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Beaumale E, Van Hove L, Pintard L, Joly N. Microtubule-binding domains in Katanin p80 subunit are essential for severing activity in C. elegans. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202308023. [PMID: 38329452 PMCID: PMC10853069 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-severing enzymes (MSEs), such as Katanin, Spastin, and Fidgetin play essential roles in cell division and neurogenesis. They damage the microtubule (MT) lattice, which can either destroy or amplify the MT cytoskeleton, depending on the cellular context. However, little is known about how they interact with their substrates. We have identified the microtubule-binding domains (MTBD) required for Katanin function in C. elegans. Katanin is a heterohexamer of dimers containing a catalytic subunit p60 and a regulatory subunit p80, both of which are essential for female meiotic spindle assembly. Here, we report that p80-like(MEI-2) dictates Katanin binding to MTs via two MTBDs composed of basic patches. Substituting these patches reduces Katanin binding to MTs, compromising its function in female meiotic-spindle assembly. Structural alignments of p80-like(MEI-2) with p80s from different species revealed that the MTBDs are evolutionarily conserved, even if the specific amino acids involved vary. Our findings highlight the critical importance of the regulatory subunit (p80) in providing MT binding to the Katanin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Beaumale
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Van Hove
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Pintard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Joly
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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2
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Bolhuis DL, Dixit R, Slep KC. Crystal structure of the Arabidopsis SPIRAL2 C-terminal domain reveals a p80-Katanin-like domain. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290024. [PMID: 38157339 PMCID: PMC10756542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal cells of dark-grown plant seedlings reorient their cortical microtubule arrays in response to blue light from a net lateral orientation to a net longitudinal orientation with respect to the long axis of cells. The molecular mechanism underlying this microtubule array reorientation involves katanin, a microtubule severing enzyme, and a plant-specific microtubule associated protein called SPIRAL2. Katanin preferentially severs longitudinal microtubules, generating seeds that amplify the longitudinal array. Upon severing, SPIRAL2 binds nascent microtubule minus ends and limits their dynamics, thereby stabilizing the longitudinal array while the lateral array undergoes net depolymerization. To date, no experimental structural information is available for SPIRAL2 to help inform its mechanism. To gain insight into SPIRAL2 structure and function, we determined a 1.8 Å resolution crystal structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana SPIRAL2 C-terminal domain. The domain is composed of seven core α-helices, arranged in an α-solenoid. Amino-acid sequence conservation maps primarily to one face of the domain involving helices α1, α3, α5, and an extended loop, the α6-α7 loop. The domain fold is similar to, yet structurally distinct from the C-terminal domain of Ge-1 (an mRNA decapping complex factor involved in P-body localization) and, surprisingly, the C-terminal domain of the katanin p80 regulatory subunit. The katanin p80 C-terminal domain heterodimerizes with the MIT domain of the katanin p60 catalytic subunit, and in metazoans, binds the microtubule minus-end factors CAMSAP3 and ASPM. Structural analysis predicts that SPIRAL2 does not engage katanin p60 in a mode homologous to katanin p80. The SPIRAL2 structure highlights an interesting evolutionary convergence of domain architecture and microtubule minus-end localization between SPIRAL2 and katanin complexes, and establishes a foundation upon which structure-function analysis can be conducted to elucidate the role of this domain in the regulation of plant microtubule arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek L. Bolhuis
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ram Dixit
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kevin C. Slep
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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3
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Genova M, Grycova L, Puttrich V, Magiera MM, Lansky Z, Janke C, Braun M. Tubulin polyglutamylation differentially regulates microtubule-interacting proteins. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112101. [PMID: 36636822 PMCID: PMC9975938 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin posttranslational modifications have been predicted to control cytoskeletal functions by coordinating the molecular interactions between microtubules and their associating proteins. A prominent tubulin modification in neurons is polyglutamylation, the deregulation of which causes neurodegeneration. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, using in-vitro reconstitution, we determine how polyglutamylation generated by the two predominant neuronal polyglutamylases, TTLL1 and TTLL7, specifically modulates the activities of three major microtubule interactors: the microtubule-associated protein Tau, the microtubule-severing enzyme katanin and the molecular motor kinesin-1. We demonstrate that the unique modification patterns generated by TTLL1 and TTLL7 differentially impact those three effector proteins, thus allowing for their selective regulation. Given that our experiments were performed with brain tubulin from mouse models in which physiological levels and patterns of polyglutamylation were altered by the genetic knockout of the main modifying enzymes, our quantitative measurements provide direct mechanistic insight into how polyglutamylation could selectively control microtubule interactions in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Genova
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348OrsayFrance
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CNRS UMR3348OrsayFrance
| | - Lenka Grycova
- Institute of BiotechnologyCzech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEVPrague WestCzech Republic
| | - Verena Puttrich
- Institute of BiotechnologyCzech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEVPrague WestCzech Republic
| | - Maria M Magiera
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348OrsayFrance
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CNRS UMR3348OrsayFrance
| | - Zdenek Lansky
- Institute of BiotechnologyCzech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEVPrague WestCzech Republic
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348OrsayFrance
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CNRS UMR3348OrsayFrance
| | - Marcus Braun
- Institute of BiotechnologyCzech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEVPrague WestCzech Republic
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4
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Ohno M, Higuchi Y, Hayashi I. Crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of the plant-specific microtubule-associated protein Spiral2. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2023; 79:17-22. [PMID: 36598352 PMCID: PMC9813970 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x22011815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cells form microtubule arrays, called `cortical microtubules', beneath the plasma membrane which are critical for cell-wall organization and directional cell growth. Cortical microtubules are nucleated independently of centrosomes. Spiral2 is a land-plant-specific microtubule minus-end-targeting protein that stabilizes the minus ends by inhibiting depolymerization of the filament. Spiral2 possesses an N-terminal microtubule-binding domain and a conserved C-terminal domain whose function is unknown. In this study, the crystal structure of the conserved C-terminal domain of Spiral2 was determined using the single-wavelength anomalous dispersion method. Refinement of the model to a resolution of 2.2 Å revealed a helix-turn-helix fold with seven α-helices. The protein crystallized as a dimer, but SEC-MALS analysis showed the protein to be monomeric. A structural homology search revealed that the protein has similarity to the C-terminal domain of the katanin regulatory subunit p80. The structure presented here suggests that the C-terminal domain of Spiral2 represents a new class of microtubule dynamics modulator across the kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ohno
- Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuuki Higuchi
- Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hayashi
- Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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5
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Yang C, Zhao X, An X, Zhang Y, Sun W, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Kang X, Sun Y, Jiang L, Lian F. Axonal transport deficits in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1136796. [PMID: 37056668 PMCID: PMC10086245 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1136796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a chronic and prevalent metabolic disease that gravely endangers human health and seriously affects the quality of life of hyperglycemic patients. More seriously, it can lead to amputation and neuropathic pain, imposing a severe financial burden on patients and the healthcare system. Even with strict glycemic control or pancreas transplantation, peripheral nerve damage is difficult to reverse. Most current treatment options for DPN can only treat the symptoms but not the underlying mechanism. Patients with long-term diabetes mellitus (DM) develop axonal transport dysfunction, which could be an important factor in causing or exacerbating DPN. This review explores the underlying mechanisms that may be related to axonal transport impairment and cytoskeletal changes caused by DM, and the relevance of the latter with the occurrence and progression of DPN, including nerve fiber loss, diminished nerve conduction velocity, and impaired nerve regeneration, and also predicts possible therapeutic strategies. Understanding the mechanisms of diabetic neuronal injury is essential to prevent the deterioration of DPN and to develop new therapeutic strategies. Timely and effective improvement of axonal transport impairment is particularly critical for the treatment of peripheral neuropathies.
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6
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Szczesna E, Zehr EA, Cummings SW, Szyk A, Mahalingan KK, Li Y, Roll-Mecak A. Combinatorial and antagonistic effects of tubulin glutamylation and glycylation on katanin microtubule severing. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2497-2513.e6. [PMID: 36347241 PMCID: PMC9665884 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules have spatiotemporally complex posttranslational modification patterns. How cells interpret this tubulin modification code is largely unknown. We show that C. elegans katanin, a microtubule severing AAA ATPase mutated in microcephaly and critical for cell division, axonal elongation, and cilia biogenesis, responds precisely, differentially, and combinatorially to three chemically distinct tubulin modifications-glycylation, glutamylation, and tyrosination-but is insensitive to acetylation. Glutamylation and glycylation are antagonistic rheostats with glycylation protecting microtubules from severing. Katanin exhibits graded and divergent responses to glutamylation on the α- and β-tubulin tails, and these act combinatorially. The katanin hexamer central pore constrains the polyglutamate chain patterns on β-tails recognized productively. Elements distal to the katanin AAA core sense α-tubulin tyrosination, and detyrosination downregulates severing. The multivalent microtubule recognition that enables katanin to read multiple tubulin modification inputs explains in vivo observations and illustrates how effectors can integrate tubulin code signals to produce diverse functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczesna
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elena A Zehr
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven W Cummings
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Agnieszka Szyk
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kishore K Mahalingan
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomic Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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7
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Meiring JCM, Grigoriev I, Nijenhuis W, Kapitein LC, Akhmanova A. Opto-katanin, an optogenetic tool for localized, microtubule disassembly. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4660-4674.e6. [PMID: 36174574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are cytoskeletal polymers that separate chromosomes during mitosis and serve as rails for intracellular transport and organelle positioning. Manipulation of microtubules is widely used in cell and developmental biology, but tools for precise subcellular spatiotemporal control of microtubules are currently lacking. Here, we describe a light-activated system for localized recruitment of the microtubule-severing enzyme katanin. This system, named opto-katanin, uses targeted illumination with blue light to induce rapid, localized, and reversible microtubule depolymerization. This tool allows precise clearing of a subcellular region of microtubules while preserving the rest of the microtubule network, demonstrating that regulation of katanin recruitment to microtubules is sufficient to control its severing activity. The tool is not toxic in the absence of blue light and can be used to disassemble both dynamic and stable microtubules in primary neurons as well as in dividing cells. We show that opto-katanin can be used to locally block vesicle transport and to clarify the dependence of organelle morphology and dynamics on microtubules. Specifically, our data indicate that microtubules are not required for the maintenance of the Golgi stacks or the tubules of the endoplasmic reticulum but are needed for the formation of new membrane tubules. Finally, we demonstrate that this tool can be applied to study the contribution of microtubules to cell mechanics by showing that microtubule bundles can exert forces constricting the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C M Meiring
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands
| | - Ilya Grigoriev
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands
| | - Wilco Nijenhuis
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands; Center for Living Technologies, Eindhoven-Wageningen-Utrecht Alliance, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands; Center for Living Technologies, Eindhoven-Wageningen-Utrecht Alliance, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands.
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8
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Wenzel DM, Mackay DR, Skalicky JJ, Paine EL, Miller MS, Ullman KS, Sundquist WI. Comprehensive analysis of the human ESCRT-III-MIT domain interactome reveals new cofactors for cytokinetic abscission. eLife 2022; 11:e77779. [PMID: 36107470 PMCID: PMC9477494 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 12 related human ESCRT-III proteins form filaments that constrict membranes and mediate fission, including during cytokinetic abscission. The C-terminal tails of polymerized ESCRT-III subunits also bind proteins that contain Microtubule-Interacting and Trafficking (MIT) domains. MIT domains can interact with ESCRT-III tails in many different ways to create a complex binding code that is used to recruit essential cofactors to sites of ESCRT activity. Here, we have comprehensively and quantitatively mapped the interactions between all known ESCRT-III tails and 19 recombinant human MIT domains. We measured 228 pairwise interactions, quantified 60 positive interactions, and discovered 18 previously unreported interactions. We also report the crystal structure of the SPASTIN MIT domain in complex with the IST1 C-terminal tail. Three MIT enzymes were studied in detail and shown to: (1) localize to cytokinetic midbody membrane bridges through interactions with their specific ESCRT-III binding partners (SPASTIN-IST1, KATNA1-CHMP3, and CAPN7-IST1), (2) function in abscission (SPASTIN, KATNA1, and CAPN7), and (3) function in the 'NoCut' abscission checkpoint (SPASTIN and CAPN7). Our studies define the human MIT-ESCRT-III interactome, identify new factors and activities required for cytokinetic abscission and its regulation, and provide a platform for analyzing ESCRT-III and MIT cofactor interactions in all ESCRT-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Wenzel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Douglas R Mackay
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jack J Skalicky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Elliott L Paine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Katharine S Ullman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Wesley I Sundquist
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
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9
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Dunleavy JEM, O'Connor AE, Okuda H, Merriner DJ, O'Bryan MK. KATNB1 is a master regulator of multiple katanin enzymes in male meiosis and haploid germ cell development. Development 2021; 148:273717. [PMID: 34822718 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Katanin microtubule-severing enzymes are crucial executers of microtubule regulation. Here, we have created an allelic loss-of-function series of the katanin regulatory B-subunit KATNB1 in mice. We reveal that KATNB1 is the master regulator of all katanin enzymatic A-subunits during mammalian spermatogenesis, wherein it is required to maintain katanin A-subunit abundance. Our data shows that complete loss of KATNB1 from germ cells is incompatible with sperm production, and we reveal multiple new spermatogenesis functions for KATNB1, including essential roles in male meiosis, acrosome formation, sperm tail assembly, regulation of both the Sertoli and germ cell cytoskeletons during sperm nuclear remodelling, and maintenance of seminiferous epithelium integrity. Collectively, our findings reveal that katanins are able to differentially regulate almost all key microtubule-based structures during mammalian male germ cell development, through the complexing of one master controller, KATNB1, with a 'toolbox' of neofunctionalised katanin A-subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E M Dunleavy
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Anne E O'Connor
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hidenobu Okuda
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - D Jo Merriner
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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10
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Lynn NA, Martinez E, Nguyen H, Torres JZ. The Mammalian Family of Katanin Microtubule-Severing Enzymes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:692040. [PMID: 34414183 PMCID: PMC8369831 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.692040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The katanin family of microtubule-severing enzymes is critical for cytoskeletal rearrangements that affect key cellular processes like division, migration, signaling, and homeostasis. In humans, aberrant expression, or dysfunction of the katanins, is linked to developmental, proliferative, and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review current knowledge on the mammalian family of katanins, including an overview of evolutionary conservation, functional domain organization, and the mechanisms that regulate katanin activity. We assess the function of katanins in dividing and non-dividing cells and how their dysregulation promotes impaired ciliary signaling and defects in developmental programs (corticogenesis, gametogenesis, and neurodevelopment) and contributes to neurodegeneration and cancer. We conclude with perspectives on future katanin research that will advance our understanding of this exciting and dynamic class of disease-associated enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Lynn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emily Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jorge Z. Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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11
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Wang H, Sun J, Yang F, Weng Y, Chen P, Du S, Wei A, Li Y. CsKTN1 for a katanin p60 subunit is associated with the regulation of fruit elongation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2429-2441. [PMID: 34043036 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We identified a short fruit3 (sf3) mutant in cucumber. Map-based cloning revealed that CsKTN1 gene encodes a katanin p60 subunit, which is associated with the regulation of fruit elongation. Fruit length is an important horticultural trait for both fruit yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Knowledge on the molecular regulation of fruit elongation in cucumber is very limited. In this study, we identified and characterized a cucumber short fruit3 (sf3) mutant. Histological examination indicated that the shorter fruit in the mutant was due to reduced cell numbers. Genetic analysis revealed that the phenotype of the sf3 mutant was controlled by a single gene with semi-dominant inheritance. By map-based cloning and Arabidopsis genetic transformation, we showed that Sf3 was a homolog of KTN1 (CsKTN1) encoding a katanin p60 subunit. A non-synonymous mutation in the fifth exon of CsKTN1 resulted in an amino acid substitution from Serine in the wild type to Phenylalanine in the sf3 mutant. CsKTN1 expressed in all tissues of both the wild type and the sf3 mutant. However, there was no significant difference in CsKTN1 expression levels between the wild type and the sf3 mutant. The hormone quantitation and RNA-seq analysis suggested that auxin and gibberellin contents are decreased in sf3 by changing the expression levels of genes related with auxin and gibberellin metabolism and signaling. This work helps understand the function of the katanin and the molecular mechanisms of fruit growth regulation in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengli Du
- Tianjin Vegetable Research Center, Tianjin, 300192, China
- National Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Aimin Wei
- Tianjin Vegetable Research Center, Tianjin, 300192, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Wei X, Liu W, Zhu X, Li Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Isachenko V, Sha Y, Lu Z. Biallelic mutations in KATNAL2 cause male infertility due to oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia. Clin Genet 2021; 100:376-385. [PMID: 34096614 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OAT) is a common cause of male infertility, and most of idiopathic OAT patients are thought to be caused by genetic defects. Here, we recruited 38 primary infertile patients with the OAT phenotype and 40 adult men with proven fertility for genetic analysis and identified biallelic mutations of KATNAL2 by whole-exome sequencing in two cases. F013/II:1, from a consanguineous family, carried the KATNAL2 c.328C > T:p.Arg110X homozygous mutations. The other carried c.55A > G: p.Lys19Glu and c.169C > T: p Arg57Trp biallelic mutations. None of the KATNAL2 variants were found in the 40 adult men with proven fertility. The spermatozoa from patients with KATNAL2 biallelic mutations exhibited conspicuous defects in maturation, head morphology, and the structure of mitochondrial sheaths and flagella. KATNAL2 was mainly expressed in the pericentriolar material and mitochondrial sheath of the spermatozoa from control subjects, but it was undetectable in the spermatozoa from the patients. Furthermore, Katnal2 null male mice were infertile and displayed an OAT phenotype. Our results proved that the biallelic mutations in KATNAL2 cause male infertility and OAT in humans for the first time, to our knowledge, which could enrich the genetic defect spectrum of OAT and be beneficial for its accurate genetic screening and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingshen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Youzhu Li
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Vladimir Isachenko
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Yanwei Sha
- Department of Andrology, United Diagnostic and Research Centre for Clinical Genetics, School of Medicine & Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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13
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Chen Q, Lin F, Lin E, Huang Q, Wu G. Katanin P60 and P80 in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients: Indicators for exacerbated tumor features and worse disease-free survival. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23502. [PMID: 33274499 PMCID: PMC7755818 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the clinical implications of katanin P60 and P80 (katanin P60/P80) regarding their correlations with clinicopathological features and survival profiles in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. Methods Tumor tissue and paired adjacent tissue specimens were obtained from 172 PTC patients who underwent lobectomy or thyroidectomy. Besides, immunohistochemistry assay and immunoreactive (IR) score (multiplying staining intensity score by density score) were used to determine katanin P60/P80 expressions. According to IR score (from 0 ~ 12), katanin P60/P80 expressions were classified as low (IR score 0 ~ 3) and high (IR score 4 ~ 12) expressions. Results Both katanin P60/P80 expressions were highly expressed in tumor tissue compared with adjacent tissue. Besides, tumor katanin P60 expression positively correlated with tumor katanin P80 expression. Tumor katanin P60 high expression correlated with larger tumor size, extrathyroidal invasion, advanced pT stage, pN stage, and pTNM stage, while no correlation of tumor katanin P60 expression with age or gender was observed; tumor katanin P80 high expression correlated with advanced pN stage and pTNM stage, whereas there was no correlation of tumor katanin P80 expression with age, gender, tumor size, extrathyroidal invasion, or pT stage. Furthermore, both tumor katanin P60/P80 high expressions correlated with shorter accumulating disease‐free survival. As for overall survival (OS), neither tumor katanin P60 nor P80 expression correlated with OS. Conclusion Katanin P60/P80 measurement might assist with tumor management and prognosis surveillance in PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggui Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fusheng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ende Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qinghe Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guoyang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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14
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Much More Than a Scaffold: Cytoskeletal Proteins in Neurological Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020358. [PMID: 32033020 PMCID: PMC7072452 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent observations related to the structure of the cytoskeleton in neurons and novel cytoskeletal abnormalities involved in the pathophysiology of some neurological diseases are changing our view on the function of the cytoskeletal proteins in the nervous system. These efforts allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological diseases and allow us to see beyond our current knowledge for the development of new treatments. The neuronal cytoskeleton can be described as an organelle formed by the three-dimensional lattice of the three main families of filaments: actin filaments, microtubules, and neurofilaments. This organelle organizes well-defined structures within neurons (cell bodies and axons), which allow their proper development and function through life. Here, we will provide an overview of both the basic and novel concepts related to those cytoskeletal proteins, which are emerging as potential targets in the study of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurological disorders.
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15
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Zehr EA, Szyk A, Szczesna E, Roll-Mecak A. Katanin Grips the β-Tubulin Tail through an Electropositive Double Spiral to Sever Microtubules. Dev Cell 2020; 52:118-131.e6. [PMID: 31735665 PMCID: PMC7060837 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The AAA ATPase katanin severs microtubules. It is critical in cell division, centriole biogenesis, and neuronal morphogenesis. Its mutation causes microcephaly. The microtubule templates katanin hexamerization and activates its ATPase. The structural basis for these activities and how they lead to severing is unknown. Here, we show that β-tubulin tails are necessary and sufficient for severing. Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures reveal the essential tubulin tail glutamates gripped by a double spiral of electropositive loops lining the katanin central pore. Each spiral couples allosterically to the ATPase and binds alternating, successive substrate residues, with consecutive residues coordinated by adjacent protomers. This tightly couples tail binding, hexamerization, and ATPase activation. Hexamer structures in different states suggest an ATPase-driven, ratchet-like translocation of the tubulin tail through the pore. A disordered region outside the AAA core anchors katanin to the microtubule while the AAA motor exerts the forces that extract tubulin dimers and sever the microtubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Zehr
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Agnieszka Szyk
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Ewa Szczesna
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA; Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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16
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Aggarwal P, Wei L, Cao Y, Liu Q, Guttman JA, Wang Q, Leung KY. Edwardsiella induces microtubule-severing in host epithelial cells. Microbiol Res 2019; 229:126325. [PMID: 31563838 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella bacteria cause economic losses to a variety of commercially important fish globally. Human infections are rare and result in a gastroenteritis-like illness. Because these bacteria are evolutionarily related to other Enterobacteriaceae and the host cytoskeleton is a common target of enterics, we hypothesized that Edwardsiella may cause similar phenotypes. Here we use HeLa and Caco-2 infection models to show that microtubules are severed during the late infections. This microtubule alteration phenotype was not dependant on the type III or type VI secretion system (T3SS and T6SS) of the bacteria as ΔT3SS and ΔT6SS mutants of E. piscicida EIB202 and E. tarda ATCC15947 that lacks both also caused microtubule disassembly. Immunolocalization experiments showed the host katanin catalytic subunits A1 and A like 1 proteins at regions of microtubule severing, suggesting their involvement in the microtubule disassembly events. To identify bacterial components involved in this phenotype, we screened a 2,758 transposon library of E. piscicida EIB202 and found that 4 single mutations in the atpFHAGDC operon disrupted microtubule disassembly in HeLa cells. We then constructed three atp deletion mutants; they all could not disassemble host microtubules. This work provides the first clear evidence of host cytoskeletal alterations during Edwardsiella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Aggarwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Lifan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Cao
- Guangdong Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, Shanghai, China
| | - Julian A Guttman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, Shanghai, China
| | - Ka Yin Leung
- Guangdong Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Faltova L, Jiang K, Frey D, Wu Y, Capitani G, Prota AE, Akhmanova A, Steinmetz MO, Kammerer RA. Crystal Structure of a Heterotetrameric Katanin p60:p80 Complex. Structure 2019; 27:1375-1383.e3. [PMID: 31353241 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Katanin is a microtubule-severing enzyme that is crucial for many cellular processes. Katanin consists of two subunits, p60 and p80, that form a stable complex. The interaction between subunits is mediated by the p60 N-terminal microtubule-interacting and -trafficking domain (p60-MIT) and the p80 C-terminal domain (p80-CTD). Here, we performed a biophysical characterization of the mouse p60-MIT:p80-CTD heterodimer and show that this complex can assemble into heterotetramers. We identified two mutations that enhance heterotetramer formation and determined the X-ray crystal structure of this mutant complex. The structure revealed a domain-swapped heterotetramer consisting of two p60-MIT:p80-CTD heterodimers. Structure-based sequence alignments suggest that heterotetramerization of katanin might be a common feature of various species. Furthermore, we show that enhanced heterotetramerization of katanin impairs its microtubule end-binding properties and increases the enzyme's microtubule lattice binding and severing activities. Therefore, our findings suggest the existence of different katanin oligomers that possess distinct functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Faltova
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Kai Jiang
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Daniel Frey
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Yufan Wu
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Guido Capitani
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Richard A Kammerer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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18
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Li X, Liu J, Shi PF, Fu P. Katanin P80 expression correlates with lymph node metastasis and worse overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2019; 23:363-371. [PMID: 30223388 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of katanin P80 expression with clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) in surgical breast cancer (BC) patients. METHODS Four hundred and fourteen BC patients underwent surgery were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study. Katanin P80 expression was examined by immunofluorescence assay. The median follow-up duration was 118.0 months (quantiles: 99.0-140.5 months), the last follow-up date was Jul 1st 2017. RESULTS Eighty-five patients (20.5%) with katanin P80 positive expression and 329 patients (79.5%) with katanin P80 negative expression were observed in this research. Katanin P80 positive expression was correlated with higher N stage (p< 0.001) and TNM stage (p< 0.001). K-M curve and log-rank test revealed that katanin P80 positive patients presented with shorter OS compared with katanin P80 negative patients (p< 0.001). Multivariate Cox's regression analysis disclosed that katanin P80 positive expression (p< 0.001) and histologic grade (p< 0.001) could independently predict unfavorable OS. Furthermore, subgroups analysis was performed, which illuminated that katanin P80 positive expression was correlated with shorter OS in all subgroups divided by molecular subtyping and TNM stage (all p< 0.05) except in TNM stage I subgroup (p= 0.573). CONCLUSION Katanin P80 expression positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and could abe a novel biomarker for prognosis in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng-Fei Shi
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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McNally FJ, Roll-Mecak A. Microtubule-severing enzymes: From cellular functions to molecular mechanism. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:4057-4069. [PMID: 30373906 PMCID: PMC6279391 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201612104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
McNally and Roll-Mecak review the molecular mechanism of microtubule-severing enzymes and their diverse roles in processes ranging from cell division to ciliogensis and morphogenesis. Microtubule-severing enzymes generate internal breaks in microtubules. They are conserved in eukaryotes from ciliates to mammals, and their function is important in diverse cellular processes ranging from cilia biogenesis to cell division, phototropism, and neurogenesis. Their mutation leads to neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. All three known microtubule-severing enzymes, katanin, spastin, and fidgetin, are members of the meiotic subfamily of AAA ATPases that also includes VPS4, which disassembles ESCRTIII polymers. Despite their conservation and importance to cell physiology, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of microtubule-severing enzymes are not well understood. Here we review a subset of cellular processes that require microtubule-severing enzymes as well as recent advances in understanding their structure, biophysical mechanism, and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J McNally
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD .,Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
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20
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Jiang K, Faltova L, Hua S, Capitani G, Prota AE, Landgraf C, Volkmer R, Kammerer RA, Steinmetz MO, Akhmanova A. Structural Basis of Formation of the Microtubule Minus-End-Regulating CAMSAP-Katanin Complex. Structure 2018; 26:375-382.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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