1
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Tocher DR, Sprague M, Han L, Sayanova O, Norambuena F, Napier JA, Betancor MB. Inclusion of oil from transgenic Camelina sativa in feed effectively supplies EPA and DHA to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) grown to market size in seawater pens. Food Chem 2024; 456:139414. [PMID: 38901077 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon were fed either a diet reflecting current commercial feeds with added oil supplied by a blend of fish oil and rapeseed oil (COM), or a diet formulated with oil from transgenic Camelina sativa containing 20% EPA + DHA (TCO). Salmon were grown from smolt to market size (>3 kg) in sea pens under semi-commercial conditions. There were no differences in growth, feed efficiency or survival between fish fed the TCO or COM diets at the end of the trial. Levels of EPA + DHA in flesh of salmon fed TCO were significantly higher than in fish fed COM. A 140 g fillet from TCO-fed salmon delivered 2.3 g of EPA + DHA, 67% of the weekly requirement level recommended by many health agencies, and 1.5-fold more than the 1.5 g of EPA + DHA for COM-fed fish. Oil from transgenic Camelina supported growth and improved the nutritional quality of farmed salmon in terms of increased "omega-3" supply for human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Matthew Sprague
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
| | - Lihua Han
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mónica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
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2
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Horn PJ, Chapman KD. Imaging plant metabolism in situ. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1654-1670. [PMID: 37889862 PMCID: PMC10938046 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as an invaluable analytical technique for investigating the spatial distribution of molecules within biological systems. In the realm of plant science, MSI is increasingly employed to explore metabolic processes across a wide array of plant tissues, including those in leaves, fruits, stems, roots, and seeds, spanning various plant systems such as model species, staple and energy crops, and medicinal plants. By generating spatial maps of metabolites, MSI has elucidated the distribution patterns of diverse metabolites and phytochemicals, encompassing lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, phenolics, terpenes, alkaloids, vitamins, pigments, and others, thereby providing insights into their metabolic pathways and functional roles. In this review, we present recent MSI studies that demonstrate the advances made in visualizing the plant spatial metabolome. Moreover, we emphasize the technical progress that enhances the identification and interpretation of spatial metabolite maps. Within a mere decade since the inception of plant MSI studies, this robust technology is poised to continue as a vital tool for tackling complex challenges in plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Horn
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton TX 76203, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton TX 76203, USA
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3
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Abdullah HM, Pang N, Chilcoat B, Shachar-Hill Y, Schnell DJ, Dhankher OP. Overexpression of the Phosphatidylcholine:DiacylglycerolCholinephosphotransferase (PDCT) gene increases carbon flux toward triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in Camelinasativa seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108470. [PMID: 38422576 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Camelinasativa has considerable promise as a dedicated industrial oilseed crop. Its oil-based blends have been tested and approved as liquid transportation fuels. Previously, we utilized metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling approaches and identified metabolic bottlenecks that control oil production and accumulation in seeds. Accordingly, we selected candidate genes for the metabolic engineering of Camelina. Here we targeted the overexpression of Camelina PDCT gene, which encodes the phosphatidylcholine: diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase enzyme. PDCT is proposed as a gatekeeper responsible for the interconversions of diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) pools and has the potential to increase the levels of TAG in seeds. To confirm whether increased CsPDCT activity in developing Camelina seeds would enhance carbon flux toward increased levels of TAG and alter oil composition, we overexpressed the CsPDCT gene under the control of the seed-specific phaseolin promoter. Camelina transgenics exhibited significant increases in seed yield (19-56%), seed oil content (9-13%), oil yields per plant (32-76%), and altered polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content compared to their parental wild-type (WT) plants. Results from [14C] acetate labeling of Camelina developing embryos expressing CsPDCT in culture indicated increased rates of radiolabeled fatty acid incorporation into glycerolipids (up to 64%, 59%, and 43% higher in TAG, DAG, and PC, respectively), relative to WT embryos. We conclude that overexpression of PDCT appears to be a positive strategy to achieve a synergistic effect on the flux through the TAG synthesis pathway, thereby further increasing oil yields in Camelina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M Abdullah
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.
| | - Na Pang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Benjamin Chilcoat
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yair Shachar-Hill
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Danny J Schnell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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4
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Borisjuk L, Horn P, Chapman K, Jakob PM, Gündel A, Rolletschek H. Seeing plants as never before. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1775-1794. [PMID: 36895109 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Imaging has long supported our ability to understand the inner life of plants, their development, and response to a dynamic environment. While optical microscopy remains the core tool for imaging, a suite of novel technologies is now beginning to make a significant contribution to visualize plant metabolism. The purpose of this review was to provide the scientific community with an overview of current imaging methods, which rely variously on either nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) or infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and to present some examples of their application in order to illustrate their utility. In addition to providing a description of the basic principles underlying these technologies, the review discusses their various advantages and limitations, reveals the current state of the art, and suggests their potential application to experimental practice. Finally, a view is presented as to how the technologies will likely develop, how these developments may encourage the formulation of novel experimental strategies, and how the enormous potential of these technologies can contribute to progress in plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Patrick Horn
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Kent Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Peter M Jakob
- Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andre Gündel
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
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5
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Mo L, Yao X, Tang H, Li Y, Jiao Y, He Y, Jiang Y, Tian S, Lu L. Genome-Wide Investigation and Functional Analysis Reveal That CsKCS3 and CsKCS18 Are Required for Tea Cuticle Wax Formation. Foods 2023; 12:2011. [PMID: 37238828 PMCID: PMC10217411 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuticular wax is a complex mixture of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their derivatives that constitute a natural barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses on the aerial surface of terrestrial plants. In tea plants, leaf cuticular wax also contributes to the unique flavor and quality of tea products. However, the mechanism of wax formation in tea cuticles is still unclear. The cuticular wax content of 108 germplasms (Niaowang species) was investigated in this study. The transcriptome analysis of germplasms with high, medium, and low cuticular wax content revealed that the expression levels of CsKCS3 and CsKCS18 were strongly associated with the high content of cuticular wax in leaves. Hence, silencing CsKCS3 and CsKCS18 using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited the synthesis of cuticular wax and caffeine in tea leaves, indicating that expression of these genes is necessary for the synthesis of cuticular wax in tea leaves. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of cuticular wax formation in tea leaves. The study also revealed new candidate target genes for further improving tea quality and flavor and cultivating high-stress-resistant tea germplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilai Mo
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xinzhuan Yao
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hu Tang
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture, Qingzhen 551400, China
| | - Yujie Jiao
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yumei He
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yihe Jiang
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shiyu Tian
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture, Qingzhen 551400, China
| | - Litang Lu
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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6
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Barbosa MJ, Janssen M, Südfeld C, D'Adamo S, Wijffels RH. Hypes, hopes, and the way forward for microalgal biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:452-471. [PMID: 36707271 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The urge for food security and sustainability has advanced the field of microalgal biotechnology. Microalgae are microorganisms able to grow using (sun)light, fertilizers, sugars, CO2, and seawater. They have high potential as a feedstock for food, feed, energy, and chemicals. Microalgae grow faster and have higher areal productivity than plant crops, without competing for agricultural land and with 100% efficiency uptake of fertilizers. In comparison with bacterial, fungal, and yeast single-cell protein production, based on hydrogen or sugar, microalgae show higher land-use efficiency. New insights are provided regarding the potential of microalgae replacing soy protein, fish oil, and palm oil and being used as cell factories in modern industrial biotechnology to produce designer feed, recombinant proteins, biopharmaceuticals, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Barbosa
- Bioprocess Engineering & AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700, AA, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel Janssen
- Bioprocess Engineering & AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700, AA, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Südfeld
- Bioprocess Engineering & AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700, AA, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah D'Adamo
- Bioprocess Engineering & AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700, AA, The Netherlands
| | - Rene H Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering & AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700, AA, The Netherlands; Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, N-8049,Norway
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7
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Napier JA, Betancor MB. Engineering plant-based feedstocks for sustainable aquaculture. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 71:102323. [PMID: 36508933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing recognition of the challenges associated with ensuring good nutrition for all without compromising the environment. This is particularly true for aquaculture, given the reliance on marine extraction for key feed ingredients, yet at the same time it delivers key nutrients such as omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. This review will consider progress in transitioning away from oceanic-derived fish oils as feed ingredients, focusing on the emerging transgenic plant sources of these fatty acids. Specific consideration is given to the "validation" phase of this process, in which oils from GM plants are used as substitutes for bona fide fish oils in aquafeed diets. Equally, consideration is given to the demonstration of "real-world" potential by GM field trials. Collectively, the status of these new plant-based sources of omega-3 fish oils confirm the arrival of a new wave of plant biotech products, 25 years after the introduction of herbicide-tolerant input traits and demonstrate the power of GM agriculture to contribute to food security and operating within planetary boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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8
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Venegas-Calerón M, Napier JA. New alternative sources of omega-3 fish oil. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023. [PMID: 37516467 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids play an important role in brain growth and development, as well as in the health of the body. These fatty acids are traditionally found in seafood, such as fish, fish oils, and algae. They can also be added to food or consumed through dietary supplements. Due to a lack of supply to meet current demand and the potential for adverse effects from excessive consumption of fish and seafood, new alternatives are being sought to achieve the recommended levels in a safe and sustainable manner. New sources have been studied and new production mechanisms have been developed. These new proposals, as well as the importance of these fatty acids, are discussed in this paper.
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9
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Yin Y, Raboanatahiry N, Chen K, Chen X, Tian T, Jia J, He H, He J, Guo Z, Yu L, Li M. Class A lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 2 from Camelina sativa promotes very long-chain fatty acids accumulation in phospholipid and triacylglycerol. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1141-1158. [PMID: 36209492 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are important industrial raw materials and can be produced by genetically modified oil plants. For a long time, class A lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT) was considered unable to promote the accumulation of VLCFA in oil crops. The bottlenecks that the transgenic high VLCFA lines have an oil content penalty and the low amount of VLCFA in phosphatidylcholine remains intractable. In the present study, a class A LPAT2 from Camelina sativa (CsaLPAT2) promoting VLCFAs accumulation in phospholipid was found. Overexpression of CsaLPAT2 alone in Arabidopsis seeds significantly increased the VLCFA content in triacylglycerol, including C20:0, C20:2, C20:3, C22:0, and C22:1. The proportion of phosphatidic acid molecules containing VLCFAs in transgenic seeds reached up to 45%, which was 2.8-fold greater than that in wild type. The proportion of phosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol molecules containing VLCFAs also increased significantly. Seed size in CsaLPAT2 transgenic lines showed a slight increase without an oil content penalty. The total phospholipid content in the seed of the CsaLPAT2 transgenic line was significantly increased. Furthermore, the function of class A LPAT in promoting the accumulation of VLCFAs is conserved in the representative oil crops of Brassicaceae, such as C. sativa, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, and Brassica oleracea. The findings of this study provide a promising gene resource for the production of VLCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtai Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Nadia Raboanatahiry
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongsheng He
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianjie He
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhenyi Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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10
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Broughton R, Tocher DR, Napier JA, Betancor MB. Profiling Phospholipids within Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar with Regards to a Novel Terrestrial Omega-3 Oil Source. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090851. [PMID: 36144255 PMCID: PMC9503986 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and inclusion of novel oils derived from genetically modified (GM) oilseeds into aquafeeds, to supplement and supplant current terrestrial oilseeds, as well as fish oils, warrants a more thorough investigation into lipid biochemical alterations within finfish species, such as Atlantic salmon. Five tissues were examined across two harvesting timepoints to establish whether lipid isomeric alterations could be detected between a standard commercial diet versus a diet that incorporated the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), derived from the GM oilseed Camelina sativa. Tissue-dependent trends were detected, indicating that certain organs, such as the brain, have a basal limit to LC-PUFA incorporation, though enrichment of these fatty acids is possible. Lipid acyl alterations, as well as putative stereospecific numbering (sn) isomer alterations, were also detected, providing evidence that GM oils may modify lipid structure, with lipids of interest providing a set of targeted markers by which lipid alterations can be monitored across various novel diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Broughton
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Douglas R. Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | | | - Mónica B. Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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11
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Han L, Silvestre S, Sayanova O, Haslam RP, Napier JA. Using field evaluation and systematic iteration to rationalize the accumulation of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic Camelina sativa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1833-1852. [PMID: 35656640 PMCID: PMC9398312 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Brassicaceae Camelina sativa (gold of pleasure) is now an established niche crop and being used as a transgenic host for a range of novel seed traits. Most notable of these is the accumulation of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturates such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), fatty acids normally only found in marine organisms. As part of continued efforts to optimize the accumulation of these non-native fatty acids via seed-specific expression of algal genes, a new series of iterative constructs was built and introduced into Camelina. Seed fatty acid composition was determined, and the presence of EPA and DHA was confirmed. To provide an additional level of evaluation, full environmental release was carried out on selected events, providing a real-world gauntlet against which to assess the performance of these novel lines. Composition of the seed oil triacylglycerol was determined by mass spectrometry, allowing for conclusions as to the contribution of different activities to the final accumulation of EPA and DHA. Since these data were derived from field-grown material, they also represent a robust demonstration of the stability of the omega-3 LC-PUFA trait in Camelina. We propose that field trialling should be routinely incorporated in the plant synthetic biology 'design-build-test-learn' cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Han
- Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpenden, HertsUK
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12
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Patel AK, Chauhan AS, Kumar P, Michaud P, Gupta VK, Chang JS, Chen CW, Dong CD, Singhania RR. Emerging prospects of microbial production of omega fatty acids: Recent updates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127534. [PMID: 35777644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Healthy foods containing omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been in great demand because of their unique dietary and health properties. Reduction in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has shown their therapeutic and health-promoting effects when consumed under recommended ratio 1:1-1:4, however imbalanced ratios (>1:4, high omega-6) enhance these risks. The importance of omega-6 is apparent however microbial production favors larger production of omega-3. Current research focus is prerequisite to designing omega-6 production strategies for better application prospects, for which thraustochytrids could be promising due to higher lipid productivity. This review provides recent updates on essential fatty acids production from potential microbes and their application, especially major insights on omega research, also discussed the novel possible strategies to promote omega-3 and omega-6 accumulation via engineering and omics approaches. It covers strategies to block the conversion of omega-6 into omega-3 by enzyme inhibition, nanoparticle-mediated regulation and/or metabolic flux regulation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajeet Singh Chauhan
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institute Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Han L, Haslam RP, Silvestre S, Lu C, Napier JA. Enhancing the accumulation of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in transgenic Camelina through the CRISPR-Cas9 inactivation of the competing FAE1 pathway. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1444-1446. [PMID: 35723935 PMCID: PMC9342609 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Han
- Plant Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | | | | | - Chaofu Lu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
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14
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Long Y, Wei X, Wu S, Wu N, Li QX, Tan B, Wan X. Plant Molecular Farming, a Tool for Functional Food Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2108-2116. [PMID: 35139640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The demand of functional food is increasing for improving human health. Plant molecular farming (PMF) employs plants as bioreactors for the production of pharmaceuticals. Now PMF has been used to produce antibodies, vaccines, and medicinal proteins, but it has not been well-studied for production of nutraceuticals and functional food. In this perspective, we extend the concept of PMF, present an updated overview of PMF for functional food development, including the progress, problem, and strategy, and then speculate how to use the PMF strategy to produce functional foods, especially with four major staple food crops (rice, wheat, maize, and soybean). Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of PMF on functional food production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Company, Limited, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Wei
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Company, Limited, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
| | - Suowei Wu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Company, Limited, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Wu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Bin Tan
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Company, Limited, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
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15
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Belide S, Shrestha P, Kennedy Y, Leonforte A, Devine MD, Petrie JR, Singh SP, Zhou X. Engineering docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in Brassica juncea. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:19-21. [PMID: 34694688 PMCID: PMC8710832 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James R. Petrie
- CSIRO Agriculture & FoodCanberraACTAustralia
- Present address:
Nourish Ingredients Pty Ltd.CanberraACTAustralia
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16
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Pollard M, Shachar-Hill Y. Kinetic complexities of triacylglycerol accumulation in developing embryos from Camelina sativa provide evidence for multiple biosynthetic systems. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101396. [PMID: 34774796 PMCID: PMC8715117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative flux maps describing glycerolipid synthesis can be important tools for rational engineering of lipid content and composition in oilseeds. Lipid accumulation in cultured embryos of Camelina sativa is known to mimic that of seeds in terms of rate of lipid synthesis and composition. To assess the kinetic complexity of the glycerolipid flux network, cultured embryos were incubated with [14C/13C]glycerol, and initial and steady state rates of [14C/13Cglyceryl] lipid accumulation were measured. At steady state, the linear accumulations of labeled lipid classes matched those expected from mass compositions. The system showed an apparently simple kinetic precursor-product relationship between the intermediate pool, dominated by diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), and the triacylglycerol (TAG) product. We also conducted isotopomer analyses on hydrogenated lipid class species. [13C3glyceryl] labeling of DAG and PC, together with estimates of endogenous [12C3glyceryl] dilution, showed that each biosynthetically active lipid pool is ∼30% of the total by moles. This validates the concept that lipid sub-pools can describe lipid biosynthetic networks. By tracking the kinetics of [13C3glyceryl] and [13C2acyl] labeling, we observed two distinct TAG synthesis components. The major TAG synthesis flux (∼75%) was associated with >95% of the DAG/PC intermediate pool, with little glycerol being metabolized to fatty acids, and with little dilution from endogenous glycerol; a smaller flux exhibited converse characteristics. This kinetic heterogeneity was further explored using postlabeling embryo dissection and differential lipid extractions. The minor flux was tentatively localized to surface cells across the whole embryo. Such heterogeneity must be recognized in order to construct accurate gene expression patterns and metabolic networks describing lipid biosynthesis in developing embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Pollard
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yair Shachar-Hill
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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17
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Occhialini A, Nguyen MA, Dice L, Pfotenhauer AC, Sultana MS, Neal Stewart C, Lenaghan SC. High-Throughput Transfection and Analysis of Soybean (Glycine max ) Protoplasts. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2464:245-259. [PMID: 35258837 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2164-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of plant synthetic biology, there is an urgent need to develop plant-based systems that are able to effectively enhance the speed of design-build-test cycles to screen large numbers of synthetic constructs. Thus far, protoplasts have served to fill this need, with cell suspension cultures serving as the primary source tissue to enable high-throughput protoplast experimentation. The possibility to use low-cost food-grade enzymes for cell wall digestion along with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transfection makes protoplasts particularly suited to automation and high-throughput screening. In other systems for which synthetic biology is well established (model bacteria and yeast), libraries of components, i.e., promoters, 5' untranslated regions, 3' untranslated regions, terminators, and transcription factors, serve as the basis for the design of complex genetic circuits. In order for synthetic biology to make similar strides in plant biology, well-characterized libraries of functional genetic parts for plants are required, necessitating the need for high-throughput protoplast assays.In this chapter, we describe an optimized method for the preparation of soybean (Glycine max ) dark-grown cell suspension cultures, followed by protoplast isolation, automated transfection , and subsequent screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Occhialini
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Mary-Anne Nguyen
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Lezlee Dice
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander C Pfotenhauer
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Mst Shamira Sultana
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Scott C Lenaghan
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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18
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Stamenković OS, Gautam K, Singla‐Pareek SL, Dhankher OP, Djalović IG, Kostić MD, Mitrović PM, Pareek A, Veljković VB. Biodiesel production from camelina oil: Present status and future perspectives. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kshipra Gautam
- Reliance Technology Group Reliance Industries Limited Navi Mumbai India
| | - Sneh L. Singla‐Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Om P. Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts USA
| | - Ivica G. Djalović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops National Institute of the Republic of Serbia Novi Sad Serbia
| | | | - Petar M. Mitrović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops National Institute of the Republic of Serbia Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
- National Agri‐Food Biotechnology Institute Mohali India
| | - Vlada B. Veljković
- Faculty of Technology University of Niš Leskovac Serbia
- The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Belgrade Serbia
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19
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Scharff LB, Saltenis VLR, Jensen PE, Baekelandt A, Burgess AJ, Burow M, Ceriotti A, Cohan J, Geu‐Flores F, Halkier BA, Haslam RP, Inzé D, Klein Lankhorst R, Murchie EH, Napier JA, Nacry P, Parry MAJ, Santino A, Scarano A, Sparvoli F, Wilhelm R, Pribil M. Prospects to improve the nutritional quality of crops. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lars B. Scharff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Vandasue L. R. Saltenis
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Aldo Ceriotti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology National Research Council (CNR) Milan Italy
| | | | - Fernando Geu‐Flores
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Barbara Ann Halkier
- DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | | | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - René Klein Lankhorst
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | | | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMPUniv MontpellierINRAECNRSMontpellier SupAgro Montpellier France
| | | | - Angelo Santino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) National Research Council (CNR) Lecce Italy
| | - Aurelia Scarano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) National Research Council (CNR) Lecce Italy
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Ralf Wilhelm
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology Julius Kühn‐Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Quedlinburg Germany
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
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20
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs): Emerging Plant and Microbial Sources, Oxidative Stability, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101627. [PMID: 34679761 PMCID: PMC8533147 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The omega−3 (n−3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid are well known to protect against numerous metabolic disorders. In view of the alarming increase in the incidence of chronic diseases, consumer interest and demand are rapidly increasing for natural dietary sources of n−3 PUFAs. Among the plant sources, seed oils from chia (Salvia hispanica), flax (Linum usitatissimum), and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) are now widely considered to increase α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the diet. Moreover, seed oil of Echium plantagineum, Buglossoides arvensis, and Ribes sp. are widely explored as a source of stearidonic acid (SDA), a more effective source than is ALA for increasing the EPA and DHA status in the body. Further, the oil from microalgae and thraustochytrids can also directly supply EPA and DHA. Thus, these microbial sources are currently used for the commercial production of vegan EPA and DHA. Considering the nutritional and commercial importance of n−3 PUFAs, this review critically discusses the nutritional aspects of commercially exploited sources of n−3 PUFAs from plants, microalgae, macroalgae, and thraustochytrids. Moreover, we discuss issues related to oxidative stability and bioavailability of n−3 PUFAs and future prospects in these areas.
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21
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Bioprospecting of thraustochytrids for omega-3 fatty acids: A sustainable approach to reduce dependency on animal sources. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Wayne LL, Gachotte DJ, Graupner PR, Adelfinskaya Y, McCaskill DG, Metz JG, Zirkle R, Walsh TA. Plant and algal lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases increase docosahexaenoic acid accumulation at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerol in transgenic Arabidopsis seed oil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256625. [PMID: 34432852 PMCID: PMC8386867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an important dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is at present primarily sourced from marine fish, bioengineered crops producing DHA may offer a more sustainable and cost-effective source. DHA has been produced in transgenic oilseed crops, however, DHA in seed oil primarily occupies the sn-1/3 positions of triacylglycerol (TAG) with relatively low amounts of DHA in the sn-2 position. To increase the amount of DHA in the sn-2 position of TAG and in seed oil, putative lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs) were identified and characterized from the DHA-producing alga Schizochytrium sp. and from soybean (Glycine max). The affinity-purified proteins were confirmed to have LPAAT activity. Expression of the Schizochytrium or soybean LPAATs in DHA-producing Arabidopsis expressing the Schizochytrium PUFA synthase system significantly increased the total amount of DHA in seed oil. A novel sensitive band-selective heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR method was developed to quantify DHA at the sn-2 position of glycerolipids. More than two-fold increases in sn-2 DHA were observed for Arabidopsis lines expressing Schizochytrium or soybean LPAATs, with one Schizochytrium LPAAT driving DHA accumulation in the sn-2 position to 61% of the total DHA. Furthermore, expression of a soybean LPAAT led to a redistribution of DHA-containing TAG species, with two new TAG species identified. Our results demonstrate that transgenic expression of Schizochytrium or soybean LPAATs can increase the proportion of DHA at the sn-2 position of TAG and the total amount of DHA in the seed oil of a DHA-accumulating oilseed plant. Additionally, the band-selective HSQC NMR method that we developed provides a sensitive and robust method for determining the regiochemistry of DHA in glycerolipids. These findings will benefit the advancement of sustainable sources of DHA via transgenic crops such as canola and soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Wayne
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Paul R. Graupner
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | | | - James G. Metz
- DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ross Zirkle
- DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Terence A. Walsh
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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23
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Li H, Hu X, Lovell JT, Grabowski PP, Mamidi S, Chen C, Amirebrahimi M, Kahanda I, Mumey B, Barry K, Kudrna D, Schmutz J, Lachowiec J, Lu C. Genetic dissection of natural variation in oilseed traits of camelina by whole-genome resequencing and QTL mapping. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20110. [PMID: 34106529 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is an oilseed crop in the Brassicaceae family that is currently being developed as a source of bioenergy and healthy fatty acids. To facilitate modern breeding efforts through marker-assisted selection and biotechnology, we evaluated genetic variation among a worldwide collection of 222 camelina accessions. We performed whole-genome resequencing to obtain single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and to analyze genomic diversity. We also conducted phenotypic field evaluations in two consecutive seasons for variations in key agronomic traits related to oilseed production such as seed size, oil content (OC), fatty acid composition, and flowering time. We determined the population structure of the camelina accessions using 161,301 SNPs. Further, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes controlling the above field-evaluated traits by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) complemented with linkage mapping using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Characterization of the natural variation at the genome and phenotypic levels provides valuable resources to camelina genetic studies and crop improvement. The QTL and candidate genes should assist in breeding of advanced camelina varieties that can be integrated into the cropping systems for the production of high yield of oils of desired fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Li
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Computing, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - John T Lovell
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 38508, USA
| | - Paul P Grabowski
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 38508, USA
| | - Sujan Mamidi
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 38508, USA
| | - Cindy Chen
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mojgan Amirebrahimi
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Indika Kahanda
- School of Computing, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Brendan Mumey
- School of Computing, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - David Kudrna
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 38508, USA
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer Lachowiec
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Chaofu Lu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
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24
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In Situ Localization of Plant Lipid Metabolites by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI). Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34047991 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1362-7_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has emerged as a major analytical platform for the determination and localization of lipid metabolites directly from tissue sections. Unlike analysis of lipid extracts, where lipid localizations are lost due to homogenization and/ or solvent extraction, MALDI-MSI analysis is capable of revealing spatial localization of metabolites while simultaneously collecting high chemical resolution mass spectra. Important considerations for obtaining high quality MALDI-MS images include tissue preservation, section preparation, MS data collection and data processing. Errors in any of these steps can lead to poor quality metabolite images and increases the chance for metabolite misidentification and/ or incorrect localization. Here, we present detailed methods and recommendations for specimen preparation, MALDI-MS instrument parameters, software analysis platforms for data processing, and practical considerations for each of these steps to ensure acquisition of high-quality chemical and spatial resolution data for reconstructing MALDI-MS images of plant tissues.
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25
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de Souza LP, Borghi M, Fernie A. Plant Single-Cell Metabolomics-Challenges and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8987. [PMID: 33256100 PMCID: PMC7730874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Omics approaches for investigating biological systems were introduced in the mid-1990s and quickly consolidated to become a fundamental pillar of modern biology. The idea of measuring the whole complement of genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites has since become widespread and routinely adopted in the pursuit of an infinity of scientific questions. Incremental improvements over technical aspects such as sampling, sensitivity, cost, and throughput pushed even further the boundaries of what these techniques can achieve. In this context, single-cell genomics and transcriptomics quickly became a well-established tool to answer fundamental questions challenging to assess at a whole tissue level. Following a similar trend as the original development of these techniques, proteomics alternatives for single-cell exploration have become more accessible and reliable, whilst metabolomics lag behind the rest. This review summarizes state-of-the-art technologies for spatially resolved metabolomics analysis, as well as the challenges hindering the achievement of sensu stricto metabolome coverage at the single-cell level. Furthermore, we discuss several essential contributions to understanding plant single-cell metabolism, finishing with our opinion on near-future developments and relevant scientific questions that will hopefully be tackled by incorporating these new exciting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Müehlenberg 1, Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Monica Borghi
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 1435 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA;
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Müehlenberg 1, Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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26
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Han L, Usher S, Sandgrind S, Hassall K, Sayanova O, Michaelson LV, Haslam RP, Napier JA. High level accumulation of EPA and DHA in field-grown transgenic Camelina - a multi-territory evaluation of TAG accumulation and heterogeneity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2280-2291. [PMID: 32304615 PMCID: PMC7589388 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The transgene-directed accumulation of non-native omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the seed oil of Camelina sativa (Camelina) was evaluated in the field, in distinct geographical and regulatory locations. A construct, DHA2015.1, containing an optimal combination of biosynthetic genes, was selected for experimental field release in the UK, USA and Canada, and the accumulation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) determined. The occurrence of these fatty acids in different triacylglycerol species was monitored and found to follow a broad trend irrespective of the agricultural environment. This is a clear demonstration of the stability and robust nature of the transgenic trait for omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in Camelina. Examination of non-seed tissues for the unintended accumulation of EPA and DHA failed to identify their presence in leaf, stem, flower, anther or capsule shell material, confirming the seed-specific accumulation of these novel fatty acids. Collectively, these data confirm the promise of GM plant-based sources of so-called omega-3 fish oils as a sustainable replacement for oceanically derived oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Han
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | - Sarah Usher
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | - Sjur Sandgrind
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
- Present address:
Department of Plant BreedingSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Kirsty Hassall
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
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Biotechnology tools and applications for development of oilseed crops with healthy vegetable oils. Biochimie 2020; 178:4-14. [PMID: 32979430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable oils, consisting principally of triacylglycerols (TAG), are major sources of calories and essential fatty acids in the human diet. The fatty acid composition of TAG is a primary determinant of the nutritional quality and health-promoting properties of vegetable oils. TAG fatty acid composition also affects the functionality and properties of vegetable oils in food applications and in food processing and preparation. Vegetable oils with improved nutritional and functional properties have been developed for oilseed crops by selection and breeding of fatty acid biosynthetic mutants. These efforts have been effective at generating vegetable oils with altered relative amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in seed TAG, but are constrained by insufficient genetic diversity for producing oils with "healthy" fatty acids that are not typically found in major oilseeds. The development and application of biotechnological tools have instead enabled the generation of oilseeds that produce novel fatty acid compositions with improved nutritional value by the introduction of genes from alternative sources, including plants, bacteria, and fungi. These tools have also allowed the generation of desired oil compositions that have proven difficult to obtain by breeding without compromised performance in selected oilseed crops. Here, we review biotechnological tools for increasing crop genetic diversity and their application for commercial or proof-of-principal development of oilseeds with expanded utility for food and feed applications and higher value nutritional and nutraceutical markets.
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Broughton R, Tocher DR, Betancor MB. Development of a C18 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methodology for the Analysis of Very-Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Lipid Matrices and Its Application to Fish Oil Substitutes Derived from Genetically Modified Oilseeds in the Aquaculture Sector. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22289-22298. [PMID: 32923786 PMCID: PMC7482240 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipidomics methodologies traditionally utilize either reverse phase- or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-type separations; however, supercritical fluid chromatography can offer a rapid normal phase type separation while reducing the dependence on organic solvents. However, normal phase type lipid separations typically lack pronounced intraclass separation, which is problematic for complex lipidomes containing very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially those from genetically modified organisms. A high-strength silica C18 method was developed, which benefitted from discrete class separation, as well as displaying intraclass selectivity sufficient for profiling flesh of salmon fed with a diet supplemented with oil from the genetically engineered oilseed Camelina sativa, a terrestrial oilseed with a fish oil-type profile. Salmon fed a diet containing this Camelina oil were found to have flesh enriched in triacylglycerols and phospholipids containing 18:3, 20:5, and 22:6, whereas salmon fed the control diet were differentiated by shorter chain plant-type fatty acids integrated within complex lipids. Coupled with active scanning quadrupole technology, data acquisition was enhanced, allowing for fragmentation data to be acquired in a data independent fashion, permitting acyl chain identification of resolved isomers. Therefore, we have developed a method, which is amenable for lipidomics studies of complex lipidomes, specifically those altered by synthetic biology approaches.
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Wang S, Minter M, Homem RA, Michaelson LV, Venthur H, Lim KS, Withers A, Xi J, Jones CM, Zhou J. Odorant binding proteins promote flight activity in the migratory insect,
Helicoverpa armigera. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:3795-3808. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- College of Plant Sciences Jilin University Changchun China
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK
| | - Melissa Minter
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK
- Department of Biology University of York York UK
| | - Rafael A. Homem
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK
| | | | - Herbert Venthur
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA) Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | - Ka S. Lim
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK
| | - Amy Withers
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Sciences Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Christopher M. Jones
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK
- Vector Biology Department Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool UK
| | - Jing‐Jiang Zhou
- College of Plant Sciences Jilin University Changchun China
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK
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Petrie JR, Zhou XR, Leonforte A, McAllister J, Shrestha P, Kennedy Y, Belide S, Buzza G, Gororo N, Gao W, Lester G, Mansour MP, Mulder RJ, Liu Q, Tian L, Silva C, Cogan NOI, Nichols PD, Green AG, de Feyter R, Devine MD, Singh SP. Development of a Brassica napus (Canola) Crop Containing Fish Oil-Like Levels of DHA in the Seed Oil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:727. [PMID: 32595662 PMCID: PMC7303301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant seeds have long been promoted as a production platform for novel fatty acids such as the ω3 long-chain (≥ C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) commonly found in fish oil. In this article we describe the creation of a canola (Brassica napus) variety producing fish oil-like levels of DHA in the seed. This was achieved by the introduction of a microalgal/yeast transgenic pathway of seven consecutive enzymatic steps which converted the native substrate oleic acid to α-linolenic acid and, subsequently, to EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and DHA. This paper describes construct design and evaluation, plant transformation, event selection, field testing in a wide range of environments, and oil profile stability of the transgenic seed. The stable, high-performing event NS-B50027-4 produced fish oil-like levels of DHA (9-11%) in open field trials of T3 to T7 generation plants in several locations in Australia and Canada. This study also describes the highest seed DHA levels reported thus far and is one of the first examples of a deregulated genetically modified crop with clear health benefits to the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Yoko Kennedy
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Greg Buzza
- Nuseed Pty Ltd., Horsham, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Wenxiang Gao
- Nuseed Americas Inc., Woodland, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lijun Tian
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Hotton SK, Kammerzell M, Chan R, Hernandez BT, Young HA, Tobias C, McKeon T, Brichta J, Thomson NJ, Thomson JG. Phenotypic Examination of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz Accessions from the USDA-ARS National Genetics Resource Program. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E642. [PMID: 32438618 PMCID: PMC7286027 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Camelina sativa (L.) Crntz. is a hardy self-pollinated oilseed plant that belongs to the Brassicaceae family; widely grown throughout the northern hemisphere until the 1940s for production of vegetable oil but was later displaced by higher-yielding rapeseed and sunflower crops. However, interest in camelina as an alternative oil source has been renewed due to its high oil content that is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants as well as its ability to grow on marginal lands with minimal requirements. For this reason, our group decided to screen the existing (2011) National Genetic Resources Program (NGRP) center collection of camelina for its genetic diversity and provide a phenotypic evaluation of the cultivars available. Properties evaluated include seed and oil traits, developmental and mature morphologies, as well as chromosome content. Selectable marker genes were also evaluated for potential use in biotech manipulation. Data is provided in a raw uncompiled format to allow other researchers to analyze the unbiased information for their own studies. Our evaluation has determined that the NGRP collection has a wide range of genetic potential for both breeding and biotechnological manipulation purposes. Accessions were identified within the NGRP collection that appear to have desirable seed harvest weight (5.06 g/plant) and oil content (44.1%). Other cultivars were identified as having fatty acid characteristics that may be suitable for meal and/or food use, such as low (<2%) erucic acid content, which is often considered for healthy consumption and ranged from a high of 4.79% to a low of 1.83%. Descriptive statistics are provided for a breadth of traits from 41 accessions, as well as raw data, and key seed traits are further explored. Data presented is available for public use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ron Chan
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, USDA-ARS-WRRC, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (R.C.); (C.T.); (T.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Bryan T. Hernandez
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | | | - Christian Tobias
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, USDA-ARS-WRRC, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (R.C.); (C.T.); (T.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Thomas McKeon
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, USDA-ARS-WRRC, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (R.C.); (C.T.); (T.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Jenny Brichta
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, USDA-ARS-WRRC, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (R.C.); (C.T.); (T.M.); (J.B.)
| | | | - James G. Thomson
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, USDA-ARS-WRRC, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (R.C.); (C.T.); (T.M.); (J.B.)
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Yukihiro Y, Zaima N. Application of Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Visualizing Food Components. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050575. [PMID: 32375379 PMCID: PMC7278736 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consuming food is essential for survival, maintaining health, and triggering positive emotions like pleasure. One of the factors that drive us toward such behavior is the presence of various compounds in foods. There are many methods to analyze these molecules in foods; however, it is difficult to analyze the spatial distribution of these compounds using conventional techniques, such as mass spectrometry combined with high-performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a two-dimensional ionization technology that enables detection of compounds in tissue sections without extraction, purification, separation, or labeling. There are many methods for ionization of analytes, including secondary ion mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, and desorption electrospray ionization. Such MSI technologies can provide spatial information on the location of a specific analyte in food. The number of studies utilizing MSI technologies in food science has been increasing in the past decade. This review provides an overview of some of the recent applications of MSI in food science and related fields. In the future, MSI will become one of the most promising technologies for visualizing the distribution of food components and for identifying food-related factors by their molecular weights to improve quality, quality assurance, food safety, nutritional analysis, and to locate administered food factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimura Yukihiro
- Department of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe City 651-2180, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City 631-8505, Japan
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University,204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City 631-8505, Japan
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Orozco Colonia BS, Vinícius de Melo Pereira G, Soccol CR. Omega-3 microbial oils from marine thraustochytrids as a sustainable and technological solution: A review and patent landscape. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kumar K, Gambhir G, Dass A, Tripathi AK, Singh A, Jha AK, Yadava P, Choudhary M, Rakshit S. Genetically modified crops: current status and future prospects. PLANTA 2020; 251:91. [PMID: 32236850 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While transgenic technology has heralded a new era in crop improvement, several concerns have precluded their widespread acceptance. Alternative technologies, such as cisgenesis and genome-editing may address many of such issues and facilitate the development of genetically engineered crop varieties with multiple favourable traits. Genetic engineering and plant transformation have played a pivotal role in crop improvement via introducing beneficial foreign gene(s) or silencing the expression of endogenous gene(s) in crop plants. Genetically modified crops possess one or more useful traits, such as, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, disease resistance, and nutritional improvement. To date, nearly 525 different transgenic events in 32 crops have been approved for cultivation in different parts of the world. The adoption of transgenic technology has been shown to increase crop yields, reduce pesticide and insecticide use, reduce CO2 emissions, and decrease the cost of crop production. However, widespread adoption of transgenic crops carrying foreign genes faces roadblocks due to concerns of potential toxicity and allergenicity to human beings, potential environmental risks, such as chances of gene flow, adverse effects on non-target organisms, evolution of resistance in weeds and insects etc. These concerns have prompted the adoption of alternative technologies like cisgenesis, intragenesis, and most recently, genome editing. Some of these alternative technologies can be utilized to develop crop plants that are free from any foreign gene hence, it is expected that such crops might achieve higher consumer acceptance as compared to the transgenic crops and would get faster regulatory approvals. In this review, we present a comprehensive update on the current status of the genetically modified (GM) crops under cultivation. We also discuss the issues affecting widespread adoption of transgenic GM crops and comment upon the recent tools and techniques developed to address some of these concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Geetika Gambhir
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Abhishek Dass
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tripathi
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462001, India
| | - Alla Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Jha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pranjal Yadava
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Sujay Rakshit
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Castejón N, Señoráns FJ. Enzymatic modification to produce health-promoting lipids from fish oil, algae and other new omega-3 sources: A review. N Biotechnol 2020; 57:45-54. [PMID: 32224214 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipases are a versatile class of enzymes that have aroused great interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their ability to modify and synthesize new lipids for functional foods. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have shown important biological functions promoting human health, especially in the development and maintenance of brain function and vision. Lipases allow selective production of functional lipids enriched in omega-3 PUFAs and are unique enzymatic tools to improve the natural composition of lipids and provide specific bioactivities. This review comprises recent research trends on the enzymatic production of bioactive, structured lipids with improved nutritional characteristics, using new enzymatic processing technologies in combination with novel raw materials, including microalgal lipids and new seed oils high in omega-3 fatty acids. An extensive number of lipase applications in the synthesis of health-promoting lipids enriched in omega-3 fatty acids by enzymatic modification is reviewed, considering the main advances in recent years for production of ethyl esters, 2-monoacylglycerols and structured triglycerides and phospholipids with omega-3 fatty acids, in order to achieve bioactive lipids as new foods and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Castejón
- Healthy-Lipids Group, Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Señoráns
- Healthy-Lipids Group, Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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36
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Nutritional enhancement in plants - green and greener. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 61:122-127. [PMID: 31911264 PMCID: PMC7103755 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plants as green factories for the production of compounds with human health benefits. Reduced environmental footprint and improved sustainability via GM plants. Translation of basic research into tangible products.
The global challenges of ensuring sufficient safe and nutritious food for all are enshrined within the Sustainable Development Goals. As our planet's population continues to grow, and as the impacts of climate change and environmental pollution become more visible to all, new solutions continue to be sought as to how best address these. Transgenic crops specifically focussed on delivering health-beneficial compounds will likely play a role in this, and this review will consider several areas where good progress has been made. In particular, the transition from basic research to commercial product is a journey that more and more projects are embarking on, hopefully leading to the fulfilment of earlier promises as to the potential of genetically modified (GM) plants to deliver improved human nutrition.
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37
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Lager I, Jeppson S, Gippert AL, Feussner I, Stymne S, Marmon S. Acyltransferases Regulate Oil Quality in Camelina sativa Through Both Acyl Donor and Acyl Acceptor Specificities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1144. [PMID: 32922411 PMCID: PMC7456936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Camelina sativa is an emerging biotechnology oil crop. However, more information is needed regarding its innate lipid enzyme specificities. We have therefore characterized several triacylglycerol (TAG) producing enzymes by measuring in vitro substrate specificities using different combinations of acyl-acceptors (diacylglycerol, DAG) and donors. Specifically, C. sativa acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) 1 and 2 (which both use acyl-CoA as acyl donor) and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT, with phosphatidylcoline as acyl donor) were studied. The results show that the DGAT1 and DGAT2 specificities are complementary, with DGAT2 exhibiting a high specificity for acyl acceptors containing only polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), whereas DGAT1 prefers acyl donors with saturated and monounsaturated FAs. Furthermore, the combination of substrates that resulted in the highest activity for DGAT2, but very low activity for DGAT1, corresponds to TAG species previously shown to increase in C. sativa seeds with downregulated DGAT1. Similarly, the combinations of substrates that gave the highest PDAT1 activity were also those that produce the two TAG species (54:7 and 54:8 TAG) with the highest increase in PDAT overexpressing C. sativa seeds. Thus, the in vitro data correlate well with the changes in the overall fatty acid profile and TAG species in C. sativa seeds with altered DGAT1 and PDAT activity. Additionally, in vitro studies of C. sativa phosphatidycholine:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PDCT), another activity involved in TAG biosynthesis, revealed that PDCT accepts substrates with different desaturation levels. Furthermore, PDCT was unable to use DAG with ricineoleyl groups, and the presence of this substrate also inhibited PDCT from using other DAG-moieties. This gives insights relating to previous in vivo studies regarding this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Simon Jeppson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Gippert
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sofia Marmon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sofia Marmon,
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38
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Huai D, Xue X, Li Y, Wang P, Li J, Yan L, Chen Y, Wang X, Liu N, Kang Y, Wang Z, Huang Y, Jiang H, Lei Y, Liao B. Genome-Wide Identification of Peanut KCS Genes Reveals That AhKCS1 and AhKCS28 Are Involved in Regulating VLCFA Contents in Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:406. [PMID: 32457765 PMCID: PMC7221192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop worldwide. Compared to other common edible vegetable oils, peanut oil contains a higher content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), approximately 20-40% of which are very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). To understand the basis for this oil profile, we interrogated genes for peanut β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS), which is known to be a key enzyme in VLCFA biosynthesis. A total of 30 AhKCS genes were identified in the assembled genome of the peanut. Based on transcriptome data, nine AhKCS genes with high expression levels in developing seeds were cloned and expressed in yeast. All these AhKCSs could produce VLCFAs but result in different profiles, indicating that the AhKCSs catalyzed fatty acid elongation with different substrate specificities. Expression level analysis of these nine AhKCS genes was performed in developing seeds from six peanut germplasm lines with different VLCFA contents. Among these genes, the expression levels of AhKCS1 or AhKCS28 were, 4-10-fold higher than that of any other AhKCS. However, only the expression levels of AhKCS1 and AhKCS28 were significantly and positively correlated with the VLCFA content, suggesting that AhKCS1 and AhKCS28 were involved in the regulation of VLCFA content in the peanut seed. Further subcellular localization analysis indicated that AhKCS1 and AhKCS28 were located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Overexpression of AhKCS1 or AhKCS28 in Arabidopsis increased the contents of VLCFAs in the seed, especially for very long chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs). Taken together, this study suggests that AhKCS1 and AhKCS28 could be key genes in regulating VLCFA biosynthesis in the seed, which could be applied to improve the health-promoting and nutritional qualities of the peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Danzhou, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Lei,
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Boshou Liao,
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39
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Yuan L, Li R. Metabolic Engineering a Model Oilseed Camelina sativa for the Sustainable Production of High-Value Designed Oils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 32117362 PMCID: PMC7028685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is an important Brassicaceae oil crop with a number of excellent agronomic traits including low water and fertilizer input, strong adaptation and resistance. Furthermore, its short life cycle and easy genetic transformation, combined with available data of genome and other "-omics" have enabled camelina as a model oil plant to study lipid metabolism regulation and genetic improvement. Particularly, camelina is capable of rapid metabolic engineering to synthesize and accumulate high levels of unusual fatty acids and modified oils in seeds, which are more stable and environmentally friendly. Such engineered camelina oils have been increasingly used as the super resource for edible oil, health-promoting food and medicine, biofuel oil and high-valued chemical production. In this review, we mainly highlight the latest advance in metabolic engineering towards the predictive manipulation of metabolism for commercial production of desirable bio-based products using camelina as an ideal platform. Moreover, we deeply analysis camelina seed metabolic engineering strategy and its promising achievements by describing the metabolic assembly of biosynthesis pathways for acetyl glycerides, hydroxylated fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid (ω-7) and other high-value oils. Future prospects are discussed, with a focus on the cutting-edge techniques in camelina such as genome editing application, fine directed manipulation of metabolism and future outlook for camelina industry development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- *Correspondence: Runzhi Li,
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40
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Succurro A, Schuler-Bermann M, Ivanov R, Jacoby R, Kopriva S, Jobe TO. Orphan crops at the food for future conference. PLANTA 2019; 250:1005-1010. [PMID: 31290030 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In her 1929 essay A Room of One's Own, Virginia Wolf famously wrote, "One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well." While this popular quote is perhaps not the most inspiring, it is an elegant reminder that food and the cultural practices surrounding food are paramount for our wellbeing. However, in our quest to feed a growing global population, we have become focused on increasing the production of a few staple crops and overlooked hundreds or thousands of locally and regionally important crops that may represent the future of agriculture. The growing interest in identifying and developing promising new crops and novel food sources prompted the 1st Cologne Conference on Food for Future, which took place between the 5 and 7th of September 2018 at the Rautenstrauch-Joest museum in Cologne, Germany. It offered a unique platform for researchers, journalists, politicians, and entrepreneurs to present and discuss their views, visions, and concerns on the topics of Food Security. This interdisciplinary meeting acted as a stage to cover diverse aspects of crop science, food research, and food production in the context of global food and nutrition security. Three sessions accommodated scientific contributions on the topics of "Orphan Crops", "Functional food", and "Innovative food sources and production systems", and two public events (a public lecture and a plenary discussion) engaged the citizens with informative discussions on relevant and mediatic topics. With delegates from Africa, Europe, and the United States of America, the conference aimed at building bridges between different communities through scientific exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Succurro
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, Germany
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- West German Genome Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mara Schuler-Bermann
- Developmental and Molecular Plant Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard Jacoby
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, Germany
| | - Timothy O Jobe
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, Germany.
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41
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Shrestha P, Zhou XR, Vibhakaran Pillai S, Petrie J, de Feyter R, Singh S. Comparison of the Substrate Preferences of ω3 Fatty Acid Desaturases for Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3058. [PMID: 31234541 PMCID: PMC6627408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω3) are important fatty acids for human health. These ω3 LC-PUFAs are produced from their ω3 precursors by a set of desaturases and elongases involved in the biosynthesis pathway and are also converted from ω6 LC-PUFA by omega-3 desaturases (ω3Ds). Here, we have investigated eight ω3-desaturases obtained from a cyanobacterium, plants, fungi and a lower animal species for their activities and compared their specificities for various C18, C20 and C22 ω6 PUFA substrates by transiently expressing them in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Our results showed hitherto unreported activity of many of the ω3Ds on ω6 LC-PUFA substrates leading to their conversion to ω3 LC-PUFAs. This discovery could be important in the engineering of EPA and DHA in heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | | | - James Petrie
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | | | - Surinder Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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42
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Zhou XR, Li J, Wan X, Hua W, Singh S. Harnessing Biotechnology for the Development of New Seed Lipid Traits in Brassica. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1197-1204. [PMID: 31076774 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The seed oil quality of Brassica oilseed species has been improved in the last few decades, using conventional breeding approaches. Modern biotechnology has enabled the significant development of new seed lipid traits in many oil crops. Alternation of seed lipid component with gene knockout by RNAi gene silencing, artificial microRNA or gene editing within the crop is relative straightforward. Introducing a new pathway from an exogenous source via biotechnology enables the creation of a new trait, where the biosynthetic pathway for such a new trait is not available in the host crop. This review updates the recent development of new seed lipid traits in six major Brassica species and highlights the capability of biotechnology to improve the composition of important fatty acids for both industrial and nutritional purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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43
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Safety assessment of EPA+DHA canola oil by fatty acid profile comparison to various edible oils and fat-containing foods and a 28-day repeated dose toxicity study in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 124:168-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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Wayne LL, Gachotte DJ, Walsh TA. Transgenic and Genome Editing Approaches for Modifying Plant Oils. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1864:367-394. [PMID: 30415347 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8778-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are important for human and animal nutrition and as renewable resources for chemical feedstocks. We provide an overview of transgenic and genome editing approaches for modifying plant oils, describing useful model and crop systems and different strategies for transgenic modifications. We also describe new genome editing approaches that are beginning to be applied to oilseed plants and crops. These approaches are illustrated with examples for modifying the nutritional quality of vegetable oils by altering fatty acid desaturation, producing non-native fatty acids in oilseeds, and enhancing the overall accumulation of oil in seeds and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Wayne
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Johnston, IA, USA.
| | - Daniel J Gachotte
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Terence A Walsh
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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45
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Ogwu MC. Lifelong Consumption of Plant-Based GM Foods. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND HUMAN HEALTH CHALLENGES 2019. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7635-8.ch008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) crops are cultivated in over 30 countries with their products and by-products imported by over 60 countries. This chapter seeks to highlight general concerns and potential lifelong effects of consuming GM plant-based food. The consumption of GM plant-based food is as risky as consuming conventional plant-based food. However, the alien genes in these products may be unstable leading to antinutritional and unintended short-term consequences. Due to the paucity of research, no long-term effects have been attributed to the lifelong consumption of these products. Nonetheless, possible lifelong health and socioeconomic effects may result from outcrossing of genes, increasing antibiotic resistance, development of new diseases, as well as potential effects on the environment and biodiversity. Biotechnology companies need to invest more in interdisciplinary research addressing the potential lifelong effects of these products. Although GM foods are safe for consumption, clarification of current risks and lifelong effects are required.
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46
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Sutherland WJ, Broad S, Butchart SH, Clarke SJ, Collins AM, Dicks LV, Doran H, Esmail N, Fleishman E, Frost N, Gaston KJ, Gibbons DW, Hughes AC, Jiang Z, Kelman R, LeAnstey B, le Roux X, Lickorish FA, Monk KA, Mortimer D, Pearce-Higgins JW, Peck LS, Pettorelli N, Pretty J, Seymour CL, Spalding MD, Wentworth J, Ockendon N. A Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation in 2019. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:83-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Faure JD, Napier JA. Europe's first and last field trial of gene-edited plants? eLife 2018; 7:42379. [PMID: 30558714 PMCID: PMC6298765 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
On 5 June this year the first field trial of a CRISPR-Cas-9 gene-edited crop began at Rothamsted Research in the UK, having been approved by the UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs. However, in late July 2018, after the trial had started, the European Court of Justice ruled that techniques such as gene editing fall within the European Union’s 2001 GMO directive, meaning that our gene-edited Camelina plants should be considered as genetically modified (GM). Here we describe our experience of running this trial and the legal transformation of our plants. We also consider the future of European plant research using gene-editing techniques, which now fall under the burden of GM regulation, and how this will likely impede translation of publicly funded basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Denis Faure
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
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48
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Bowen KJ, Richter CK, Skulas-Ray AC, Mozaffarian D, Kris-Etherton PM. Projected Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acid Intake Post-Replacement of Vegetables Oils with Stearidonic Acid-Modified Varieties: Results from a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2008 Analysis. Lipids 2018; 53:961-970. [PMID: 30536415 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake is well below the amount recommended by the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (0.25 g/day), supporting the need for alternative dietary sources. Stearidonic acid (SDA)-enriched soybeans were bioengineered to endogenously synthesize SDA, which can be readily metabolized to EPA in humans; thus, incorporating the derived SDA-enriched soybean oil into the food supply is a potential strategy to increase EPA. We performed a dietary modeling exercise using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2008 repeat 24-h dietary recall data (n = 24,621) to estimate the potential contribution of SDA-enriched oils to total long-chain n-3 fatty acid intake (defined as EPA + DHA + EPA-equivalents) following two hypothetical scenarios: (1) replacement of regular soybean oil with SDA soybean oil and (2) replacement of four common vegetable oils (corn, canola, cottonseed, and soybean) with respective SDA-modified varieties. Estimated median daily intakes increased from 0.11 to 0.16 g/day post-replacement of regular soybean oil with SDA-modified soybean oil, and to 0.21 g/day post-replacement of four oils with SDA-modified oil; the corresponding mean intakes were 0.17, 0.27, and 0.44 g/day, respectively. The percent of the population who met the 0.25 g/day recommendation increased from at least 10% to at least 30% and 40% in scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. Additional strategies are needed to ensure the majority of the US population achieve EPA and DHA recommendations, and should be assessed using methods designed to estimate the distribution of usual intake of these episodically consumed nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J Bowen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chesney K Richter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1177 E. 4th St, 309 Shantz Bldg., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ann C Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1177 E. 4th St, 309 Shantz Bldg., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Arizona Center on Aging, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell, PO Box 245027, Tucson, AZ 85724-5027, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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49
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Ledesma-Amaro R, Jiménez A, Revuelta JL. Pathway Grafting for Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Production in Ashbya gossypii through Golden Gate Rapid Assembly. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:2340-2347. [PMID: 30261136 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a Golden Gate assembly system adapted for the rapid genomic engineering of the industrial fungus Ashbya gossypii. This biocatalyst is an excellent biotechnological chassis for synthetic biology applications and is currently used for the industrial production of riboflavin. Other bioprocesses such as the production of folic acid, nucleosides, amino acids and biolipids have been recently reported in A. gossypii. In this work, an efficient assembly system for the expression of heterologous complex pathways has been designed. The expression platform comprises interchangeable DNA modules, which provides flexibility for the use of different loci for integration, selection markers and regulatory sequences. The functionality of the system has been applied to engineer strains able to synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (up to 35% of total fatty acids). The production of the industrially relevant arachidonic, eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acids remarks the potential of A. gossypii to produce these functional lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Luis Revuelta
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
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50
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Malik MR, Tang J, Sharma N, Burkitt C, Ji Y, Mykytyshyn M, Bohmert-Tatarev K, Peoples O, Snell KD. Camelina sativa, an oilseed at the nexus between model system and commercial crop. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1367-1381. [PMID: 29881973 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid assessment of metabolic engineering strategies in plants is aided by crops that provide simple, high throughput transformation systems, a sequenced genome, and the ability to evaluate the resulting plants in field trials. Camelina sativa provides all of these attributes in a robust oilseed platform. The ability to perform field evaluation of Camelina is a useful, and in some studies essential benefit that allows researchers to evaluate how traits perform outside the strictly controlled conditions of a greenhouse. In the field the plants are subjected to higher light intensities, seasonal diurnal variations in temperature and light, competition for nutrients, and watering regimes dictated by natural weather patterns, all which may affect trait performance. There are difficulties associated with the use of Camelina. The current genetic resources available for Camelina pale in comparison to those developed for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana; however, the sequence similarity of the Arabidopsis and Camelina genomes often allows the use of Arabidopsis as a reference when additional information is needed. Camelina's genome, an allohexaploid, is more complex than other model crops, but the diploid inheritance of its three subgenomes is straightforward. The need to navigate three copies of each gene in genome editing or mutagenesis experiments adds some complexity but also provides advantages for gene dosage experiments. The ability to quickly engineer Camelina with novel traits, advance generations, and bulk up homozygous lines for small-scale field tests in less than a year, in our opinion, far outweighs the complexities associated with the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna R Malik
- Metabolix Oilseeds, Inc., 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Jihong Tang
- Yield10 Bioscience, Inc., 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
| | - Nirmala Sharma
- Metabolix Oilseeds, Inc., 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Claire Burkitt
- Metabolix Oilseeds, Inc., 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Metabolix Oilseeds, Inc., 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Marie Mykytyshyn
- Metabolix Oilseeds, Inc., 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | | | - Oliver Peoples
- Yield10 Bioscience, Inc., 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
| | - Kristi D Snell
- Yield10 Bioscience, Inc., 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA.
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