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Bharti H, Han S, Chang HW, Reinberg D. Polycomb repressive complex 2 accessory factors: rheostats for cell fate decision? Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 84:102137. [PMID: 38091876 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming during development is key to cell identity and the activities of the Polycomb repressive complexes are vital for this process. We focus on polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which catalyzes H3K27me1/2/3 and safeguards cellular integrity by ensuring proper gene repression. Notably, various accessory factors associate with PRC2, strongly influencing cell fate decisions, and their deregulation contributes to various illnesses. Yet, the exact role of these factors during development and carcinogenesis is not fully understood. Here, we present recent progress toward addressing these points and an analysis of the expression levels of PRC2 accessory factors in various tissues and developmental stages to highlight their abundance and roles. Last, we evaluate their contribution to cancer-specific phenotypes, providing insight into novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Bharti
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sungwook Han
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Han-Wen Chang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Danny Reinberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Xie T, Huang Q, Huang Q, Huang Y, Liu S, Zeng H, Liu J. Dysregulated lncRNAs regulate human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into insulin-producing cells by forming a regulatory network with mRNAs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:22. [PMID: 38273351 PMCID: PMC10809572 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, cell therapy has emerged as a new research direction in the treatment of diabetes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation necessary to form such treatment have not been clarified. METHODS In this study, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) isolated from newborns were progressively induced into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) using small molecules. HUC-MSC (S0) and four induced stage (S1-S4) samples were prepared. We then performed transcriptome sequencing experiments to obtain the dynamic expression profiles of both mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). RESULTS We found that the number of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs trended downwards during differentiation. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with translation, cell adhesion, and cell connection. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the NF-KB signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, HIPPO signalling pathway, PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, and p53 signalling pathway were enriched in these differentially expressed lncRNA-targeting genes. We also found that the coexpression of the lncRNA CTBP1-AS2 with PROX1 and the lncRNAs AC009014.3 and GS1-72M22.1 with JARID2 mRNA was related to the development of pancreatic beta cells. Moreover, the coexpression of the lncRNAs: XLOC_ 050969, LINC00883, XLOC_050981, XLOC_050925, MAP3K14- AS1, RP11-148K1.12, and CTD2020K17.3 with p53, regulated insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. CONCLUSION In this study, HUC-MSCs combined with small molecule compounds were successfully induced into IPCs. Differentially expressed lncRNAs may regulate the insulin secretion of pancreatic beta cells by regulating multiple signalling pathways. The lncRNAs AC009014.3, Gs1-72m21.1, and CTBP1-AS2 may be involved in the development of pancreatic beta cells, and the lncRNAs: XLOC_050969, LINC00883, XLOC_050981, XLOC_050925, MAP3K14-AS1, RP11-148K1.12, and CTD2020K17.3 may be involved in regulating the insulin secretion of pancreatic beta cells, thus providing a lncRNA catalogue for future research regarding the mechanism of the transdifferentiation of HUC-MSCs into IPCs. It also provides a new theoretical basis for the transplantation of insulin-producing cells into diabetic patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqin Xie
- Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang of Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qiming Huang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translation Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiulan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang of Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Yanting Huang
- Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang of Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang of Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Haixia Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang of Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang of Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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Hoi KK, Xia W, Wei MM, Ulloa Navas MJ, Garcia Verdugo JM, Nachury MV, Reiter JF, Fancy SPJ. Primary cilia control oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation in white matter injury via Hedgehog-independent CREB signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113272. [PMID: 37858465 PMCID: PMC10715572 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Remyelination after white matter injury (WMI) often fails in diseases such as multiple sclerosis because of improper recruitment and repopulation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in lesions. How OPCs elicit specific intracellular programs in response to a chemically and mechanically diverse environment to properly regenerate myelin remains unclear. OPCs construct primary cilia, specialized signaling compartments that transduce Hedgehog (Hh) and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signals. We investigated the role of primary cilia in the OPC response to WMI. Removing cilia from OPCs genetically via deletion of Ift88 results in OPCs failing to repopulate WMI lesions because of reduced proliferation. Interestingly, loss of cilia does not affect Hh signaling in OPCs or their responsiveness to Hh signals but instead leads to dysfunctional cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-mediated transcription. Because inhibition of CREB activity in OPCs reduces proliferation, we propose that a GPCR/cAMP/CREB signaling axis initiated at OPC cilia orchestrates OPC proliferation during development and in response to WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Hoi
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wenlong Xia
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ming Ming Wei
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Jose Ulloa Navas
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jose-Manuel Garcia Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Maxence V Nachury
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephen P J Fancy
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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4
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Broadaway KA, Yin X, Williamson A, Parsons VA, Wilson EP, Moxley AH, Vadlamudi S, Varshney A, Jackson AU, Ahuja V, Bornstein SR, Corbin LJ, Delgado GE, Dwivedi OP, Fernandes Silva L, Frayling TM, Grallert H, Gustafsson S, Hakaste L, Hammar U, Herder C, Herrmann S, Højlund K, Hughes DA, Kleber ME, Lindgren CM, Liu CT, Luan J, Malmberg A, Moissl AP, Morris AP, Perakakis N, Peters A, Petrie JR, Roden M, Schwarz PEH, Sharma S, Silveira A, Strawbridge RJ, Tuomi T, Wood AR, Wu P, Zethelius B, Baldassarre D, Eriksson JG, Fall T, Florez JC, Fritsche A, Gigante B, Hamsten A, Kajantie E, Laakso M, Lahti J, Lawlor DA, Lind L, März W, Meigs JB, Sundström J, Timpson NJ, Wagner R, Walker M, Wareham NJ, Watkins H, Barroso I, O'Rahilly S, Grarup N, Parker SC, Boehnke M, Langenberg C, Wheeler E, Mohlke KL. Loci for insulin processing and secretion provide insight into type 2 diabetes risk. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:284-299. [PMID: 36693378 PMCID: PMC9943750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion is critical for glucose homeostasis, and increased levels of the precursor proinsulin relative to insulin indicate pancreatic islet beta-cell stress and insufficient insulin secretory capacity in the setting of insulin resistance. We conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association results for fasting proinsulin from 16 European-ancestry studies in 45,861 individuals. We found 36 independent signals at 30 loci (p value < 5 × 10-8), which validated 12 previously reported loci for proinsulin and ten additional loci previously identified for another glycemic trait. Half of the alleles associated with higher proinsulin showed higher rather than lower effects on glucose levels, corresponding to different mechanisms. Proinsulin loci included genes that affect prohormone convertases, beta-cell dysfunction, vesicle trafficking, beta-cell transcriptional regulation, and lysosomes/autophagy processes. We colocalized 11 proinsulin signals with islet expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data, suggesting candidate genes, including ARSG, WIPI1, SLC7A14, and SIX3. The NKX6-3/ANK1 proinsulin signal colocalized with a T2D signal and an adipose ANK1 eQTL signal but not the islet NKX6-3 eQTL. Signals were enriched for islet enhancers, and we showed a plausible islet regulatory mechanism for the lead signal in the MADD locus. These results show how detailed genetic studies of an intermediate phenotype can elucidate mechanisms that may predispose one to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alaine Broadaway
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alice Williamson
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria A Parsons
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emma P Wilson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anne H Moxley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Arushi Varshney
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vasudha Ahuja
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, MedicCal Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura J Corbin
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Om P Dwivedi
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liisa Hakaste
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulf Hammar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - David A Hughes
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, BW, Germany; SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, BW, Germany
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anni Malmberg
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angela P Moissl
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, BW, Germany
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, MedicCal Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - John R Petrie
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter E H Schwarz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sapna Sharma
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Angela Silveira
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Peitao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Björn Zethelius
- Department of Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Cardiovascular Prevention Area, Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jose C Florez
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Winfried März
- Synlab Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, BW, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, BW, Germany
| | - James B Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mark Walker
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; Health Data Research UK, Gibbs Building, London, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research, Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen Cj Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Lecorguillé M, McAuliffe FM, Twomey PJ, Viljoen K, Mehegan J, Kelleher CC, Suderman M, Phillips CM. Maternal Glycaemic and Insulinemic Status and Newborn DNA Methylation: Findings in Women With Overweight and Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:85-98. [PMID: 36137169 PMCID: PMC9759168 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal dysglycaemia and prepregnancy obesity are associated with adverse offspring outcomes. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm) could contribute. OBJECTIVE To examine relationships between maternal glycaemia, insulinemic status, and dietary glycemic indices during pregnancy and an antenatal behavioral-lifestyle intervention with newborn DNAm. METHODS We investigated 172 women from a randomized controlled trial of a lifestyle intervention in pregnant women who were overweight or obese. Fasting glucose and insulin concentrations and derived indices of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-%B), and insulin sensitivity were determined at baseline (15) and 28 weeks' gestation. Dietary glycemic load (GL) and index (GI) were calculated from 3-day food diaries. Newborn cord blood DNAm levels of 850K CpG sites were measured using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC array. Associations of each biomarker, dietary index and intervention with DNAm were examined. RESULTS Early pregnancy HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B were associated with lower DNAm at CpG sites cg03158092 and cg05985988, respectively. Early pregnancy insulin sensitivity was associated with higher DNAm at cg04976151. Higher late pregnancy insulin concentrations and GL scores were positively associated with DNAm at CpGs cg12082129 and cg11955198 and changes in maternal GI with lower DNAm at CpG cg03403995 (Bonferroni corrected P < 5.99 × 10-8). These later associations were located at genes previously implicated in growth or regulation of insulin processes. No effects of the intervention on cord blood DNAm were observed. None of our findings were replicated in previous studies. CONCLUSION Among women who were overweight or obese, maternal pregnancy dietary glycemic indices, glucose, and insulin homeostasis were associated with modest changes in their newborn methylome. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN29316280.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lecorguillé
- Correspondence: Marion Lecorguillé, PhD, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Twomey
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Karien Viljoen
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - John Mehegan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Cecily C Kelleher
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
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6
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Toren E, Liu Y, Bethea M, Wade A, Hunter CS. The Ldb1 transcriptional co-regulator is required for establishment and maintenance of the pancreatic endocrine lineage. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22460. [PMID: 35881062 PMCID: PMC9397370 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200410r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet cell development is regulated by transcription factors (TFs) that mediate embryonic progenitor differentiation toward mature endocrine cells. Prior studies from our lab and others showed that the islet-enriched TF, Islet-1 (Isl1), interacts with the broadly-expressed transcriptional co-regulator, Ldb1, to regulate islet cell maturation and postnhyperatal function (by embryonic day (E)18.5). However, Ldb1 is expressed in the developing pancreas prior to Isl1 expression, notably in multipotent progenitor cells (MPCs) marked by Pdx1 and endocrine progenitors (EPs) expressing Neurogenin-3 (Ngn3). MPCs give rise to the endocrine and exocrine pancreas, while Ngn3+ EPs specify pancreatic islet endocrine cells. We hypothesized that Ldb1 is required for progenitor identity in MPC and EP populations during development to impact islet appearance and function. To test this, we generated a whole-pancreas Ldb1 knockout, termed Ldb1ΔPanc , and observed severe developmental and postnatal pancreas defects including disorganized progenitor pools, a significant reduction of Ngn3-expressing EPs, Pdx1HI β-cells, and early hormone+ cells. Ldb1ΔPanc neonates presented with severe hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and drastically reduced hormone expression in islets, yet no change in total pancreas mass. This supports the endocrine-specific actions of Ldb1. Considering this, we also developed an endocrine-enriched model of Ldb1 loss, termed Ldb1ΔEndo . We observed similar dysglycemia in this model, as well as a loss of islet identity markers. Through in vitro and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we found that Ldb1 occupies key Pdx1 and Ngn3 promoter domains. Our findings provide insight into novel regulation of endocrine cell differentiation that may be vital toward improving cell-based diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Toren
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yanping Liu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Maigen Bethea
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alexa Wade
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Serra-Navarro B, Fernandez-Ruiz R, García-Alamán A, Pradas-Juni M, Fernandez-Rebollo E, Esteban Y, Mir-Coll J, Mathieu J, Dalle S, Hahn M, Ahlgren U, Weinstein LS, Vidal J, Gomis R, Gasa R. Gsα-dependent signaling is required for postnatal establishment of a functional β-cell mass. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101264. [PMID: 34091063 PMCID: PMC8239471 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early postnatal life is a critical period for the establishment of the functional β-cell mass that will sustain whole-body glucose homeostasis during the lifetime. β cells are formed from progenitors during embryonic development but undergo significant expansion in quantity and attain functional maturity after birth. The signals and pathways involved in these processes are not fully elucidated. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an intracellular signaling molecule that is known to regulate insulin secretion, gene expression, proliferation, and survival of adult β cells. The heterotrimeric G protein Gs stimulates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylyl cyclase. In this study, we sought to explore the role of Gs-dependent signaling in postnatal β-cell development. METHODS To study Gs-dependent signaling, we generated conditional knockout mice in which the α subunit of the Gs protein (Gsα) was ablated from β-cells using the Cre deleter line Ins1Cre. Mice were characterized in terms of glucose homeostasis, including in vivo glucose tolerance, glucose-induced insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. β-cell mass was studied using histomorphometric analysis and optical projection tomography. β-cell proliferation was studied by ki67 and phospho-histone H3 immunostatining, and apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Gene expression was determined in isolated islets and sorted β cells by qPCR. Intracellular cAMP was studied in isolated islets using HTRF-based technology. The activation status of the cAMP and insulin-signaling pathways was determined by immunoblot analysis of the relevant components of these pathways in isolated islets. In vitro proliferation of dissociated islet cells was assessed by BrdU incorporation. RESULTS Elimination of Gsα in β cells led to reduced β-cell mass, deficient insulin secretion, and severe glucose intolerance. These defects were evident by weaning and were associated with decreased proliferation and inadequate expression of key β-cell identity and maturation genes in postnatal β-cells. Additionally, loss of Gsα caused a broad multilevel disruption of the insulin transduction pathway that resulted in the specific abrogation of the islet proliferative response to insulin. CONCLUSION We conclude that Gsα is required for β-cell growth and maturation in the early postnatal stage and propose that this is partly mediated via its crosstalk with insulin signaling. Our findings disclose a tight connection between these two pathways in postnatal β cells, which may have implications for using cAMP-raising agents to promote β-cell regeneration and maturation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Serra-Navarro
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fernandez-Ruiz
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Ainhoa García-Alamán
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Marta Pradas-Juni
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Rebollo
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Yaiza Esteban
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Joan Mir-Coll
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Mathieu
- CHU Montpellier, Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), Hospital St-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephane Dalle
- CHU Montpellier, Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), Hospital St-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Max Hahn
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josep Vidal
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Gomis
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Gasa
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain.
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8
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Dumasia NP, Khanna AP, Pethe PS. Sonic hedgehog signals hinder the transcriptional network necessary for pancreatic endoderm formation from human embryonic stem cells. Genes Cells 2021; 26:282-297. [PMID: 33599359 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog morphogens govern multiple aspects of pancreas organogenesis and functioning with diverse outcomes across species. Although most current differentiation protocols repress Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signals during in vitro endocrine specification, the role and mechanisms through which the SHH pathway antagonizes pancreas development during in vitro human embryonic stem (hES) cell differentiation remain unclear. We modulated SHH signaling at transitory stages of hES cell-derived pancreatic progenitors and analyzed the effect on cellular fate decisions. We identify the Hedgehog pathway as a negative regulator of pancreatic endoderm formation through up-regulation of a set of pancreatobiliary markers required for ductal specification, including SOX17, FOXA2, HNF1β, HNF6, PDX1, and SOX9. Surprisingly, active Hedgehog signals impeded a group of pancreatic epithelium markers, including HNF4α, HHEX, PAX6, and PTF1α. To understand how SHH signals repress the transcription of these specific markers, we analyzed Polycomb group proteins. We found differential expression of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 subunit, BMI1 upon Shh pathway modulation in the pancreatic progenitors. Ectopic activation of Sonic hedgehog results in over-expression of BMI1 and its associated repressive histone mark, H2AK119Ub1, in the multipotent progenitors. Our data suggest that Sonic hedgehog restricts the pancreatic differentiation program by limiting progenitor cells acquiring pancreatic epithelial fates and instead promotes pancreatobiliary differentiation. We further provide mechanistic cues of an association between Hedgehog signaling and epigenetic silencers during pancreatic lineage decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufer P Dumasia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (deemed to-be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Aparna P Khanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (deemed to-be) University, Mumbai, India
- Centre for Computational Biology & Translational Research, Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad S Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
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Mesenchymal stem cells of Systemic Sclerosis patients, derived from different sources, show a profibrotic microRNA profiling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7144. [PMID: 31073190 PMCID: PMC6509164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a disease with limited therapeutic possibilities. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-therapy could be a promising therapeutic option, however the ideal MSCs source has not yet been found. To address this problem, we perform comparison between bone marrow (BM)-MSCs and adipose (A)-MSCs, by the miRs expression profile, to identify the gene modulation in these two MSCs source. MicroRNAs (miRs) are RNAs sequences, regulating gene expression and MSCs, derived from different tissues, may differently respond to the SSc microenvironment. The miRs array was used for the miRs profiling and by DIANA-mirPath tool we identified the biological functions of the dysregulated miRs. In SSc-BM-MSCs, 6 miRs were significantly down-regulated and 4 miRs up-regulated. In SSc-A-MSCs, 11 miRs were significantly down-regulated and 3 miRs up-regulated. Interestingly, in both the sources, the involved pathways included the senescence mechanisms and the pro-fibrotic behaviour. Furthermore, both the MSCs sources showed potential compensatory ability. A deeper knowledge of this miRs signature might give more information about some pathogenic steps of the disease and in the same time clarify the possible therapeutic role of autologous MSCs in the regenerative therapy in SSc.
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Grindheim JM, Nicetto D, Donahue G, Zaret KS. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Proteins EZH1 and EZH2 Regulate Timing of Postnatal Hepatocyte Maturation and Fibrosis by Repressing Genes With Euchromatic Promoters in Mice. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1834-1848. [PMID: 30689973 PMCID: PMC6599454 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about mechanisms that underlie postnatal hepatocyte maturation and fibrosis at the chromatin level. We investigated the transcription of genes involved in maturation and fibrosis in postnatal hepatocytes of mice, focusing on the chromatin compaction the roles of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 histone methyltransferases EZH1 and EZH2. METHODS Hepatocytes were isolated from mixed background C57BL/6J-C3H mice, as well as mice with liver-specific disruption of Ezh1 and/or Ezh2, at postnatal day 14 and 2 months after birth. Liver tissues were collected and analyzed by RNA sequencing, H3K27me3 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and sonication-resistant heterochromatin sequencing (a method to map heterochromatin and euchromatin). Liver damage was characterized by histologic analysis. RESULTS We found more than 3000 genes differentially expressed in hepatocytes during liver maturation from postnatal day 14 to month 2 after birth. Disruption of Ezh1 and Ezh2 in livers caused perinatal hepatocytes to differentiate prematurely and to express genes at postnatal day 14 that would normally be induced by month 2 and differentiate prematurely. Loss of Ezh1 and Ezh2 also resulted in liver fibrosis. Genes with H3K27me3-postive and H3K4me3-positive euchromatic promoters were prematurely induced in hepatocytes with loss of Ezh1 and Ezh2-these genes included those that regulate hepatocyte maturation, fibrosis, and genes not specifically associated with the liver lineage. CONCLUSIONS The Polycomb repressive complex 2 proteins EZH1 and EZH2 regulate genes that control hepatocyte maturation and fibrogenesis and genes not specifically associated with the liver lineage by acting at euchromatic promoter regions. EZH1 and EZH2 thereby promote liver homeostasis and prevent liver damage. Strategies to manipulate Polycomb proteins might be used to improve hepatocyte derivation protocols or developed for treatment of patients with liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mae Grindheim
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA.,Dept. Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA.,Dept. of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA
| | - Dario Nicetto
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA.,Dept. Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA
| | - Greg Donahue
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA.,Dept. Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA
| | - Kenneth S Zaret
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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11
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Modulation of the endocrine transcriptional program by targeting histone modifiers of the H3K27me3 mark. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018. [PMID: 29530603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional modifications of histones constitute an epigenetic mechanism that is closely linked to both gene silencing and activation events. Trimethylation of Histone3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is a repressive mark that associates with developmental gene regulation during differentiation programs. In the developing pancreas, expression of the transcription factor Neurogenin3 in multipotent progenitors initiates endocrine differentiation that culminates in the generation of all pancreatic islet cell lineages, including insulin-producing beta cells. Previously, we showed that Neurogenin3 promoted the removal of H3K27me3 marks at target gene promoters in vitro, suggesting a functional connection between this factor and regulators of this chromatin mark. In the present study, we aimed to specifically evaluate whether targeting the activity of these histone modifiers can be used to modulate pancreatic endocrine differentiation. Our data show that chemical inhibition of the H3K27me3 demethylases Jmjd3/Utx blunts Neurogenin3-dependent gene activation in vitro. Conversely, inhibition of the H3K27me3 methyltransferase Ezh2 enhances both the transactivation ability of Neurogenin3 in cultured cells and the formation of insulin-producing cells during directed differentiation from pluripotent cells. These results can help improve current protocols aimed at generating insulin-producing cells for beta cell replacement therapy in diabetes.
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