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Zhang S, Lu Y, Liu Y, Wang M, Xu S, Li Y, Wu H, Pei Q, Yang L, Lu L, Xiong Y, Liu Y, Chen S, Yao Q, Kang Q, Li Y, Chen D, Zhang X, Tang N, Li Z. Neglected function of gastrin to reduce feeding in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) via cholecystokinin receptor B. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:941-954. [PMID: 38381278 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Gastrin is an important intragastrointestinal hormone, but reports on its regulation of feeding behavior in fish are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the feeding regulatory function of gastrin in sturgeon. In this study, a gastrin/cholecystokinin-like peptide was identified in the genomes of sturgeon and proved to be gastrin by evolutionary tree analysis. Tissue distribution of gastrin and its receptor, cholecystokinin receptor B (CCKRB), showed that both had high mRNA abundance in the hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract. In the duodenum, gastrin and CCKRB mRNAs were reduced at 1 h of fasting, and both were also observed in the stomach and hypothalamus in response to changes in feeding status. Sulfated gastrin 17 is the major form of gastrin in vivo. Therefore, we investigated the effect of sulfated gastrin 17 on feeding by intraperitoneal injection into Siberian sturgeon using sulfated gastrin 17. The results showed that gastrin 17 significantly reduced the cumulative feeding of Siberian sturgeon in the short term (1, 3 and 6 h) and long term (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 days). Finally, we explored the potential mechanism of feeding inhibition after intraperitoneal injection of gastrin 17 for 7 consecutive days. The results showed that gastrin 17 treatment significantly increased the mRNA levels of anorexigenic peptides (cart, cck and pyy), while it had no significant effect on the mRNA abundance of orexigenic peptides (npy and agrp). In addition, gastrin 17 treatment significantly affected the expression of appetite signaling pathways in the hypothalamus, such that the mRNA expression of ampkα1 was significantly reduced, whereas the mRNA abundance of stat3, mtor and s6k was significantly increased. In conclusion, the present study confirmed the anorectic effect of gastrin on Siberian sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongpei Lu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Chengdu Agricultural College, 392# Detong Bridge, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoqi Xu
- Sichuan Fisheries School, 18# Dujuan Road, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Chengdu Agricultural College, 392# Detong Bridge, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qaolin Pei
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Yuxi Agricultural Vocational-Technical College, 41# Xiangjiazhuang, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yixiao Xiong
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youlian Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuhuang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Kang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingzi Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Naomi R, Teoh SH, Halim S, Embong H, Hasain Z, Bahari H, Kumar J. Unraveling Obesity: Transgenerational Inheritance, Treatment Side Effects, Flavonoids, Mechanisms, Microbiota, Redox Balance, and Bioavailability-A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1549. [PMID: 37627544 PMCID: PMC10451614 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is known as a transgenerational vicious cycle and has become a global burden due to its unavoidable complications. Modern approaches to obesity management often involve the use of pharmaceutical drugs and surgeries that have been associated with negative side effects. In contrast, natural antioxidants, such as flavonoids, have emerged as a promising alternative due to their potential health benefits and minimal side effects. Thus, this narrative review explores the potential protective role of flavonoids as a natural antioxidant in managing obesity. To identify recent in vivo studies on the efficiency of flavonoids in managing obesity, a comprehensive search was conducted on Wiley Online Library, Scopus, Nature, and ScienceDirect. The search was limited to the past 10 years; from the search, we identified 31 articles to be further reviewed. Based on the reviewed articles, we concluded that flavonoids offer novel therapeutic strategies for preventing obesity and its associated co-morbidities. This is because the appropriate dosage of flavonoid compounds is able to reduce adipose tissue mass, the formation of intracellular free radicals, enhance endogenous antioxidant defences, modulate the redox balance, and reduce inflammatory signalling pathways. Thus, this review provides an insight into the domain of a natural product therapeutic approach for managing obesity and recapitulates the transgenerational inheritance of obesity, the current available treatments to manage obesity and its side effects, flavonoids and their sources, the molecular mechanism involved, the modulation of gut microbiota in obesity, redox balance, and the bioavailability of flavonoids. In toto, although flavonoids show promising positive outcome in managing obesity, a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the advantageous impacts of flavonoids-achieved through translation to clinical trials-would provide a novel approach to inculcating flavonoids in managing obesity in the future as this review is limited to animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Shariff Halim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Technology Mara (UiTM) Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Zubaidah Hasain
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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3
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Neuromedin U regulates food intake of Siberian sturgeon through the modulation of central and peripheral appetite factors. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:904-918. [PMID: 35658963 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU) has a critical function on the regulation of food intake in mammals, while the information is little in teleost. To investigate the function of NMU on appetite regulation of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), this study first cloned nmu cDNA sequence that encoded 154 amino acids including NMU-25 peptide. Besides, the results showed that nmu mRNA was widely distributed in various tissues especially in the hypothalamus and telencephalon. The results of nutritional status (pre-feeding and post-feeding, fasting and re-feeding) experiments showed that nmu mRNA expression was significantly decreased at 1 and 3 h after feeding in different brain regions. Similarly, after feeding, the expression of nmu significantly decreased in peripheral tissues. Moreover, nmu expression in the hypothalamus was significantly increased after fasting 1 d, but decreased after fasting 17 d, which was significantly reversed after re-feeding. However, other brain regions like telencephalon and peripheral tissues like oesophagus, intestinum valvula and liver have different change patterns. Further study showed that acute i.c.v. and i.p. injection of NMU and chronic i.p. injection of NMU significantly reduced the food intake in a dose-dependent mode. In addition, the expressions of several critical appetite factors (nmu, aplein, cart, cck, ghrelin, npy, nucb2, pyy and ucn3) were significantly affected by acute NMU-25 administration in the hypothalamus, intestinum valvula and liver. These results indicate that NMU-25 has the anorexigenic function on food intake by affecting different appetite factors in Siberian sturgeon, which provides a foundation for further exploring the appetite regulation networks in fish.
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Xie Y, Xiao K, Cai T, Shi X, Zhou L, Du H, Yang J, Hu G. Neuropeptides and hormones in hypothalamus-pituitary axis of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 330:114135. [PMID: 36181879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus and pituitary serve as important neuroendocrine center, which is able to secrete a variety of neuropeptides and hormones to participate in the regulation of reproduction, growth, stress and feeding in fish. Chinese sturgeon is a basal vertebrate lineage fish with a special evolutionary status, but the information on its neuroendocrine system is relatively scarce. Using the transcriptome data on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis of Chinese sturgeon as reference, we found out 46 hypothalamus neuropeptide genes, which were involved in regulation of reproduction, growth, stress and feeding. The results of sequence alignment showed that the neuroendocrine system of Chinese sturgeon evolves slowly, which confirms that Chinese sturgeon is a species with a slow phenotypic evolution rate. In addition, we also isolated six pituitary hormones genes from Chinese sturgeon, including reproductive hormones: follicle-stimulating homone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), growth-related hormones: growth hormone (GH)/prolactin (PRL)/somatolactin (SL), and stress-related hormone gene: proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Similar to teleost, immunostaining localization analysis in Chinese sturgeon pituitary showed that LH and FSH were located in the pituitary proximal pars distalis, SL was located in the pituitary rostral pars distalis, and POMC was located in the pituitary pars intermedia and pituitary rostral pars distalis. This study will give a contribution to enrich our information on the neuroendocrine system in Chinese sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Xie
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Tianyi Cai
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hejun Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Guangfu Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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5
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Bosi G, Maynard BJ, Pironi F, Sayyaf Dezfuli B. Parasites and the neuroendocrine control of fish intestinal function: an ancient struggle between pathogens and host. Parasitology 2022; 149:1842-1861. [PMID: 36076315 PMCID: PMC11010486 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Most individual fish in wild and farmed populations can be infected with parasites. Fish intestines can harbour protozoans, myxozoans and helminths, which include several species of digeneans, cestodes, nematodes and acanthocephalans. Enteric parasites often induce inflammation of the intestine; the pathogen provokes changes in the host physiology, which will be genetically selected for if they benefit the parasite. The host response to intestinal parasites involves neural, endocrine and immune systems and interaction among these systems is coordinated by hormones, chemokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters including peptides. Intestinal fish parasites have effects on the components of the enteric nervous and endocrine systems; mechanical/chemical changes impair the activity of these systems, including gut motility and digestion. Investigations on the role of the neuroendocrine system in response to fish intestinal parasites are very few. This paper provides immunohistochemical and ultrastructural data on effects of parasites on the enteric nervous system and the enteric endocrine system in several fish–parasite systems. Emphasis is on the occurrence of 21 molecules including cholecystokinin-8, neuropeptide Y, enkephalins, galanin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and serotonin in infected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Bosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, St. dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Barbara J. Maynard
- The Institute for Learning and Teaching, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Flavio Pironi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Chen D, Li Y, Wu H, Wu Y, Tang N, Chen S, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Li Z. Ghrelin-Ghrelin receptor (GSHR) pathway via endocannabinoid signal affects the expression of NPY to promote the food intake of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Horm Behav 2022; 143:105199. [PMID: 35597053 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous data suggested that activation of endocannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) was necessary for the orexigenic effect of Ghrelin in rodents, but the information is limited in teleosts. To investigate the feeding regulation pathway of Ghrelin and CB1 in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), this study first identified the Ghrelin (345 bp, complete coding sequence) and Ghrelin receptor (GHSR, 500 bp, partial coding sequence) sequences, and then detected their tissue distribution patterns, which showed that Ghrelin is mainly distribution in peripheral tissues, while GSHR is mainly in different brain divisions. Besides, the qPCR before and after feeding showed that the mRNA expressions of Ghrelin and GHSR were inhibited after feeding in telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon. Subsequently, the food intake and appetite factor expressions were measured by i.c.v. co-injection of Ghrelin and GSHR antagonist. The results showed that Ghrelin promoted the food intake of Siberian sturgeon, which was reversed by its receptor antagonist. Besides, i.c.v. injection of Ghrelin decreased telencephalon CART expression while increased NPY expression in the three brain regions. In addition, to further explore the relationship of Ghrelin and CB1 signal regulating feeding, the co-injection of Ghrelin and CB1 antagonists was performed. The results showed that AM6545 (CB1 peripheral restricted antagonist) failed to affect the orexigenic effect of Ghrelin and the expression pattern of NPY mRNA in the telencephalon. While in the diencephalon, the increase of food intake and NPY mRNA expression induced by Ghrelin was completely reversed by Rimonabant (CB1 global antagonist). These results indicate Ghrelin-GSHR pathway promotes the food intake of Siberian sturgeon by inducing the expression of NPY in the diencephalon, and the stimulating effect will be reversed by cannabinoid receptor antagonism. This study provides a foundation for understanding the pathways Ghrelin and CB1 signals in appetite regulation of the teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211#, Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingzi Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211#, Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211#, Huimin Road, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Agricultural College, 392#, Detong Bridge Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanbing Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211#, Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211#, Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuhuang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211#, Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Youlian Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211#, Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, 1124#, Dongtong Road, Neijiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211#, Huimin Road, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211#, Huimin Road, Chengdu, China.
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Molecular cloning, expression and appetite regulation function of adiponectin in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:360-369. [PMID: 35716794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (AdipoQ) as an adipocytokine has the potential to regulate feeding behavior, but the information about adipoq in fish is limited. In this study, Siberian sturgeon adiponectin (Ssadipoq) gene was cloned encoding 264 amino acids. The amino acid identity of SsAdipoQ was low compared with that of mammals, birds, amphibians and teleost fishes. The expression of Ssadipoq in the hypothalamus was significantly decreased at 1 h and 3 h post feeding, and increased after 15-day fasting. The mature domain of AdipoQ (fAd) was inserted into expression vector pET32a and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) after stimulated by isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside. Food intake at 1 h and 3 h post treatment with SsfAd protein decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of pyy and cck in the valvula intestine was promoted and hypothalamic npy, agrp and pomc mRNA expression were inhibited after treatment with SsfAd protein. Furthermore, hypothalamic ampk subunits expression was associated with peripheral SsfAd treatment. In summary, present study indicate that SsfAd plays an important role in the regulation of food intake and appetite signals in Siberian sturgeon, which provides a basis for further study application of prokaryotic AdipoQ in feeding behavior regulation.
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Xu S, Wang M, Li Y, Tang N, Zhang X, Chen H, Zhang S, Liu Y, Wang J, Chen D, Li Z. Cloning and expression of kiss genes and regulation of feeding in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:419-436. [PMID: 35184249 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In 1996, kiss was reported to regulate feeding in mammals, but studies are limited in fish. Our study aimed to explore the possible role of kiss in the regulation of feeding in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). kiss1 and kiss2 were cloned, and the expression patterns were analyzed in Siberian sturgeon. The complete coding regions of kiss1 and kiss2 genes were 393 and 471 bp. Both kiss1 and kiss2 showed the highest expression level in the hypothalamus. During the periprandial and fasting experiments, the expression of kiss1 and kiss2 highly significantly increased in the hypothalamus after feeding (P < 0.01). Compared with the feeding group, in hypothalamus, kiss1 expression in the fasting group highly significantly decreased (P < 0.01). In contrast, kiss2 expression had no significant difference on days 1 and 7 (P > 0.05) but highly significantly increased on day 14 (P < 0.01). Subsequently, the feeding function was verified by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Kp1(10) and Kp1(10) into fish. The results showed that i.p. injection of 1 µg/g BW Kp1(10) or 0.01 µg/g BW Kp2(10) could significantly reduce 0-1 h food intake (P < 0.05) and affected the expression levels of apelin, ghrelin, leptin, nmu, etc. in the hypothalamus. These results suggested that kiss1 plays an anorexic role in both short- and long-term feeding regulation, while kiss2 plays a short-term anorexic and long-term orexigenic role. This study described kiss as a novel regulator of appetite in fish and laid the groundwork for further studies focused on physiological function. HIGHLIGHTS: • The kiss1 and kiss2 of Siberian sturgeon were cloned. • The expression levels of kiss1 and kiss2 mRNA were the highest in the hypothalamus. • Postprandial hypothalamic kiss1 and kiss2 expression levels increased in the periprandial experiment. • In the fasting test, the expression of hypothalamic kiss1 decreased after fasting, while the expression of kiss2 increased after fasting on the 14th day. • Siberian sturgeon food intake was reduced, and appetite factors expression levels in the hypothalamus were altered after intraperitoneal injection of Kp1(10) and Kp2(10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shupeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Defang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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9
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Gomes AS, Lygre E, Harboe T, Zimmermann F, Jordal AEO, Hamre K, Rønnestad I. The role of cholecystokinin and peptide YY in feed intake in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) larvae. Neuropeptides 2022; 91:102202. [PMID: 34741845 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Control of appetite and feed intake in fish larvae are still largely unexplored. Two of the key players in controlling vertebrate's feed intake are cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY). Here we investigated the mRNA expression of pyy, cck and cck receptors (cckr) in the brain (head) and gut of Atlantic halibut larvae in response to three consecutive meals. We used Artemia nauplii cysts that are commonly ingested by halibut larvae when present as inert feed, and three water-soluble extracts as attractants to stimulate appetite. Cyst intake was not affected by the use of attractants and overall ingestion rate was low. Differences in mRNA expression of cck and pyy were observed between the halibut larvae that had eaten and those that had not despite readily available feed (cysts), supporting that mechanisms for control of feed intake are at least partly functional. All genes analysed were present in the brain and gut, however the different expression profiles between paralogues suggest potential divergent functions. In the gut, cck2 and pyyb mRNA expression was significantly higher in the larvae that ate cysts compared to larvae that decided to not eat, indicating that these genes play a satiety function in the halibut larvae similar to the general vertebrate scheme. However, cck2, cck2r1, and pyy mRNA expression in the brain were lower in the fed-filled larvae group compared to larvae before eating, which contrasts with the presumable anorectic function of these genes. Further research is required to fully evaluate how PYY and CCK affect the feeding biology in halibut larvae, contributing to formulate inert diets that can stimulate appetite and feed intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Endre Lygre
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll, Norway; Sogn Aqua AS, Bjordal, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Yu X, Yan H, Li W. Recent advances in neuropeptide-related omics and gene editing: Spotlight on NPY and somatostatin and their roles in growth and food intake of fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1023842. [PMID: 36267563 PMCID: PMC9576932 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1023842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding and growth are two closely related and important physiological processes in living organisms. Studies in mammals have provided us with a series of characterizations of neuropeptides and their receptors as well as their roles in appetite control and growth. The central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus, plays an important role in the regulation of appetite. Based on their role in the regulation of feeding, neuropeptides can be classified as orexigenic peptide and anorexigenic peptide. To date, the regulation mechanism of neuropeptide on feeding and growth has been explored mainly from mammalian models, however, as a lower and diverse vertebrate, little is known in fish regarding the knowledge of regulatory roles of neuropeptides and their receptors. In recent years, the development of omics and gene editing technology has accelerated the speed and depth of research on neuropeptides and their receptors. These powerful techniques and tools allow a more precise and comprehensive perspective to explore the functional mechanisms of neuropeptides. This paper reviews the recent advance of omics and gene editing technologies in neuropeptides and receptors and their progresses in the regulation of feeding and growth of fish. The purpose of this review is to contribute to a comparative understanding of the functional mechanisms of neuropeptides in non-mammalians, especially fish.
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11
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Wang M, Xu S, Li Y, Tang N, Chen H, Zhang S, Liu Y, Wang J, Chen D, Zhang X, Li Z. Identification, tissue distribution, and anorexigenic effect of amylin in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 263:111079. [PMID: 34534676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Amylin is a 37-amino acid polypeptide that has been found to be involved in feeding regulation in some mammals, birds, and goldfish. We cloned amylin of Siberian sturgeon and detected its distribution pattern in 15 tissues. The expression levels in the periprandial period (pre-and post-feeding), the changes in the food intake, and the expression levels of related appetite factors after the intraperitoneal injection of amylin were detected. The expression of amylin was found to be the highest in the hypothalamus. Compared with 1 h pre-feeding, the expression levels of amylin in the hypothalamus and duodenum were increased significantly 1 h post-feeding. Compared with the control group (saline), intraperitoneal injection of 50 ng/g, 100 ng/g, and 200 ng/g of amylin significantly inhibited food intake at 1 h post injection, but not at 3 h and 6 h. The injection of 50 ng/g, 100 ng/g, and 200 ng/g amylin significantly inhibited the cumulative feed. After 1 h of 50 ng/g amylin injection, the levels of MC4R and somatostatin in the hypothalamus increased significantly, while the levels of amylin and NPY decreased significantly. The levels of CCK in the valvular intestine were increased significantly. Insulin in the duodenum was also increased significantly, but there was no significant change in ghrelin in the duodenum. These results show that amylin inhibits feeding in Siberian sturgeon by down-regulating the appetite-stimulating factor NPY and up-regulating the appetite-suppressing factors somatostatin, MC4R, CCK, and insulin. This study provides a theoretical basis for studying the feeding function and action mechanisms of amylin in Siberian sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shaoqi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shupeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Tinoco AB, Barreiro-Iglesias A, Yañez Guerra LA, Delroisse J, Zhang Y, Gunner EF, Zampronio CG, Jones AM, Egertová M, Elphick MR. Ancient role of sulfakinin/cholecystokinin-type signalling in inhibitory regulation of feeding processes revealed in an echinoderm. eLife 2021; 10:e65667. [PMID: 34488941 PMCID: PMC8428848 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfakinin (SK)/cholecystokinin (CCK)-type neuropeptides regulate feeding and digestion in protostomes (e.g. insects) and chordates. Here, we characterised SK/CCK-type signalling for the first time in a non-chordate deuterostome - the starfish Asterias rubens (phylum Echinodermata). In this species, two neuropeptides (ArSK/CCK1, ArSK/CCK2) derived from the precursor protein ArSK/CCKP act as ligands for an SK/CCK-type receptor (ArSK/CCKR) and these peptides/proteins are expressed in the nervous system, digestive system, tube feet, and body wall. Furthermore, ArSK/CCK1 and ArSK/CCK2 cause dose-dependent contraction of cardiac stomach, tube foot, and apical muscle preparations in vitro, and injection of these neuropeptides in vivo triggers cardiac stomach retraction and inhibition of the onset of feeding in A. rubens. Thus, an evolutionarily ancient role of SK/CCK-type neuropeptides as inhibitory regulators of feeding-related processes in the Bilateria has been conserved in the unusual and unique context of the extra-oral feeding behaviour and pentaradial body plan of an echinoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Tinoco
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Antón Barreiro-Iglesias
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jérôme Delroisse
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ya Zhang
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth F Gunner
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Cleidiane G Zampronio
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics, Research Technology Platform, University of WarwickCoventryUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Jones
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics, Research Technology Platform, University of WarwickCoventryUnited Kingdom
| | - Michaela Egertová
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
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13
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Schalla MA, Taché Y, Stengel A. Neuroendocrine Peptides of the Gut and Their Role in the Regulation of Food Intake. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1679-1730. [PMID: 33792904 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of food intake encompasses complex interplays between the gut and the brain. Among them, the gastrointestinal tract releases different peptides that communicate the metabolic state to specific nuclei in the hindbrain and the hypothalamus. The present overview gives emphasis on seven peptides that are produced by and secreted from specialized enteroendocrine cells along the gastrointestinal tract in relation with the nutritional status. These established modulators of feeding are ghrelin and nesfatin-1 secreted from gastric X/A-like cells, cholecystokinin (CCK) secreted from duodenal I-cells, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin, and peptide YY (PYY) secreted from intestinal L-cells and uroguanylin (UGN) released from enterochromaffin (EC) cells. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1679-1730, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Schalla
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvette Taché
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Physical and nutrient stimuli differentially modulate gut motility patterns, gut transit rate, and transcriptome in an agastric fish, the ballan wrasse. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247076. [PMID: 33571240 PMCID: PMC7877642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of nutrient and mechanical sensing on gut motility and intestinal metabolism in lower vertebrates remains largely unknown. Here we present the transcriptome response to luminal stimulation by nutrients and an inert bolus on nutrient response pathways and also the response on gut motility in a stomachless fish with a short digestive tract; the ballan wrasse (Labrus berggylta). Using an in vitro model, we differentiate how signals initiated by physical stretch (cellulose and plastic beads) and nutrients (lipid and protein) modulate the gut evacuation rate, motility patterns and the transcriptome. Intestinal stretch generated by inert cellulose initiated a faster evacuation of digesta out of the anterior intestine compared to digestible protein and lipid. Stretch on the intestine upregulated genes associated with increased muscle activity, whereas nutrients stimulated increased expression of several neuropeptides and receptors which are directly involved in gut motility regulation. Although administration of protein and lipid resulted in similar bulbous evacuation times, differences in intestinal motility, transit between the segments and gene expression between the two were observed. Lipid induced increased frequency of ripples and standing contraction in the middle section of the intestine compared to the protein group. We suggest that this difference in motility was modulated by factors [prepronociceptin (pnoca), prodynorphin (pdyn) and neuromedin U (nmu), opioid neurotransmitters and peptides] that are known to inhibit gastrointestinal motility and were upregulated by protein and not lipid. Our findings show that physical pressure in the intestine initiate contractions propelling the bolus distally, directly towards the exit, whereas the stimuli from nutrients modulates the motility to prolong the residence time of digesta in the digestive tract for optimal digestion.
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15
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Blanco AM, Calo J, Soengas JL. The gut–brain axis in vertebrates: implications for food intake regulation. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/1/jeb231571. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.231571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The gut and brain are constantly communicating and influencing each other through neural, endocrine and immune signals in an interaction referred to as the gut–brain axis. Within this communication system, the gastrointestinal tract, including the gut microbiota, sends information on energy status to the brain, which, after integrating these and other inputs, transmits feedback to the gastrointestinal tract. This allows the regulation of food intake and other physiological processes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract, including motility, secretion, digestion and absorption. Although extensive literature is available on the mechanisms governing the communication between the gut and the brain in mammals, studies on this axis in other vertebrates are scarce and often limited to a single species, which may not be representative for obtaining conclusions for an entire group. This Review aims to compile the available information on the gut–brain axis in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, with a special focus on its involvement in food intake regulation and, to a lesser extent, in digestive processes. Additionally, we will identify gaps of knowledge that need to be filled in order to better understand the functioning and physiological significance of such an axis in non-mammalian vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén Melisa Blanco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Jessica Calo
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - José Luis Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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16
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Assan D, Huang Y, Mustapha UF, Addah MN, Li G, Chen H. Fish Feed Intake, Feeding Behavior, and the Physiological Response of Apelin to Fasting and Refeeding. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:798903. [PMID: 34975769 PMCID: PMC8715717 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.798903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed is one of the most important external signals in fish that stimulates its feeding behavior and growth. The intake of feed is the main factor determining efficiency and cost, maximizing production efficiency in a fish farming firm. The physiological mechanism regulating food intake lies between an intricate connection linking central and peripheral signals that are unified in the hypothalamus consequently responding to the release of appetite-regulating genes that eventually induce or hinder appetite, such as apelin; a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues with diverse physiological actions mediated by its receptor, such as feed regulation. Extrinsic factors have a great influence on food intake and feeding behavior in fish. Under these factors, feeding in fish is decontrolled and the appetite indicators in the brain do not function appropriately thus, in controlling conditions which result in the fluctuations in the expression of these appetite-relating genes, which in turn decrease food consumption. Here, we examine the research advancements in fish feeding behavior regarding dietary selection and preference and identify some key external influences on feed intake and feeding behavior. Also, we present summaries of the results of research findings on apelin as an appetite-regulating hormone in fish. We also identified gaps in knowledge and directions for future research to fully ascertain the functional importance of apelin in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Assan
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Umar Farouk Mustapha
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mercy Nabila Addah
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Bioscience, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Guangli Li
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huapu Chen
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Huapu Chen,
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17
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Yuan D, Zhang X, Wang B, Tang T, Lei L, Deng X, Zhou C, Li Z. Effects of feeding status on nucb1 and nucb2A mRNA expression in the hypothalamus of Schizothorax davidi. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1139-1154. [PMID: 32130563 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NUCB1 and NUCB2, two novel nucleobindins, have attracted extensive attention for their role in the appetite regulation in mammals. However, little is known about the appetite regulation of NUCB1 and NUCB2 in fish species. Therefore, we investigated the role of these peptides in the regulation of feeding in Schizothorax davidi (S. davidi). In this study, full-length cDNA sequences of nucb1 and nucb2A of S. davidi were obtained for the first time. Additionally, the tissue distribution and the effects of different energy status on nucb1 and nucb2A mRNAs abundance were assessed, showing that nucb1 and nucb2A are widely distributed in 18 detected tissues, with the highest expression in the cerebellum. The abundances of nucb1 and nucb2A increased in the hypothalamus at 1 h and 3 h post-feeding. Furthermore, fasting and re-feeding experiments showed that the expressions of nucb1 and nucb2A in hypothalamus significantly decreased after fasting for 7 days, and returned to the control level after re-feeding for 3 or 5 days. In conclusion, the present study suggests that both NUCB1 and NUCB2A are involved in the short-term and long-term appetite regulation, as an anorexigenic factor, in S. davidi. These results can provide a basis for further investigation into the appetite regulatory role of NUCB family in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyue Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- The Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Tang
- The Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luo Lei
- The Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingxing Deng
- The Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaowei Zhou
- The Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- The Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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18
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Belhadj S, Dal S, Khaskhoussi F, Maillard-Pedracini E, Hentati O, Sigrist S. Anorexic and metabolic effect of jojoba: potential treatment against metabolic syndrome and hepatic complications. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:24. [PMID: 32256672 PMCID: PMC7106724 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluation of the action of various traditional plants to treat metabolic syndrome are strongly studied. In our study, we investigated the effect of the Tunisian jojoba seed on a metabolic syndrome induced in rat by the High Fat diet and High Fructose (HFHF) and its renal and hepatic complications. Methods The rats were fed with HFHF or Normal Diet (ND) for a period of 8 weeks. After that, a switch from HFHF to ND or Normal Diet Jojoba (NDJ),(jojoba diet approach) or High Fat and High Fructose and Jojoba diet (HFHFJ) (nutraceutical approach) has been done. Metabolic disorder was evaluated by measuring the fasting body weight, glycemia and C-peptide and leptin. Oxidative stress parameters like ThioBarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAOC) were analyzed in the plasma and renal and hepatic function were determined by the measure of creatinine and alanine transferase (ALT) respectively. Histological analysis was performed on the liver, kidney and pancreas. Results HFHF diet exhibited characteristics of metabolic syndrome presented by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, fat mass with hepatic steatosis and renal disorder. HFHF diet was associated with oxidative stress (OS) presented by an increase in TBARS and a decrease in TAOC. Adding jojoba seeds to HFHF rat group diet induced a decrease in body weight, fat mass (58 and 41%), insulin resistance (59 and 56%), oxidative stress (60 and 41%), liver steatosis (from a score = 3 to a score = 0) and renal complications (25 and 42%). This effect was emphasized with diet approach. Conclusion The results demonstrated the beneficial effect of jojoba against metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress, suggesting that jojoba could be used in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahla Belhadj
- 1UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Federation of Traditional Medicine of Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stephanie Dal
- 1UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Federation of Traditional Medicine of Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Elisa Maillard-Pedracini
- 1UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Federation of Traditional Medicine of Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olfa Hentati
- 3Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra, Km 4, BP 1175, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.,4Laboratoire Génie Environnement et Ecotechnologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (LGEET LR16ES19-ENIS), Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra, Km 4, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- 1UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Federation of Traditional Medicine of Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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19
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Qi J, Tian Z, Tang N, Chen D, Li Z. Progress in understanding the roles of Urocortin3 (UCN3) in the control of appetite from studies using animal models. Peptides 2019; 121:170124. [PMID: 31415798 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin3 (UCN3), the newest member of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) family polypeptides, is an anorexic factor discovered in 2001, which has a strong inhibitory effect on animal appetite regulation. UCN3 is widely distributed in various tissues of animals and has many biological functions. Based on the research progress of UCN3 on mammals and non-mammals, this paper summarized the discovery, tissue distribution, appetite regulation and mechanism of UCN3 in animals, in order to provide a reference for feeding regulation and growth in mammals and fish in further research and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinwen Qi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengzhi Tian
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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20
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Le HTMD, Lie KK, Giroud-Argoud J, Rønnestad I, Sæle Ø. Effects of Cholecystokinin (CCK) on Gut Motility in the Stomachless Fish Ballan Wrasse ( Labrus bergylta). Front Neurosci 2019; 13:553. [PMID: 31231179 PMCID: PMC6568239 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is well-known as a key hormone that inhibits stomach emptying and stimulates midgut motility in gastric species. However, the function of CCK related to gut motility in agastric fish, especially in fish with a short digestive tract such as ballan wrasse, remains unknown. Here we present a detailed description of the spatio-temporal quantification of intestinal motility activity in vitro comprising the complete intestinal tract in ballan wrasse. We show that CCK modulates intestinal motility, having multiple effects on motility patterns depending on location in the gut and types of contractions. CCK reduced propagating contractions in the foregut, but it increased both non-propagating and propagating contractions in the hindgut. CCK also altered the direction of propagating contractions, as it reduced anterograde ripples and slow propagating contractions. The velocity of propagating contractions was slowed down by CCK. CCK also reduced the amplitude of standing contractions and ripples, but it did not alter the amplitude of slow propagating contractions. The presence of CCKA receptor antagonist modulated the motility responses of ballan wrasse intestines when exposed to CCK. We also showed that CCK reduced the intestinal length and stimulated motility to empty the gallbladder. Based on our findings we hypothesize that CCK, mainly through the CCKA receptor, modulates non-propagating and propagating contractions to optimize digestion and absorption and regulate the intestinal evacuation in ballan wrasse. We also found evidence that the modulation of intestinal motility by CCK is different in agastric fish from that in gastric vertebrates. We suggest that this is an evolutionary adaptation to optimize digestion without a stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang T M D Le
- Feed and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biological Sciences (BIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kai K Lie
- Feed and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences (BIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Sæle
- Feed and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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Zhang X, Qi J, Tang N, Wang S, Wu Y, Chen H, Tian Z, Wang B, Chen D, Li Z. Intraperitoneal injection of nesfatin-1 primarily through the CCK-CCK1R signal pathway affects expression of appetite factors to inhibit the food intake of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Peptides 2018; 109:14-22. [PMID: 30261207 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is an 82-amino acid protein derived from nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2), which could inhibit food intake in fish and mammals. However, the neuroendocrine mechanism of nesfatin-1 in animal appetite regulation is unclear. To explore the feeding mechanism of nesfatin-1 in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), intraperitoneal injections of nesfatin-1 and sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8), Lorglumide (CCK1R selective antagonist), or LY 225,910 (CCK2R selective antagonist) were performed. Co-injection of nesfatin-1 and CCK8 synergistically significantly decreased the food intake in 1 h. Lorglumide reversed the anorectic effect of nesfatin-1, but LY 225,910 had no effect. Moreover, Lorglumide could also reverse the expressions of appetite factors including nucb2, cck, unc3, cart, apelin, pyy, and npy induced by nesfatin-1 in the brain, stomach, and liver, while LY 225,910 partially reversed these changes. These results indicate that nesfatin-1 inhibits the appetite of Siberian sturgeon mainly through the CCK-CCK1R signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinwen Qi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanbing Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengzhi Tian
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Zhang X, Gao Y, Tang N, Qi J, Wu Y, Hao J, Wang S, Chen D, Li Z. One evidence of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) has the bidirectional effects on appetite in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:411-422. [PMID: 29143945 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), discovered in 1995, with various biological functions, has received much attention recently due to its role in the regulation of appetite in mammals. However, the function of CART on the appetite control in fish species is still not very clear. In this study, Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt) cart gene was cloned for the first time, and the cart mRNA levels in 11 feeding-related tissues was investigated. The Siberian sturgeon cart gene sequence was 1459 base pairs (bp), including a 3'-terminal untranslated region (3'-UTR) of 39 bp, a 5'-terminal untranslated region (5'-UTR) of 52 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 348 bp encoding 115 amino acids. Siberian sturgeon cart gene has three exons and two introns including 341 bp intron 1 and 679 bp intron 2. The result of tissue distribution showed that cart was widely distributed in 11 tissues with the highest expression in the whole brain. The effects of periprandial (pre- and post-feeding), fasting, and re-feeding on cart mRNA abundance in the whole brain were assessed. Periprandial result showed the expression of cart mRNA in the whole brain significantly elevated after feeding for 3 h. However, fasting experiment showed that the level of cart significantly decreased after 1 day of fasting, but that significantly increased after 3-17 days of food deprivation and returned to the basic level after 3 days of re-feeding in the fishes which were fasted for 15 days. In conclusion, this study suggests that CART has the bidirectional effects on appetite, which acts as a satiety factor in short-term feeding regulation but as a starvation factor in long-term appetite regulation in Siberian sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yundi Gao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinwen Qi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanbing Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Hao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China.
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