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Li Y, Jiang F, Niu L, Wang G, Yin J, Song X, Ottosen CO, Rosenqvist E, Mittler R, Wu Z, Zhou R. Synergistic regulation at physiological, transcriptional and metabolic levels in tomato plants subjected to a combination of salt and heat stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1656-1675. [PMID: 38055844 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
With global warming and climate change, abiotic stresses often simultaneously occur. Combined salt and heat stress was a common phenomenon that was severe, particularly in arid/semi-arid lands. We aimed to reveal the systematic responsive mechanisms of tomato genotypes with different salt/heat susceptibilities to combined salt and heat stress. Morphological and physiological responses of salt-tolerant/sensitive and heat-tolerant/sensitive tomatoes at control, heat, salt and combined stress were investigated. Based on leaf Fv /Fm and H2 O2 content, samples from tolerant genotype at the four treatments for 36 h were taken for transcriptomics and metabolomics. We found that plant height, dry weight and net photosynthetic rate decreased while leaf Na+ concentration increased in all four genotypes under salt and combined stress than control. Changes in physiological indicators such as photosynthetic parameters and defence enzyme activities in tomato under combined stress were regulated by the expression of relevant genes and the accumulation of key metabolites. We screened five key pathways in tomato responding to a combination of salt and heat stress, such as oxidative phosphorylation (map00190). Synergistic regulation at morphological, physiological, transcriptional and metabolic levels in tomato plants was induced by combined stress. Heat stress was considered as a dominant stressor for tomato plants under the current combined stress. The oxidative phosphorylation pathway played a key role in tomato in response to combined stress, where tapped key genes (e.g. alternative oxidase, Aox1a) need further functional analysis. Our study will provide a valuable resource important for studying stress combination and improving tomato tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Li
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Fangling Jiang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Lifei Niu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Ge Wang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus, N 8200, Denmark
| | - Eva Rosenqvist
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, 2630, Denmark
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Zhen Wu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus, N 8200, Denmark
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Shi C, Li F, Jia H, Dou X, Peng Y, Guo W. Identification and Localization of Labile Molecules in Broccoli Cell by CLA-ICP-MS and Single-Cell Nanospray HRMS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2454-2460. [PMID: 37830133 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Although molecular analysis and imaging by mass spectrometry are emerging as tools to identify metabolites and determine their distribution in cells and tissues, it is difficult to directly analyze the labile molecules at the single-cell level. Glucosinolate (GL) is a plant-active substance with much attention as a chemical defense mechanism known as a "mustard oil bomb" in broccoli. When tissue is damaged, these substances undergo rapid degradation, making them unsuitable for conventional mass spectrometry (MS), particularly for surface MS imaging analysis methods that necessitate intricate preprocessing. Herein, a strategy combining cryogenic laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (CLA-ICP-MS) and capillary microsampling nanospray high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was developed. The sulfur-rich microzone in tissue which was thought as a suspect GL-rich cell population was located via CLA-ICP-MS. Three GLs in single cells were accurately identified by nanospray HRMS with a hydrogen/deuterium exchange reaction. Subsequently, cell-by-cell imaging by nanospray HRMS showed that the GL-rich cells were below the stalk surface by approximately 30 μm. This proposed strategy can also be applied to rapidly identify labile compounds and localize molecule-rich cells in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hetian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Dou
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yue'e Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Wang H, Wang Y, Sang T, Lin Z, Li R, Ren W, Shen X, Zhao B, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhou S, Dai S, Hu H, Song CP, Wang P. Cell type-specific proteomics uncovers a RAF15-SnRK2.6/OST1 kinase cascade in guard cells. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2122-2137. [PMID: 37226855 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms such as plants contain various cell types with specialized functions. Analyzing the characteristics of each cell type reveals specific cell functions and enhances our understanding of organization and function at the organismal level. Guard cells (GCs) are specialized epidermal cells that regulate the movement of the stomata and gaseous exchange, and provide a model genetic system for analyzing cell fate, signaling, and function. Several proteomics analyses of GC are available, but these are limited in depth. Here we used enzymatic isolation and flow cytometry to enrich GC and mesophyll cell protoplasts and perform in-depth proteomics in these two major cell types in Arabidopsis leaves. We identified approximately 3,000 proteins not previously found in the GC proteome and more than 600 proteins that may be specific to GC. The depth of our proteomics enabled us to uncover a guard cell-specific kinase cascade whereby Raf15 and Snf1-related kinase2.6 (SnRK2.6)/OST1(open stomata 1) mediate abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. RAF15 directly phosphorylated SnRK2.6/OST1 at the conserved Ser175 residue in its activation loop and was sufficient to reactivate the inactive form of SnRK2.6/OST1. ABA-triggered SnRK2.6/OST1 activation and stomatal closure was impaired in raf15 mutants. We also showed enrichment of enzymes and flavone metabolism in GC, and consistent, dramatic accumulation of flavone metabolites. Our study answers the long-standing question of how ABA activates SnRK2.6/OST1 in GCs and represents a resource potentially providing further insights into the molecular basis of GC and mesophyll cell development, metabolism, structure, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yubei Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tian Sang
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Shanghai Bioprofile Technology Company Ltd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Weiwei Ren
- Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xin Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shaoqun Zhou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Yang S, Chen J, Ding Y, Huang Q, Chen G, Ulhassan Z, Wei J, Wang J. Genome-wide investigation and expression profiling of LOR gene family in rapeseed under salinity and ABA stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1197781. [PMID: 37324688 PMCID: PMC10264818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1197781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Brassica napus (B. napus) LOR (Lurp-One-Related) gene family is a little-known gene family characterized by a conserved LOR domain in the proteins. Limited research in Arabidopsis showed that LOR family members played important roles in Hyaloperonospora parasitica (Hpa) defense. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research investigating the role of the LOR gene family towards their responses to abiotic stresses and hormone treatments. This study encompassed a comprehensive survey of 56 LOR genes in B. napus, which is a prominent oilseed crop that holds substantial economic significance in China, Europe, and North America. Additionally, the study evaluated the expression profiles of these genes in response to salinity and ABA stress. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 56 BnLORs could be divided into 3 subgroups (8 clades) with uneven distribution on 19 chromosomes. 37 out of 56 BnLOR members have experienced segmental duplication and 5 of them have undergone tandem repeats events with strong evidence of purifying selection. Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) analysis indicated that BnLORs involved in process such as light response, hormone response, low temperature response, heat stress response, and dehydration response. The expression pattern of BnLOR family members revealed tissue specificity. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR were used to validate BnLOR gene expression under temperature, salinity and ABA stress, revealing that most BnLORs showed inducibility. This study enhanced our comprehension of the B. napus LOR gene family and could provide valuable information for identifying and selecting genes for stress resistant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonghe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangna Chen
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji’an Wei
- Mizuda Group Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Al-Khayri JM, Rashmi R, Toppo V, Chole PB, Banadka A, Sudheer WN, Nagella P, Shehata WF, Al-Mssallem MQ, Alessa FM, Almaghasla MI, Rezk AAS. Plant Secondary Metabolites: The Weapons for Biotic Stress Management. Metabolites 2023; 13:716. [PMID: 37367873 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in global temperature also favors the multiplication of pests and pathogens, which calls into question global food security. Plants have developed special coping mechanisms since they are sessile and lack an immune system. These mechanisms use a variety of secondary metabolites as weapons to avoid obstacles, adapt to their changing environment, and survive in less-than-ideal circumstances. Plant secondary metabolites include phenolic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, and terpenoids, which are stored in specialized structures such as latex, trichomes, resin ducts, etc. Secondary metabolites help the plants to be safe from biotic stressors, either by repelling them or attracting their enemies, or exerting toxic effects on them. Modern omics technologies enable the elucidation of the structural and functional properties of these metabolites along with their biosynthesis. A better understanding of the enzymatic regulations and molecular mechanisms aids in the exploitation of secondary metabolites in modern pest management approaches such as biopesticides and integrated pest management. The current review provides an overview of the major plant secondary metabolites that play significant roles in enhancing biotic stress tolerance. It examines their involvement in both indirect and direct defense mechanisms, as well as their storage within plant tissues. Additionally, this review explores the importance of metabolomics approaches in elucidating the significance of secondary metabolites in biotic stress tolerance. The application of metabolic engineering in breeding for biotic stress resistance is discussed, along with the exploitation of secondary metabolites for sustainable pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel M Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramakrishnan Rashmi
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Varsha Toppo
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Pranjali Bajrang Chole
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshatha Banadka
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Wudali Narasimha Sudheer
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Wael Fathi Shehata
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneera Qassim Al-Mssallem
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Mohammed Alessa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Ibrahim Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abdel-Sabour Rezk
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virus and Phytoplasma, Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
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AbdElgawad H, Zinta G, Hornbacher J, Papenbrock J, Markakis MN, Asard H, Beemster GTS. Elevated CO 2 mitigates the impact of drought stress by upregulating glucosinolate metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:812-830. [PMID: 36541032 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) reduces the impact of drought, but the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Therefore, we used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the interaction of drought and eCO2 in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Transcriptome and subsequent metabolite analyses identified a strong induction of the aliphatic glucosinolate (GL) biosynthesis as a main effect of eCO2 in drought-stressed leaves. Transcriptome results highlighted the upregulation of ABI5 and downregulation of WRKY63 transcription factors (TF), known to enhance and inhibit the expression of genes regulating aliphatic GL biosynthesis (e.g., MYB28 and 29 TFs), respectively. In addition, eCO2 positively regulated aliphatic GL biosynthesis by MYB28/29 and increasing the accumulation of GL precursors. To test the role of GLs in the stress-mitigating effect of eCO2 , we investigated the effect of genetic perturbations of the GL biosynthesis. Overexpression of MYB28, 29 and 76 improved drought tolerance by inducing stomatal closure and maintaining plant turgor, whereas loss of cyp79f genes reduced the stress-mitigating effect of eCO2 and decreased drought tolerance. Overall, the crucial role of GL metabolism in drought stress mitigation by eCO2 could be a beneficial trait to overcome future climate challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Jutta Papenbrock
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannove, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marios N Markakis
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Shomali A, Das S, Arif N, Sarraf M, Zahra N, Yadav V, Aliniaeifard S, Chauhan DK, Hasanuzzaman M. Diverse Physiological Roles of Flavonoids in Plant Environmental Stress Responses and Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223158. [PMID: 36432887 PMCID: PMC9699315 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are characterized as the low molecular weight polyphenolic compounds universally distributed in planta. They are a chemically varied group of secondary metabolites with a broad range of biological activity. The increasing amount of evidence has demonstrated the various physiological functions of flavonoids in stress response. In this paper, we provide a brief introduction to flavonoids' biochemistry and biosynthesis. Then, we review the recent findings on the alternation of flavonoid content under different stress conditions to come up with an overall picture of the mechanism of involvement of flavonoids in plants' response to various abiotic stresses. The participation of flavonoids in antioxidant systems, flavonoid-mediated response to different abiotic stresses, the involvement of flavonoids in stress signaling networks, and the physiological response of plants under stress conditions are discussed in this review. Moreover, molecular and genetic approaches to tailoring flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation under abiotic stress are addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Shomali
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, University of Tehran, Tehran 33916-53755, Iran
| | - Susmita Das
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Namira Arif
- D. D. Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
- Faculty of Environmental Studies, Dehli School of Journalism, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mohammad Sarraf
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, Government College for Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Vaishali Yadav
- Department of Botany, Multanimal Modi College Modinagar, Ghaziabad 201204, India
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, University of Tehran, Tehran 33916-53755, Iran
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- D. D. Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Nieves-Cordones M, Azeem F, Long Y, Boeglin M, Duby G, Mouline K, Hosy E, Vavasseur A, Chérel I, Simonneau T, Gaymard F, Leung J, Gaillard I, Thibaud JB, Véry AA, Boudaoud A, Sentenac H. Non-autonomous stomatal control by pavement cell turgor via the K+ channel subunit AtKC1. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2019-2037. [PMID: 35157082 PMCID: PMC9048897 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stomata optimize land plants' photosynthetic requirements and limit water vapor loss. So far, all of the molecular and electrical components identified as regulating stomatal aperture are produced, and operate, directly within the guard cells. However, a completely autonomous function of guard cells is inconsistent with anatomical and biophysical observations hinting at mechanical contributions of epidermal origins. Here, potassium (K+) assays, membrane potential measurements, microindentation, and plasmolysis experiments provide evidence that disruption of the Arabidopsis thaliana K+ channel subunit gene AtKC1 reduces pavement cell turgor, due to decreased K+ accumulation, without affecting guard cell turgor. This results in an impaired back pressure of pavement cells onto guard cells, leading to larger stomatal apertures. Poorly rectifying membrane conductances to K+ were consistently observed in pavement cells. This plasmalemma property is likely to play an essential role in K+ shuttling within the epidermis. Functional complementation reveals that restoration of the wild-type stomatal functioning requires the expression of the transgenic AtKC1 at least in the pavement cells and trichomes. Altogether, the data suggest that AtKC1 activity contributes to the building of the back pressure that pavement cells exert onto guard cells by tuning K+ distribution throughout the leaf epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin Boeglin
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Geoffrey Duby
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Karine Mouline
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | | | - Alain Vavasseur
- CEA Cadarache DSV DEVM LEMS UMR 163, CNRS/CEA, F-13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Thierry Simonneau
- INRA Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Place Viala, 2, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
| | - Frédéric Gaymard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Jeffrey Leung
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibaud
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
- Institut des biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-UM-ENSCM) Campus CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Duarte-Sierra A, Thomas M, Angers P, Arul J. Hydrogen Peroxide Can Enhance the Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds in Harvested Broccoli Florets. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.812123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) which participates in the signal transduction responses of plants toward biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to link the exposure of low doses of H2O2 to the improvement of the phytochemical composition of broccoli florets, in particular the content of glucosinolates (GLS), and hydroxy-cinnamates (HCA) without affecting the quality parameters of the vegetable. A dose of 1.25 mM H2O2 applied for 180 min was effective (hormetic) in maintaining the color of broccoli florets, which was also compared with a higher dose of 5.0 mM H2O2 applied for 180 min. The intensity of the treatments was related to respiration rate, which was monitored for 21 d at 4◦C along to weight loss. The initial respiration rate of florets exposed to both doses of H2O2 was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher relative to controls and resulted in weight loss in florets treated with the hormetic dose. The antioxidant capacity of florets, measured indirectly as Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and ascorbic acid (AA), decreased in florets exposed to both doses. The concentration of glucobrassicins, aliphatic GLS, and HCA was consistently higher in florets treated with the two doses, compared to non-exposed florets. The enhancement of these compounds was accompanied by the over expression, immediately (6 h) after treatments, of tryptophan N-hydroxylase 2 (CYP79B3), dihomomethionine N-hydroxylase (CYP79F1), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) genes. Overall, the tested doses of H2O2 positively influenced the augmentation of indole-type and aliphatic GLS, as well as HCA in broccoli florets.
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Lv Q, Li X, Fan B, Zhu C, Chen Z. The Cellular and Subcellular Organization of the Glucosinolate–Myrosinase System against Herbivores and Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031577. [PMID: 35163500 PMCID: PMC8836197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are an important class of secondary metabolites in Brassicales plants with a critical role in chemical defense. Glucosinolates are chemically inactive but can be hydrolyzed by myrosinases to produce a range of chemically active compounds toxic to herbivores and pathogens, thereby constituting the glucosinolate–myrosinase defense system or the mustard oil bomb. During the evolution, Brassicales plants have developed not only complex biosynthetic pathways for production of a large number of glucosinolate structures but also different classes of myrosinases that differ in catalytic mechanisms and substrate specificity. Studies over the past several decades have made important progress in the understanding of the cellular and subcellular organization of the glucosinolate–myrosinase system for rapid and timely detonation of the mustard oil bomb upon tissue damage after herbivore feeding and pathogen infection. Progress has also been made in understanding the mechanisms that herbivores and pathogens have evolved to counter the mustard oil bomb. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the function and organization of the glucosinolate–myrosinase system in Brassicales plants and discuss both the progresses and future challenges in addressing this complex defense system as an excellent model for analyzing plant chemical defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Lv
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xifeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Baofang Fan
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA;
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-571-8683-6090 (C.Z.); +1-765-494-4657 (Z.C.)
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-571-8683-6090 (C.Z.); +1-765-494-4657 (Z.C.)
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11
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Muhammad Aslam M, Waseem M, Jakada BH, Okal EJ, Lei Z, Saqib HSA, Yuan W, Xu W, Zhang Q. Mechanisms of Abscisic Acid-Mediated Drought Stress Responses in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031084. [PMID: 35163008 PMCID: PMC8835272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the major constraints to rain-fed agricultural production, especially under climate change conditions. Plants evolved an array of adaptive strategies that perceive stress stimuli and respond to these stress signals through specific mechanisms. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a premier signal for plants to respond to drought and plays a critical role in plant growth and development. ABA triggers a variety of physiological processes such as stomatal closure, root system modulation, organizing soil microbial communities, activation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression, and metabolic alterations. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of ABA-mediated drought responses in plants is critical for ensuring crop yield and global food security. In this review, we highlighted how plants adjust ABA perception, transcriptional levels of ABA- and drought-related genes, and regulation of metabolic pathways to alter drought stress responses at both cellular and the whole plant level. Understanding the synergetic role of drought and ABA will strengthen our knowledge to develop stress-resilient crops through integrated advanced biotechnology approaches. This review will elaborate on ABA-mediated drought responses at genetic, biochemical, and molecular levels in plants, which is critical for advancement in stress biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.M.A.); (Z.L.); (W.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal 51600, Pakistan;
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Bello Hassan Jakada
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Eyalira Jacob Okal
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Zuliang Lei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.M.A.); (Z.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Hafiz Sohaib Ahmad Saqib
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.M.A.); (Z.L.); (W.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.M.A.); (Z.L.); (W.X.)
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (Q.Z.)
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12
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Chhajed S, Lu LL, Mangual G, Zhu W, Dufresne C, Chen S. Three-in-one method for high throughput plant multi-omics. Methods Enzymol 2022; 683:153-170. [PMID: 37087185 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Multi-omics has gained momentum over the past few years especially in plant single cell-type analysis as they aim to understand cellular molecular networks across different levels of genetic information flow. For multi-omics sample preparation, molecular extractions performed non-simultaneously create rooms for variation, inaccurate data, waste of limited samples, resources and labor. Here we optimized a protocol for 3-in-1 simultaneous extraction of RNA, metabolites, and proteins from the same single cell-type sample. We adapted a commercially available RNA kit with a few modifications to obtain high quality starting materials for sequencing and LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics and proteomics. RNAs are bound to the column, metabolites were extracted in a polar solvent and proteins are precipitated using acetone. This creates an all-in-one workflow using a standard RNA kit. Little training is required to carry out this protocol as it is simple and easy to use. It may be used with a wide range of plant species and different amounts of starting materials, including single cells.
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13
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Quantitative Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics Support a Role for Mut9-Like Kinases in Multiple Metabolic and Signaling Pathways in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100063. [PMID: 33677124 PMCID: PMC8066427 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most prevalent posttranslational modifications found in eukaryotic systems. It serves as a key molecular mechanism that regulates protein function in response to environmental stimuli. The Mut9-like kinases (MLKs) are a plant-specific family of Ser/Thr kinases linked to light, circadian, and abiotic stress signaling. Here we use quantitative phosphoproteomics in conjunction with global proteomic analysis to explore the role of the MLKs in daily protein dynamics. Proteins involved in light, circadian, and hormone signaling, as well as several chromatin-modifying enzymes and DNA damage response factors, were found to have altered phosphorylation profiles in the absence of MLK family kinases. In addition to altered phosphorylation levels, mlk mutant seedlings have an increase in glucosinolate metabolism enzymes. Subsequently, we show that a functional consequence of the changes to the proteome and phosphoproteome in mlk mutant plants is elevated glucosinolate accumulation and increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. Combined with previous reports, this work supports the involvement of MLKs in a diverse set of stress responses and developmental processes, suggesting that the MLKs serve as key regulators linking environmental inputs to developmental outputs. MUT9-LIKE KINASE mutant quantitative proteome and phosphoproteome measured. Changes to proteome and phosphoproteome are specific to genotype and environment. Loss of MLKs alters glucosinolate enzyme abundance and metabolism. Loss of MLKs increases plant sensitivity to UV radiation and DNA damage agents.
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Yoshida T, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Metabolic engineering: Towards water deficiency adapted crop plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 258-259:153375. [PMID: 33609854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water deficiency caused by drought is one of the severe environmental conditions limiting plant growth, development, and yield. In this review article, we will summarize the changes in transcription, metabolism, and phytohormones under drought stress conditions and show the key transcription factors in these processes. We will also highlight the recent attempts to enhance stress tolerance without growth retardation and discuss the perspective on the development of stress adapted crops by engineering transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Max-Planck-Institut Für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 156-8502, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Franzisky BL, Geilfus CM, Romo-Pérez ML, Fehrle I, Erban A, Kopka J, Zörb C. Acclimatisation of guard cell metabolism to long-term salinity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:870-884. [PMID: 33251628 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movements are enabled by changes in guard cell turgor facilitated via transient accumulation of inorganic and organic ions imported from the apoplast or biosynthesized within guard cells. Under salinity, excess salt ions accumulate within plant tissues resulting in osmotic and ionic stress. To elucidate whether (a) Na+ and Cl- concentrations increase in guard cells in response to long-term NaCl exposure and how (b) guard cell metabolism acclimates to the anticipated stress, we profiled the ions and primary metabolites of leaves, the apoplast and isolated guard cells at darkness and during light, that is, closed and fully opened stomata. In contrast to leaves, the primary metabolism of guard cell preparations remained predominantly unaffected by increased salt ion concentrations. Orchestrated reductions of stomatal aperture and guard cell osmolyte synthesis were found, but unlike in leaves, no increases of stress responsive metabolites or compatible solutes occurred. Diverging regulation of guard cell metabolism might be a prerequisite to facilitate the constant adjustment of turgor that affects aperture. Moreover, the photoperiod-dependent sucrose accumulation in the apoplast and guard cells changed to a permanently replete condition under NaCl, indicating that stress-related photosynthate accumulation in leaves contributes to the permanent closing response of stomata under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ines Fehrle
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christian Zörb
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Ahuja I, Kissen R, Hoang L, Sporsheim B, Halle KK, Wolff SA, Ahmad SJN, Ahmad JN, Bones AM. The Imaging of Guard Cells of thioglucosidase ( tgg) Mutants of Arabidopsis Further Links Plant Chemical Defence Systems with Physical Defence Barriers. Cells 2021; 10:227. [PMID: 33503919 PMCID: PMC7911204 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucosinolate-myrosinase system is a well-known plant chemical defence system. Two functional myrosinase-encoding genes, THIOGLUCOSIDASE 1 (TGG1) and THIOGLUCOSIDASE 2 (TGG2), express in aerial tissues of Arabidopsis. TGG1 expresses in guard cells (GCs) and is also a highly abundant protein in GCs. Recently, by studying wild type (WT), tgg single, and double mutants, we showed a novel association between the glucosinolate-myrosinase system defence system, and a physical barrier, the cuticle. In the current study, using imaging techniques, we further analysed stomata and ultrastructure of GCs of WT, tgg1, tgg2 single, and tgg1 tgg2 double mutants. The tgg mutants showed distinctive features of GCs. The GCs of tgg1 and tgg1 tgg2 mutants showed vacuoles that had less electron-dense granular material. Both tgg single mutants had bigger stomata complexes. The WT and tgg mutants also showed variations for cell wall, chloroplasts, and starch grains of GCs. Abscisic acid (ABA)-treated stomata showed that the stomatal aperture was reduced in tgg1 single and tgg1 tgg2 double mutants. The data provides a basis to perform comprehensive further studies to find physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with ultrastructure differences in tgg mutants. We speculate that the absence of myrosinase alters the endogenous chemical composition, hence affecting the physical structure of plants and the plants' physical defence barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Ahuja
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Ralph Kissen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Linh Hoang
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (L.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (L.H.); (B.S.)
- Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari K. Halle
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Silje Aase Wolff
- National Centre for STEM Recruitment, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (S.J.N.A.); (J.N.A.)
- Integrated Genomics, Cellular, Developmental and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (S.J.N.A.); (J.N.A.)
- Integrated Genomics, Cellular, Developmental and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Atle M. Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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Nephali L, Moodley V, Piater L, Steenkamp P, Buthelezi N, Dubery I, Burgess K, Huyser J, Tugizimana F. A Metabolomic Landscape of Maize Plants Treated With a Microbial Biostimulant Under Well-Watered and Drought Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:676632. [PMID: 34149776 PMCID: PMC8210945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.676632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial plant biostimulants have been successfully applied to improve plant growth, stress resilience and productivity. However, the mechanisms of action of biostimulants are still enigmatic, which is the main bottleneck for the fully realization and implementation of biostimulants into the agricultural industry. Here, we report the elucidation of a global metabolic landscape of maize (Zea mays L) leaves in response to a microbial biostimulant, under well-watered and drought conditions. The study reveals that the increased pool of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) intermediates, alterations in amino acid levels and differential changes in phenolics and lipids are key metabolic signatures induced by the application of the microbial-based biostimulant. These reconfigurations of metabolism gravitate toward growth-promotion and defense preconditioning of the plant. Furthermore, the application of microbial biostimulant conferred enhanced drought resilience to maize plants via altering key metabolic pathways involved in drought resistance mechanisms such as the redox homeostasis, strengthening of the plant cell wall, osmoregulation, energy production and membrane remodeling. For the first time, we show key molecular events, metabolic reprogramming, activated by a microbial biostimulant for plant growth promotion and defense priming. Thus, these elucidated metabolomic insights contribute to ongoing efforts in decoding modes of action of biostimulants and generating fundamental scientific knowledgebase that is necessary for the development of the plant biostimulants industry, for sustainable food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lerato Nephali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Venessa Moodley
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Ltd., Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lizelle Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nombuso Buthelezi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ian Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karl Burgess
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Huyser
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Ltd., Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Ltd., Johannesburg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Fidele Tugizimana,
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18
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Sikorska-Zimny K, Beneduce L. The glucosinolates and their bioactive derivatives in Brassica: a review on classification, biosynthesis and content in plant tissues, fate during and after processing, effect on the human organism and interaction with the gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2544-2571. [PMID: 32584172 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1780193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a systematic review of the scientific literature reporting content, composition and biosynthesis of glucosinolates (GLS), and their derivative compounds in Brassica family. An amended classification of brassica species, varieties and their GLS content, organized for the different plant organs and in uniformed concentration measure unit, is here reported for the first time in a harmonized and comparative manner. In the last years, the studies carried out on the effect of processing on vegetables and the potential benefits for human health has increased rapidly and consistently the knowledge on the topic. Therefore, there was the need for an updated revision of the scientific literature of pre- and post-harvest modifications of GLS content, along with the role of gut microbiota in influencing their bioavailability once they are ingested. After analyzing and standardizing over 100 articles and the related data, the highest GLS content in Brassica, was declared in B. nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch (201.95 ± 53.36 µmol g-1), followed by B. oleracea Alboglabra group (180.9 ± 70.3 µmol g-1). The authors also conclude that food processing can influence significantly the final content of GLS, considering the most popular methods: boiling, blanching, steaming, the latter can be considered as the most favorable to preserve highest level of GLS and their deriviatives. Therefore, a mild-processing strategic approach for GLS or their derivatives in food is recommended, in order to minimize the loss of actual bioactive impact. Finally, the human gut microbiota is influenced by Brassica-rich diet and can contribute in certain conditions to the increasing of GLS bioavailability but further studies are needed to assess the actual role of microbiomes in the bioavailability of healthy glucosinolate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Sikorska-Zimny
- Fruit and Vegetables Storage and Processing Department, Storage and Postharvest Physiology of Fruit and Vegetables Laboratory, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland.,Stefan Batory State University, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Luciano Beneduce
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Zhu M, Geng S, Chakravorty D, Guan Q, Chen S, Assmann SM. Metabolomics of red-light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana: Coupling with abscisic acid and jasmonic acid metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1331-1348. [PMID: 31677315 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stimuli-triggered stomatal movement is a key physiological process that regulates CO2 uptake and water loss in plants. Stomata are defined by pairs of guard cells that perceive and transduce external signals, leading to cellular volume changes and consequent stomatal aperture change. Within the visible light spectrum, red light induces stomatal opening in intact leaves. However, there has been debate regarding the extent to which red-light-induced stomatal opening arises from direct guard cell sensing of red light versus indirect responses as a result of red light influences on mesophyll photosynthesis. Here we identify conditions that result in red-light-stimulated stomatal opening in isolated epidermal peels and enlargement of protoplasts, firmly establishing a direct guard cell response to red light. We then employ metabolomics workflows utilizing gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for metabolite profiling and identification of Arabidopsis guard cell metabolic signatures in response to red light in the absence of the mesophyll. We quantified 223 metabolites in Arabidopsis guard cells, with 104 found to be red light responsive. These red-light-modulated metabolites participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, carbon balance, phytohormone biosynthesis and redox homeostasis. We next analyzed selected Arabidopsis mutants, and discovered that stomatal opening response to red light is correlated with a decrease in guard cell abscisic acid content and an increase in jasmonic acid content. The red-light-modulated guard cell metabolome reported here provides fundamental information concerning autonomous red light signaling pathways in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhu
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sisi Geng
- The Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - David Chakravorty
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Qijie Guan
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- The Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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20
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Lohani N, Jain D, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. Engineering Multiple Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Canola, Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:3. [PMID: 32161602 PMCID: PMC7052498 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of climate change like global warming, drought, flooding, and other extreme events are posing severe challenges to global crop production. Contribution of Brassica napus towards the oilseed industry makes it an essential component of international trade and agroeconomics. Consequences from increasing occurrences of multiple abiotic stresses on this crop are leading to agroeconomic losses making it vital to endow B. napus crop with an ability to survive and maintain yield when faced with simultaneous exposure to multiple abiotic stresses. For an improved understanding of the stress sensing machinery, there is a need for analyzing regulatory pathways of multiple stress-responsive genes and other regulatory elements such as non-coding RNAs. However, our understanding of these pathways and their interactions in B. napus is far from complete. This review outlines the current knowledge of stress-responsive genes and their role in imparting multiple stress tolerance in B. napus. Analysis of network cross-talk through omics data mining is now making it possible to unravel the underlying complexity required for stress sensing and signaling in plants. Novel biotechnological approaches such as transgene-free genome editing and utilization of nanoparticles as gene delivery tools are also discussed. These can contribute to providing solutions for developing climate change resilient B. napus varieties with reduced regulatory limitations. The potential ability of synthetic biology to engineer and modify networks through fine-tuning of stress regulatory elements for plant responses to stress adaption is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Prem L. Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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21
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Li B, Tang M, Caseys C, Nelson A, Zhou M, Zhou X, Brady SM, Kliebenstein DJ. Epistatic Transcription Factor Networks Differentially Modulate Arabidopsis Growth and Defense. Genetics 2020; 214:529-541. [PMID: 31852726 PMCID: PMC7017016 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants integrate internal and external signals to finely coordinate growth and defense for maximal fitness within a complex environment. A common model suggests that growth and defense show a trade-offs relationship driven by energy costs. However, recent studies suggest that the coordination of growth and defense likely involves more conditional and intricate connections than implied by the trade-off model. To explore how a transcription factor (TF) network may coordinate growth and defense, we used a high-throughput phenotyping approach to measure growth and flowering in a set of single and pairwise mutants previously linked to the aliphatic glucosinolate (GLS) defense pathway. Supporting a link between growth and defense, 17 of the 20 tested defense-associated TFs significantly influenced plant growth and/or flowering time. The TFs' effects were conditional upon the environment and age of the plant, and more critically varied across the growth and defense phenotypes for a given genotype. In support of the coordination model of growth and defense, the TF mutant's effects on short-chain aliphatic GLS and growth did not display a simple correlation. We propose that large TF networks integrate internal and external signals and separately modulate growth and the accumulation of the defensive aliphatic GLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Michelle Tang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Céline Caseys
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Ayla Nelson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Marium Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Daniel J Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Poly-γ-glutamic acid induces system tolerance to drought stress by promoting abscisic acid accumulation in Brassica napus L. Sci Rep 2020; 10:252. [PMID: 31937837 PMCID: PMC6959327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new plant biostimulant, poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) may be an effective anti-drought agent that can efficiently alleviate the damage to plants under drought stress. In this study, the effects of γ-PGA on the physiological responses of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seedlings under drought stress were investigated using hydroponics. Growth and development of the rape seedlings were significantly inhibited in a polyethylene glycol-simulated drought environment. However, 12 d after application of γ-PGA under drought stress, the fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and relative water content of rape seedlings all markedly increased. Moreover, proline content and antioxidant enzyme activity were all markedly enhanced, and the malondialdehyde content was significantly reduced in rape seedlings treated with γ-PGA. Furthermore, the content of the important anti-drought response hormone, abscisic acid (ABA), as well as the expression levels of the ABA metabolism regulation genes BnNCED3, BnZEP, and BnAAO4, significantly increased. These results indicate that γ-PGA may induce elements of a tolerance system to drought stress by promoting ABA accumulation in B. Napus.
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23
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Salehin M, Li B, Tang M, Katz E, Song L, Ecker JR, Kliebenstein DJ, Estelle M. Auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA proteins mediate drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by regulating glucosinolate levels. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 31492889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12002-12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed understanding of abiotic stress tolerance in plants is essential to provide food security in the face of increasingly harsh climatic conditions. Glucosinolates (GLSs) are secondary metabolites found in the Brassicaceae that protect plants from herbivory and pathogen attack. Here we report that in Arabidopsis, aliphatic GLS levels are regulated by the auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA repressors IAA5, IAA6, and IAA19. These proteins act in a transcriptional cascade that maintains expression of GLS levels when plants are exposed to drought conditions. Loss of IAA5/6/19 results in reduced GLS levels and decreased drought tolerance. Further, we show that this phenotype is associated with a defect in stomatal regulation. Application of GLS to the iaa5,6,19 mutants restores stomatal regulation and normal drought tolerance. GLS action is dependent on the receptor kinase GHR1, suggesting that GLS may signal via reactive oxygen species. These results provide a novel connection between auxin signaling, GLS levels and drought response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salehin
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA., 92093, USA
| | - Baohua Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michelle Tang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ella Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Liang Song
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Mark Estelle
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA., 92093, USA.
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24
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Salehin M, Li B, Tang M, Katz E, Song L, Ecker JR, Kliebenstein DJ, Estelle M. Auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA proteins mediate drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by regulating glucosinolate levels. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4021. [PMID: 31492889 PMCID: PMC6731224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed understanding of abiotic stress tolerance in plants is essential to provide food security in the face of increasingly harsh climatic conditions. Glucosinolates (GLSs) are secondary metabolites found in the Brassicaceae that protect plants from herbivory and pathogen attack. Here we report that in Arabidopsis, aliphatic GLS levels are regulated by the auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA repressors IAA5, IAA6, and IAA19. These proteins act in a transcriptional cascade that maintains expression of GLS levels when plants are exposed to drought conditions. Loss of IAA5/6/19 results in reduced GLS levels and decreased drought tolerance. Further, we show that this phenotype is associated with a defect in stomatal regulation. Application of GLS to the iaa5,6,19 mutants restores stomatal regulation and normal drought tolerance. GLS action is dependent on the receptor kinase GHR1, suggesting that GLS may signal via reactive oxygen species. These results provide a novel connection between auxin signaling, GLS levels and drought response. Brassicaceae produce glucosinolates to protect against herbivory and pathogens. Here the authors show that auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA repressor proteins regulate aliphatic glucosinolate levels in Arabidopsis and this promotes stomatal closure via reactive oxygen species during drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salehin
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA., 92093, USA
| | - Baohua Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michelle Tang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ella Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Liang Song
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Mark Estelle
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA., 92093, USA.
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25
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Tienaho J, Karonen M, Muilu-Mäkelä R, Wähälä K, Leon Denegri E, Franzén R, Karp M, Santala V, Sarjala T. Metabolic Profiling of Water-Soluble Compounds from the Extracts of Dark Septate Endophytic Fungi (DSE) Isolated from Scots Pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) Seedlings Using UPLC-Orbitrap-MS. Molecules 2019; 24:E2330. [PMID: 31242564 PMCID: PMC6630819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms living inside plant hosts and are known to be beneficial for the host plant vitality. In this study, we isolated three endophytic fungus species from the roots of Scots pine seedlings growing on Finnish drained peatland setting. The isolated fungi belonged to dark septate endophytes (DSE). The metabolic profiles of the hot water extracts of the fungi were investigated using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection and Electron Spray Ionization source Mass Spectrometry with Orbitrap analyzer (UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS-Orbitrap). Out of 318 metabolites, we were able to identify 220, of which a majority was amino acids and peptides. Additionally, opine amino acids, amino acid quinones, Amadori compounds, cholines, nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides, siderophores, sugars, sugar alcohols and disaccharides were found, as well as other previously reported metabolites from plants or endophytes. Some differences of the metabolic profiles, regarding the amount and identity of the found metabolites, were observed even though the fungi were isolated from the same host. Many of the discovered metabolites have been described possessing biological activities and properties, which may make a favorable contribution to the host plant nutrient availability or abiotic and biotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Tienaho
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Kristiina Wähälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Robert Franzén
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Matti Karp
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Ville Santala
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Tytti Sarjala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Chhajed S, Misra BB, Tello N, Chen S. Chemodiversity of the Glucosinolate-Myrosinase System at the Single Cell Type Resolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:618. [PMID: 31164896 PMCID: PMC6536577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLSs) are a well-defined group of specialized metabolites, and like any other plant specialized metabolites, their presence does not directly affect the plant survival in terms of growth and development. However, specialized metabolites are essential to combat environmental stresses, such as pathogens and herbivores. GLSs naturally occur in many pungent plants in the order of Brassicales. To date, more than 200 different GLS structures have been characterized and their distribution differs from species to species. GLSs co-exist with classical and atypical myrosinases, which can hydrolyze GLS into an unstable aglycone thiohydroximate-O-sulfonate, which rearranges to produce different degradation products. GLSs, myrosinases, myrosinase interacting proteins, and GLS degradation products constitute the GLS-myrosinase (GM) system ("mustard oil bomb"). This review discusses the cellular and subcellular organization of the GM system, its chemodiversity, and functions in different cell types. Although there are many studies on the functions of GLSs and/or myrosinases at the tissue and whole plant levels, very few studies have focused on different single cell types. Single cell type studies will help to reveal specific functions that are missed at the tissue and organismal level. This review aims to highlight (1) recent progress in cellular and subcellular compartmentation of GLSs, myrosinases, and myrosinase interacting proteins; (2) molecular and biochemical diversity of GLSs and myrosinases; and (3) myrosinase interaction with its interacting proteins, and how it regulates the degradation of GLSs and thus the biological functions (e.g., plant defense against pathogens). Future prospects may include targeted approaches for engineering/breeding of plants and crops in the cell type-specific manner toward enhanced plant defense and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Chhajed
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Biswapriya B. Misra
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Nathalia Tello
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Sixue Chen,
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Transcriptome Analysis in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) Provides the Role of Glucosinolate Metabolism in Response to Drought Stress. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051186. [PMID: 29762546 PMCID: PMC6099646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although drought stress is one of the most limiting factors in growth and production of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), the underlying biochemical and molecular causes are poorly understood. In the present study, to address the mechanisms underlying the drought responses, we analyzed the transcriptome profile of Chinese cabbage grown under drought conditions. Drought stress transcriptionally activated several transcription factor genes, including AP2/ERFs, bHLHs, NACs and bZIPs, and was found to possibly result in transcriptional variation in genes involved in organic substance metabolic processes. In addition, comparative expression analysis of selected BrbZIPs under different stress conditions suggested that drought-induced BrbZIPs are important for improving drought tolerance. Further, drought stress in Chinese cabbage caused differential acclimation responses in glucosinolate metabolism in leaves and roots. Analysis of stomatal aperture indicated that drought-induced accumulation of glucosinolates in leaves directly or indirectly controlled stomatal closure to prevent water loss, suggesting that organ-specific responses are essential for plant survival under drought stress condition. Taken together, our results provide information important for further studies on molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in Chinese cabbage.
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28
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Yang N, Jiang J, Xie H, Bai M, Xu Q, Wang X, Yu X, Chen Z, Guan Y. Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolic Responses to Magnesium Deficiency in Leaves and Roots of Soybean [ Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.]. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2091. [PMID: 29312369 PMCID: PMC5733048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency, a widespread yet overlooked problem in agriculture, has been reported to retard plant growth and development, through affecting key metabolic pathways. However, the metabolic responses of plant to Mg deficiency is still not fully understood. Here we report a metabolomic study to evaluate the metabolic responses to Mg deficiency in soybean leaves and roots. Hydroponic grown soybean were exposed to Mg starvation for 4 and 8 days, respectively. Metabolic changes in the first mature trifoliolate leaves and roots were quantified by conducting GC-TOF-MS based metabolomic analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Mg deficient plants became distinguishable from controls at 4 days after stress (DAS) at metabolic level, and were clearly discriminated at 8 DAS. Mg deficiency could cause large metabolite alterations on carbon and nitrogen metabolism. At 8 DAS, carbon allocation from shoot to root is decreased by Mg deficiency. Remarkably, most amino acids (such as phenylalanine, asparagine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, glutamine, and serine) showed pronounced accumulation in the leaves, while most organic acids (including pyruvic acid, citric acid, 2-keto-glutaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid) were significantly decreased in the roots. Our study shows that the carbon and nitrogen metabolic responses are distinct in leaves and roots under Mg deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiling Xie
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengyan Bai
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinzhen Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoguo Wang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Chen
- Root Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Guan
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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