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Kijowska-Oberc J, Wawrzyniak MK, Ciszewska L, Ratajczak E. Evaluation of P5CS and ProDH activity in Paulownia tomentosa (Steud.) as an indicator of oxidative changes induced by drought stress. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16697. [PMID: 38282856 PMCID: PMC10822135 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate changes in proline metabolism in seedlings of tree species during drought stress. One month old Paulownia tomentosa seedlings were exposed to moisture conditions at various levels (irrigation at 100, 75, 50 and 25% of field capacity), and then the material (leaves and roots) was collected three times at 10-day intervals. The activity of enzymes involved in proline metabolism was closely related to drought severity; however, proline content was not directly impacted. The activity of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), which catalyzes proline biosynthesis, increased in response to hydrogen peroxide accumulation, which was correlated with soil moisture. In contrast, the activity of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH), which catalyzes proline catabolism, decreased. Compared to proline, the activity of these enzymes may be a more reliable biochemical marker of stress-induced oxidative changes. The content of proline is dependent on numerous additional factors, i.e., its degradation is an important alternative energy source. Moreover, we noted tissue-specific differences in this species, in which roots appeared to be proline biosynthesis sites and leaves appeared to be proline catabolism sites. Further research is needed to examine a broader view of proline metabolism as a cycle regulated by multiple mechanisms and differences between species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liliana Ciszewska
- Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Wielkopolskie, Polska
| | - Ewelina Ratajczak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Wielkopolskie, Polska
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2
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Kijowska-Oberc J, Dylewski Ł, Ratajczak E. Proline concentrations in seedlings of woody plants change with drought stress duration and are mediated by seed characteristics: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15157. [PMID: 37704656 PMCID: PMC10500006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline accumulation represents one of mechanisms used by plants to prevent the adverse consequences of water stress. The effects of increased proline levels in response to drought differ among species. Trees are exposed to the long-term effects of climate change. The reproductive success of species in a specific environment depends on the functional trait of tree seeds. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of drought stress on the proline concentrations in seedling leaf tissues of woody plant species and their relationships to drought duration, seed mass, seed category and coniferous/deciduous classification. Drought duration exhibited a nonlinear effect on proline accumulations. The drought effect on proline accumulations is greater for deciduous than for coniferous species and is higher for orthodox seed species than for recalcitrant. The seedlings of large-seeded species showed greater effect sizes than those of small-seeded species. Our results suggest that there is an optimum level at which proline accumulations under the influence of drought are the highest. A link between seed functional traits, as well as the coniferous/deciduous classification, and proline concentrations in tree seedlings during water stress were determined for the first time. Proline may help to identify high-quality seeds of trees used for reforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kijowska-Oberc
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Dylewski
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Ratajczak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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3
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Glison N, Romero D, Rosso V, Guerrero JC, Speranza PR. Understanding the Geographic Patterns of Closely-Related Species of Paspalum (Poaceae) Using Distribution Modelling and Seed Germination Traits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1342. [PMID: 36987030 PMCID: PMC10052821 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The sexual species of the Dilatata complex (Paspalum dasypleurum, P. flavescens, P. plurinerve, P. vacarianum, and P. urvillei) are closely related phylogenetically and show allopatric distributions, except P. urvillei. These species show microhabitat similarities and differences in germination traits. We integrated species distribution models (SDMs) and seed germination assays to determine whether germination divergences explain their biogeographic pattern. We trained SDMs in South America using species' presence-absence data and environmental variables. Additionally, populations sampled from highly favourable areas in the SDMs of these species were grown together, and their seeds germinated at different temperatures and dormancy-breaking conditions. Differences among species in seed dormancy and germination niche breadth were tested, and linear regressions between seed dormancy and climatic variables were explored. SDMs correctly classified both the observed presences and absences. Spatial factors and anthropogenic activities were the main factors explaining these distributions. Both SDMs and germination analyses confirmed that the niche of P. urvillei was broader than the other species which showed restricted distributions, narrower germination niches, and high correlations between seed dormancy and precipitation regimes. Both approaches provided evidence about the generalist-specialist status of each species. Divergences in seed dormancy between the specialist species could explain these allopatric distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Glison
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avenida Eugenio Garzón 780, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay
| | - David Romero
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Sustentable y Gestión Ambiental del Territorio, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Grupo Biogeografía, Diversidad & Conservación, Departamento Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Virginia Rosso
- Cátedra de Botánica Sistemática, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - José Carlos Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Sustentable y Gestión Ambiental del Territorio, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Rafael Speranza
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avenida Eugenio Garzón 780, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay
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4
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Wu X, Wang M, Li X, Yan Y, Dai M, Xie W, Zhou X, Zhang D, Wen Y. Response of distribution patterns of two closely related species in Taxus genus to climate change since last inter-glacial. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9302. [PMID: 36177121 PMCID: PMC9475124 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change affects the species spatio-temporal distribution deeply. However, how climate affects the spatio-temporal distribution pattern of related species on the large scale remains largely unclear. Here, we selected two closely related species in Taxus genus Taxus chinensis and Taxus mairei to explore their distribution pattern. Four environmental variables were employed to simulate the distribution patterns using the optimized Maxent model. The results showed that the highly suitable area of T. chinensis and T. mairei in current period was 1.616 × 105 km2 and 3.093 × 105 km2, respectively. The distribution area of T. chinensis was smaller than that of T. mairei in different periods. Comparison of different periods shown that the distribution area of the two species was almost in stasis from LIG to the future periods. Temperature and precipitation were the main climate factors that determined the potential distribution of the two species. The centroids of T. chinensis and T. mairei were in Sichuan and Hunan provinces in current period, respectively. In the future, the centroid migration direction of the two species would shift towards northeast. Our results revealed that the average elevation distribution of T. chinensis was higher than that of T. mairei. This study sheds new insights into the habitat preference and limiting environment factors of the two related species and provides a valuable reference for the conservation of these two threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtong Wu
- Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyHunanChina
| | - Minqiu Wang
- Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyHunanChina
| | - Xinyu Li
- Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyHunanChina
| | - Yadan Yan
- Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyHunanChina
| | | | - Wanyu Xie
- Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyHunanChina
| | - Xiaofen Zhou
- Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyHunanChina
| | | | - Yafeng Wen
- Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyHunanChina
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5
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Nie ZF, Liao ZQ, Yao GQ, Tian XQ, Bi MH, Teixeira da Silva JA, Gao TP, Fang XW. Divergent stem hydraulic strategies of Caragana korshinskii resprouts following a disturbance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:325-336. [PMID: 34387352 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Resprouting plants are distributed in many vegetation communities worldwide. With increasing resprout age post-severe-disturbance, new stems grow rapidly at their early age, and decrease in their growth with gradually decreasing water status thereafter. However, there is little knowledge about how stem hydraulic strategies and anatomical traits vary post-disturbance. In this study, the stem water potential (Ψstem), maximum stem hydraulic conductivity (Kstem-max), water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (Kstem P50) and anatomical traits of Caragana korshinkii resprouts were measured during a 1- to 13-year post-disturbance period. We found that the Kstem-max decreased with resprout age from 1-year-old resprouts (84.2 mol m-1 s-1 MPa-1) to 13-year-old resprouts (54.2 mol m-1 s-1 MPa-1) as a result of decreases in the aperture fraction (Fap) and the sum of aperture area on per unit intervessel wall area (Aap). The Kstem P50 of the resprouts decreased from 1-year-old resprouts (-1.8 MPa) to 13-year-old resprouts (-2.9 MPa) as a result of increases in vessel implosion resistance (t/b)2, wood density (WD), vessel grouping index (GI) and decreases in Fap and Aap. These shifts in hydraulic structure and function resulted in an age-based divergence in hydraulic strategies i.e., a change from an acquisitive strategy to a conservative strategy, with increasing resprout age post-disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Fei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guang-Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Qian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Min-Hui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | - Tian-Peng Gao
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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6
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Waseem M, Nie ZF, Yao GQ, Hasan M, Xiang Y, Fang XW. Dew absorption by leaf trichomes in Caragana korshinskii: An alternative water acquisition strategy for withstanding drought in arid environments. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:528-539. [PMID: 33452683 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Investigating plant morphological traits can provide insights into plant drought tolerance. To date, many papers have focused on plant hydraulic responses to drought during dehydration, but atmospheric water absorption by trichomes to mitigate drought stress by influencing leaf hydraulics in plant species that inhabit arid environments has been largely ignored. The experiment in this study was designed to assess how dew absorbed by leaf trichomes helps Caragana korshinskii withstand drought. The results showed that under a drought stress and dew (DS & D) treatment, C. korshinskii displayed a strong capacity to absorb dew with trichomes; exhibited slow decreases in leaf water potential (Ψleaf ), leaf hydraulic conductivity (Kleaf ), and gas exchange; experienced 50% Kleaf and gas exchange losses at lower relative soil water content levels than plants treated with drought stress and no dew (DS & ND); and experienced 50% Kleaf loss (Kleaf P50 ) at similar Ψleaf levels as DS & ND plants. Its congener C. sinica, which does not have leaf trichomes, displayed little ability to absorb dew under drought stress and did not show any remarkable improvement in the above parameters under the DS & D treatment. Our results indicated that leaf trichomes are important epidermal dew-uptake structures that assist in partially sustaining the leaf hydraulic assimilation system, mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress and contribute to the distribution of C. korshinskii in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Fei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guang-Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mahadi Hasan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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7
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Fernández-Pascual E, Carta A, Mondoni A, Cavieres LA, Rosbakh S, Venn S, Satyanti A, Guja L, Briceño VF, Vandelook F, Mattana E, Saatkamp A, Bu H, Sommerville K, Poschlod P, Liu K, Nicotra A, Jiménez-Alfaro B. The seed germination spectrum of alpine plants: a global meta-analysis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3573-3586. [PMID: 33205452 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Assumptions about the germination ecology of alpine plants are presently based on individual species and local studies. A current challenge is to synthesise, at the global level, the alpine seed ecological spectrum. We performed a meta-analysis of primary data from laboratory experiments conducted across four continents (excluding the tropics) and 661 species, to estimate the influence of six environmental cues on germination proportion, mean germination time and germination synchrony; accounting for seed morphology (mass, embryo : seed ratio) and phylogeny. Most alpine plants show physiological seed dormancy, a strong need for cold stratification, warm-cued germination and positive germination responses to light and alternating temperatures. Species restricted to the alpine belt have a higher preference for warm temperatures and a stronger response to cold stratification than species whose distribution extends also below the treeline. Seed mass, embryo size and phylogeny have strong constraining effects on germination responses to the environment. Globally, overwintering and warm temperatures are key drivers of germination in alpine habitats. The interplay between germination physiology and seed morphological traits further reflects pressures to avoid frost or drought stress. Our results indicate the convergence, at the global level, of the seed germination patterns of alpine species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelino Carta
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Botany Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Andrea Mondoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Lohengrin A Cavieres
- Departamento de Botánica|Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4070386, Chile
- Chile and Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergey Rosbakh
- Chair of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Susanna Venn
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Annisa Satyanti
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Lydia Guja
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, a joint venture between Parks Australia and CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- National Seed Bank, Australian National Botanic Gardens, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | | | - Efisio Mattana
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, RH17 6TN, UK
| | - Arne Saatkamp
- Aix Marseille Université, Université d'Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Facultés St Jérôme, case 421, Marseille, 13397, France
| | - Haiyan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Karen Sommerville
- The Australian PlantBank, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, The Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mount Annan, NSW, 2567, Australia
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Chair of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Adrienne Nicotra
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Borja Jiménez-Alfaro
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (CSUC/UO/PA), University of Oviedo, Mieres, 33600, Spain
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8
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Yao GQ, Li FP, Nie ZF, Bi MH, Jiang H, Liu XD, Wei Y, Fang XW. Ethylene, not ABA, is closely linked to the recovery of gas exchange after drought in four Caragana species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:399-411. [PMID: 33131059 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a cyclical phenomenon in natural environments. During dehydration, stomatal closure is mainly regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) dynamics that limit transpiration in seed plants, but following rehydration, the mechanism of gas exchange recovery is still not clear. In this study, leaf water potential (ψleaf ), stomatal conductance (gs ), leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ), foliar ABA level, ethylene emission rate in response to dehydration and rehydration were investigated in four Caragana species with isohydric (Caragana spinosa and C. pruinosa) and anisohydric (C. intermedia and C. microphylla) traits. Two isohydric species with ABA-induced stomatal closure exhibited more sensitive gs and Kleaf to decreasing ψleaf than two anisohydric species which exhibited a switch from ABA to water potential-driven stomatal closure during dehydration. Following rehydration, the recovery of gas exchange was not associated with a decrease in ABA level but was strongly limited by the degradation of the ethylene emission rate in all species. Furthermore, two anisohydric species with low drought-induced ethylene production exhibited more rapid recovery in gas exchange upon rehydration. Our results indicated that ethylene is a key factor regulating the drought-recovery ability in terms of gas exchange, which may shape species adaptation to drought and potential species distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Fei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min-Hui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Yao G, Nie Z, Turner NC, Li F, Gao T, Fang X, Scoffoni C. Combined high leaf hydraulic safety and efficiency provides drought tolerance in Caragana species adapted to low mean annual precipitation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:230-244. [PMID: 32749703 PMCID: PMC7754512 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the coordination of leaf hydraulic traits with gas exchange across closely-related species adapted to varying rainfall can provide insights into plant habitat distribution and drought adaptation. The leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ), stomatal conductance (gs ), net assimilation (A), vein embolism and abscisic acid (ABA) concentration during dehydration were quantified, as well as pressure-volume curve traits and vein anatomy in 10 Caragana species adapted to a range of mean annual precipitation (MAP) conditions and growing in a common garden. We found a positive correlation between Ψleaf at 50% loss of Kleaf (Kleaf P50 ) and maximum Kleaf (Kleaf-max ) across species. Species from low-MAP environments exhibited more negative Kleaf P50 and turgor loss point, and higher Kleaf-max and leaf-specific capacity at full turgor, along with higher vein density and midrib xylem per leaf area, and a higher ratio of Kleaf-max : maximum gs . Tighter stomatal control mediated by higher ABA accumulation during dehydration in these species resulted in an increase in hydraulic safety and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi ) during drought. Our results suggest that high hydraulic safety and efficiency combined with greater stomatal sensitivity triggered by ABA production and leading to greater WUEi provides drought tolerance in Caragana species adapted to low-MAP environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Zheng‐Fei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Neil C. Turner
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaM082, 35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA6009Australia
| | - Feng‐Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Tian‐Peng Gao
- The Engineering Research Center of Mining Pollution Treatment and Ecological Restoration of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou City UniversityLanzhou730070China
| | - Xiang‐Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Biological SciencesCalifornia State University Los Angeles5151 State University DriveLos AngelesCA90032USA
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10
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Walter GM, Catara S, Bridle JR, Cristaudo A. Population variation in early development can determine ecological resilience in response to environmental change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1312-1324. [PMID: 31990993 PMCID: PMC7317736 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As climate change transforms seasonal patterns of temperature and precipitation, germination success at marginal temperatures will become critical for the long-term persistence of many plant species and communities. If populations vary in their environmental sensitivity to marginal temperatures across a species' geographical range, populations that respond better to future environmental extremes are likely to be critical for maintaining ecological resilience of the species. Using seeds from two to six populations for each of nine species of Mediterranean plants, we characterized patterns of among-population variation in environmental sensitivity by quantifying genotype-by-environment interactions (G × E) for germination success at temperature extremes, and under two light regimes representing conditions below and above the soil surface. For eight of nine species tested at hot and cold marginal temperatures, we observed substantial among-population variation in environmental sensitivity for germination success, and this often depended on the light treatment. Importantly, different populations often performed best at different environmental extremes. Our results demonstrate that ongoing changes in temperature regime will affect the phenology, fitness, and demography of different populations within the same species differently. We show that quantifying patterns of G × E for multiple populations, and understanding how such patterns arise, can test mechanisms that promote ecological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M. Walter
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Stefania Catara
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CataniaCatania95128Italy
| | - Jon R. Bridle
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Antonia Cristaudo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CataniaCatania95128Italy
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Abstract
Climate change leads to global drought-induced stress and increased plant mortality. Tree species living in rapidly changing climate conditions are exposed to danger and must adapt to new climate conditions to survive. Trees respond to changes in the environment in numerous ways. Physiological modulation at the seed stage, germination strategy and further development are influenced by many different factors. We review forest abiotic threats (such as drought and heat), including biochemical responses of plants to stress, and biotic threats (pathogens and insects) related to global warming. We then discus the varied adaptations of tree species to changing climate conditions such as seed resistance to environmental stress, improved by an increase in temperature, affinity to specific fungal symbionts, a wide range of tolerance to abiotic environmental conditions in the offspring of populations occurring in continental climate, and germination strategies closely linked to the ecological niche of the species. The existing studies do not clearly indicate whether tree adaptations are shaped by epigenetics or phenology and do not define the role of phenotypic plasticity in tree development. We have created a juxtaposition of literature that is useful in identifying the factors that play key roles in these processes. We compare scientific evidence that species distribution and survival are possible due to phenotypic plasticity and thermal memory with studies that testify that trees’ phenology depends on phylogenesis, but this issue is still open. It is possible that studies in the near future will bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms through which trees adapt to stressful conditions, especially in the context of epigenetic memory in long-lived organisms, and allow us to minimize the harmful effects of climatic events by predicting tree species’ responses or by developing solutions such as assisted migration to mitigate the consequences of these phenomena.
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Duncan C, Schultz NL, Good MK, Lewandrowski W, Cook S. The risk-takers and -avoiders: germination sensitivity to water stress in an arid zone with unpredictable rainfall. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:plz066. [PMID: 31777652 PMCID: PMC6863470 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Water availability is a critical driver of population dynamics in arid zones, and plant recruitment is typically episodic in response to rainfall. Understanding species' germination thresholds is key for conservation and restoration initiatives. Thus, we investigated the role of water availability in the germination traits of keystone species in an arid ecosystem with stochastic rainfall. We measured seed germination responses of five arid species, along gradients of temperature and water potential under controlled laboratory conditions. We then identified the cardinal temperatures and base water potentials for seed germination, and applied the hydrotime model to assess germination responses to water stress. Optimum temperatures for germination ranged from 15 to 31 °C under saturated conditions (0 MPa), and three species had low minimum temperatures for germination (<3 °C). A small proportion of seeds of all species germinated under dry conditions (Ψ ≤ -1 MPa), although base water potential for germination (Ψ b50) ranged from -0.61 to -0.79 MPa. Species adhered to one of two germination traits: (i) the risk-takers which require less moisture availability for germination, and which can germinate over a wider range of temperatures irrespective of water availability (Casuarina pauper and Maireana pyramidata), and (ii) the risk-avoiders which have greater moisture requirements, a preference for cold climate germination, and narrower temperature ranges for germination when water availability is low (Atriplex rhagodioides, Maireana sedifolia and Hakea leucoptera). High seed longevity under physiological stress in H. leucoptera, combined with a risk-avoiding strategy, allows bet-hedging. The hydrotime model predicted lower base water potentials for germination than observed by the data, further supporting our assertion that these species have particular adaptations to avoid germination during drought. This study provides insights into the complex physiological responses of seeds to environmental stress, and relates seed germination traits to community dynamics and restoration in arid zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine Duncan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC, Australia
| | - Nick L Schultz
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan K Good
- BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lewandrowski
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Simon Cook
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC, Australia
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Chen D, Zhang R, Baskin CC, Hu X. Water permeability/impermeability in seeds of 15 species of Caragana (Fabaceae). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6870. [PMID: 31119080 PMCID: PMC6511390 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Majority legumes in the temperate and arctic zones have water-impermeable seeds (physical dormancy, PY). However, various authors have reported that seeds of some Caragana species are water-permeable and thus non-dormant. We (1) tested seeds of 15 species of Caragana matured in the same site in 2014, 2016 and/or 2017 for presence of PY, (2) determined if dry storage decreased or increased the percentage of seeds with PY and (3) located the site on the seed coat of 11 species where water enters the seed. Sixty-three percent and 45% of the seeds of C. roborovskyi had PY in 2016 and 2017, respectively, but only 0-14% of the seeds of the other 14 species had PY. The palisade layer in the seed coat of water impermeable seeds had no cracks in it, whereas cracks were present in the palisade layer of water-permeable seeds. Year of collection and dry storage had significant effects on imbibition of two species (C. acanthophylla and C. roborovskyi). In two (C. acanthophylla and C. roborovskyi) of the 11 species tested, the hilum was the site of water entry into seeds (control seeds, not any dormant broken treatments), but for the other nine species tested water entered through all parts of the seed coat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.,Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Martínez-Villegas JA, Castillo-Argüero S, Márquez-Guzmán J, Orozco-Segovia A. Plant attributes and their relationship to the germination response to different temperatures of 18 species from central Mexico. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:1042-1052. [PMID: 30055073 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Germination responses of non-dormant seeds to temperature and thermal requirements are affected by the geoclimatic origin of the species, along with specific attributes such as life form, life cycle or seed size. We evaluated the relationship of these attributes and temperature to germination in 18 species that inhabit a convergence area of two biogeographic realms. Seeds were sown at different constant temperatures. Base temperature (Tb ) and thermal time for 50% germination (θT(50) ) were determined. For Tb , θT(50) and seed size, we performed a cluster analysis and then applied a discriminant analysis (DA). DA was also performed using geoclimatic origin, life form and life cycle as grouping variables. Seed that did not germinate were transferred to the benefit temperature for germination. Finally, ethylene was applied to the remaining seeds that did not germinate. Temperature significantly affected final germination. Tb varied between 5 and 13 °C in 15 species and 19.0-21.5 °C in the remainder; θT(50) was 7-30 °Cd in eight species and 50-109 °Cd in the remainder. Cluster analysis showed three groups, and DA evidenced the relevance of Tb and θT(50) for this separation. Differences in life cycle were related to θT(50) . The geoclimatic origin was not significant. Thermoinhibition or thermodormancy were found in some species. Tb overlaps with environmental temperature of the growth season. Thermal traits for germination mainly reflect the species' life cycle, which is related to the main differences in reproductive performance among annuals and perennials. Local adaptation might mask the effect of geoclimatic origin of a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Martínez-Villegas
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - S Castillo-Argüero
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J Márquez-Guzmán
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Orozco-Segovia
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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