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Khurshid A, Inayat R, Basit A, Mobarak SH, Gui SH, Liu TX. Effects of thiamethoxam on physiological and molecular responses to potato plant (Solanum tuberosum), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), and parasitoid (Aphidius gifuensis). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3000-3009. [PMID: 38312101 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve integrated pest management (IPM) performance it is essential to assess pesticide side effects on host plants, insect pests, and natural enemies. The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) is a major insect pest that attacks various crops. Aphidius gifuensis is an essential natural enemy of M. persicae that has been applied effectively in controlling M. persicae. Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid pesticide widely used against insect pests. RESULTS The current study showed the effect of thiamethoxam against Solanum tuberosum, M. persicae, and A. gefiuensis and the physiological and molecular response of the plants, aphids, and parasitoids after thiamethoxam application. Thiamethoxam affected the physical parameters of S. tuberosum and generated a variety of sublethal effects on M. persicae and A. gefiuensis, including nymph development time, adult longevity, and fertility. Our results showed that different thiamethoxam concentrations [0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 μm active ingredient (a.i.)/L] on different time durations (2, 6, and 10 days) increased the antioxidant enzyme activities SOD, POD, and CAT of S. tuberosum, M. persicae, and A. gefiuensis significantly compared with the control. Our results also showed that different thiamethoxam concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 μm a.i./L) on different time durations (2, 6, and 10 days) increased the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes of S. tuberosum, M. persicae, and A. gefiuensis compared with the control. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that using thiamethoxam at suitable concentrations and time durations for host plants and natural enemies may enhance natural control through the conservation of natural enemies by overcoming any fitness disadvantages. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rehan Inayat
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Abdul Basit
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Shun-Hua Gui
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Du L, Zhao L, Elumalai P, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Li D, Ji J, Luo J, Cui J, Gao X. Effects of sublethal fipronil exposure on cross-generational functional responses and gene expression in Binodoxys communis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32211-6. [PMID: 38296923 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The effective systemic insecticide fipronil is widely used on a variety of crops and in public spaces to control insect pests. Binodoxys communis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is the dominant natural enemy of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae), an important cotton pest, and has good efficiency in inhibiting aphid populations. The direct effects of environmental residues of sublethal fipronil doses on adult B. communis have not previously been reported. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the side effects and transcriptomic impacts of sublethal fipronil doses on B. communis. The results showed that exposure to the LC10 dose of fipronil significantly reduced the survival rate and parasitism rate of the F0 generation, but did not affect these indicators in the F1 generation. The LC25 dose did not affect the survival or parasitic rates of the F0 generation, but did significantly reduce the survival rate of F1 generation parasitoids. These results indicated that sublethal doses of fipronil affected B. communis population growth. Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in B. communis at 1 h after treatment were primarily enriched in pathways associated with fatty acid elongation, biosynthesis of fatty acids, and fatty acid metabolism. DEGs at 3 days after treatment were mainly enriched in ribosomal functions, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and tyrosine metabolism. Six DEGs (PY, ELOVL, VLCOAR, MRJP1, ELOVL AAEL008004-like, and RPL13) were selected for validation with real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. This is the first report of sublethal, trans-generational, and transcriptomic side effects of fipronil on the dominant parasitoid of A. gossypii. The results of this study show that adaptation of parasitoids to high concentrations of pesticides may be at the expense of their offspring. These findings broaden our overall understanding of the intergenerational adjustments used by insects to respond to pesticide stress and call for risk assessments of the long-term impacts and intergenerational effects of other pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingen Du
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Likang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Punniyakotti Elumalai
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China.
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Yang F, Liu B, Zhu Y, Desneux N, Liu L, Li C, Wyckhuys KA, Lu Y. Transgenic Cry1Ac + CpTI cotton does not compromise parasitoid-mediated biological control: An eight-year case study. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:240-245. [PMID: 34476893 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The on-farm deployment of genetically modified crops may negatively affect nontarget arthropods, potentially disrupting food web structure and ecosystem functions. Aphid-parasitoid interactions are well-suited to study these potential impacts in agro-ecosystems. Over the span of 8 years, we systematically compared infestation levels of the aphid Aphis gossypii, its associated parasitoid community and overall parasitism rate between transgenic Cry1Ac + CpTI cotton and nontransgenic cotton. Furthermore, we measured the impact of transgenic Cry1Ac + CpTI cotton on structural traits and interspecies interactions within quantitative aphid-parasitoid food webs. RESULTS Transgenic Cry1Ac + CpTI cotton did not affect the abundance of aphids and parasitoids, or in-field parasitism rates. Despite weak interannual variability, transgenic Cry1Ac + CpTI cotton also did not alter food web architecture or biological control services. CONCLUSIONS Our work not only elucidates the impact of transgenic Cry1Ac + CpTI cotton on different nontarget arthropods (i.e. aphids, parasitoids, hyperparasitoids) and their associated ecosystem services or disservices, but also diversifies the ecological risk assessment toolbox for transgenic insecticidal crops. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lituo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kris Ag Wyckhuys
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao MC, Cheng J, Liu S, Yuan HB. Population dynamics and species composition of maize field parasitoids attacking aphids in northeastern China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241530. [PMID: 33332420 PMCID: PMC7746195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize, Zea mays L., is the most abundant field crop in China. Aphids are the most economically damaging pest on maize, particularly in the maize agri-ecosystems of Jilin Province, northeastern China. Parasitic wasps are important natural enemies of aphids, but limited information exists about their species composition, richness and seasonal dynamics in northeastern China. In this study, the population dynamics of maize aphids and parasitoid wasps were assessed in relation to each other during the summer seasons of two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019. We selected maize fields in the Changchun, Songyuan, Huinan and Gongzhuling areas of Jilin Province. Four species of aphids were recorded from these maize fields: Rhopalosiphum padi (L), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Aphis gossypii Glover and Macrosiphum miscanthi (Takahashi). The dominant species in each of the four areas were R. maids (Filch) and R. padi in Changchun, R. padi in Songyuan, A. gossypii and R. padi in Huinan, and A.gossypii and R. padi in Gongzhuling. We delineated a species complex made up of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with maize aphids. The primary parasitoids Lysiphlebus testaceipes, Binodoxys communis and Aphelinus albipodus together formed approximately 85.3% of the parasitoid complex. Pachyneuron aphidis, Phaenoglyphis villosa, Syrphophagus taeniatus and Asaphes suspensus made up the hyperparasitoids. Of the primary parasitoids, L. testaceipes was the dominant species (81.31%). Of the hyperparasitoid group, P. villosa was the dominant species (68.42%). Parasitism rates followed the fluctuation of the aphid population. The highest parasitic rate was observed during the peak period of cotton aphids. In this paper, the occurrence dynamics and dominant species of aphids and the dynamics of parasitic natural enemies of aphids in maize fields in Jilin Province are, for the first time, systematically reported. This study provides important information for the establishment and promotion of aphid biological control in maize fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Min-Chi Zhao
- Department of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Bin Yuan
- Department of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Zhu YL, Yang F, Yao ZW, Wu YK, Liu B, Yuan HB, Lu YH. A molecular detection approach for a cotton aphid-parasitoid complex in northern China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15836. [PMID: 31676842 PMCID: PMC6825200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphid-parasitoid interactions have been widely used as a model system in research studies on the structure and functions of arthropod food web. Research on aphid-parasitoid food webs is hindered by their micromorphological characteristics and the high amount of labor associated with their development. Species-specific primers for cotton aphids and their parasitoids were designed and integrated into two multiplex PCRs and six singleplex PCRs, and all PCRs were optimized to achieve high specificity and sensitivity (100-10,000 DNA copies). One cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) as well as three primary parasitoid and seven hyperparasitoid species or genera were detected using this molecular approach. This group comprises all the primary parasitoids and 97.2-99.6% of the hyperparasitoids reported in cotton fields in northern China. A tritrophic aphid-primary parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food web was then established. The described method constitutes an efficient tool for quantitatively describing the aphid-primary parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs and assessing the efficiency of the biological control of parasitoids in cotton fields in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue-Kun Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hai-Bin Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yan-Hui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Kang ZW, Liu FH, Pang RP, Tian HG, Liu TX. Effect of Sublethal Doses of Imidacloprid on the Biological Performance of Aphid Endoparasitoid Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) and Influence on Its Related Gene Expression. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1729. [PMID: 30618780 PMCID: PMC6297876 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated pest management (IPM) strategy was developed and used in combination with pesticides and beneficial biological control agents. To further develop IPM efficiency, it is important to evaluate the side effects of pesticides on biological control agents. Aphidius gifuensis is one of the most important aphid natural enemies and has been successfully used to control Myzys persicae and other aphid species. Imidacloprid (IMD) is a popular pesticide used worldwide and is highly toxic to non-target arthropods. Here, we investigated the short-term sublethal toxicity of IMD in Aphidius gifuensis and its impact on the biological performance and gene expression of this parasitoid. We found that sublethal IMD doses had a significant negative effect on the life history traits of female A. gifuensis, including shortening the lifespan and lowering parasitic capacity. Moreover, exposure to sublethal IMD also adversely affected the response of A. gifuensis to aphid-infested plant volatiles. Based on the transcriptome analysis, we found that the exposure to sublethal IMD doses significantly affected expression of genes involved in the central nervous system, energy metabolism, olfactory, and detoxification system of A. gifuensis. RT-qPCR also revealed that short term expose to sublethal IMD doses significantly induced the gene expression of genes related to the central nervous system (nAChRa7, nAChRa9, TbH, OAR1, NFR, TYR, and DAR1), olfactory system (OR28 and IR8a1), and detoxification system (CYP49p3, CYP6a2, and POD), while it suppressed the expression of genes involved in the central nervous system (nAChRa4 and nAChRb1), olfactory system (Orco1, IR8a2, and GR1), and detoxification system (GST2). Furthermore, exposure to sublethal doses of IMD also significantly increased the activities of CarEs and POD, whereas we observed no influence on the activities of CAT, GST, and SOD. Our results indicate that sublethal IMD doses might adversely affect the biological performance of A. gifuensis by altering gene expression related to the function of olfactory, nervous, energy metabolism, and detoxification systems. Thus, how the use of pesticides directly affect insect population should be considered when used in conjunction with natural pest parasitoids in IPM strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Ping Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hong-Gang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Li J, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Li H, Pan H, Lu W, Wang D, Zhang J, Lu Y. Aphid parasitism and parasitoid diversity in cotton fields in Xinjiang, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207034. [PMID: 30408098 PMCID: PMC6224085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphids are major pests of cotton crops in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, and parasitoids are considered as important natural enemies in regulating aphid populations. However, information on aphid parasitoids in the Xinjiang cotton fields is limited, which hinders the study of aphid-parasitoid interactions and the application of conservation biological control against cotton aphids. In this study, a 3-year survey was conducted in a large geographical range that included three primary cotton planting areas in southern and northern Xinjiang. The population dynamics and the parasitism levels of an assemblage of aphids in the cotton fields were investigated along with the composition of the parasitoid community associated with these aphids. Aphid parasitization varied significantly within both years and seasons, with parasitism levels ranging from 0 to 26%, indicating that there is less effective biological control of parasitoids on aphids under field conditions. Among the primary parasitoids described, Binodoxys communis (Gahan) constituted 95.19% of the parasitoid species, followed by Praon barbatum Mackauer (3.15%), Trioxys asiaticus Telenga (1.01%) and Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall (0.65%). Significant differences were found in the composition of the primary parasitoid species between the cotton seedling period (June) and the flowering period (July-August), and two more primary aphid parasitoids were found in the seedling period. Twelve hyperparasitoid species belonging to six genera were found in our study, of which Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché), Syrphophagus species and Dendrocerus laticeps (Hedicke) were the dominant species. The composition of the hyperparasitoid community also differed significantly between the seedling and the flowering periods. The description of this parasitoid community-associated assemblage of aphids in cotton fields will facilitate the study of aphid-parasitoid interactions and promote the development of effective cotton aphid management strategies in Xinjiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization/Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuekun Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqiang Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Hongsheng Pan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization/Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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