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Wismayer R, Kiwanuka J, Wabinga H, Odida M. Colorectal adenocarcinoma in Uganda: are right-sided and left-sided colon cancers two distinct disease entities? World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:215. [PMID: 37480083 PMCID: PMC10362740 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Western countries, right-sided colon cancers (RSCC) present at an older age and advanced stage. Researchers believe that there is a difference between left-sided colon cancer (LSCC) and RSCC. In Uganda, however, it is unknown whether differences exist in the pathological profile between RSCC and LSCC. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in clinicopathological characteristics between RSCC and LSCC in Ugandan patients. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted in which colorectal adenocarcinoma formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) blocks were obtained from 2008 to 2021. Colorectal specimens were obtained from prospectively recruited patients. In the retrospective study arm, FFPE blocks and data were obtained from the archives of pathology laboratory repositories. Parameters studied included age, sex, location of the tumour, grade, stage, lymphovascular (LVI) status, and histopathological subtype between LSCC and RSCC. RESULTS Patients with RSCC were not older than those with LSCC (mean age, 56.3 years vs 53.5 years; p = 0.170). There was no difference in the stage between RSCC and LSCC. Poorly differentiated tumours were more commonly found in RSCC than in LSCC (18.7% vs 10.1%; p = 0.038). Moderately and poorly differentiated colonic tumours were more common with RSCC (89.3%) than with LSCC (75.1%) (p = 0.007). Younger patients had more poorly differentiated tumours than older patients (19.6% versus 8.6%; p = 0.002). LVI was more common with RSCC than with LSCC (96.8% vs 85.3%; p = 0.014). Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) was more common with RSCC (15.8%) compared with LSCC (8.5%) (p = 0.056) although statistical significance was borderline. CONCLUSIONS Clinicopathological features of RSCCs tend to be different from those of LSCCs. RSCCs tend to be associated with MAC, a higher grade and LVI status compared to LSCC. LSCC and RSCC present predominantly with an advanced stage; therefore, national screening programmes for the early detection of CRC are necessary to reduce mortality in our Ugandan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wismayer
- Department of Surgery, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda.
- Department of Surgery, Habib Medical School, IUIU University, Kampala, Uganda.
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Julius Kiwanuka
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henry Wabinga
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael Odida
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
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Cao Y, Deng S, Yan L, Gu J, Mao F, Xue Y, Qin L, Jiang Z, Cai W, Zheng C, Nie X, Liu H, Sun Z, Shang F, Tao K, Wang J, Wu K, Zhu B, Cai K. The Prognostic Significance of RIMKLB and Related Immune Infiltrates in Colorectal Cancers. Front Genet 2022; 13:818994. [PMID: 35444692 PMCID: PMC9015428 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.818994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RimK-like family member B (RIMKLB) is an enzyme that post-translationally modulates ribosomal protein S6, which can affect the development of immune cells. Some studies have suggested its role in tumor progression. However, the relationships among RIMKLB expression, survival outcomes, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unknown. Therefore, we analyzed RIMKLB expression levels in CRC and normal tissues and investigated the correlations between RIMKLB and TIICs as well as the impact of RIMKLB expression on clinical prognosis in CRC using multiple databases, including the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), PrognoScan, and UALCAN databases. Enrichment analysis was conducted with the cluster Profiler package in R software to explore the RIMKLB-related biological processes involved in CRC. The RIMKLB expression was significantly decreased in CRC compared to normal tissues, and correlated with histology, stage, lymphatic metastasis, and tumor status (p < 0.05). Patients with CRC with high expression of RIMKLB showed poorer overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.5,p = 0.00,042), and inferior disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.9,p = 0.19) than those with low expression of RIMKLB. TIMER analysis indicated that RIMKLB transcription was closely related with several TIICs, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), monocytes, neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and subsets of T cells. Moreover, the expression of RIMKLB showed significant positive correlations with infiltrating levels of PD1 (r = 0.223, p = 1.31e-06; r = 0.249, p = 1.25e-03), PDL1 (r = 0.223, p = 6.03e-07; r = 0.41, p = 5.45e-08), and CTLA4 (r = 0.325, p = 9.68e-13; r = 0.41, p = 5.45e-08) in colon and rectum cancer, respectively. Enrichment analysis showed that the RIMKLB expression was positively related to extracellular matrix and immune inflammation-related pathways. In conclusion, RIMKLB expression is associated with survival outcomes and TIICs levels in patients with CRC, and therefore, might be a potential novel prognostic biomarker that reflects the immune infiltration status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghe Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lizhao Yan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junnan Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuwei Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengxing Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentai Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Zheng
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu Nie
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuolun Sun
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou0, China
| | - Fumei Shang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medcial College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailin Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Seeber A, Battaglin F, Zimmer K, Kocher F, Baca Y, Xiu J, Spizzo G, Novotny-Diermayr V, Rieder D, Puccini A, Swensen J, Ellis M, Goldberg RM, Grothey A, Shields AF, Marshall JL, Weinberg BA, Sackstein PE, Hon Lim K, San Tan G, Nabhan C, Korn WM, Amann A, Trajanoski Z, Berger MD, Lou E, Wolf D, Lenz HJ. Comprehensive analysis of R-spondin fusions and RNF43 mutations implicate novel therapeutic options in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1863-1870. [PMID: 35254413 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gene fusions involving R-spondin (RSPOfp) and RNF43 mutations have been shown to drive Wnt-dependent tumor initiation in colorectal cancer (CRC). Herein, we aimed to characterize the molecular features of RSPOfp/RNF43 mutated (mut) compared to wildtype CRCs to gain insights into potential rationales for therapeutic strategies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A discovery cohort was classified for RSPOfp/RNF43 status using DNA/RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. An independent cohort was used to validate our findings. RESULTS The discovery cohort consisted of 7,245 CRC samples. RSPOfp and RNF43 mutations were detected in 1.3% (n=94) and 6.1% (n=443) of cases. We found 5 RSPO fusion events that had not previously been reported (e.g. IFNGR1-RSPO3). RNF43-mut tumors were associated with right-sided primary tumors. No RSPOfp tumors had RNF43 mutations. In comparison to wildtype CRCs, RSPOfp tumors were characterized by a higher frequency of BRAF, BMPR1A and SMAD4 mutations. APC mutations were observed in only a minority of RSPOfp-positive compared to wildtype cases (4.4 vs. 81.4%). Regarding RNF43 mutations, a higher rate of KMT2D and BRAF mutations were detectable compared to wildtype samples. While RNF43 mutations were associated with a microsatellite instability (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) phenotype (64.3%), and a TMB {greater than or equal to}10 mt/Mb (65.8%), RSPOfp was not associated with MSI-H/dMMR. The validation cohort replicated our genetic findings. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest series of RSPOfp/RNF43-mut CRCs reported to date. Comprehensive molecular analyses asserted the unique molecular landscape associated with RSPO/RNF43 and suggested potential alternative strategies to overcome the low clinical impact of Wnt-targeted agents and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Battaglin
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kai Zimmer
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Yasmine Baca
- Caris Life Sciences (United States), Phoenix, United States
| | - Joanne Xiu
- Caris Life Sciences (United States), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Gilbert Spizzo
- Department of Internale Medicine, Oncologic Day Hospital, Bressanone-Brixen, South Tyrol, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Puccini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy, Italy
| | | | - Michelle Ellis
- Caris Life Sciences (United States), Phoenix, United States
| | - Richard M Goldberg
- The West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Axel Grothey
- West Cancer Center, Germantown, TN, Germantown, TN, United States
| | | | | | - Benjamin A Weinberg
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Paul E Sackstein
- Ruesch Center for The Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, United States
| | - Kiat Hon Lim
- Translational Pathology centre, Department of Molecular Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Gek San Tan
- Translational Pathology centre, Department of Molecular Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chadi Nabhan
- Caris Life Sciences and College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Deerfield, United States
| | - W Michael Korn
- Caris Life Sciences (United States), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Arno Amann
- Innsbruck Medical Universtiy, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Emil Lou
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Xu J, Sun Z, Ju H, Xie E, Mu Y, Xu J, Pan S. Construction of Novel Prognostic Nomogram for Mucinous and Signet Ring Cell Colorectal Cancer Patients with a Survival Longer Than 5 Years. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2549-2573. [PMID: 35282643 PMCID: PMC8906868 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s353523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients and Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Erfu Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Mu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shiyang Pan, Tel +86 139 5181 4639, Email
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Cai G, Sun M, Li X, Zhu J. Construction and characterization of rectal cancer-related lncRNA-mRNA ceRNA network reveals prognostic biomarkers in rectal cancer. IET Syst Biol 2021; 15:192-204. [PMID: 34613665 PMCID: PMC8675822 DOI: 10.1049/syb2.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rectal cancer is an important cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. In this study, the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs/mRNAs were first identified and the correlation level between DE lncRNAs and mRNAs were calculated. The results showed that genes of highly correlated lncRNA‐mRNA pairs presented strong prognosis effects, such as GPM6A, METTL24, SCN7A, HAND2‐AS1 and PDZRN4. Then, the rectal cancer‐related lncRNA‐mRNA network was constructed based on the ceRNA theory. Topological analysis of the network revealed that the network was maintained by hub nodes and a hub subnetwork was constructed, including the hub lncRNA MIR143HG and MBNL1‐SA1. Further analysis indicated that the hub subnetwork was highly related to cancer pathways, such as ‘Focal adhesion’ and ‘Wnt signalling pathway’. Hub subnetwork also had significant prognosis capability. A closed lncRNA‐mRNA module was identified by bilateral network clustering. Genes in modules also showed high prognosis effects. Finally, a core lncRNA‐TF crosstalk network was identified to uncover the crosstalk and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs and TFs by integrating ceRNA crosstalks and TF binding affinities. Some core genes, such as MEIS1, GLI3 and HAND2‐AS1 were considered as the key regulators in tumourigenesis. Based on the authors’ comprehensive analysis, all these lncRNA‐mRNA crosstalks provided promising clues for biological prognosis of rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Cai
- Department of Integrative Medicine & Medical Oncology, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou Branch), Shengzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meifei Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine & Medical Oncology, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou Branch), Shengzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine & Medical Oncology, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou Branch), Shengzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junquan Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine & Medical Oncology, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou Branch), Shengzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Luo X, Tu Z, Chen H, Ding J. Blood lipids and risk of colon or rectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3591-3599. [PMID: 34490583 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent Mendelian randomization (MR) studies derived inconsistent results of blood lipids' effect on colorectal cancer, and whether the blood lipids' effect on colon and rectal cancer is different is still unknown. Here, we sought to answer these questions. METHODS Primarily, we employed univariable MR to explore the blood lipids' effect on colon and rectal cancer, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol and triglycerides. Then, multivariable MR was also employed to reassess each blood lipid's effect on the two cancers with adjustment of the other lipids. Reverse MR analysis was adopted to determine whether colon or rectal cancer could affect the levels of blood lipids. The Cochrane's Q value was used to evaluate the heterogeneity, and MR-PRESSO was used to appraise the pleiotropy. RESULTS Generally, we did not find any significant result between blood lipids and the colon/rectal cancer after Bonferroni correction in the univariable MR analysis. The multivariable MR analysis also obtained the same results. However, it should be noted that higher total cholesterol level might increase the risk of colon cancer (OR = 1.15 [1.01, 1.31], IVW p value = 0.029) but not rectal cancer (OR = 1.02 [0.85, 1.21], IVW p value = 0.853). Such causal relationship turned insignificant in the multivariable MR. The reverse MR analysis suggested that either colon or rectal cancer could increase the levels of blood lipids. CONCLUSION We found no association between blood lipids and risk of colon or rectal cancer, except for a positive association between total cholesterol and colon cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Luo
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenxing Tu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongquan Chen
- Department of Bone Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Cancer Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China.
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Hu H, Wu D, Liu X, Yu H, Xu J, Cai W, Huang Y, Bai R, Zhang J, Gu Y, Zheng S, Ge W. SPARCL1 exhibits different expressions in left- and right-sided colon cancer and is downregulated via DNA methylation. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1269-1282. [PMID: 34435512 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The authors previously found that SPARCL1 functions to suppress colorectal cancer metastasis. Here, the epigenetic mechanism of SPARCL1 regulation and its relationship with clinicopathological features in colon cancer were investigated. Materials & methods: SPARCL1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining in a tissue array containing 271 left-sided colon cancer samples and 257 right-sided colon cancer samples. In vivo and in vitro DNA methylation states were measured by biochemical sulfide potential assay. The transcription and DNA methylation states in cells were altered by siRNA or decitabine treatment, respectively. Cellular motility properties were compared through transwell assay. Results & conclusion: SPARCL1, mediated by its DNA methylation, may arrest colorectal carcinoma motility. Furthermore, SPARCL1 expression is higher and may have a specific prognostic value in left-sided colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanguang Hu
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences; the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dehao Wu
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences; the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xibo Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, No. 568, Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Lymphatic Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Cancer & Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junxi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen Cai
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences; the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanqin Huang
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences; the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences; the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences; the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Institute of genetics, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus of Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road No.388, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences; the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiting Ge
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences; the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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8
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Zhu L, Ling C, Xu T, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Fang C, Yang L, Zhuang W, Wang R, Ping J, Wang M. Clinicopathological Features and Survival of Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma and Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Right Colon, Left Colon, and Rectum. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609800. [PMID: 34276258 PMCID: PMC8283508 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Histological subtype plays an important role in the different clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, in previous studies, the influences of tumor locations and tumor stages have not been strictly controlled. This study focused on the assessment of the prognostic value of each histological subtype in different tumor locations and tumor stages of CRC. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973-2011) to analyze 818,229 CRC patients with different clinical and pathological features, and analyzed the prognostic value of each histological subtype. Under the condition of stratification by tumor stage, signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) presented the worst survival in each stage of right colon cancer (stage I, log-rank, p = 0.002, stages II, III, and IV, log-rank, p < 0.001), rectal cancer (RC) (log-rank, p < 0.001), and in stages II, III, and IV of left colon cancer (log-rank, p < 0.001). Multivariate survival analysis suggested SRCC subtype, male gender, age ≥ 70 years, tumor size ≥ 5 cm, stage progression, and poor differentiation were all significant factors worsening survival in CRC (p < 0.001, respectively). Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC) histological subtype proved to be an independent protective factor for the prognosis of right colon cancer (p = 0.003). Overall, in our study, the results suggested SRCC had the worst survival among the three histological subtypes of CRC. MC was associated with favorable prognosis in right colon cancer but not with other tumor locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunrun Ling
- Department of General and Pediatric Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Suining Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suining, China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yibin Second People's Hospital, Yibin, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Ping
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mojin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Guo X, Liang X, Wang Y, Cheng A, Qin C, Zhang H, Wang Z. Construction and Comprehensive Prognostic Analysis of a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network and Tumor Immune Cell Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:652601. [PMID: 34276767 PMCID: PMC8281064 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in almost all human tumors, including CRC. Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks have become hot topics in cancer research. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) have also been reported to be closely related to the survival and prognosis of CRC patients. In this study, we used the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory network combined with tumor immune cell infiltration to predict the survival and prognosis of 598 CRC patients. First, we downloaded the lncRNA, mRNA, and miRNA transcriptome data of CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and identified differentially expressed genes through “limma” package of R software. The ceRNA regulatory network was established by using the “GDCRNATools” R package. Then, univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis were performed to identify the optimal prognostic network nodes, including SRPX, UST, H19, SNHG7, hsa-miR-29b-3p, and TTYH3. Next, we analyzed the differences in 22 types of TICs between 58 normal subjects and 206 CRC patients and included memory CD4 T cells, dendritic cells and neutrophils in the construction of a prognostic model. Finally, we identified the relationship between the ceRNA prognostic model and the infiltrating immune cell prognostic model. In conclusion, we constructed two prognostic models that provide insights on the prognosis and treatment strategy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Anqi Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Zhao N, Cao Y, Yang J, Li H, Wu K, Wang J, Peng T, Cai K. Serum Tumor Markers Combined With Clinicopathological Characteristics for Predicting MMR and KRAS Status in 2279 Chinese Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:582244. [PMID: 34221952 PMCID: PMC8247475 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.582244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although serum tumor markers (STMs), clinicopathological characteristics and the status of KRAS and MMR play an important role in optimizing the treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer, their interrelationships remain largely unknown. A retrospective analysis of 2279 patients who tested for KRAS and MMR status, and STM measurements prior to treatment over the past four years was conducted. Of the 784 patients tested for KRAS and 2279 patients tested for MMR status, KRAS mutations and dMMR were identified in 276 patients (35.20%) and 177 patients (7.77%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that right colon, well and moderate differentiation and negative CA19-9 were independent predictors for KRAS mutations. The ROC curve yielded an AUC of 0.609 through the combination of these three factors. Age < 65 was an independent predictive factor for dMMR, along with tumor size > 4.6 cm, right colon, poor differentiation, harvested lymph nodes ≥ 22, no lymph node metastasis, no perineural invasion, negative CEA and positive CA72-4. When the nine criteria were used together, the AUC was 0.849. In summary, both STMs and clinicopathological characteristics were found to be significantly associated with the status of KRAS and MMR. The combination of these two factors possessed a strong predictive power for KRAS mutations and dMMR among CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailin Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Ying HQ, You XH, Liao YC, Sun F, Cheng XX. High-Grade Inflammation Attenuates Chemosensitivity and Confers to Poor Survival of Surgical Stage III CRC Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:580455. [PMID: 33968712 PMCID: PMC8103203 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.580455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Heterogeneous clinical and molecular characteristics are reported in colorectal cancer (CRC) with different tumor laterality. However, the outcome of left- and right-sided patients with stage I–III CRC and the role of chronic inflammation in survival differences between them remain unclear. Method: A prospective study including 1,181 surgical patients with stage I–III CRC was carried out to investigate the involvement of circulating fibrinogen-to-pre-albumin (Alb) ratio (FPR) and primary tumor sidedness in the clinical outcome of those patients. We further investigated the effect of FPR on adjuvant chemotherapy response and recurrence in stage III patients. Results: Our study showed that the right tumor location was significantly associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.04, adjusted HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.02–1.94) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.04, adjusted HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.01–2.38) only in the stage III disease. In these patients, T4 stage distribution (83.39 vs. 70.94%, p < 0.01) within right-sided cases was significantly higher than left-sided patients. Moreover, preoperative FPR within right-sidedness (p < 0.01), T4 stage (p < 0.05), and large cancer bulk (≥5 cm) (p < 0.05) subgroups was significantly elevated compared to their counterparts, and it was gradually rising following the increased cancer bulk (p trend < 0.01). High-FPR distribution (52.30 vs. 27.00%, p < 0.01) within right-sided patients with the stage III disease was significantly higher than that in the left-sided cases. RFS (plog−rank < 0.01) and OS (plog−rank < 0.01) of the high-FPR patients were extremely inferior to the low-FPR cases, and the significant associations were observed when they were adjusted by other confounders including primary tumor location (p < 0.01, adjusted HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.42–2.70 for RFS; p < 0.01, adjusted HR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.59–3.75 for OS). Additionally, RFS of adjuvant chemotherapy-treated high-FPR patients was superior to the patients without chemotherapy (plog−rank = 0.01) but was inferior to the low-FPR patients undergoing the treatment, especially in the 5-FU- and XELOX-treated subgroup. Conclusion: These findings indicate that chronic high-grade inflammation weakens chemotherapy efficacy and contributes to the poor prognosis of stage III surgical CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Qun Ying
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xia-Hong You
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Cui Liao
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue-Xin Cheng
- Biological Resource Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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12
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Wu HL, Tai YH, Lin SP, Yang SH, Tsou MY, Chang KY. Epidural analgesia does not impact recurrence or mortality in patients after rectal cancer resection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:913. [PMID: 33441716 PMCID: PMC7807023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between epidural analgesia and rectal cancer outcome is not fully clarified. We aimed to investigate the putative effect of epidural analgesia on the risks of recurrence and mortality after rectal tumour resection. In this monocentric cohort study, we consecutively enrolled patients with stage I-III rectal cancer who underwent tumour resection from 2005 to 2014. Patients received epidural analgesia or intravenous opioid-based analgesia for postoperative pain control. Primary endpoint was first cancer recurrence. Secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality. We collected 1282 patients in the inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses, and 237 (18.5%) used epidurals. Follow-up interval was median 46.1 months. Weighted Cox regression analysis showed the association between epidural analgesia and recurrence-free survival was non-significant (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.941, 95% CI 0.791-1.119, p = 0.491). Similarly, the association between epidural analgesia and overall survival (HR 0.997, 95% CI 0.775-1.283, p = 0.984) or cancer-specific survival (HR 1.113, 95% CI 0.826-1.501, p = 0.482) was non-significant either. For sensitivity tests, quintile stratification and stepwise forward model selection analyses showed similar results. We did not find a significant association between epidural analgesia and risk of recurrence, all-cause mortality, or cancer-specific mortality in patients with rectal cancer undergoing tumour resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ling Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-pai Rd., Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Tai
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-pai Rd., Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Lin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-pai Rd., Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yung Tsou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-pai Rd., Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yi Chang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-pai Rd., Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Pozzuto L, Silveira MN, Mendes MCS, Macedo LT, Costa FO, Martinez CAR, Coy CSR, da Cunha Júnior AD, Carvalheira JBC. Myosteatosis Differentially Affects the Prognosis of Non-Metastatic Colon and Rectal Cancer Patients: An Exploratory Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:762444. [PMID: 34858841 PMCID: PMC8632142 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.762444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Body composition performed by computed tomography (CT) impacts on cancer patients' prognoses and responses to treatment. Myosteatosis has been related to overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the independent impact of the association of myosteatosis with prognosis in colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) is still unclear. CT was performed at the L3 level to assess body composition features in 227 patients with CRC. Clinical parameters were collected. Overall survival (OS) was the primary outcome, and the secondary outcome was disease-free survival (DFS). Skeletal muscle attenuation and intramuscular adipose tissue area were associated with DFS (p = 0.003 and p = 0.011, respectively) and OS (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) in CC patients but not in RC patients. Only the skeletal muscle area was associated with better prognosis related to OS in RC patients (p = 0.009). When CC and RC were analyzed separately, myosteatosis influenced survival negatively in CC patients, worsening DFS survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-6.82; p = 0.035) and OS (HR, 5.76; 95% CI, 1.31-25.40; p = 0.021). By contrast, the presence of myosteatosis did not influence DFS (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.52-2.03; p = 0.944) or OS (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.33-1.77; p = 0.529) in RC patients. Our study revealed the interference of myosteatosis in the therapy and survival of patients with CC but not in those with RC, strengthening the value of grouping the two types of cancer in body composition analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pozzuto
- Division of Oncology, Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marina Nogueira Silveira
- Division of Oncology, Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Santos Mendes
- Division of Oncology, Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lígia Traldi Macedo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Osório Costa
- Division of Oncology, Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Real Martinez
- Division of Gatrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Saddy Rodrigues Coy
- Division of Gatrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ademar Dantas da Cunha Júnior
- Hematology and Oncology Clinics, Cancer Hospital of Cascavel, União Oeste de Estudos e Combate ao Câncer (UOPECCAN), Cascavel, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Brazil
| | - José Barreto Campello Carvalheira
- Division of Oncology, Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: José Barreto Campello Carvalheira,
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14
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Vermani L, Kumar R, Senthil Kumar N. GAPDH and PUM1: Optimal Housekeeping Genes for Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Analysis of Cancer Stem Cells and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Gene Expression in Rectal Tumors. Cureus 2020; 12:e12020. [PMID: 33457124 PMCID: PMC7797410 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The overwhelming majority of published articles have taken colon and rectal cancer as a single group, i.e., colorectal cancer, when normalizing gene expression data with housekeeping genes (HKG) in quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments though there are published reports that suggest the differential expression pattern of genes between the colon and rectal cancer groups and hence the current experiment was attempted to find out the optimal set of housekeeping genes from the list of common HKG for rectal tumor gene expression analysis. Methods The expression of five potential housekeeping genes GAPDH, RPNI, PUM1, B2M, and PMM1 was analyzed through qPCR and Bestkeeper software (http://www.wzw.tum.de/gene-quantification/bestkeeper.html) in 20 stage II-IV rectal cancer samples to check for uniformity in their expression pattern. Cancer stem cell (CSC) marker ALDH1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker (EMT) markers E cadherin, vimentin, Twist, and SNAI2 expression were evaluated in conjunction with the two optimal reference genes in 10 rectal cancers as part of validation. Results The standard deviation of the cycle threshold value of GAPDH was found the lowest at 0.65 followed by RPN1 at 0.88, PUM1 at 0.94, PMM1 at 0.94, and B2M at 1.21 when analyzed with BestKeeper software. Using GAPDH and PUM1 as the reference gene for the validation phase, rectal cancer patients with stage III/IV showed a 4.79-fold change (P=0.006) in ALDH1 expression, and an 11.76-fold change in Twist expression (P=0.003) with respect to stage II rectal tumor when normalized with GAPDH and PUM1. Conclusion GAPDH and PUM1 can be used as an optimal set of housekeeping genes for gene expression-related experiments in rectal tumors. ALDH1 and Twist were found significantly overexpressed in stage III/IV rectal tumors in comparison to stage II rectal cancer. Genes associated with cancer stem cells and EMT markers could be optimally analyzed by normalizing them with GAPDH and PUM1 as housekeeping genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Research, Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Silchar, IND
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15
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Zhong M, Xiong Y, Ye Z, Zhao J, Zhong L, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Tian L, Qiu X, Hong X. Microbial Community Profiling Distinguishes Left-Sided and Right-Sided Colon Cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:498502. [PMID: 33324571 PMCID: PMC7726112 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.498502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The difference between left- and right-sided colon cancer has become the focus of global attention, and researchers have found differences in the morbidity, molecular biological characteristics, and response to targeted drug therapy between left- and right-sided colon cancer. Therefore, the identification of more effective predictive indicators is critical for providing guidance to future clinical work. We collected samples from different colon sites and regions and analyzed the identities and distributions of differentially expressed species in the microbiota in the left and right sides of the colon to better explore the pathogenesis of colon cancer and provided a basis for individualized drug therapy. We collected samples from different regions in the body of 40 patients with colon cancer, including stool and tissues. The Subjects were classified into four groups, and this classification was mainly based on the colon cancer distribution. The microbiota composition of the left-sided and right-sided colon samples was assessed by specifically amplifying the V3-V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene from DNA extracts from the samples. These amplicons were examined by Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing. The microbial taxa in the left-sided colon samples are more abundant than those in the right-sided colon samples. The flora in the left-sided colon samples, such as Clostridium perfringens and Fusobacterium nucleatum, might be associated with VEGF expression and are more likely to promote colon cancer. The microbiota distribution in the right-sided colon samples is less invasive and harmful and particularly rich in Bifidobacterium dentium. In addition, Streptococcus, which is the target of EGFR, was found to be expressed in both the left- and right-sided colon samples but was found at a higher level in the left-sided colon samples. Additionally, the differential pathways involved in the left-sided colon samples mainly mediate DNA damage, methylation, and histone modifications, whereas those in the right-sided colon samples are dominated by DNA synthesis. The comparison of only the geographical differences revealed a significant difference in the distribution of the microbial population. The adherent microbiota composition and structural changes between the left- and right-sided colon samples might contribute to the development of colon cancer, lead to different morbidities, and further affect the prognosis of patients and their sensitivity to targeted drugs. Therefore, the identification of the differential flora in the colon could be used as an indicator for predicting the occurrence and development of colon cancer, which is also beneficial for future individualized drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yubo Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhijian Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiabao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lifeng Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuekun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lantian Tian
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingfeng Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuehui Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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16
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Moghadamnia F, Ghoraeian P, Minaeian S, Talebi A, Farsi F, Akbari A. MicroRNA Expression and Correlation with mRNA Levels of Colorectal Cancer-Related Genes. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 51:271-279. [PMID: 31102171 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as a family of non-coding RNAs, have opened a new window in cancer biology and transcriptome. It has been revealed that miRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate the gene expression and involve in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. Our aim was to examine the differential expression of miRNAs in a CRC and to correlate their expression levels with mRNA levels of CRC-related genes (K-ras, APC, p53). MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two colorectal tumor tissues from patients with newly diagnosed CRC and 72 matched normal adjacent tissues were analyzed. Relative expression of seven CRC-related miRNAs (miR-21, miR-31, miR-20a, miR-133b, and miR-145, miR-135b and let-7g) and three CRC-related genes (K-ras, APC, p53) was detected using the SYBR Green quantitative real-time PCR technique. The correlation between gene expression levels and clinicopathological features was evaluated. RESULTS Our results showed a significant difference between the two groups for the expression level of miR-21, miR-31, miR-145, and miR-20a (P < 0.001). Also, a significant difference between the two groups for the expression level of K-ras was found (P < 0.001). Further analysis revealed an inverse significant correlation between miR-145 and K-ras (R2 = 0.662, P < 0.001), while a positive correlation was observed between miR-21 and K-ras (R2 = 0.732, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Dysregulation of miRNAs and correlation with molecular signaling pathways designated a biological role for miRNAs in various cellular mechanisms underlying CRC. On the other hand, the pattern of miRNAs expression and its correlation with transcriptional status are helpful to discovery biomarkers and design therapeutics for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Moghadamnia
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Ghoraeian
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Minaeian
- Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Farsi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Colorectal Research Center, Rasoul-e- Akram Hospital, Sattarkhan Ave, Niyayesh St, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Liu H, Wei R, Li C, Zhao Z, Guan X, Yang M, Liu Z, Wang X, Jiang Z. BMI May Be a Prognostic Factor for Local Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients Treated with Long-Term Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10321-10332. [PMID: 33116887 PMCID: PMC7586017 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s268928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to develop feasible nomograms to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of the local advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and operation. Methods A total of 243 LARC patients undergoing nCRT followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) were enrolled. Preoperative clinical features and postoperative pathological characteristics were collected. A Cox regression analysis was performed, and Cox-based nomograms were developed to predict the OS and CSS. We assessed the predictive performance of the nomogram with concordance index and calibration plots. Results A total of 243 patients were included with a median follow-up period of 46 months (range from 9 to 86 months). Cox regression analysis showed that low BMI (BMI < 18.5, HR= 21.739, P < 0.05), high level of preoperative CA19-9 (HR = 3.369, P = 0.036), high ypStage (HR = 19.768, P < 0.001), positive neural invasion (HR = 4.218, P = 0.026) and no adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 5.495, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of poor OS. Age ≥70 (HR = 2.284, P <0.001), low BMI (BMI < 18.5, HR = 3.906, P < 0.05), positive preoperative CA19-9 (HR = 1.920, P = 0.012), high ypStage (HR = 5.147, P <0.001) and positive neural invasion (HR = 2.873, P = 0.022) were independent predictors of poor CSS. The predictive nomograms were developed to predict the OS and CSS with a C-index of 0.837 and 0.760. Good statistical performance on internal validation was shown by calibration plots. Conclusion In conclusion, this study demonstrated that BMI was an independent prognostic factor for OS and CSS in LARC patients treated with nCRT followed TME. A nomogram incorporating BMI, neural invasion, pre-CA19-9, ypStage, age, and adjuvant chemotherapy could be helpful to predict the OS and CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengchang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixun Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Guan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xishan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
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18
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Jiang Y, Yan X, Liu K, Shi Y, Wang C, Hu J, Li Y, Wu Q, Xiang M, Zhao R. Discovering the molecular differences between right- and left-sided colon cancer using machine learning methods. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1012. [PMID: 33076847 PMCID: PMC7574488 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the differences between left-sided colon cancer (LCC) and right-sided colon cancer (RCC) have received increasing attention due to the clinicopathological variation between them. However, some of these differences have remained unclear and conflicting results have been reported. Methods From The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we obtained RNA sequencing data and gene mutation data on 323 and 283 colon cancer patients, respectively. Differential analysis was firstly done on gene expression data and mutation data between LCC and RCC, separately. Machine learning (ML) methods were then used to select key genes or mutations as features to construct models to classify LCC and RCC patients. Finally, we conducted correlation analysis to identify the correlations between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and mutations using logistic regression (LR) models. Results We found distinct gene mutation and expression patterns between LCC and RCC patients and further selected the 30 most important mutations and 17 most important gene expression features using ML methods. The classification models created using these features classified LCC and RCC patients with high accuracy (areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.8 and 0.96 for mutation and gene expression data, respectively). The expression of PRAC1 and BRAF V600E mutation (rs113488022) were the most important feature for each model. Correlations of mutations and gene expression data were also identified using LR models. Among them, rs113488022 was found to have significance relevance to the expression of four genes, and thus should be focused on in further study. Conclusions On the basis of ML methods, we found some key molecular differences between LCC and RCC, which could differentiate these two groups of patients with high accuracy. These differences might be key factors behind the variation in clinical features between LCC and RCC and thus help to improve treatment, such as determining the appropriate therapy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Yiqing Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Changgang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Jiele Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - You Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China.
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China.
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19
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Ishizuka M, Shimizu T, Shibuya N, Takagi K, Hachiya H, Nishi Y, Suda K, Aoki T, Kubota K. Impact of Primary Tumor Location on Survival After Curative Resection in Patients with Colon Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Propensity Score-Matching Studies. Oncologist 2020; 26:196-207. [PMID: 33031622 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent retrospective subgroup analyses of patients with unresectable colon cancer (CC) receiving systemic chemotherapy have demonstrated that there is a significant difference in treatment outcome between patients with right-sided CC (RSCC) and those with left-sided CC (LSCC). However, it is impossible to divide patients with CC randomly into RSCC and LSCC groups before surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the impact of primary tumor location (PTL) on survival after curative surgery for patients with CC using propensity score-matching (PSM) studies instead of randomization. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a comprehensive electronic search of the literature up to January 2019 to identify studies that had used databases allowing comparison of postoperative survival between patients with RSCC and those with LSCC. To integrate the impact of PTL on 5-year overall survival (OS) after curative surgery, a meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to calculate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the selected PSM studies. RESULTS Five studies involving a total of 398,687 patients with CC were included in this meta-analysis. Among 205,641 patients with RSCC, 69,091 (33.6%) died during the observation period, whereas among 193,046 patients with LSCC, 63,380 (32.8%) died during the same period. These results revealed that patients with RSCC and those with LSCC had almost the same 5-year OS (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.89-1.07; p = .64; I2 = 97%). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis has demonstrated that there was no significant difference in 5-year OS between patients with RSCC and those with LSCC after curative resection. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE To integrate the impact of primary tumor location (PTL) on 5-year overall survival (OS) after curative surgery, five propensity score-matching (PSM) studies involving a total of 398,687 patients with colon cancer (CC) were included in this meta-analysis. Among 205,641 patients with right-sided CC (RSCC), 69,091 (33.6%) died during the observation period, whereas among 193,046 patients with left-sided CC (LSCC), 63,380 (32.8%) died during the same period. These results revealed that patients with RSCC and those with LSCC had almost the same 5-year OS (risk ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-1.07; p = .64; I2 = 97%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Ishizuka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Norisuke Shibuya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hachiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kotaro Suda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Taku Aoki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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20
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Gowthami J, Gururaj N, Mahalakshmi V, Sathya R, Sabarinath TR, Doss DM. Genetic predisposition and prediction protocol for epithelial neoplasms in disease-free individuals: A systematic review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:293-307. [PMID: 33456239 PMCID: PMC7802851 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_348_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial neoplasm is an important global health-care problem, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for increased life survival. Prediction of occurrence of malignancy in a disease-free individual by any means will be a great breakthrough for healthy living. Aims and Objectives The aims and objectives were to predict the genetic predisposition and propose a prediction protocol for epithelial malignancy of various systems in our body, in a disease-free individual. Methods We have searched databases both manually and electronically, published in English language in Cochrane group, Google search, MEDLINE and PubMed from 2000 to 2019. We have included all the published, peer-reviewed, narrative reviews; randomized controlled trials; case-control studies; and cohort studies and excluded the abstract-only articles and duplicates. Specific words such as "etiological factors," "pathology and mutations," "signs and symptoms," "genetics and IHC marker," and "treatment outcome" were used for the search. A total of 1032 citations were taken, and only 141 citations met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results After analyzing various articles, the etiological factors, clinical signs and symptoms, genes and the pathology involved and the commonly used blood and tissue markers were analyzed. A basic investigation strategy using immunohistochemistry markers was established. Conclusion The set of proposed biomarkers should be studied in future to predict genetic predisposition in disease-free individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gowthami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Gururaj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Mahalakshmi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Sathya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T R Sabarinath
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Daffney Mano Doss
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Escobar D, Jones R, Gao J, Sun L, Liao J, Yang GY. Unique clinicopathologic and genetic alteration features in early onset colorectal carcinoma compared with age-related colorectal carcinoma: a large cohort next generation sequence analysis. Hum Pathol 2020; 105:37-46. [PMID: 32916163 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer type in the United States. While the incidence of CRC is decreasing among an older population undergoing screening, the incidence of early-onset CRC is rising. There is a growing understanding that the molecular underpinnings of colorectal carcinoma vary by age. In this study, we report the genetic alterations and clinicopathologic features of a single-institution colorectal carcinoma cohort over a 2-year period using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach and microsatellite stability (MS) status determined by immunohistochemical staining. Forty cases were identified in an early-onset colorectal carcinoma cohort (eCRC) defined by age <40 years, and 164 cases were identified in an age-related colorectal carcinoma cohort (arCRC) defined by age >70 years. eCRC was more often-left-sided/rectal and more likely to present high rates of lymph node positivity with metastatic disease. NGS mutational analysis revealed distinct differences between eCRC and arCRC, with eCRC being characterized by low frequency of PIK3CA mutations, elevated frequency of KRAS and CTNNB1 mutations in microsatellite instability high tumors, and very low frequency of BRAF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Escobar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Ryan Jones
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Juehua Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Leyu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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22
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Wallace K, Li H, Paulos CM, Lewin DN, Alekseyenko AV. Racial disparity in survival of patients diagnosed with early-onset colorectal cancer. COLORECTAL CANCER 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/crc-2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Survival is reduced in African–Americans (AAs) diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC), especially in those <50 years old, when compared with Caucasian Americans (CAs). Yet, the role of clinicopathologic features of CRCs on racial differences in survival needs further study. Materials & methods: Over 1000 individuals (CA 709, AA 320) diagnosed with CRC were studied for survival via the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis based on race and risk of death in two age groups (<50 or 50+). Results: Risk of death for younger AAs (<50) was elevated compared with younger CAs (hazard ratio [HR] 1.98 [1.26–3.09]). Yet no racial differences in survival was observed in older cohort (50+ years), HR 1.07 (0.88–1.31); p for interaction = 0.01. In younger AAs versus CAs only, colonic location attenuated the risk of death. Conclusion: The tumor location and histology influence the poorer survival observed in younger AAs suggesting these may also influence treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Wallace
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - David N Lewin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- The Biomedical Informatics Center & Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine; & Department of Healthcare Leadership & Management, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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23
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Nishimura J, Hasegawa J, Noura S, Ikeda K, Yasui M, Komori T, Tsujie M, Yasumasa K, Shingai T, Uemura M, Hata T, Matsuda C, Mizushima T, Ikeda M, Doki Y, Mori M. Adjuvant Chemotherapy after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Long-term Outcomes of CAPOX Plus Bevacizumab Followed by TME for High-risk Localized Rectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF THE ANUS RECTUM AND COLON 2020; 4:108-113. [PMID: 32743112 PMCID: PMC7390618 DOI: 10.23922/jarc.2019-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We previously reported the feasibility of neoadjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin plus bevacizumab as a treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (UMIN000003219). The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic relevance of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by total mesorectal resection (TME). Methods: Twenty-five patients of our prior multicenter prospective study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by TME enrolled to this study. We analyzed the adjuvant chemotherapy regimen, and the duration between surgery and initial chemotherapy treatment. Five-year progression-free survival and overall survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Among survivors, the median follow-up time was 66 months. Recurrence occurred in six patients, all of whom had suboptimal tumor regression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Five patients died from other causes. The rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis was 17.4% and 8.7%, respectively. Five-year progression-free survival was 70.0%, and 5 year overall survival was 84.0%. Conclusions: We report the long-term survival of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy without radiation followed by TME, revealing a generally favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shingo Noura
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Japan
| | - Kimimasa Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Minoh City Hospital, Minoh, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takamichi Komori
- Department of Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Tsujie
- Department of Surgery, Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Keigo Yasumasa
- Department of Surgery, JCHO Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Taishi Hata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Chu Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Masataka Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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24
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Kanno H, Miyoshi H, Yoshida N, Sudo T, Nakashima K, Takeuchi M, Nomura Y, Seto M, Hisaka T, Tanaka H, Okuda K, Akagi Y, Ohshima K. Differences in the immunosurveillance pattern associated with DNA mismatch repair status between right-sided and left-sided colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3032-3044. [PMID: 32449240 PMCID: PMC7419035 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor location and immunity play important roles in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the differences in the immunosurveillance pattern between right‐ and left‐sided CRC and analyze their association with clinicopathologic features, including mismatch repair (MMR) status. We included surgically resected stage II/III CRC cases and evaluated the immunohistochemical findings of HLA class I, HLA class II, programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), PD‐1, CTLA‐4, CD3, CD4, CD8, TIA‐1, T‐bet, GATA3, RORγT, Foxp3, and CD163. A total of 117 patients were included in the analyses; of these, 30 and 87 had right‐ and left‐sided cancer, respectively. Tumor immunity varied according to the tumor location in the overall cohort. Analysis of the tumors excluding those with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency also revealed that tumor immunity differed according to the tumor location. In right‐sided colon cancer (CC), high expression of Foxp3 (P = .0055) and TIA‐1 (P = .0396) were associated with significantly better disease‐free survival (DFS). High CD8 (P = .0808) and CD3 (P = .0863) expression tended to have better DFS. Furthermore, in left‐sided CRC, only high PD‐L1 expression in the stroma (P = .0426) was associated with better DFS. In multivariate analysis, high Foxp3 expression in right‐sided CC was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio, 7.6445; 95% confidence interval, 1.2091‐150.35; P = .0284). In conclusion, the immunosurveillance pattern differs between right‐ and left‐sided CRC, even after adjusting for MMR deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kanno
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sudo
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Nakashima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mai Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoriko Nomura
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masao Seto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toru Hisaka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koji Okuda
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshito Akagi
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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25
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Chen J, Zhou L, Gao J, Lu T, Wang J, Wu H, Liang Z. Clinicopathological Characteristics and Mutation Spectrum of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma With Mucinous Component in a Chinese Cohort: Comparison With Classical Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:917. [PMID: 32582557 PMCID: PMC7296099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal adenocarcinoma with mucinous component (AWMC) is a special entity of colorectal cancer. The study is aimed at analyzing the clinicopathological characteristics, mutation spectrum, and prognosis of AWMC and comparing it with classical adenocarcinoma (AC) in a Chinese cohort. Methods: One hundred eight AMWC and 204 AC patients were included. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. AWMC was further divided into two groups: AWMC with signet ring cell component and AWMC without signet ring cell component. Clinicopathological features, mismatch repair protein (MMR) status, genetic alterations, and survival outcomes were analyzed after tumor location was taken into consideration. Results: AWMC had larger tumor size (p = 0.014) and showed predilection for proximal colon (p < 0.001) compared with AC. Regardless of primary sites, AWMC was associated with less metastasis (p < 0.001) and earlier AJCC stage (p < 0.001). Mismatch repair protein deficiency (dMMR) was more commonly detected in AWMC than in AC for right-sided colon (p < 0.001), but the difference was not significant for left-sided colon (p = 0.081). The five most commonly mutated genes in AWMC were KRAS (45.4%), TP53 (39.8%), APC (22.2%), PIK3CA (22.2%), and SMAD4 (10.2%). AWMC showed a significantly lower mutation rate of TP53 than AC, both in right-sided colon and in left-sided colon (p < 0.001 and p = 0.033, respectively). In left-sided colon, AWMC with signet ring cell component had a significantly smaller size than tumors with signet ring cell component (p = 0.034). No dMMR cases were detected in AWMC with signet ring cell component (n = 7). Moreover, AWMC with signet ring cell component had a significantly lower KRAS mutation rate than AWMC without signet ring cell component, both in right-sided colon and in left-sided colon (p = 0.036 and p = 0.012, respectively). The disease-specific survival (DSS) for AWMC and AC were not statistically different (p = 0.0587). Multivariate analysis showed that AWMC was not an independent predictor of prognosis. Conclusion: Regardless of primary sites, AWMC demonstrates less metastasis, earlier stages, more frequent dMMR, and lower TP53 mutation rate than AC. Our results indicate that different molecular pathogenesis might underlie mucinous morphology in colorectal carcinoma. Mucinous component is not an independent factor of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingci Chen
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liangrui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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26
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Kim HI, Kim SY, Yu JE, Shin SJ, Roh YH, Cheong JH, Hyung WJ, Noh SH, Park CG, Lee HJ. Contrasting Prognostic Effects of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Density in Cardia and Non-cardia Gastric Adenocarcinomas. J Gastric Cancer 2020; 20:190-201. [PMID: 32596002 PMCID: PMC7311218 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2020.20.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to investigate the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in relation to tumor location within the stomach. MATERIALS AND METHODS The densities and prognostic significance of TIL subsets were evaluated in 542 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy. Immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (Foxp3), and granzyme B was performed. RESULTS Cardia cancer was associated with significantly lower densities of CD8 T-cells and higher densities of Foxp3 and granzyme B T-cells than non-cardia tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that advanced age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.023; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.006-1.040), advanced T classification (HR, 2.029; 95% CI, 1.106-3.721), lymph node metastasis (HR, 3.319; 95% CI, 1.947-5.658), low CD3 expression (HR, 0.997; 95% CI, 0.994-0.999), and a high Foxp3/CD4 ratio (HR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.001-1.012) were independent predictors of poor overall survival in cardia cancer patients. In non-cardia cancer patients, total gastrectomy (HR, 2.147; 95% CI, 1.507-3.059), advanced T classification (HR, 2.158; 95% CI, 1.425-3.266), lymph node metastasis (HR, 1.854; 95% CI, 1.250-2.750), and a low Foxp3/CD4 ratio (HR, 0.978; 95% CI, 0.959-0.997) were poor prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSIONS The densities and prognostic effects of TILs differed in relation to the location of tumors within the stomach. The contrasting prognostic effects of Foxp3/CD4 ratio in cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer patients suggests that clinicians ought to consider tumor location when determining treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
- Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Yu
- Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Ho Roh
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Hyung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Screening and Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Expressed among Left and Right Colon Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8465068. [PMID: 32420374 PMCID: PMC7201700 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8465068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the third most common malignancy globally and is further categorized as left colon adenocarcinoma (LCOAD) or right colon adenocarcinoma (RCOAD) depending on the location of the primary tumor. The therapeutic outcome and long-term prognosis for patients with COAD are less than satisfactory, and this may be associated with tumor location. Therefore, it is important to investigate the genetic differences in COAD at different sites. Patients and Methods. Public data associated with COAD were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using R software (version 3.5.3), and functional annotation of DEGs was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed, hub genes were identified and analyzed, and data mining using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was conducted. Results A total of 286 DEGs were identified between LCOAD and RCOAD. Additionally, 10 hub genes associated with COAD at different locations were screened, namely, CDKN2A, IGF1R, MDM2, SMAD3, SLC2A1, GRM5, PLCB4, FGFR1, UBE2V2, and TNFRSF10B. The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) and solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1) was significantly associated with pathological stage (P < 0.05). COAD patients with high expression levels of CDKN2A exhibited poorer overall survival (OS) times than those with low expression levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion CDKN2A expression was significantly different between LCOAD and RCOAD and was closely related to the prognosis of COAD. It is of great value for further understanding of the pathogenesis of LCOAD and RCOAD.
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Zhang Z, Wang A, Tang X, Chen Y, Tang E, Jiang H. Comparative mutational analysis of distal colon cancer with rectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1781-1788. [PMID: 32194671 PMCID: PMC7039137 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal colon and rectal cancer are associated with each other but display distinct clinical behavior; however, the genetic basis for these differences is poorly understood. In the present study, a systematic comparison of mutational profiles between 137 distal colon and 125 rectal cancer samples was performed based on the data from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Tumor mutational burden analysis showed that distal colon and rectal cancer harbored a similar burden of ~5.9 mutations/megabase, irrespective of the mismatch repair status. Comparison of significantly mutated genes between the groups determined that B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase mutations were enriched in distal colon cancer, whilst RAS and SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) mutations were significantly more frequent in rectal cancer. Furthermore, two novel and potentially targetable hotspot mutations (APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway R876* and SMAD4 R361) were identified, which were enriched in rectal cancer compared with distal colon cancer. Overall, the results of the present study showed that the mutation profiles of distal colon and rectal cancer were largely similar, but distinct in specific key genetic events, which may provide valuable information for improving the management of patients with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Aili Wang
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China.,Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China.,Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Erjiang Tang
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China.,Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Huihong Jiang
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
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29
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Chen J, Chen QL, Wang WH, Chen XL, Hu XQ, Liang ZQ, Cao YB, Cao YM, Su SB. Prognostic and predictive values of CXCL10 in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1548-1564. [PMID: 32016676 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of CXCL10 in progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been studied for years, yet results remain controversial. AIM This study aims to explore the relationship between CXCL10 and CRC progression and prognosis. METHODS We evaluated plasma CXCL10 in CRC patients using ELISA. We also performed a meta-analysis of the associations between CXCL10 and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and clinicopathological features. Finally, correlations between CXCL10 and methylation or immune infiltration were performed using TCGA data. RESULTS ELISA analysis showed that CXCL10 was associated with age, red blood cells, blood platelets, and blood urea nitrogen. A separate analysis of 3,763 patients from 24 studies revealed that there were significant associations between low CXCL10 expression and OS (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01-1.53), DFS (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.17-2.34), and RFS (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20-1.71) in CRC. Additionally, downregulated CXCL10 expression was significantly correlated with age [odds ratio (OR) 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.52], metastasis (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11-1.63), recurrence (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.16-1.83), tumor location (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.58-2.24), differentiation (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35-0.93), microsatellite instability (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.15-0.35), BRAF mutation (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.25-2.08), p53 mutation (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.16-0.47), and CIMP (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17-0.43). Furthermore, significant associations were observed between CXCL10 and methylation and immune infiltration. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that CXCL10 might be a potential target for the treatment of CRC. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03189992. Registered 4 June 2017, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03189992?term=NCT03189992&rank=1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China.,Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, 200082, China.,Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Q-L Chen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - W-H Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated Baoshan Branch, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201901, China
| | - X-L Chen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - X-Q Hu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Z-Q Liang
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Y-B Cao
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, 200082, China.,Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Y-M Cao
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, 200082, China.,Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - S-B Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Tumor sidedness influences prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis in colon cancer patients undergoing curative surgery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19892. [PMID: 31882754 PMCID: PMC6934859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate prognostic impacts of the number of lymph nodes (LNs) examined and LN ratio on cancer-specific mortality after surgery in patients with right-sided colon cancer (RCC) or left-sided colon cancer (LCC) using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Number of LNs examined and LN ratio were treated as categorical and/or continuous. Competing risks proportional hazards regressions adjusted by propensity score were performed. All included patients had stage I, II, or III disease, and 45.1% of them had RCC. RCC and LCC patients with high level of LNs examined had better prognosis after segmental resection or hemicolectomy. RCC and LCC patients with higher LN ratio had worse prognosis regardless of surgery. Survival benefit of having high level of LNs examined was observed in RCC patients with stage I, II, or III disease, but only in LCC patients with stage II disease. Both higher LN ratio and high level of LN were negative prognostic factors for cancer-specific mortality in stage III patients regardless of tumor sidedness. In conclusion, RCC patients in various conditions had worse or comparable prognosis compared to their LCC counterparts, which reflected the severity of LN metastasis.
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31
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Scherman P, Syk I, Holmberg E, Naredi P, Rizell M. Influence of primary tumour and patient factors on survival in patients undergoing curative resection and treatment for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. BJS Open 2019; 4:118-132. [PMID: 32011815 PMCID: PMC6996641 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resection of the primary tumour is a prerequisite for cure in patients with colorectal cancer, but hepatic metastasectomy has been used increasingly with curative intent. This national registry study examined prognostic factors for radically treated primary tumours, including the subgroup of patients undergoing liver metastasectomy. Methods Patients who had radical resection of primary colorectal cancer in 2009–2013 were identified in a population‐based Swedish colorectal registry and cross‐checked in a registry of liver tumours. Data on primary tumour and patient characteristics were extracted and prognostic impact was analysed. Results Radical resection was registered in 20 853 patients; in 38·7 per cent of those registered with liver metastases, surgery or ablation was performed. The age‐standardized relative 5‐year survival rate after radical resection of colorectal cancer was 80·9 (95 per cent c.i. 80·2 to 81·6) per cent, and the rate after surgery for colorectal liver metastases was 49·6 (46·0 to 53·2) per cent. Multivariable analysis identified lymph node status, multiple sites of metastasis, high ASA grade and postoperative complications after resection of the primary tumour as strong risk factors after primary resection and following subsequent liver resection or ablation. Age, sex and primary tumour location had no prognostic impact on mortality after liver resection. Conclusion Lymph node status and complications have a negative impact on outcome after both primary resection and liver surgery. Older age and female sex were underrepresented in the liver surgical cohort, but these factors did not influence prognosis significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Scherman
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - I Syk
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Holmberg
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Rizell
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Transplantation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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32
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Liu J, Tang L, Yi J, Li G, Lu Y, Xu Y, Zhao S, Mao R, Li X, Ren L, Wang K. Unique characteristics of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in a Chinese population with colorectal cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:173. [PMID: 31690257 PMCID: PMC6833289 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular characteristics of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in colorectal cancer (CRC) have been well documented in Western, but not in Chinese, populations. Methods We investigated the incidence of CIMP, BRAF/KRAS mutation, and microsatellite instability (MSI) in a Chinese population with CRC (n = 401) and analysed associations between CIMP status and clinicopathological and molecular features. Results A total of 41 cases, 310 cases, and 40 cases were classified as CIMP-high, CIMP-low, and CIMP-negative, respectively. We detected a significantly low incidence of BRAF mutation in adenomas (2%) and CRC (0.7%), and a relatively low incidence of KRAS mutation (24.9%) compared with that in other populations. We also detected a relatively low incidence of CIMP-high (10.2%), which was significantly associated with younger age (≤49 years of age), female sex, and proximal tumour location. Conclusions This study revealed unique characteristics of CIMP in a Chinese population with colorectal cancer. Developing specific CIMP markers based on unique populations or ethnic groups will further help to fully elucidate CIMP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.,Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinhua Yi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.,Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Guimei Li
- Public Technical Service Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.,Kunming Biological Diversity Regional Center of Large Apparatus and Equipments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Youwang Lu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.,Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.,Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui Mao
- School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Public Technical Service Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.,Kunming Biological Diversity Regional Center of Large Apparatus and Equipments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Reproductive Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China. .,Yunnan Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China. .,Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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Zhu Y, Bian Y, Zhang Q, Hu J, Li L, Yang M, Qian H, Yu L, Liu B, Qian X. LINC00365 promotes colorectal cancer cell progression through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1260-1272. [PMID: 31544991 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, substantial evidence established that long noncoding RNAs are serious about mediating the evolution of malignancies. In previous studies, LINC00365, which has not been reported in colorectal cancer (CRC), was selected using the bioinformatics analysis in GSE109454 and GSE41655 data sets. However, the function and mechanism of LINC00365 are still obscure. In our study, LINC00365 was found upregulated in CRC specimens and intimately connected with the prognosis of patients with CRC. In addition, LINC00365 overexpression enhances the cell abilities of proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Meanwhile, mechanistic studies showed that LINC00365 might involve in CRC cell progression by mediating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, LINC00365 upregulation increased CDK1 protein expression. In conclusion, this study suggests that LINC00365 acts as a vital part in facilitating CRC progression and might play as a therapeutic target for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yinzhu Bian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Qian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Comprehensive characterization of RAS mutations in colon and rectal cancers in old and young patients. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3722. [PMID: 31427573 PMCID: PMC6700103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasingly appreciated as a heterogeneous disease, with factors such as microsatellite instability (MSI), cancer subsite within the colon versus rectum, and age of diagnosis associated with specific disease course and therapeutic response. Activating oncogenic mutations in KRAS and NRAS are common in CRC, driving tumor progression and influencing efficacy of both cytotoxic and targeted therapies. The RAS mutational spectrum differs substantially between tumors arising from distinct tissues. Structure-function analysis of relatively common somatic RAS mutations in G12, Q61, and other codons is characterized by differing potency and modes of action. Here we show the mutational profile of KRAS, NRAS, and the less common HRAS in 13,336 CRC tumors, comparing the frequency of specific mutations based on age of diagnosis, MSI status, and colon versus rectum subsite. We identify mutation hotspots, and unexpected differences in mutation spectrum, based on these clinical parameters. Activating oncogenic mutations in KRAS and NRAS are common in colorectal cancer, which is a heterogenous disease. Here, the authors show that the RAS mutation spectrum is markedly different between colon and rectal cancer, and also different based on age of diagnosis and microsatellite instability.
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35
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Jin Y, Cheng H, Cao J, Shen W. MicroRNA 32 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and suppresses apoptosis in colon cancer cells by targeting OTU domain containing 3. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18629-18639. [PMID: 31338872 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is considered as the fourth leading reason of cancer-linked deaths worldwide. However, our knowledge about its pathogenic mechanism remains inadequate. MicroRNA 32 (miR-32), a member of small noncoding RNAs, has been found vital roles in tumorigenesis. This study studied its functions and underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer. The experiment revealed the obvious upregulation of miR-32 in colorectal cancer tissues and six cancer cell lines, compared with normal tissues and cells. Moreover, miR-32 upregulation reduced cell apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation and migration, while its downregulation displayed opposite effects. Dual luciferase reporter assays proved that miR-32 bound to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of OTU domain containing 3 (OTUD3), suggesting that miR-32 directly targeted OTUD3. Further experiments demonstrated that overexpression of miR-32 could reduce the expression level of OTUD3. Furthermore, OTUD3 silence promoted proliferation and motility and decreased apoptosis for HCT116 cells and restored partly miR-32-mediated cell proliferation, migration, and antiapoptosis for colon cancer. Therefore, our study indicated that miR-32 enhanced cell proliferation and motility abilities, and inhibited apoptosis by directly targeting OTUD3 in colon cancer cells, which implied that miR-32 was hopeful to be a biomarker or target used for diagnosis and therapy of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jiaqing Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
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Xie MZ, Li JL, Cai ZM, Li KZ, Hu BL. Impact of primary colorectal Cancer location on the KRAS status and its prognostic value. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:46. [PMID: 30917791 PMCID: PMC6437985 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-0965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) originating from the right-sided or left-sided colon is distinct clinicopathological entity. The KRAS status and its prognostic value in CRC remain controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association of KRAS status with clinicopathological features and prognostic value in CRC. METHODS 178 colon cancer and 145 rectal cancer patients were enrolled. KRAS mutation test was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor samples using PCR methods. The colon cancer was divided into right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (LCC). Studies that reported the association of KRAS mutation with CRC clinical features and prognosis in databases were searched prior to 2018. The data of the present study was combined with the data of published studies using meta-analysis methods. RESULTS No significant difference between colon cancer and rectal cancer regarding the KRAS status. The KRAS mutation was much frequent in RCC than in LCC (p = 0.010). 17 studies with 11,385 colon cancer patients were selected, the pooled results of our data and previous published data showed that KRAS mutation was more frequent in RCC compared with in LCC (p < 0.01); KRAS mutation was not associated with the prognosis in RCC patient; however, KRAS mutation indicated a poor prognosis in LCC patients compared with KRAS wild type (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION KRAS status has no difference between colon cancer and rectal cancer. KRAS mutation was more frequent in RCC than in LCC, and associated with a poor prognosis in LCC patients, but not in RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Xie
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ji-Lin Li
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zheng-Min Cai
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ke-Zhi Li
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bang-Li Hu
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Álvarez-Garcia V, Tawil Y, Wise HM, Leslie NR. Mechanisms of PTEN loss in cancer: It's all about diversity. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:66-79. [PMID: 30738865 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PTEN is a phosphatase which metabolises PIP3, the lipid product of PI 3-Kinase, directly opposing the activation of the oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling network. Accordingly, loss of function of the PTEN tumour suppressor is one of the most common events observed in many types of cancer. Although the mechanisms by which PTEN function is disrupted are diverse, the most frequently observed events are deletion of a single gene copy of PTEN and gene silencing, usually observed in tumours with little or no PTEN protein detectable by immunohistochemistry. Accordingly, with the exceptions of glioblastoma and endometrial cancer, mutations of the PTEN coding sequence are uncommon (<10%) in most types of cancer. Here we review the data relating to PTEN loss in seven common tumour types and discuss mechanisms of PTEN regulation, some of which appear to contribute to reduced PTEN protein levels in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Álvarez-Garcia
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Yasmine Tawil
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Helen M Wise
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Nicholas R Leslie
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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Park JH, Park HC, Park SC, Sohn DK, Oh JH, Kang SB, Heo SC, Kim MJ, Park JW, Jeong SY, Park KJ. Laparoscopic approach for left-sided T4 colon cancer is a safe and feasible procedure, compared to open surgery. Surg Endosc 2018; 33:2843-2849. [PMID: 30413928 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-018-6579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A laparoscopic approach can be attempted for pathologic T4 (pT4) colon cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the clinico-oncologic outcomes following laparoscopic versus open surgery for right and left-sided pT4 colon cancer. METHODS From a multicentric collaborative database, we enrolled 245 patients with right-sided colon cancer (RCC, 128 laparoscopy and 117 open) and 338 with left-sided colon cancer (LCC, 176 laparoscopy and 162 open). All patients underwent intended curative surgery for histologically proven T4 adenocarcinoma, between 2004 and 2013. The primary end-point of our analysis was the oncologic outcome, including the 5-year disease-free survival (5 year-DFS) and the 5-year overall survival (5 year-OS). The secondary end-points included the R0 resection rate and postoperative complications. RESULTS Our study group included 224 T4N0 and 359 T4N+ tumors. The median follow-up was 53 months. For patients with RCC, the rate of postoperative morbidities was lower for the laparoscopy than that for the open surgery group (12.5 vs. 22.2%, p = 0.044). There was no difference in the R0 resection rate (94.5 vs. 96.6%, p = 0.425) between the groups. The 5 year-DFS and 5 year-OS rates were lower for the laparoscopy than that in the open group (48.9% vs. 59.2%, p = 0.093; 60.0% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.284, respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant. Among patients with LCC, there were no differences in the rate of postoperative complication and R0 resection (15.3 vs. 21.0%, p = 0.307; 96.0 vs. 95.7%, p = 0.875, respectively). Both groups had comparable 5 year-DFS and 5 year-OS rates (62.7% vs. 61.1%, p = 0.552; 72.0% vs. 71.8%, p = 0.611, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic surgery appears to be a safe procedure for patients with pT4 LCC, but requires careful consideration for patients with pT4 RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chul Park
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea. .,Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsan Dong-Gu, Goyang, 10408, South Korea.
| | - Sung Chan Park
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsan Dong-Gu, Goyang, 10408, South Korea
| | - Dae Kyung Sohn
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsan Dong-Gu, Goyang, 10408, South Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsan Dong-Gu, Goyang, 10408, South Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seung Chul Heo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Joo Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Brain metastases in colorectal cancer: prognostic factors and survival analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33:1517-1523. [PMID: 29943356 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-018-3107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) brain metastases (BM) are an uncommon and late event. We aim to investigate the impact of clinical factors, treatment modalities and RAS/BRAF status on the outcomes of CRC patients with BM. PATIENTS We retrospectively analysed CRC patients who developed BM in our centre between January 1997 and June 2017. Clinical factors, treatment modalities, RAS/BRAF status and survival were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients were recorded; 82% had left-sided (LS) CRC and 71% had lung metastases. Median time to BM diagnosis was 36 months (m) and 93% of patients received local treatment of BM (43% whole brain radiotherapy, 50% surgery). Right-sided (RS) CRC showed shorter time to BM, not previously described (9.3 vs 46.6 m for RS and LS CRC, respectively; HR = 4.7, p = 0.006). Median overall survival (mOS) from BM treatment was 9.5 m, better in patients who underwent surgery than those treated with radiotherapy alone (12.1 vs 4.6 m, respectively; HR = 0.3, p = 0.019) and in those without progressive metastatic extracranial disease (7.2 vs 20.9 m, for progressive and non-progressive, respectively; HR = 0.3, p = 0.056). Patients with two or more metastatic extracranial locations showed worse prognosis (5.9 vs 16.3 m, for > 2 vs 0-1, respectively; HR = 3.7, p = 0.015). RAS/BRAF status did not showed prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS Time to BM diagnosis is shorter in RS CRC. The presence of two or more metastatic extracranial locations and progressive metastatic extracranial disease at the time of BM diagnosis could be bad prognosis factors for CRC BM patients.
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Liu T, Han Z, Li H, Zhu Y, Sun Z, Zhu A. LncRNA DLEU1 contributes to colorectal cancer progression via activation of KPNA3. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:118. [PMID: 30098595 PMCID: PMC6087004 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidences show that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play essential roles in the development and progression of various malignancies. However, their functions remains poorly understood and many lncRNAs have not been defined in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated the role of DLEU1 in CRC. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of DLEU1 and survival analysis was adopted to explore the association between DLEU1 expression and the prognosis of CRC patients. CRC cells were stably transfected with lentivirus approach and cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell apoptosis, as well as tumorigenesis in nude mice were performed to assess the effects of DLEU1 in BCa. Biotin-coupled probe pull down assay, RNA immunoprecipitation and Fluorescence in situ hybridization assays were conducted to confirm the relationship between DLEU1 and SMARCA1. Results Here we revealed that DLEU1 was crucial for activation of KPNA3 by recruiting SMARCA1, an essential subunit of the NURF chromatin remodeling complex, in CRC. DLEU1 was indispensible for the deposition of SMARCA1 at the promoter of KPNA3 gene. Increased expression of DLEU1 and KPNA3 was observed in human CRC tissues. And higher expression of DLEU1 or KPNA3 in patients indicates lower survival rate and poorer prognosis. DLEU1 knockdown remarkably inhibited CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo while overexpressing KPNA3 in the meantime reversed it. Conclusions Our results identify DLEU1 as a key regulator by a novel DLEU1/SMARCA1/KPNA3 axis in CRC development and progression, which may provide a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the management of CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-018-0873-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Zhiyang Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Huanyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Mulan Country People's Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuekun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ziquan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Anlong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Sun YB, Dong JC, Xia H, Yuan XM, Jiang KT. Difference between right and left colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1360-1363. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i22.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors around the world. The incidence of CRC has increasing, but the prognosis is quite different. In recent years, the impact of tumor site on the treatment and prognosis of CRC has attracted widespread attention, and the research for differences between tumors provides a theoretical basis for precise treatment. This review aims to summarize the difference between right and left CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bin Sun
- Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Dong
- Weifang Medical College, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue-Min Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kai-Tong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, China
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Lai E, Pretta A, Impera V, Mariani S, Giampieri R, Casula L, Pusceddu V, Coni P, Fanni D, Puzzoni M, Demurtas L, Ziranu P, Faa G, Scartozzi M. BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer, a different breed evolving. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:499-512. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1470928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lai
- Medical Oncology, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Pretta
- Medical Oncology, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valentino Impera
- Medical Oncology, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giampieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Casula
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Pusceddu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Coni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Demurtas
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pina Ziranu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Ottaiano A, De Stefano A, Capozzi M, Nappi A, De Divitiis C, Romano C, Silvestro L, Cassata A, Casaretti R, Tafuto S, Caraglia M, Berretta M, Nasti G, Avallone A. First Biologic Drug in the Treatment of RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Anti-EGFR or Bevacizumab? Results From a Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:441. [PMID: 29773991 PMCID: PMC5943532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We performed a meta-analysis in order to analyze and quantify the effect on survival of starting therapy in RAS wild-type (wt) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with anti-EGFR agents or bevacizumab. Patients and Methods: Randomized, phase II or III, clinical trials reporting overall survival (OS) in RAS wt mCRC patients treated with first-line chemotherapy (CT) associated with bevacizumab or anti-EGFR agents were selected. The primary end-point of this meta-analysis was OS; findings were depicted in classical Forest plots. Results: Seven studies met the criteria for meta-analysis including 3,805 patients. The pooled second-line cross-over rate to bevacizumab was 36.6%, to anti-EGFR 33.2%. Only one study was selected reporting comparison between CT vs. CT plus bevacizumab in RAS wt patients with a HR of 1.13 in favor of CT (CI: 0.89–1.43, p = 0.317). The pooled HRs were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.79–1.00) for CT plus anti-EGFR vs. CT and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.71–0.92) in favor of CT plus anti-EGFR vs. CT plus bevacizumab. Subgroup analysis showed a positive prognostic impact of starting CT plus anti-EGFR in left colon cancer (pooled HR: 0.70; CI: 0.54–0.85) while a positive trend of starting CT plus bevacizumab was observed in right colon cancer (pooled HR: 1.29; CI: 0.81–1.77). Conclusions: This meta-analysis shows that starting therapy in RAS wt mCRC patients with an anti-EGFR agent improves OS when the primary tumor location is in the left colon but a strong limitation of previous studies is the very low rate of biologic drug therapy cross-over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli "G. Pascale" IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso De Stefano
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli "G. Pascale" IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Capozzi
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli "G. Pascale" IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Nappi
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli "G. Pascale" IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara De Divitiis
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli "G. Pascale" IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli "G. Pascale" IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Silvestro
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli "G. Pascale" IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Cassata
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli "G. Pascale" IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossana Casaretti
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli "G. Pascale" IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tafuto
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli "G. Pascale" IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli "G. Pascale" IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli "G. Pascale" IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy
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Abdel-Rahman O. Challenging a dogma: five-year survival does not equal cure in all colorectal cancer patients. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017; 18:187-192. [PMID: 29168934 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1409625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study tried to evaluate the factors affecting 10- to 20- years' survival among long term survivors (>5 years) of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (1988-2008) was queried through SEER*Stat program.Univariate probability of overall and cancer-specific survival was determined and the difference between groups was examined. Multivariate analysis for factors affecting overall and cancer-specific survival was also conducted. RESULTS Among node positive patients (Dukes C), 34% of the deaths beyond 5 years can be attributed to CRC; while among M1 patients, 63% of the deaths beyond 5 years can be attributed to CRC. The following factors were predictors of better overall survival in multivariate analysis: younger age, white race (versus black race), female gender, Right colon location (versus rectal location), earlier stage and surgery (P <0.0001 for all parameters). Similarly, the following factors were predictors of better cancer-specific survival in multivariate analysis: younger age, white race (versus black race), female gender, Right colon location (versus left colon and rectal locations), earlier stage and surgery (P <0.0001 for all parameters). CONCLUSION Among node positive long-term CRC survivors, more than one third of all deaths can be attributed to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdel-Rahman
- a Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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