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Rippee-Brooks MD, Wu W, Dong J, Pappolla M, Fang X, Bao X. Viral Infections, Are They a Trigger and Risk Factor of Alzheimer's Disease? Pathogens 2024; 13:240. [PMID: 38535583 PMCID: PMC10974111 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive and debilitating condition, is reported to be the most common type of dementia, with at least 55 million people believed to be currently affected. Many causation hypotheses of AD exist, yet the intriguing link between viral infection and its possible contribution to the known etiology of AD has become an attractive focal point of research for the field and a challenging study task. In this review, we will explore the historical perspective and milestones that led the field to investigate the viral connection to AD. Specifically, several viruses such as Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), Zika virus (ZIKV), and severe cute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), along with several others mentioned, include the various viruses presently considered within the field. We delve into the strong evidence implicating these viruses in the development of AD such as the lytic replication and axonal transport of HSV-1, the various mechanisms of ZIKV neurotropism through the human protein Musashi-1 (MSI1), and the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through the transfer of the virus through the BBB endothelial cells to glial cells and then to neurons via transsynaptic transfer. We will also explore beyond these mere associations by carefully analyzing the potential mechanisms by which these viruses may contribute to AD pathology. This includes but is not limited to direct neuronal infections, the dysregulation of immune responses, and the impact on protein processing (Aβ42 and hyperphosphorylated tau). Controversies and challenges of the virus-AD relationship emerge as we tease out these potential mechanisms. Looking forward, we emphasize future directions, such as distinct questions and proposed experimentations to explore, that the field should take to tackle the remaining unanswered questions and the glaring research gaps that persist. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the past, present, and future of the potential link between viral infections and their association with AD development while encouraging further discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan D. Rippee-Brooks
- Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Wenzhe Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jianli Dong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Miguel Pappolla
- Department of Neurology and Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurology and Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
- The Institute of Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
- The Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
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Zani A, Messali S, Uggeri M, Bonfanti C, Caruso A, Caccuri F. Detection of HIV-1 matrix protein p17 in sera of viremic and aviremic patients. J Virol Methods 2024; 324:114858. [PMID: 38029970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), even if successfully treated with a combined antiretroviral therapy, display a persistent inflammation and chronic immune activation, and an increasing risk of developing cardiovascular and thrombotic events, cancers, and neurologic disorders. Accumulating evidence reveals that biologically active HIV-1 proteins may play a role in the development of these HIV-1-associated conditions. The HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) is released and accumulates in different organs and tissue where it may exert multiple biological activities on different target cells. To assess a role of p17 in different HIV-1-related pathological processes, it is central to definitively ascertain and quantitate its expression in a large number of sera obtained from HIV-1-infected (HIV-1+) patients. To this aim, we developed a specific and highly sensitive p17 capture immunoenzymatic assay. Data obtained highlight a heterogeneous expression of p17 in blood of tested patients, with patients who were negative or displayed from low to relatively high p17 blood concentrations (range from 0.05 to 7.29 nM). Moreover, we found that blood p17 concentration was totally independent from the viremic status of the patient. This finding calls for monitoring HIV-1+ patients in order to evaluate a possible correlation between p17 amount in blood and the likelihood of developing HIV-1-related pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zani
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Messali
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Uggeri
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Bonfanti
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Bollati M, Peqini K, Barone L, Natale C, Beeg M, Gobbi M, Diomede L, Trucchi M, de Rosa M, Pellegrino S. Rational Design of a Peptidomimetic Inhibitor of Gelsolin Amyloid Aggregation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213973. [PMID: 36430461 PMCID: PMC9698219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin amyloidosis (AGel) is characterized by multiple systemic and ophthalmic features resulting from pathological tissue deposition of the gelsolin (GSN) protein. To date, no cure is available for the treatment of any form of AGel. More than ten single-point substitutions in the GSN gene are responsible for the occurrence of the disease and, among them, D187N/Y is the most widespread variant. These substitutions undergo an aberrant proteolytic cascade, producing aggregation-prone peptides of 5 and 8 kDa, containing the Gelsolin Amyloidogenic Core, spanning residues 182-192 (GAC182-192). Following a structure-based approach, we designed and synthesized three novel sequence-specific peptidomimetics (LB-5, LB-6, and LB-7) built on a piperidine-pyrrolidine unnatural amino acid. LB-5 and LB-6, but not LB-7, efficiently inhibit the aggregation of the GAC182-192 amyloidogenic peptides at sub-stoichiometric concentrations. These peptidomimetics resulted also effective in vivo, in a C. elegans-based assay, in counteracting the proteotoxicity of aggregated GAC182-192. These data pave the way to a novel pharmacological strategy against AGel and also validate a toolbox exploitable in other amyloidogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bollati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (IBF-CNR), c/o Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Kaliroi Peqini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, “A. Marchesini” General and Organic Chemistry Section, University of Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Barone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, “A. Marchesini” General and Organic Chemistry Section, University of Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carmina Natale
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Marten Beeg
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Trucchi
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (IBF-CNR), c/o Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo de Rosa
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (IBF-CNR), c/o Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.d.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, “A. Marchesini” General and Organic Chemistry Section, University of Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.d.R.); (S.P.)
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McLaurin KA, Cranston MN, Li H, Mactutus CF, Harrod SB, Booze RM. Synaptic dysfunction is associated with alterations in the initiation of goal-directed behaviors: Implications for HIV-1-associated apathy. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114174. [PMID: 35863502 PMCID: PMC9990912 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exhibit an increased prevalence of neuropsychiatric comorbities (e.g., apathy) relative to their seronegative counterparts. Given the profound functional consequences associated with apathy, characterizing the multidimensional neuropsychiatric syndrome, and associated neural mechanisms, following chronic HIV-1 viral protein exposure remains a critical need. HIV-1-associated apathy was examined by quantifying goal-directed behaviors, indexed using voluntary wheel running, during the diurnal and nocturnal cycle. Apathetic behaviors in the HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rat were characterized by a profound decrease in the number of running bouts during both the diurnal and nocturnal cycle, supporting a prominent deficit in the self-initiation of spontaneous behaviors. Additionally, HIV-1 Tg animals exhibited a decreased reinforcing efficacy of voluntary wheel running during the nocturnal cycle. Following the completion of voluntary wheel running, synaptic dysfunction in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) was examined as a potential neural mechanism underlying HIV-1-associated apathy. HIV-1 Tg animals displayed prominent synaptic dysfunction in MSNs of the NAcc, characterized by enhanced dendritic branching complexity and a population shift towards an immature dendritic spine phenotype relative to control animals. Synaptic dysfunction, which accounted for 42.0% to 68.5% of the variance in the number of running bouts, was strongly associated with the self-initiation of spontaneous behaviors. Establishment of the relationship between synaptic dysfunction and apathy affords a key target for the development of novel therapeutics and cure strategies for affective alterations associated with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A McLaurin
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Michael N Cranston
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Hailong Li
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Charles F Mactutus
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Steven B Harrod
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Rosemarie M Booze
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America.
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Natale C, Barzago MM, Colnaghi L, De Luigi A, Orsini F, Fioriti L, Diomede L. A Combined Cell-Worm Approach to Search for Compounds Counteracting the Toxicity of Tau Oligomers In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11277. [PMID: 36232578 PMCID: PMC9569484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A clear relationship between the tau assemblies and toxicity has still to be established. To correlate the tau conformation with its proteotoxic effect in vivo, we developed an innovative cell-worm-based approach. HEK293 cells expressing tau P301L under a tetracycline-inducible system (HEK T-Rex) were employed to produce different tau assemblies whose proteotoxic potential was evaluated using C. elegans. Lysates from cells induced for five days significantly reduced the worm's locomotor activity. This toxic effect was not related to the total amount of tau produced by cells or to its phosphorylation state but was related to the formation of multimeric tau assemblies, particularly tetrameric ones. We investigated the applicability of this approach for testing compounds acting against oligomeric tau toxicity, using doxycycline (Doxy) as a prototype drug. Doxy affected tau solubility and promoted the disassembly of already formed toxic aggregates in lysates of cells induced for five days. These effects translated into a dose-dependent protective action in C. elegans. These findings confirm the validity of the combined HEK T-Rex cells and the C. elegans-based approach as a platform for pharmacological screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina Natale
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Monica Barzago
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Colnaghi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Ada De Luigi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Orsini
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute and Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Fioriti
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute and Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
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HIV-1 mutants expressing B cell clonogenic matrix protein p17 variants are increasing their prevalence worldwide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122050119. [PMID: 35763571 PMCID: PMC9271197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the combined antiretroviral therapy era, lymphomas still represent the most frequent cause of death in HIV-1-infected patients. We expand previous observations dealing with the prevalence of HIV-1 matrix protein p17 variants (vp17s), characterized by peculiar amino acid insertions and endowed of B cell clonogenic activity, in HIV-1 patients with lymphoma as compared with patients without lymphoma. We show that the prevalence of HIV-1 mutants expressing vp17s is increasing worldwide over time. Moreover, we describe a cluster of HIV-1 mutants expressing a B cell clonogenic vp17 and highlight that insertions can be fixed and that viruses displaying clonogenic vp17s are actively spreading. This knowledge advocates for an extensive genomic surveillance program to monitor the evolution of such mutant virions worldwide. AIDS-defining cancers declined after combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) introduction, but lymphomas are still elevated in HIV type 1 (HIV-1)–infected patients. In particular, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs) represent the majority of all AIDS-defining cancers and are the most frequent cause of death in these patients. We have recently demonstrated that amino acid (aa) insertions at the HIV-1 matrix protein p17 COOH-terminal region cause protein destabilization, leading to conformational changes. Misfolded p17 variants (vp17s) strongly impact clonogenic B cell growth properties that may contribute to B cell lymphomagenesis as suggested by the significantly higher frequency of detection of vp17s with COOH-terminal aa insertions in plasma of HIV-1–infected patients with NHL. Here, we expand our previous observations by assessing the prevalence of vp17s in large retrospective cohorts of patients with and without lymphoma. We confirm the significantly higher prevalence of vp17s in lymphoma patients than in HIV-1–infected individuals without lymphoma. Analysis of 3,990 sequences deposited between 1985 and 2017 allowed us to highlight a worldwide increasing prevalence of HIV-1 mutants expressing vp17s over time. Since genomic surveillance uncovered a cluster of HIV-1 expressing a B cell clonogenic vp17 dated from 2011 to 2019, we conclude that aa insertions can be fixed in HIV-1 and that mutant viruses displaying B cell clonogenic vp17s are actively spreading.
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Bollati M, Diomede L, Giorgino T, Natale C, Fagnani E, Boniardi I, Barbiroli A, Alemani R, Beeg M, Gobbi M, Fakin A, Mastrangelo E, Milani M, Presciuttini G, Gabellieri E, Cioni P, de Rosa M. A novel hotspot of gelsolin instability triggers an alternative mechanism of amyloid aggregation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:6355-6365. [PMID: 34938411 PMCID: PMC8649582 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin comprises six homologous domains, named G1 to G6. Single point substitutions in this protein are responsible for AGel amyloidosis, a hereditary disease causing progressive corneal lattice dystrophy, cutis laxa, and polyneuropathy. Although several different amyloidogenic variants of gelsolin have been identified, only the most common mutants present in the G2 domain have been thoroughly characterized, leading to clarification of the functional mechanism. The molecular events underlying the pathological aggregation of 3 recently identified mutations, namely A551P, E553K and M517R, all localized at the interface between G4 and G5, are here explored for the first time. Structural studies point to destabilization of the interface between G4 and G5 due to three structural determinants: β-strand breaking, steric hindrance and/or charge repulsion, all implying impairment of interdomain contacts. Such rearrangements decrease the temperature and pressure stability of gelsolin but do not alter its susceptibility to furin cleavage, the first event in the canonical aggregation pathway. These variants also have a greater tendency to aggregate in the unproteolysed forms and exhibit higher proteotoxicity in a C. elegans-based assay. Our data suggest that aggregation of G4G5 variants follows an alternative, likely proteolysis-independent, pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bollati
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Toni Giorgino
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Carmina Natale
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Fagnani
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Boniardi
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Alemani
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Marten Beeg
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Fakin
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eloise Mastrangelo
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Milani
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Edi Gabellieri
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cioni
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo de Rosa
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
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Bhargavan B, Woollard SM, McMillan JE, Kanmogne GD. CCR5 antagonist reduces HIV-induced amyloidogenesis, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and blood-brain barrier alterations in HIV-infected hu-PBL-NSG mice. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:78. [PMID: 34809709 PMCID: PMC8607567 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive impairment is present in 50% of HIV-infected individuals and is often associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-like brain pathologies, including increased amyloid-beta (Aβ) and Tau hyperphosphorylation. Here, we aimed to determine whether HIV-1 infection causes AD-like pathologies in an HIV/AIDS humanized mouse model, and whether the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc alters HIV-induced pathologies. METHODS NOD/scid-IL-2Rγcnull mice engrafted with human blood leukocytes were infected with HIV-1, left untreated or treated with maraviroc (120 mg/kg twice/day). Human cells in animal's blood were quantified weekly by flow cytometry. Animals were sacrificed at week-3 post-infection; blood and tissues viral loads were quantified using p24 antigen ELISA, RNAscope, and qPCR. Human (HLA-DR+) cells, Aβ-42, phospho-Tau, neuronal markers (MAP 2, NeuN, neurofilament-L), gamma-secretase activating protein (GSAP), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) tight junction (TJ) proteins expression and transcription were quantified in brain tissues by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and qPCR. Plasma Aβ-42, Aβ-42 cellular uptake, release and transendothelial transport were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS HIV-1 significantly decreased human (h)CD4+ T-cells and hCD4/hCD8 ratios; decreased the expression of BBB TJ proteins claudin-5, ZO-1, ZO-2; and increased HLA-DR+ cells in brain tissues. Significantly, HIV-infected animals showed increased plasma and brain Aβ-42 and phospho-Tau (threonine181, threonine231, serine396, serine199), associated with transcriptional upregulation of GSAP, an enzyme that catalyzes Aβ formation, and loss of MAP 2, NeuN, and neurofilament-L. Maraviroc treatment significantly reduced blood and brain viral loads, prevented HIV-induced loss of neuronal markers and TJ proteins; decreased HLA-DR+ cells infiltration in brain tissues, significantly reduced HIV-induced increase in Aβ-42, GSAP, and phospho-Tau. Maraviroc also reduced Aβ retention and increased Aβ release in human macrophages; decreased the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and increased low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) expression in human brain endothelial cells. Maraviroc induced Aβ transendothelial transport, which was blocked by LRP1 antagonist but not RAGE antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Maraviroc significantly reduced HIV-induced amyloidogenesis, GSAP, phospho-Tau, neurodegeneration, BBB alterations, and leukocytes infiltration into the CNS. Maraviroc increased cellular Aβ efflux and transendothelial Aβ transport via LRP1 pathways. Thus, therapeutically targeting CCR5 could reduce viremia, preserve the BBB and neurons, increased brain Aβ efflux, and reduce AD-like neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Bhargavan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800 USA
| | - Shawna M. Woollard
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800 USA
- Huvepharma, 421 W Industrial Lake Drive, Lincoln, NE 68528 USA
| | - Jo Ellyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800 USA
| | - Georgette D. Kanmogne
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800 USA
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1(HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains an important neurological manifestation in HIV-1-infected (HIV+) patients. Furthermore, the HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) detection in the central nervous system (CNS) and its ability to form toxic assemblies in the brain has been recently confirmed. Here we show for the first time using both an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model and in vivo biodistribution studies in healthy mice that p17 can cross the BBB. There is fast brain uptake with 0.35 ± 0.19% of injected activity per gram of tissue (I.A./g) two minutes after administration, followed by brain accumulation with 0.28 ± 0.09% I.A./g after 1 h. The interaction of p17 with the chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) at the surface of brain endothelial cells triggers transcytosis. The present study supports the hypothesis of a direct role of free p17 in neuronal dysfunction in HAND by demonstrating its intrinsic ability to reach the CNS. IMPORTANCE The number of patients affected by HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) ranges from 30 to 50% of HIV-infected (HIV+) patients. The mechanisms leading to HAND development need to be elucidated, but the role of secreted viral proteins, chemokines, and proinflammatory molecules appears to be clear. In particular, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a route for entry into the central nervous system (CNS) thus playing an important role in HAND. Several findings suggest a key role for the HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) as a microenvironmental factor capable of inducing neurocognitive disorders. Here we show, the ability of the p17 to cross the BBB and to reach the CNS thus playing a crucial role in neuronal dysfunction in HAND.
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Evolution toward beta common chain receptor usage links the matrix proteins of HIV-1 and its ancestors to human erythropoietin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021366118. [PMID: 33372148 PMCID: PMC7812818 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021366118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) is a pleiotropic molecule impacting on different cell types. Its interaction with many cellular proteins underlines the importance of the viral protein as a major determinant of human specific adaptation. We previously showed the proangiogenic capability of p17. Here, by integrating functional analysis and receptor binding, we identify a functional epitope that displays molecular mimicry with human erythropoietin (EPO) and promotes angiogenesis through common beta chain receptor (βCR) activation. The functional EPO-like epitope was found to be present in the matrix protein of HIV-1 ancestors SIV originated in chimpanzees (SIVcpz) and gorillas (SIVgor) but not in that of HIV-2 and its ancestor SIVsmm from sooty mangabeys. According to biological data, evolution of the EPO-like epitope showed a clear differentiation between HIV-1/SIVcpz-gor and HIV-2/SIVsmm branches, thus highlighting this epitope on p17 as a divergent signature discriminating HIV-1 and HIV-2 ancestors. P17 is known to enhance HIV-1 replication. Similarly to other βCR ligands, p17 is capable of attracting and activating HIV-1 target cells and promoting a proinflammatory microenvironment. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that acquisition of an epitope on the matrix proteins of HIV-1 ancestors capable of triggering βCR may have represented a critical step to enhance viral aggressiveness and early human-to-human SIVcpz/gor dissemination. The hypothesis that the p17/βCR interaction and βCR abnormal stimulation may also play a role in sustaining chronic activation and inflammation, thus marking the difference between HIV-1 and HIV-2 in term of pathogenicity, needs further investigation.
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Beeg M, Battocchio E, De Luigi A, Colombo L, Natale C, Cagnotto A, Corbelli A, Fiordaliso F, Diomede L, Salmona M, Gobbi M. Nonphosphorylated tau slows down Aβ 1-42 aggregation, binds to Aβ 1-42 oligomers, and reduces Aβ 1-42 toxicity. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100664. [PMID: 33865852 PMCID: PMC8113980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques accompanies the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Tangles are made of fibrillar aggregates formed by the microtubule-associated protein tau, whereas plaques comprise fibrillar forms of amyloid-beta (Aβ). Both form toxic oligomers during aggregation and are thought to interact synergistically to each promote the accumulation of the other. Recent in vitro studies have suggested that the monomeric nonphosphorylated full-length tau protein hinders the aggregation of Aβ1–40 peptide, but whether the same is true for the more aggregation-prone Aβ1–42 was not determined. We used in vitro and in vivo techniques to explore this question. We have monitored the aggregation kinetics of Aβ1–42 by thioflavine T fluorescence in the presence or the absence of different concentrations of nonphosphorylated tau. We observed that elongation of Aβ1–42 fibrils was inhibited by tau in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the fibrils were structurally different in the presence of tau but did not incorporate tau. Surface plasmon resonance indicated that tau monomers bound to Aβ1–42 oligomers (but not monomers) and hindered their interaction with the anti-Aβ antibody 4G8, suggesting that tau binds to the hydrophobic central core of Aβ recognized by 4G8. Tau monomers also antagonized the toxic effects of Aβ oligomers in Caenorhabditis elegans. This suggests that nonphosphorylated tau might have a neuroprotective effect by binding Aβ1–42 oligomers formed during the aggregation and shielding their hydrophobic patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Beeg
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Battocchio
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ada De Luigi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmina Natale
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Cagnotto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Leone MJ, Sun H, Boutros CL, Liu L, Ye E, Sullivan L, Thomas RJ, Robbins GK, Mukerji SS, Westover MB. HIV Increases Sleep-based Brain Age Despite Antiretroviral Therapy. Sleep 2021; 44:6204183. [PMID: 33783511 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Age-related comorbidities and immune activation raise concern for advanced brain aging in people living with HIV (PLWH). The brain age index (BAI) is a machine learning model that quantifies deviations in brain activity during sleep relative to healthy individuals of the same age. High BAI was previously found to be associated with neurological, psychiatric, cardiometabolic diseases, and reduced life expectancy among people without HIV. Here, we estimated the effect of HIV infection on BAI by comparing PLWH and HIV-controls. METHODS Clinical data and sleep EEGs from 43 PLWH on antiretroviral therapy (HIV+) and 3,155 controls (HIV-) were collected from Massachusetts General Hospital. The effect of HIV infection on BAI, and on individual EEG features, was estimated using causal inference. RESULTS The average effect of HIV on BAI was estimated to be +3.35 years (p < 0.01, 95% CI = [0.67, 5.92]) using doubly robust estimation. Compared to HIV- controls, HIV+ participants exhibited a reduction in delta band power during deep sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. CONCLUSION We provide causal evidence that HIV contributes to advanced brain aging reflected in sleep EEG. A better understanding is greatly needed of potential therapeutic targets to mitigate the effect of HIV on brain health, potentially including sleep disorders and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haoqi Sun
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elissa Ye
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Zanier ER, Barzago MM, Vegliante G, Romeo M, Restelli E, Bertani I, Natale C, Colnaghi L, Colombo L, Russo L, Micotti E, Fioriti L, Chiesa R, Diomede L. C. elegans detects toxicity of traumatic brain injury generated tau. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 153:105330. [PMID: 33711491 PMCID: PMC8039186 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with widespread tau pathology in about 30% of patients surviving late after injury. We previously found that TBI in mice induces the formation of an abnormal form of tau (tauTBI) which progressively spreads from the site of injury to remote brain regions. Intracerebral inoculation of TBI brain homogenates into naïve mice induced progressive tau pathology, synaptic loss and late cognitive decline, suggesting a pivotal role of tauTBI in post-TBI neurodegeneration. However, the possibility that tauTBI was a marker of TBI-associated neurodegeneration rather than a toxic driver of functional decline could not be excluded. Here we employed the nematode C. elegans as a biosensor to test the pathogenic role of TBI generated tau. The motility of this nematode depends on efficient neuromuscular transmission and is exceptionally sensitive to the toxicity of amyloidogenic proteins, providing a tractable model for our tests. We found that worms exposed to brain homogenates from chronic but not acute TBI mice, or from mice in which tauTBI had been transmitted by intracerebral inoculation, had impaired motility and neuromuscular synaptic transmission. Results were similar when worms were given brain homogenates from transgenic mice overexpressing tau P301L, a tauopathy mouse model, suggesting that TBI-induced and mutant tau have similar toxic properties. P301L brain homogenate toxicity was similar in wild-type and ptl-1 knock-out worms, indicating that the nematode tau homolog protein PTL-1 was not required to mediate the toxic effect. Harsh protease digestion to eliminate the protein component of the homogenates, pre-incubation with anti-tau antibodies or tau depletion by immunoprecipitation, abolished the toxicity. Homogenates of chronic TBI brains from tau knock-out mice were not toxic to C. elegans, whereas oligomeric recombinant tau was sufficient to impair their motility. This study indicates that tauTBI impairs motor activity and synaptic transmission in C. elegans and supports a pathogenic role of tauTBI in the long-term consequences of TBI. It also sets the groundwork for the development of a C. elegans-based platform for screening anti-tau compounds. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice induces a progressive tau pathology. Brain-injured tissue from chronic but not acute TBI mice impairs C. elegans motility. TBI tissue immunodepleted of tau or from tau knock-out mice has no toxic effect. Brain-injured tissue from TBI mice impairs neuromuscular transmission in worms. C. elegans is a tractable model for investigating tau toxicity generated by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa R Zanier
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Monica Barzago
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Vegliante
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Romeo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Restelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bertani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmina Natale
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Colnaghi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Micotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Fioriti
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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Isaguliants M, Bayurova E, Avdoshina D, Kondrashova A, Chiodi F, Palefsky JM. Oncogenic Effects of HIV-1 Proteins, Mechanisms Behind. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:305. [PMID: 33467638 PMCID: PMC7830613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) are at increased risk of developing cancer, such as Kaposi sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), cervical cancer, and other cancers associated with chronic viral infections. Traditionally, this is linked to HIV-1-induced immune suppression with depletion of CD4+ T-helper cells, exhaustion of lymphopoiesis and lymphocyte dysfunction. However, the long-term successful implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with an early start did not preclude the oncological complications, implying that HIV-1 and its antigens are directly involved in carcinogenesis and may exert their effects on the background of restored immune system even when present at extremely low levels. Experimental data indicate that HIV-1 virions and single viral antigens can enter a wide variety of cells, including epithelial. This review is focused on the effects of five viral proteins: envelope protein gp120, accessory protein negative factor Nef, matrix protein p17, transactivator of transcription Tat and reverse transcriptase RT. Gp120, Nef, p17, Tat, and RT cause oxidative stress, can be released from HIV-1-infected cells and are oncogenic. All five are in a position to affect "innocent" bystander cells, specifically, to cause the propagation of (pre)existing malignant and malignant transformation of normal epithelial cells, giving grounds to the direct carcinogenic effects of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isaguliants
- Gamaleya Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (D.A.)
- M.P. Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ekaterina Bayurova
- Gamaleya Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (D.A.)
- M.P. Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Darya Avdoshina
- Gamaleya Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (D.A.)
- M.P. Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alla Kondrashova
- M.P. Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Joel M. Palefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA;
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15
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Jha NK, Sharma A, Jha SK, Ojha S, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Kesari KK, Bhardwaj S, Shukla SD, Tambuwala MM, Ruokolainen J, Dua K, Singh SK. Alzheimer's disease-like perturbations in HIV-mediated neuronal dysfunctions: understanding mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies. Open Biol 2020; 10:200286. [PMID: 33352062 PMCID: PMC7776571 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure to toxic substances or chemicals in the environment and various pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, is associated with the onset of numerous brain abnormalities. Among them, pathogens, specifically viruses, elicit persistent inflammation that plays a major role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as dementia. AD is the most common brain disorder that affects thought, speech, memory and ability to execute daily routines. It is also manifested by progressive synaptic impairment and neurodegeneration, which eventually leads to dementia following the accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau. Numerous factors contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, including neuroinflammation associated with pathogens, and specifically viruses. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is often linked with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) following permeation through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and induction of persistent neuroinflammation. Further, HIV infections also exhibited the ability to modulate numerous AD-associated factors such as BBB regulators, members of stress-related pathways as well as the amyloid and Tau pathways that lead to the formation of amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles accumulation. Studies regarding the role of HIV in HAND and AD are still in infancy, and potential link or mechanism between both is not yet established. Thus, in the present article, we attempt to discuss various molecular mechanisms that contribute to the basic understanding of the role of HIV-associated neuroinflammation in AD and HAND. Further, using numerous growth factors and drugs, we also present possible therapeutic strategies to curb the neuroinflammatory changes and its associated sequels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP 201310, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP 201310, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP 201310, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Phamacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Shanu Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, HIMT, Greater Noida, CCS University, UP, India
| | - Shakti D. Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Kamal Dua
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, PO Box 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Biomedical Research, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGI Campus, Lucknow 226014, UP, India
- Biological Science, Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, UP, India
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16
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Caenorhabditis elegans Models to Investigate the Mechanisms Underlying Tau Toxicity in Tauopathies. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110838. [PMID: 33187241 PMCID: PMC7697895 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the genetic, biochemical, and structural determinants underlying tau aggregation is pivotal in the elucidation of the pathogenic process driving tauopathies and the design of effective therapies. Relevant information on the molecular basis of human neurodegeneration in vivo can be obtained using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). To this end, two main approaches can be applied: the overexpression of genes/proteins leading to neuronal dysfunction and death, and studies in which proteins prone to misfolding are exogenously administered to induce a neurotoxic phenotype. Thanks to the easy generation of transgenic strains expressing human disease genes, C. elegans allows the identification of genes and/or proteins specifically associated with pathology and the specific disruptions of cellular processes involved in disease. Several transgenic strains expressing human wild-type or mutated tau have been developed and offer significant information concerning whether transgene expression regulates protein production and aggregation in soluble or insoluble form, onset of the disease, and the degenerative process. C. elegans is able to specifically react to the toxic assemblies of tau, thus developing a neurodegenerative phenotype that, even when exogenously administered, opens up the use of this assay to investigate in vivo the relationship between the tau sequence, its folding, and its proteotoxicity. These approaches can be employed to screen drugs and small molecules that can interact with the biogenesis and dynamics of formation of tau aggregates and to analyze their interactions with other cellular proteins.
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Giagulli C, Caccuri F, Zorzan S, Bugatti A, Zani A, Filippini F, Manocha E, D'Ursi P, Orro A, Dolcetti R, Caruso A. B-cell clonogenic activity of HIV-1 p17 variants is driven by PAR1-mediated EGF transactivation. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:649-666. [PMID: 33093643 PMCID: PMC8203498 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV-1 dramatically slows disease progression among HIV+ individuals. Currently, lymphoma represents the main cause of death among HIV-1-infected patients. Detection of p17 variants (vp17s) endowed with B-cell clonogenic activity in HIV-1-seropositive patients with lymphoma suggests their possible role in lymphomagenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the clonogenic activity of vp17s is mediated by their binding to PAR1 and to PAR1-mediated EGFR transactivation through Gq protein. The entire vp17s-triggered clonogenic process is MMPs dependent. Moreover, phosphoproteomic and bioinformatic analysis highlighted the crucial role of EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway in modulating several molecules promoting cancer progression, including RAC1, ABL1, p53, CDK1, NPM, Rb, PTP-1B, and STAT1. Finally, we show that a peptide (F1) corresponding to the vp17s functional epitope is sufficient to trigger the PAR1/EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway and bind PAR1. Our findings suggest novel potential therapeutic targets to counteract vp17-driven lymphomagenesis in HIV+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Giagulli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Zorzan
- Plantech, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science & Technology (LIST), L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antonella Bugatti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Zani
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Filippini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ekta Manocha
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pasqualina D'Ursi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Technologies e National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Alessandro Orro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Technologies e National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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18
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Bugatti A, Marsico S, Mazzuca P, Schulze K, Ebensen T, Giagulli C, Peña E, Badimón L, Slevin M, Caruso A, Guzman CA, Caccuri F. Role of Autophagy in Von Willebrand Factor Secretion by Endothelial Cells and in the In Vivo Thrombin-Antithrombin Complex Formation Promoted by the HIV-1 Matrix Protein p17. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062022. [PMID: 32188077 PMCID: PMC7139864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy has substantially improved the survival of HIV-1-infected individuals, non-AIDS-related diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent in HIV-1-infected patients. Persistent abnormalities in coagulation appear to contribute to excess risk for a broad spectrum of non-AIDS defining complications. Alterations in coagulation biology in the context of HIV infection seem to be largely a consequence of a chronically inflammatory microenvironment leading to endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. A possible direct role of HIV-1 proteins in sustaining EC dysfunction has been postulated but not yet investigated. The HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) is secreted from HIV-1-infected cells and is known to sustain inflammatory processes by activating ECs. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility that p17-driven stimulation of human ECs is associated with increased production of critical coagulation factors. Here we show the involvement of autophagy in the p17-induced accumulation and secretion of von Willebrand factor (vWF) by ECs. In vivo experiments confirmed the capability of p17 to exert a potent pro-coagulant activity soon after its intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia Medical School, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (P.M.); (C.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Stefania Marsico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;
| | - Pietro Mazzuca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia Medical School, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (P.M.); (C.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Kai Schulze
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.S.); (T.E.); (C.A.G.)
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.S.); (T.E.); (C.A.G.)
| | - Cinzia Giagulli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia Medical School, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (P.M.); (C.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Esther Peña
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, CiberCV, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (E.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Lina Badimón
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, CiberCV, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (E.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Mark Slevin
- John Dalton Building, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK;
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia Medical School, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (P.M.); (C.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Carlos A. Guzman
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.S.); (T.E.); (C.A.G.)
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia Medical School, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (P.M.); (C.G.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Bugatti A, Paiardi G, Urbinati C, Chiodelli P, Orro A, Uggeri M, Milanesi L, Caruso A, Caccuri F, D'Ursi P, Rusnati M. Heparin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans promote HIV-1 p17 matrix protein oligomerization: computational, biochemical and biological implications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15768. [PMID: 31673058 PMCID: PMC6823450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
p17 matrix protein released by HIV+ cells interacts with leukocytes heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), CXCR1 and CXCR2 exerting different cytokine-like activities that contribute to AIDS pathogenesis. Since the bioactive form of several cytokines is represented by dimers/oligomers and oligomerization is promoted by binding to heparin or HSPGs, here we evaluated if heparin/HSPGs also promote p17 oligomerization. Heparin favours p17 dimer, trimer and tetramer assembly, in a time- and biphasic dose-dependent way. Heparin-induced p17 oligomerization is of electrostatic nature, being it prevented by NaCl, by removing negative sulfated groups of heparin and by neutralizing positive lysine residues in the p17 N-terminus. A new computational protocol has been implemented to study heparin chains up to 24-mer accommodating a p17 dimer. Molecular dynamics show that, in the presence of heparin, two p17 molecules undergo conformational modifications creating a continuous “electropositive channel” in which heparin sulfated groups interact with p17 basic amino acids, promoting its dimerization. At the cell surface, HSPGs induce p17 oligomerization, as demonstrated by using B-lymphoblastoid Namalwa cells overexpressing the HSPG Syndecan-1. Also, HSPGs on the surface of BJAB and Raji human B-lymphoblastoid cells are required to p17 to induce ERK1/2 activation, suggesting that HS-induced oligomerization plays a role in p17-induced lymphoid dysregulation during AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bugatti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Paiardi
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Urbinati
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Chiodelli
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orro
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Uggeri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Milanesi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pasqualina D'Ursi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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20
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Fulop T, Witkowski JM, Larbi A, Khalil A, Herbein G, Frost EH. Does HIV infection contribute to increased beta-amyloid synthesis and plaque formation leading to neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease? J Neurovirol 2019; 25:634-647. [PMID: 30868421 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era has become a chronic disease with a life expectancy almost identical to those free from this infection. Concomitantly, chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases have emerged as serious clinical problems. HIV-induced cognitive changes, although clinically very diverse are collectively called HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HAND, which until the introduction of cART manifested clinically as a subcortical disorder, is now considered primarily cognitive disorder, which makes it similar to diseases like Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The pathogenesis involves either the direct effects of the virus or the effect of viral proteins such as Tat, Ggp120, and Nef. These proteins are either capable of destroying neurons directly by inducing neurotoxic mediators or by initiating neuroinflammation by microglia and astrocytes. Recently, it has become recognized that HIV infection is associated with increased production of the beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) which is a characteristic of AD. Moreover, amyloid plaques have also been demonstrated in the brains of patients suffering from HAND. Thus, the question arises whether this production of Aβ indicates that HAND may lead to AD or it is a form of AD or this increase in Aβ production is only a bystander effect. It has also been discovered that APP in HIV and its metabolic product Aβ in AD manifest antiviral innate immune peptide characteristics. This review attempts to bring together studies linking amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ production in HIV infection and their possible impact on the course of HAND and AD. These data indicate that human defense mechanisms in HAND and AD are trying to contain microorganisms by antimicrobial peptides, however by employing different means. Future studies will, no doubt, uncover the relationship between HAND and AD and, hopefully, reveal novel treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, Université of Franche-Comté (UFC), University of Bourgogne France-Comté (UBFC), F-25030, Besançon, France.,Department of Virology, CHRU Besancon, F-25030, Besancon, France
| | - Eric H Frost
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Bhalerao A, Cucullo L. Impact of Tobacco Smoke in HIV Progression: a Major Risk Factor for the Development of NeuroAIDS and Associated of CNS Disorders. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG 2019; 28:259-270. [PMID: 33738180 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aim With the advent of highly active and combination antiretroviral therapy have substantially increased the life expectancy of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, this has brought into sharp contrast the incidence of several 'Non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diseases such as NeuroAIDS which identifies a group of neurological disorders caused primarily by HIV-mediated damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems. Given the patients depleted immune condition, the use and abuse of drug and addictive substances such as tobacco smoking can further deteriorates their overall health and accelerate the progression and severity of the disease. In this review we detail the pathogenesis, progression and characteristics of HIV and the impact of tobacco smoking as a risk factor for the progression of the disease to NeuroAIDS. This is a poorly understood aspect of HIV-related complications that needs to be addressed. Subjects and methods Review of theoretical approaches and knowledge synthesis. Results Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent in HIV patients when compared to the general population. The oxidative damage and inflammatory stress caused by chronic smoking on the cerebrovascular system have been well established. Considering that HIV patients have an impaired immune system and smokers per se are more susceptible to viral and bacterial inflammatory neuropathologies than non-smokers, it is conceivable that tobacco smoking as a risk factor for the progression of HIV into NeuroAIDS and related neurological impairments. Conclusion Tobacco smoke (TS) may bring about a synergistic effect in the context of persistent inflammatory state and cerebrovascular damage which facilitate HIV infection and progression to NeuroAIDS when compared to non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhalerao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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22
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Giorgino T, Mattioni D, Hassan A, Milani M, Mastrangelo E, Barbiroli A, Verhelle A, Gettemans J, Barzago MM, Diomede L, de Rosa M. Nanobody interaction unveils structure, dynamics and proteotoxicity of the Finnish-type amyloidogenic gelsolin variant. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:648-660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Liu D, Zeinolabediny Y, Caccuri F, Ferris G, Fang WH, Weston R, Krupinski J, Colombo L, Salmona M, Corpas R, Sarroca S, Sanfeliu C, Caruso A, Guo B, Zeng X, Slevin M. p17 from HIV induces brain endothelial cell angiogenesis through EGFR-1-mediated cell signalling activation. J Transl Med 2019; 99:180-190. [PMID: 30390010 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in HIV patients substantially reduces their quality of life. We previously showed that the HIV matrix protein, p17 could stimulate lymph-angiogenesis in vitro potentially contributing to lymphoma tumour growth and in addition is associated with vascular activation in neuro-degenerating brain tissue; here, therefore, we have investigated the detailed molecular mechanisms of this action. We performed in vitro cell culture, angiogenesis experiments, phospho-protein microarrays and Western blotting to identify cellular signalling induced by p17 within human brain endothelial cells (HbMEC), and inhibitor studies to block p17-induced vascular growth. We also characterised the effects of hippocampal CA1 injection of p17 on epidermal growth factor receptor-1 (EGFR1) expression linked to our murine model of dementia. p17 strongly induced angiogenesis of HbMEC (migration, tube formation and spheroid growth). p17 concomitantly increased phosphorylation of EGFR1 as well as down-stream intermediates ERK1/2, FAK, PLC-γ and PKC-β whilst an inhibitor peptide of EGFR, blocked cell signalling and angiogenesis. Finally, Mice that showed reduced cognitive function and behavioural deficiencies after p17 injection, demonstrated that p17 localised in cortical microvessels and also neurones many of which stained positive for p-EGFR1 by histology/IHC. This work provides strong support that p17 may be involved in initiating and/or perpetuating vascular tissue pathophysiology associated with comorbidity in HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Yasmin Zeinolabediny
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia Medical School, Brescia, Italy
| | - Glenn Ferris
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Ria Weston
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jerzy Krupinski
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.,Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Department of Neurology, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Ruben Corpas
- Instituto De Investigaciones Biomedicas De Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Sarroca
- Instituto De Investigaciones Biomedicas De Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Instituto De Investigaciones Biomedicas De Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia Medical School, Brescia, Italy
| | - Baoqiang Guo
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | | | - Mark Slevin
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK. .,University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Romania. .,Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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24
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25
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Canet G, Dias C, Gabelle A, Simonin Y, Gosselet F, Marchi N, Makinson A, Tuaillon E, Van de Perre P, Givalois L, Salinas S. HIV Neuroinfection and Alzheimer's Disease: Similarities and Potential Links? Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:307. [PMID: 30254568 PMCID: PMC6141679 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors such as chemicals, stress and pathogens are now widely believed to play important roles in the onset of some brain diseases, as they are associated with neuronal impairment and acute or chronic inflammation. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration that ultimately lead to dementia. Neuroinflammation also plays a prominent role in AD and possible links to viruses have been proposed. In particular, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can pass the blood-brain barrier and cause neuronal dysfunction leading to cognitive dysfunctions called HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Similarities between HAND and HIV exist as numerous factors involved in AD such as members of the amyloid and Tau pathways, as well as stress-related pathways or blood brain barrier (BBB) regulators, seem to be modulated by HIV brain infection, leading to the accumulation of amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in some patients. Here, we summarize findings regarding how HIV and some of its proteins such as Tat and gp120 modulate signaling and cellular pathways also impaired in AD, suggesting similarities and convergences of these two pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Canet
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia, INSERM, University of Montpellier/EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Chloé Dias
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement français du Sang, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Memory Research and Resources Center, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Simonin
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement français du Sang, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, Université d'Artois, Lens, France
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Cerebrovascular Mechanisms of Brain Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Makinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases CHU Montpellier, INSERM, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement français du Sang, Montpellier, France.,Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement français du Sang, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Van de Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement français du Sang, Montpellier, France.,Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement français du Sang, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Givalois
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia, INSERM, University of Montpellier/EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Salinas
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement français du Sang, Montpellier, France
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