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Xian L, Lu D, Yang Y, Feng J, Fang J, Jacobs DF, Wu D, Zeng S. Effects of woodland slope on heavy metal migration via surface runoff, interflow, and sediments in sewage sludge application. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13468. [PMID: 38867064 PMCID: PMC11169265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) application to forest plantation soils as a fertilizer and/or soil amendment is increasingly adopted in plantation forest management. However, the potential risks of SS-derived heavy metals (HMs) remain a concern. Many factors, including woodland slope may affect the risks, but the understanding of this issue is limited. This research evaluated the HMs migration via surface runoff, interflow, and sediments when SS was applied in woodlands of varying slopes. We conducted indoor rainfall simulations and natural rainfall experiments to clarify the effect of slope on the migration of HMs via runoff (including surface and interflow) and sediments. In the simulated rainfall experiment, HMs lost via sediments increased by 9.79-27.28% when the slope increased from 5° to 25°. However, in the natural rainfall experiment, when the slope of forested land increased from 7° to 23°, HMs lost via surface runoff increased by 2.38% to 6.13%. These results indciate that the surface runoff water on a high slope (25°) posed high water quality pollution risks. The migration of HMs via surface runoff water or interflow increased as the steepness of the slope increased. The total migration of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd via sediment greatly exceeded that via surface runoff and interflow. Particles ≤ 0.05 mm contributed the most to the ecological risks posed by sediments. Cd was the main source of potential ecological risks in sediments under both experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Xian
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehao Lu
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuantong Yang
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Feng
- Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbo Fang
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Douglass F Jacobs
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Daoming Wu
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shucai Zeng
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Norby J, Wang S, Wang H, Deng S, Jones N, Mishra A, Pavlov C, He H, Subramanian S, Thangavelu V, Sihota N, Hoelen T, Johnson AM, Lowry GV. Path to autonomous soil sampling and analysis by ground-based robots. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121130. [PMID: 38772232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Good site characterization is essential for the selection of remediation alternatives for impacted soils. The value of site characterization is critically dependent on the quality and quantity of the data collected. Current methods for characterizing impacted soils rely on expensive manual sample collection and off-site analysis. However, recent advances in terrestrial robotics and artificial intelligence offer a potentially revolutionary set of tools and methods that will help to autonomously explore natural environments, select sample locations with the highest value of information, extract samples, and analyze the data in real-time without exposing humans to potentially hazardous conditions. A fundamental challenge to realizing this potential is determining how to design an autonomous system for a given investigation with many, and often conflicting design criteria. This work presents a novel design methodology to navigate these criteria. Specifically, this methodology breaks the system into four components - sensing, sampling, mobility, and autonomy - and connects design variables to the investigation objectives and constraints. These connections are established for each component through a survey of existing technology, discussion of key technical challenges, and highlighting conditions where generality can promote multi-application deployment. An illustrative example of this design process is presented for the development and deployment of a robotic platform characterizing salt-impacted oil & gas reserve pits. After calibration, the relationship between the in situ robot chloride measurements and laboratory-based chloride measurements had a good linear relationship (R2-value = 0.861) and statistical significance (p-value = 0.003).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hannah He
- Computer Science Departments, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Gu W, Bai J, Chen J. Application of thermally treated sludge residues on an e-waste contaminated soil: effects on PTE bioavailability, soil physicochemical and biological properties, and L. perenne growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21962-21972. [PMID: 38400963 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
In the context of sustainable development, potentially toxic element (PTE) contamination of soil and large-scale disposal of sludge are two major environmental issues that need to be addressed urgently. It is of great significance to develop efficient and green technologies to solve these problems simultaneously. This study investigated the effects of a 5% addition of thermally treated sludge residues (fermentation and pyrolysis residues) in synergy with L. perenne on soil organic matter, mineral nutrients, PTE speciation, and PTE uptake and transport by L. perenne in an e-waste-contaminated soil through pot experiments. The results showed that the thermally treated sludge residues significantly increased soil electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium contents. New PTE-containing crystalline phases were detected, and dissolved humic substances were found. Sludge fermentation residue significantly increased dissolved organic matter content, whereas sludge pyrolysis residue showed no significant effect. The combination of thermally treated sludge residues and L. perenne increased the residual fractions of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd. The thermally treated sludge residues promoted L. perenne growth, increasing fresh weight, plant height, and phosphorus and potassium uptake. The uptake of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd by L. perenne was significantly reduced. This approach has the potential for applications in the ecological restoration of e-waste-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Gu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Jianfeng Bai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Yang H, Chen X, Wang A, Liu S, Liang X, Lu H, Li Q. Regulating sludge composting with percarbonate facilitated the methylation and detoxification of arsenic mediated via reactive oxygen species. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129674. [PMID: 37586432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
This study purposed to demonstrate the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on arsenic detoxification mechanism in sludge composting with percarbonate. In this study, sodium percarbonate was used as an additive. Adding sodium percarbonate increased the content of H2O2 and OH, which the experimental group (SPC) was higher than the control group (CK). In addition, it decreased the bioavailability of arsenic by 19.10%. Metagenomic analysis found that Firmicutes and Pseudomonas took an active part in the overall compost as the dominant bacteria of arsenic methylation. ROS positively correlated with arsenic oxidation and methylation genes (arsC, arsM), with the gene copy number of arsC and arsM increasing to 7.74 × 1012, 5.24 × 1012 in SPC. In summary, the passivation of arsenic could be achieved by adding percarbonate, which promoted the methylation of arsenic, reduced the toxicity of arsenic, and provided a new idea for the harmless management of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuaipeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xueling Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Heng Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qunliang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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5
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Ghorbani M, Konvalina P, Walkiewicz A, Neugschwandtner RW, Kopecký M, Zamanian K, Chen WH, Bucur D. Feasibility of Biochar Derived from Sewage Sludge to Promote Sustainable Agriculture and Mitigate GHG Emissions-A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12983. [PMID: 36232283 PMCID: PMC9564516 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) has been connected to a variety of global environmental problems. Assessing the risk of various disposal techniques can be quite useful in recommending appropriate management. The preparation of sewage sludge biochar (SSB) and its impacts on soil characteristics, plant health, nutrient leaching, and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) are critically reviewed in this study. Comparing the features of SSB obtained at various pyrolysis temperatures revealed changes in its elemental content. Lower hydrogen/carbon ratios in SSB generated at higher pyrolysis temperatures point to the existence of more aromatic carbon molecules. Additionally, the preparation of SSB has an increased ash content, a lower yield, and a higher surface area as a result of the rise in pyrolysis temperature. The worldwide potential of SS output and CO2-equivalent emissions in 2050 were predicted as factors of global population and common disposal management in order to create a futuristic strategy and cope with the quantity of abundant global SS. According to estimations, the worldwide SS output and associated CO2-eq emissions were around 115 million tons dry solid (Mt DS) and 14,139 teragrams (Tg), respectively, in 2020. This quantity will rise to about 138 Mt DS sewage sludge and 16985 Tg CO2-eq emissions in 2050, a 20% increase. In this regard, developing and populous countries may support economic growth by utilizing low-cost methods for producing biochar and employing it in local agriculture. To completely comprehend the benefits and drawbacks of SSB as a soil supplement, further study on long-term field applications of SSB is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghorbani
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Konvalina
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Walkiewicz
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Marek Kopecký
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kazem Zamanian
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg August University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, University Road/70101, Tainan 70101, Taiwan or
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Bucur
- Department of Pedotechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
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Effects of Three Sludge Products from Co-Treatment of Wastewater on the Soil Properties and Plant Growth of Silty Loam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074385. [PMID: 35410064 PMCID: PMC8999043 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, little is known about systematic comparisons of sludge products obtained from different sludge treatment processes in terms of land use. Moreover, it is worth evaluating whether the sludge produced from the co-treatment of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage can be applied to land use. In this study, three sludge products derived from the same municipal sludge—sludge biochar (SSB), dried sludge (DSS), and sludge compost (SSC)—were added to silty loam (SL) at a 20% mass ratio to assess their effects on soil structure, properties, and fertility. Chinese cabbage was planted as a model crop and its growth and physiological state were monitored. The experimental results showed that the water retention of the soil was significantly related to its porosity, and the moisture in the three sludge products-modified soil mainly existed in the form of free water. The addition of three sludge products increased the total porosity of SL. SSC enhanced the water retention of SL by increasing the capillary porosity, and SSB improved the gas permeability of SL by increasing the non-capillary porosity. The three sludge products all increased the content of large particles in the soil and improved the stability of the aggregates of SL. Among them, SSB and DSS had significant effects on improving the stability of the aggregates. Although the addition of the three sludge products improved the fertility of SL, compared with that of DSS and SSC, the addition of SSB made the growth indices of Chinese cabbage the best, indicating that SSB can effectively maintain soil nutrients. The heavy metal test results of Ni showed that SSB had a good stabilizing effect on heavy metals. Therefore, compared with drying and composting, pyrolysis of municipal sludge is more suitable for SL improvement.
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7
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Cano-Ruiz J, Ruiz Fernández J, Alonso J, Mauri PV, Lobo MC. Value-added products from wastewater reduce irrigation needs of Arundo donax energy crop. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131485. [PMID: 34265719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation restrictions due to drought periods related to climate change, would affect different crops, especially to non-food crops. In this regard the effect of irrigation reduction should be studied in energy crops in order to obtain a sustainable bioenergy cropping system. Arundo donax, has been considered a crop with high water requirements, it has nevertheless been proven to be drought tolerant. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the effect of reduced irrigation combined with the use of different fertilizers. This work studied the combined effect of value-added products (VAPs) from wastewater (treated sewage sludge) or traditional inorganic fertilizers, and irrigation reduction in Arundo donax crop in a 2-year pot experiment. Plant biometric characteristics, chemical properties and biomass yield were studied as well as the effect of treatment on soil properties. Results showed that under reduced irrigation conditions, biomass production was reduced, especially during the second year. Organic treatments from sewage sludge minimize the effect of irrigation reduction. In these treatments, biomass yield for reduced irrigation was similar to that of the control treatment with irrigation at field capacity. For this reason, it is recommended to use VAPs from wastewater as organic amendments enabling water restriction with lower effect on Arundo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cano-Ruiz
- IMIDRA. Finca "El Encin", A-2 Km 38,2 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Ruiz Fernández
- IMIDRA. Finca "El Encin", A-2 Km 38,2 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- IMIDRA. Finca "El Encin", A-2 Km 38,2 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - P V Mauri
- IMIDRA. Finca "El Encin", A-2 Km 38,2 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Lobo
- IMIDRA. Finca "El Encin", A-2 Km 38,2 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Phung LD, Ichikawa M, Pham DV, Sasaki A, Watanabe T. High yield of protein-rich forage rice achieved by soil amendment with composted sewage sludge and topdressing with treated wastewater. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10155. [PMID: 32576900 PMCID: PMC7311477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to promote low-cost production of protein-rich forage rice and resource recycling from wastewater treatment plants, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the possibility to substitute mineral fertilizers with composted sewage sludge (CSS) with/without top-dressing with treated municipal wastewater (TWW). Results indicated that a basal application of CSS at 2.6 g N pot−1 replaced conventional mineral fertilization of 1.3 g N pot−1 to produce comparable yields with the same rice protein content, although there might be a risk of increased As concentration in rice grains. Interestingly, CSS application at a reasonable dose of 1.3 g N pot−1, followed by a topdressing with TWW resulted in 27% higher yield and 25% superior rice protein content relative to the mineral fertilization, with no risk of heavy metal(loid) accumulation in grains and in paddy soils. Here we demonstrated an appealing fertilization practice with zero use of mineral fertilizers in paddy rice cultivation, expectedly contributing towards sustainable rice farming and animal husbandry in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Duc Phung
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Megumi Ichikawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Dung Viet Pham
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Toru Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan.
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Liu Q, Zhou Z, Zhou S, Lei Y, Zhao K, Zhao T, Wu Q, Qiu J. Potential for phytoremediation of nonylphenol from sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:346-357. [PMID: 33016421 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is considered a major contaminant that must be removed to enable safe and environmentally friendly land application of sewage sludge. Phytoremediation is a technology in which plants are used to remove and/or stabilize organic and inorganic contaminants present in the soil, municipal wastewater, and sewage sludge. In this study, a 391-d large pot experiment was conducted to remove NP from sewage sludge by phytoremediation using Zea mays L. 'Yunshi-5', Lolium perenne L., and co-cropping of the two plants. The fate of NP in the soil under the sewage sludge was assessed at the same time. At the end of the experiment, the NP levels in sludge from the various treatments were as follows: control (38.60%) > L. perenne (31.27%) > Z. mays (16.25%) > co-cropping (15.28%). Degradation followed an availability-adjusted first-order kinetics with a decreasing order of half-lives as follows: control (88.2 d) > L. perenne (87.3 d) > co-cropping (66.2 d) > Z. mays (59.1 d). The results indicated that Z. mays and co-cropping could both degrade NP. The concentrations of NP in tissues of different plants differed significantly. The mean bioconcentration factors for Z. mays and L. perenne were 0.16 and 3.69, respectively. Direct removal of NP from sewage sludge by plant uptake was negligible, as was downward movement of NP in the system. Moreover, NP was not detected in soils in any treatments at harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Shenzhen Yuanqing Environmental Technology Service Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Shujie Zhou
- Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Yutao Lei
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Kunrong Zhao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Qitang Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural Univ., Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jinrong Qiu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510655, China
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Experimental Study of Moisture Content Effect on Geotechnical Properties of Solidified Municipal Sludge. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8794076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Moisture content is an important factor affecting the geotechnical properties of solidified municipal sludge (MMS). Typical municipal sludge in China was chosen to investigate the effects of initial moisture content (defined as w0) on geotechnical properties of MMS solidified by self-developed CERSM solidifying agent. In addition, the microstructure changes of solidified sludge samples in this study were explored with scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Mechanical experiment results showed that the unconfined compressive strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle of the MMS increased with the decrease in initial moisture content, but the permeability coefficient changed oppositely. The permeability coefficient of solidified sludge samples was between 10−8 and 10−10 cm/s. But after the drying-saturated process, the permeability coefficient of MMS can be increased up to 4 times, mainly due to the formation of a considerable number of microconnected pores and microcracks in the process of drying. The research results are of great significance to the safe disposal and utilization of municipal sewage sludge in China.
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Asgari Lajayer B, Najafi N, Moghiseh E, Mosaferi M, Hadian J. Micronutrient and heavy metal concentrations in basil plant cultivated on irradiated and non-irradiated sewage sludge- treated soil and evaluation of human health risk. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 104:141-150. [PMID: 30894305 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gamma irradiation is regarded as a promising alternative method for sewage sludge (SS) treatment. To evaluate the human health risk and effects of gamma irradiated and non-irradiated SS (SSGI and SSNI, respectively) on micronutrient and heavy metal concentrations in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as a test plant, a greenhouse experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with control (without SS and irradiation) and 15, 30 and 60 g kg-1 of SSNI as well as SSGI (irradiated with doses of 5, 10 and 20 kGy) with three replicates. The results indicated that the concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, nickel, lead, and cadmium in SSGI and SSNI treatments were greater than the limits set by FAO/WHO for vegetables or by European Commission for food. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of all metals except lead in the treatments with >15 g kg-1 SSGI or SSNI and the hazard index (HI) in the control treatment were lower than the threshold value of 1, but the HIs in SSNI and SSGI treatments were greater than the threshold value. Nevertheless, no significant differences existed between most THQs and HIs from dietary intake of basil grown in SSGI as compared with SSNI. It was concluded that the basil cultivated under tested levels of SSGI and SSNI is not permissible for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Asgari Lajayer
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Najafi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Moghiseh
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mosaferi
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Hadian
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
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OuYang S, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhao Z, Wen M, Li B, Shi Y, Zhang M, Liu S. Preparation of Glass-ceramics Using Chromium-containing Stainless Steel Slag: Crystal Structure and Solidification of Heavy Metal Chromium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1964. [PMID: 30760799 PMCID: PMC6374482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37996-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a useful way to stabilize the elements of heavy metal in the glass-ceramics with the form of ions due to the environmental pollution of heavy metal, such as Cr. The glass-ceramics of excellent combination properties were prepared, and the effect of stabilizing Cr-containing stainless steel slag with different concentrations of nitric acid leaching test were investigated. It was found that the major crystalline phase was diopside or anorthite with or without the amount stainless steel slag. Moreover, the continuous refinement of grains exhibited with the increase of amount of stainless steel slag. The results indicated that the excellent physical and mechanical properties, including density (2.9 g/cm3), hardness (729.27HV0.3), bending strength (222.9 MPa), and the solid solution of Cr in excess of 0.00057% for the glass-ceramics were related to the change of microstructure and phase structure. There showed the potential for reusing and detoxifying stainless steel slag.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShunLi OuYang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - YuXuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - YuXin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - ZengWu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Ming Wen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - BaoWei Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China.
| | - Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - MingZhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - ShiLiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
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13
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Feasible and effective reuse of municipal sludge for vegetation restoration: physiochemical characteristics and microbial diversity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:879. [PMID: 30696901 PMCID: PMC6351607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The large volume of municipal sludge causes environmental problems in cities worldwide. In this study, municipal sludge, mixed with construction waste residue, was used as substrate to plant Ailanthus altissima. The growth of A. altissima, the substrate characteristics, and substrate microbial diversity were measured to investigate potential recycling and reusing pathways of municipal sludge. The obtained results showed that compared to garden soil, the mixed substrate was weakly alkaline, and had higher nutrient contents, which is beneficial for A. altissima, and results in better growth in mixed substrate. Although the contents of the main heavy metals in the mixed substrate were significantly higher than in garden soil, the values met the criterion of Class II soil in the Environmental Quality Standard for the Soils of China (GB15618-1995). Different substrates showed a variety of microbial diversities. Proteobacteria was the top microbial phylum in all samples, and higher relative abundances were found in samples containing municipal sludge. After growing A. altissima, the relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes increased in the mixed substrate. Therefore, addition of construction waste residue and growth of A. altissima caused a difference. The microbial communities in the mixed substrate with A. altissima are both plant friendly and environmentally friendly. These results suggest this mixed substrate as a potentially feasible and effective pathway for the reuse and recycling of municipal sludge for vegetation restoration.
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14
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Chu S, Jacobs DF, Liao D, Liang LL, Wu D, Chen P, Lai C, Zhong F, Zeng S. Effects of landscape plant species and concentration of sewage sludge compost on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and heavy metal removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:35184-35199. [PMID: 30334137 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Landscape plants have great potentials in heavy metals (HMs) removal as sewage sludge compost (SSC) is increasingly used in urban forestry. We hypothesize that woody plants might perform better in HMs phytoremediation because they have greater biomass and deeper roots than herbaceous plants. We tested the differences in growth responses and HMs phytoremediation among several herbaceous and woody species growing under different SSC concentrations through pot experiments. The mixing percentage of SSC with soil at 0%, 15%, 30%, 60, and 100% were used as growth substrate for three woody (Ficus altissima Bl., Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser, and Bischofia javanica Bl.) and two herbaceous (Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) G. Don and Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC) plants. Results showed that the biomass, relative growth rate, and nutrient uptake for all plants increased significantly at each SSC concentration compared to the control; woody plants had higher biomass and nutrient use efficiency than herbaceous plants. All plants growing in SSC-amended soils accumulated appreciable amounts of HMs and reduced the contents of HMs present in the substrates. The woody plants were generally more effective than herbaceous plants in potentials of HMs phytoextraction, but A. macrorrhiza showed higher bioconcentration and translocation of Cu and Zn and D. ensifolia had higher bioconcentration and translocation of Cd than woody plants. The optimal application concentrations were 30% or less for woody plants and 15% for herbaceous plants for plant growth and ecological risk control, respectively. Intercropping suitable woody and herbaceous landscape plants in urban forestry might have promising potentials to minimize the ecological risks in the phytoremediation of SSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Chu
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Douglass F Jacobs
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2061, USA
| | - Dandan Liao
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liyin L Liang
- School of Science and Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Daoming Wu
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Peijiang Chen
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Can Lai
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fengdi Zhong
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shucai Zeng
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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15
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Zou J, Liu X, Dai W, Luan Y. Pollution assessment of heavy metal accumulation in the farmland soils of Beijing's suburbs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:27483-27492. [PMID: 30047018 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used GIS to assess heavy metal concentrations and their spatial variations in Beijing's suburban farmlands. The Beijing soil heavy metal background values (background values), the primary standard of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard of Soil (primary standard), and the Environmental Quality Standard of Green Food Production Site (green standard) were used as the standards for assessing soil heavy metals. Results showed that the average Hg value was higher than that of the primary standard. The Ni and Pb values were lower than the corresponding background values. From the percentage area, the concentration is 100% area with As, more than 93% area with Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, and 67% area with Cd and Hg, meeting the primary standard; over 97% area met the green standard. The calculated Nemerow index showed that less than 3% of the samples were slightly polluted, indicating good environmental quality. But the accumulated pollution of Cd and Hg was relatively high in some areas which was mainly affected by the high density of the industry. The farmland soils in Beijing suburbs were found to be suitable for farming, but a small percentage of the soils exceeded the green standard; Cd and Hg levels require special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Zou
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road No. 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road No. 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road No. 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yaning Luan
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road No. 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
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16
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Guidi Nissim W, Cincinelli A, Martellini T, Alvisi L, Palm E, Mancuso S, Azzarello E. Phytoremediation of sewage sludge contaminated by trace elements and organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:356-366. [PMID: 29567421 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a green technique being increasingly used worldwide for various purposes including the treatment of municipal sewage sludge (MSS). Most plants proposed for this technique have high nutrient demands, and fertilization is often required to maintain soil fertility and nutrient balance while remediating the substrate. In this context, MSS could be a valuable source of nutrients (especially N and P) and water for plant growth. The aim of this study was to determine the capacity willow (Salix matsudana, cv Levante), poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra, cv Orion), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) to clean MSS, which is slightly contaminated by trace elements (TEs) and organic pollutants, and to assess their physiological response to this medium. In particular, we aimed to evaluate the TE accumulation by different species as well as the decrease of TEs and organic pollutants in the sludge after one cropping cycle and the effect of MSS on plant growth and physiology. Since MSS did not show any detrimental effect on the biomass yield of any of the species tested, it was found to be a suitable growing medium for these species. TE phytoextraction rates depended on the species, with eucalyptus showing the highest accumulation for Cr, whereas sunflower exhibited the best performance for As, Cu and Zn. At the end of the trial, some TEs (i.e. Cr, Pb and Zn), n-alkanes and PCBs showed a significant concentration decrease in the sludge for all tested species. The highest Cr decrease was observed in pots with eucalyptus (57.4%) and sunflower (53.4%), whereas sunflower showed the highest Cu decrease (44.2%), followed by eucalyptus (41.2%), poplar (16.2%) and willow (14%). A significant decrease (41.1%) of Pb in the eucalyptus was observed. Zn showed a high decrease rate with sunflower (59.5%) and poplar (52%) and to a lesser degree with willow (35.3%) and eucalyptus (25.4%). The highest decrease in n-alkanes concentration in the sludge was found in willow (98.3%) and sunflower (97.3%), whereas eucalyptus has the lowest PCBs concentration (91.8%) in the sludge compared to the beginning of the trial. These results suggest new strategies (e.g. crop rotation and intercropping) to be adopted for a better management of this phytotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werther Guidi Nissim
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Tania Martellini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Alvisi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Emily Palm
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisa Azzarello
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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17
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Yang K, Zhang T, Shao Y, Tian C, Cattle SR, Zhu Y, Song J. Fractionation, Bioaccessibility, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil of an Urban Recreational Area Amended with Composted Sewage Sludge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040613. [PMID: 29597244 PMCID: PMC5923655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A composted sewage sludge (CSS) was added to the soil of an urban garden at 5%, 10%, and 25% (w/w soil) and stabilised for 180 days. Samples were then collected and analysed for total heavy metal concentrations, chemical fractions, and bioaccessibility, together with some physicochemical properties. The results showed that the total chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) concentrations were increased with CSS addition rate. The CSS addition decreased the residual fractions of these four elements. The exchangeable Cr, Cu, and Pb fractions were very small or not detected, while Zn exhibited an increasing trend in its exchangeable fraction with CSS addition rate. The bioaccessibility of these four elements was increased with the CSS addition rate. Moreover, the Cr, Cu, and Zn bioaccessibility correlated positively with the total concentration, while the bioaccessibility of these four elements exhibited a negative correlation with the residual fraction. The fractionation and bioaccessibility of heavy metals may have also been influenced by pH, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter. The risk assessment code reflected the amended soil showed no or low environmental risks for Cr, Cu, and Pb and a medium risk for Zn. The hazardous index values and cancer risk levels indicated that the heavy metals in the soil amended with 25% CSS posed negligible potential noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to children and adults via incidental ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China.
| | - Yanqiu Shao
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Chao Tian
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Stephen R Cattle
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia.
| | - Ying Zhu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jinjuan Song
- Quality, Safety and Environmental Protection Department, China International Water and Electric Corporation, Beijing 100120, China.
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