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Raut S, Singh K, Sanghvi S, Loyo-Celis V, Varghese L, Singh E, Gururaja Rao S, Singh H. Chloride ions in health and disease. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20240029. [PMID: 38573803 PMCID: PMC11065649 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20240029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chloride is a key anion involved in cellular physiology by regulating its homeostasis and rheostatic processes. Changes in cellular Cl- concentration result in differential regulation of cellular functions such as transcription and translation, post-translation modifications, cell cycle and proliferation, cell volume, and pH levels. In intracellular compartments, Cl- modulates the function of lysosomes, mitochondria, endosomes, phagosomes, the nucleus, and the endoplasmic reticulum. In extracellular fluid (ECF), Cl- is present in blood/plasma and interstitial fluid compartments. A reduction in Cl- levels in ECF can result in cell volume contraction. Cl- is the key physiological anion and is a principal compensatory ion for the movement of the major cations such as Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Over the past 25 years, we have increased our understanding of cellular signaling mediated by Cl-, which has helped in understanding the molecular and metabolic changes observed in pathologies with altered Cl- levels. Here, we review the concentration of Cl- in various organs and cellular compartments, ion channels responsible for its transportation, and recent information on its physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K. Raut
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - Kulwinder Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - Shridhar Sanghvi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - Veronica Loyo-Celis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - Liyah Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - Ekam R. Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | | | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
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Zhang L, Lin W, Di C, Hou H, Chen H, Zhou J, Yang Q, He G. Metabolomics and Biomarkers for Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032153. [PMID: 38293949 PMCID: PMC11056137 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with serious complications. This study investigated the metabolic biomarkers associated with AF and the differences in metabolomics and associated metabolic biomarkers between paroxysmal AF (AFPA) and persistent AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma samples were prospectively collected from patients with AF and patients in sinus rhythm with negative coronary angiography. The patients were divided into 3 groups: AFPA, persistent AF, and sinus rhythm (N=54). Metabolomics (n=36) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to detect differential metabolites that were validated in a new cohort (n=18). The validated metabolites from the validation phase were further analyzed by receiver operating characteristic. Among the 36 differential metabolites detected by omics assay, 4 were successfully validated with area under the curve >0.8 (P<0.05). Bioinformatics analysis confirmed the enrichment pathways of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and carbon metabolism. Arachidonic acid was a potential biomarker of AFPA, glycolic acid and L-serine were biomarkers of AFPA and persistent AF, and palmitelaidic acid was a biomarker of AFPA. CONCLUSIONS In this metabolomics study, we detected 36 differential metabolites in AF, and 4 were validated with high sensitivity and specificity. These differential metabolites are potential biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of disease course. This study therefore provides new insights into the precision diagnosis and management of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Li Zhang
- Faculty of Graduate StudiesChengde Medical University, Chengde, China, & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Wen‐Hua Lin
- Department of Cardiology & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular HospitalTianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceTianjinChina
| | - Cheng‐Ye Di
- Department of Cardiology & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular HospitalTianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceTianjinChina
| | - Hai‐Tao Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational MedicineTianjinChina
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular HospitalTianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceTianjinChina
| | - Huan‐Xin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational MedicineTianjinChina
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular HospitalTianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceTianjinChina
| | - Jie Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational MedicineTianjinChina
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular HospitalTianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceTianjinChina
| | - Qin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational MedicineTianjinChina
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular HospitalTianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceTianjinChina
| | - Guo‐Wei He
- Faculty of Graduate StudiesChengde Medical University, Chengde, China, & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational MedicineTianjinChina
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular HospitalTianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceTianjinChina
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Jin Y, Jin W, Sun Q, Li N, Jiang M, Liu Y, Sun L. Role of the chloride channel blocker in the formation of filtering tract scars after glaucoma surgery in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:806-814. [PMID: 37452725 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Filtration surgery is commonly performed for glaucoma treatment to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP); however, scarring of the filtering bleb is the main cause of failure. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the chloride channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB) on scar formation in filtering blebs. A glaucoma filtering surgery model was generated using Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into the control and NPPB groups receiving injections of different NPPB concentrations. The IOP of all rats decreased 1-day post-surgery and gradually increased afterward. However, IOP in rats from the NPPB groups recovered more slowly than that of the control group rats. In addition, the area and survival times of filtering blebs in rats from the NPPB groups were substantially larger and longer than those in the control group. Twenty-eight days after surgery, the protein and mRNA expression of collagen I, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin in the filtering area of rats from the NPPB groups were significantly lower than that in the control group rats. Collectively, our study demonstrates that NPPB inhibits filtering bleb scar formation, maintains filtering bleb morphology and prolongs filtering bleb survival time by inhibiting the differentiation of conjunctival fibroblasts and extracellular matrix synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Weiyi Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Qiushuang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Meiling Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yinfeng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Lixia Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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Huiskes FG, Creemers EE, Brundel BJJM. Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms Driving Electropathology in Atrial Fibrillation: Deployment of RNA Sequencing and Transcriptomic Analyses. Cells 2023; 12:2242. [PMID: 37759465 PMCID: PMC10526291 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many efforts to treat atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common progressive and age-related cardiac tachyarrhythmia in the Western world, the efficacy is still suboptimal. A plausible reason for this is that current treatments are not directed at underlying molecular root causes that drive electrical conduction disorders and AF (i.e., electropathology). Insights into AF-induced transcriptomic alterations may aid in a deeper understanding of electropathology. Specifically, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) facilitates transcriptomic analyses and discovery of differences in gene expression profiles between patient groups. In the last decade, various RNA-seq studies have been conducted in atrial tissue samples of patients with AF versus controls in sinus rhythm. Identified differentially expressed molecular pathways so far include pathways related to mechanotransduction, ECM remodeling, ion channel signaling, and structural tissue organization through developmental and inflammatory signaling pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of the available human AF RNA-seq studies and highlight the molecular pathways identified. Additionally, a comparison is made between human RNA-seq findings with findings from experimental AF model systems and we discuss contrasting findings. Finally, we elaborate on new exciting RNA-seq approaches, including single-nucleotide variants, spatial transcriptomics and profiling of different populations of total RNA, small RNA and long non-coding RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabries G. Huiskes
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, VUmc, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Esther E. Creemers
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Bianca J. J. M. Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, VUmc, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Grogan A, Huang W, Brong A, Kane MA, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. Alterations in cytoskeletal and Ca 2+ cycling regulators in atria lacking the obscurin Ig58/59 module. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1085840. [PMID: 37304957 PMCID: PMC10251194 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1085840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obscurin (720-870 kDa) is a giant cytoskeletal and signaling protein that possesses both structural and regulatory functions in striated muscles. Immunoglobulin domains 58/59 (Ig58/59) of obscurin bind to a diverse set of proteins that are essential for the proper structure and function of the heart, including giant titin, novex-3, and phospholamban (PLN). Importantly, the pathophysiological significance of the Ig58/59 module has been further underscored by the discovery of several mutations within Ig58/59 that are linked to various forms of myopathy in humans. We previously generated a constitutive deletion mouse model, Obscn-ΔIg58/59, that expresses obscurin lacking Ig58/59, and characterized the effects of this deletion on cardiac morphology and function through aging. Our findings demonstrated that Obscn-ΔIg58/59 male animals develop severe arrhythmia, primarily manifesting as episodes of junctional escape and spontaneous loss of regular p-waves, reminiscent of human atrial fibrillation, accompanied by significant atrial enlargement that progresses in severity with aging. Methods and Results To comprehensively characterize the molecular alterations responsible for these pathologies, we performed proteomic and phospho-proteomic analyses in aging Obscn-ΔIg58/59 atria. Our studies revealed extensive and novel alterations in the expression and phosphorylation profile of major cytoskeletal proteins, Ca2+ regulators, and Z-disk associated protein complexes in the Obscn-ΔIg58/59 atria through aging. Discussion These studies implicate obscurin, particularly the Ig58/59 module, as an essential regulator of the Z-disk associated cytoskeleton and Ca2+ cycling in the atria and provide new molecular insights into the development of atrial fibrillation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Grogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Annie Brong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Jiang Y, Zhang X, Wei T, Qi X, Abba IA, Zhang N, Chen Y, Wang R, Shi C. Transcriptomic and ChIP-seq Integrative Analysis Identifies KDM5A-Target Genes in Cardiac Fibroblasts. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:929030. [PMID: 35845066 PMCID: PMC9283924 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.929030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological feature in cardiac remodeling. This study aimed to explore the role of KDM5A in cardiac fibrosis via bioinformatics analysis. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were harvested and cultured from 10 dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients who underwent heart transplantation. Western blotting was applied to verify that KDM5A is regulated by angiotensin II (Ang II) via the PI3k/AKT signaling pathway. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by transcriptomics. ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR were used to identify the genes bound by KDM5A. In integrative analysis, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify highly relevant gene modules. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed for the key genes in modules. The STRING database, Cytoscape, and MCODE were applied to construct the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and screen hub genes. To verify the expression of DEGs regulated by KDM5A, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed in myocardial tissue samples. Immunofluorescence verified the vimentin positivity of CFs. Ang II upregulated the expression of KDM5A in CFs via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. GO analysis of DEGs indicated that regulation of vasoconstriction, extracellular region, and calcium ion binding were enriched when KDM5A interfered with CPI or Ang II. KEGG analysis of the DEGs revealed the involvement of ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cell adhesion, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy pathways. Three hub genes (IGF1, MYH11, and TGFB3) were identified via four different algorithms. Subsequent verification in patient samples demonstrated that the hub genes, which were regulated by KDM5A, were downregulated in DCM samples. KDM5A is a key regulator in the progression of cardiac fibrosis. In this successful integrative analysis, IGF1, MYH11, and TGFB3 were determined to be coordinately expressed to participate in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital and NanKai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xianjie Qi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Isah Amir Abba
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Shi
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Sanchez de la Nava AM, Arenal Á, Fernández-Avilés F, Atienza F. Artificial Intelligence-Driven Algorithm for Drug Effect Prediction on Atrial Fibrillation: An in silico Population of Models Approach. Front Physiol 2021; 12:768468. [PMID: 34938202 PMCID: PMC8685526 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.768468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antiarrhythmic drugs are the first-line treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF), but their effect is highly dependent on the characteristics of the patient. Moreover, anatomical variability, and specifically atrial size, have also a strong influence on AF recurrence. Objective: We performed a proof-of-concept study using artificial intelligence (AI) that enabled us to identify proarrhythmic profiles based on pattern identification from in silico simulations. Methods: A population of models consisting of 127 electrophysiological profiles with a variation of nine electrophysiological variables (G Na , I NaK , G K1, G CaL , G Kur , I KCa , [Na] ext , and [K] ext and diffusion) was simulated using the Koivumaki atrial model on square planes corresponding to a normal (16 cm2) and dilated (22.5 cm2) atrium. The simple pore channel equation was used for drug implementation including three drugs (isoproterenol, flecainide, and verapamil). We analyzed the effect of every ionic channel combination to evaluate arrhythmia induction. A Random Forest algorithm was trained using the population of models and AF inducibility as input and output, respectively. The algorithm was trained with 80% of the data (N = 832) and 20% of the data was used for testing with a k-fold cross-validation (k = 5). Results: We found two electrophysiological patterns derived from the AI algorithm that was associated with proarrhythmic behavior in most of the profiles, where G K1 was identified as the most important current for classifying the proarrhythmicity of a given profile. Additionally, we found different effects of the drugs depending on the electrophysiological profile and a higher tendency of the dilated tissue to fibrillate (Small tissue: 80 profiles vs Dilated tissue: 87 profiles). Conclusion: Artificial intelligence algorithms appear as a novel tool for electrophysiological pattern identification and analysis of the effect of antiarrhythmic drugs on a heterogeneous population of patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Sanchez de la Nava
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,ITACA Institute, Universitat Politécnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Ángel Arenal
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Atienza
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Li MY, Chen HX, Hou HT, Wang J, Liu XC, Yang Q, He GW. Biomarkers and key pathways in atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease identified by multi-omics study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:393. [PMID: 33842614 PMCID: PMC8033373 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Mitral valve disease (MVD)-associated atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias with an increased risk of thromboembolic events. This study aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms and possible biomarkers for chronic AF in MVD by using multi-omics methods. Methods This prospective study enrolled patients with MVD (n=100) undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery. The patients were allocated into chronic AF and sinus rhythm (SR) groups. Plasma samples were collected preoperatively. Proteomics was performed with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to identify differential proteins (DPs) between the two groups. The selected DPs were then validated in a new cohort of patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A gas chromatography-mass spectrometer was used in the metabolomics study to identify differential metabolites (DMs). Bioinformatics analyses were performed to analyze the results. Results Among the 447 plasma proteins and 322 metabolites detected, 57 proteins and 55 metabolites, including apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II), LIM domain only protein 7 (LMO7), and vitronectin (VN) were differentially expressed between AF and SR patients. Bioinformatics analyses identified enriched pathways related to AF, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), galactose, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid metabolism. Conclusions Using integrated multi-omics technologies in MVD-associated AF patients, the present study, for the first time, revealed important signaling pathways, such as PPARα, as well as possible roles of other signaling pathways, including the RAAS and galactose metabolism to understand the molecular mechanism of MVD-associated AF. It also identified a large number of DPs and DMs. Some identified proteins and metabolites, such as ApoA-I, ApoA-II, LMO7, and VN, may be further developed as biomarkers for MVD-associated AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Li
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Drug Research and Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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9
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Insight into atrial fibrillation through analysis of the coding transcriptome in humans. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:817-826. [PMID: 32666467 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in humans, and its prevalence continues to increase because of the aging of the world population. Much still needs to be learned about the molecular pathways involved in the development and the persistence of the disease. Analysis of the transcriptome of cardiac tissue has provided valuable insight into diverse aspects of atrial remodeling, in particular concerning electrical remodeling-related to ion channels-and structural remodeling identified by dysregulation of processes linked to inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and thrombogenesis. The huge amount of data produced by these studies now represents a valuable source for the identification of novel potential therapeutic targets. In addition, the shift from cardiac tissue to peripheral blood as a substrate for transcriptome analysis revealed this strategy as a promising tool for improved diagnosis and therefore better patient care.
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10
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Larupa Santos J, Rodríguez I, S. Olesen M, Hjorth Bentzen B, Schmitt N. Investigating gene-microRNA networks in atrial fibrillation patients with mitral valve regurgitation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232719. [PMID: 32392228 PMCID: PMC7213724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is predicted to affect around 17.9 million individuals in Europe by 2060. The disease is associated with severe electrical and structural remodelling of the heart, and increased the risk of stroke and heart failure. In order to improve treatment and find new drug targets, the field needs to better comprehend the exact molecular mechanisms in these remodelling processes. OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify gene and miRNA networks involved in the remodelling of AF hearts in AF patients with mitral valve regurgitation (MVR). METHODS Total RNA was extracted from right atrial biopsies from patients undergoing surgery for mitral valve replacement or repair with AF and without history of AF to test for differentially expressed genes and miRNAs using RNA-sequencing and miRNA microarray. In silico predictions were used to construct a mRNA-miRNA network including differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs. Gene and chromosome enrichment analysis were used to identify molecular pathways and high-density AF loci. RESULTS We found 644 genes and 43 miRNAs differentially expressed in AF patients compared to controls. From these lists, we identified 905 pairs of putative miRNA-mRNA interactions, including 37 miRNAs and 295 genes. Of particular note, AF-associated miR-130b-3p, miR-338-5p and miR-208a-3p were differentially expressed in our AF tissue samples. These miRNAs are predicted regulators of several differentially expressed genes associated with cardiac conduction and fibrosis. We identified two high-density AF loci in chromosomes 14q11.2 and 6p21.3. CONCLUSIONS AF in MVR patients is associated with down-regulation of ion channel genes and up-regulation of extracellular matrix genes. Other AF related genes are dysregulated and several are predicted to be targeted by miRNAs. Our novel miRNA-mRNA regulatory network provides new insights into the mechanisms of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Larupa Santos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ismael Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Morten S. Olesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Bo Hjorth Bentzen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nicole Schmitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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He GW, Hou HT, Xuan C, Wang J, Liu LX, Zhang JF, Liu XC, Yang Q. Corrective surgery alters plasma protein profiling in congenital heart diseases and clinical perspectives. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1319-1337. [PMID: 32355544 PMCID: PMC7191161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The final goal for treatment of congenital heart diseases (CHD) is to resume not only the normal heart structure but also physiology. The present study evaluates surgical results at molecular basis on the proteomic pattern in the pre- and post-operative period in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) in order to find whether structure repair is associated with clinically important molecular changes in CHD. Differential protein analysis by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry followed by ELISA validation was performed in the plasma samples of patients with TOF (n=82) or VSD (n=82) preoperatively, 6-month postoperatively, and in normal controls (n=82). A total of 473 protein spots in preoperative patients and 515 in postoperative patients were detected. Significantly (P<0.01) downregulated or upregulated proteins were detected. Validation of proteins in the new cohort of patients demonstrated that in VSD patients, postoperative complement component C3c (P<0.05) was partially and serum amyloid P-component (P<0.05) was completely recovered. In TOF patients, postoperative gelsolin (P<0.05) was partially recovered. In contrast, the elevated fibrinogen gamma chain level (P<0.01) in preoperative patients became normal postoperatively (P=0.1 vs. control). Thus, we have for the first time by using proteomic methods demonstrated that repair surgery for CHD not only corrects the structure malformation but also resumes the normality of certain altered proteins at molecular level. Identification of the recovered or unchanged proteins may facilitate the evaluation of the surgical results and the personalized management in postoperative period and long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin, China
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou & School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu, China
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin, China
| | - Chao Xuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin, China
| | - Li-Xin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of TangshanHebei Province, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of TangshanHebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin, China
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12
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Sun L, Cui R, Meng H, Liu X, Liu X, Lu Y, Liu K, Jia L, Zheng Y. Gene Suppression of the Chloride Channel 2 Suppressed TGF-β1-Induced Proliferation, Collagen Synthesis, and Collagen Gel Contraction Mediated by Conjunctival Fibroblasts. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 64:775-784. [PMID: 32235125 DOI: 10.1159/000507632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive scarring of filtering blebs is the main cause of surgical failure in glaucoma. Previous studies have highlighted the role of chloride channels (ClCs) in scar formation, whereas the role of ClCs in scarring of filtering blebs has not been studied. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the chloride channel 2 (ClC-2) on scar formation of filtering blebs after glaucoma filtering surgery. METHODS ClC-2 siRNA-transfected human conjunctival fibroblasts (HConFs) were cultured in type 1 collagen gels in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Collagen gel contraction was evaluated based on the gel area. 3D-cultured HConFs were treated with the ClC blocker NPPB in the presence of TGF-β1, and cell proliferation collagen synthesis and contractility were measured. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in HConFs were assessed by Western blotting and qPCR. RESULTS TGF-β1 induced cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, collagen synthesis, and collagen gel contraction in HConFs. TGF-β1 increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels but inhibited the expression of TIMPs. NPPB and ClC-2 siRNA transfection inhibited TGF-β2-induced cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, collagen synthesis, and collagen gel contraction, mediated by HConFs. TGF-β2-induced increases in MMP-2 and MMP-9 were also inhibited by NPPB and ClC-2 siRNA transfection, but TIMP expression was increased by NPPB and ClC-2 siRNA transfection. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that ClC-2 ClCs modulate TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and collagen gel contraction of HConFs by attenuating MMP-2 and MMP-9 production and by stimulating TIMP1 production. NPPB may therefore prove to be of clinical value for the inhibition of scar formation of filtering blebs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Renzhe Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xiwen Liu
- Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yanbian Social Mental Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Liang Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Siping Central Hospital, Siping, China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Li XY, Hou HT, Chen HX, Liu XC, Wang J, Yang Q, He GW. Preoperative plasma biomarkers associated with atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:851-863.e3. [PMID: 32197906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures. This prospective study aimed to investigate predisposition of proteins and metabolites correlated to POAF after CABG and related cellular pathways. METHODS Preoperative plasma samples from patients undergoing CABG procedures were prospectively collected. After CABG, the patients were grouped to POAF or sinus rhythm (N = 170; n = 90 in the discovery set and n = 80 in the validation set). The plasma samples were analyzed using proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics to identify the differential proteins and differential metabolites. The correlation between differential proteins and POAF was also investigated by multivariable regression analysis and receiver operator characteristic analysis. RESULTS In the POAF(+) group, 29 differential proteins and 61 differential metabolites were identified compared with the POAF(-) group. The analysis of integrated omics revealed that preoperative alteration of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α and glutathione metabolism pathways increased the susceptibility of POAF after CABG. There was a correlation between plasma levels of apolipoprotein-C3, phospholipid transfer protein, glutathione peroxidase 3, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and POAF. CONCLUSIONS The present study for first time at multi-omics levels explored the mechanism of POAF and validated the results in a new cohort of patients, suggesting preexisting differential proteins and differential metabolites in the plasma of patients prone to POAF after CABG. Dysregulation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α and glutathione metabolism pathways related to metabolic remodeling and redox imbalance-associated electrical remodeling may play a key role in the pathogenesis of POAF. Lower plasma phospholipid transfer protein, apolipoprotein-C3, higher cholesteryl ester transfer protein and glutathione peroxidase 3 levels are linked with POAF. These proteins/metabolites may be developed as biomarkers to predict POAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ya Li
- Center for Basic Medical Research and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- Center for Basic Medical Research and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- Center for Basic Medical Research and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- Center for Basic Medical Research and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Basic Medical Research and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Center for Basic Medical Research and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- Center for Basic Medical Research and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore.
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