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Kim J, Wang C, Park J. Multi-Layered Bipolar Ionic Diode Working in Broad Range Ion Concentration. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1311. [PMID: 37512622 PMCID: PMC10384376 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Ion current rectification (ICR) is the ratio of ion current by forward bias to backward bias and is a critical indicator of diode performance. In previous studies, there have been many attempts to improve the performance of this ICR, but there is the intrinsic problem for geometric changes that induce ionic rectification due to fabrication problems. Additionally, the high ICR could be achieved in the narrow salt concentration range only. Here, we propose a multi-layered bipolar ionic diode based on an asymmetric nanochannel network membrane (NCNM), which is realized by soft lithography and self-assembly of homogenous-sized nanoparticles. Owing to the freely changeable geometry based on soft lithography, the ICR performance can be explored according to the variation of microchannel shape. The presented diode with multi-layered configuration shows strong ICR performance, and in a broad range of salt concentrations (0.1 mM~100 mM), steady ICR performance. It is interesting to note that when each anion-selective (AS) and cation-selective (CS) NCNM volume was similar to each optimized volume in a single-layered device, the maximum ICR was obtained. Multi-physics simulation, which reveals greater ionic concentration at the bipolar diode junction under forward bias and less depletion under backward in comparison to the single-layer scenario, supports this tendency as well. Additionally, under different frequencies and salt concentrations, a large-area hysteresis loop emerges, which indicates fascinating potential for electroosmotic pumps, memristors, biosensors, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Sinsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388, Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jungyul Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Sinsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
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2
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Sabbagh B, Fraiman NE, Fish A, Yossifon G. Designing with Iontronic Logic Gates─From a Single Polyelectrolyte Diode to an Integrated Ionic Circuit. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23361-23370. [PMID: 37068481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the implementation of on-chip iontronic circuits via small-scale integration of multiple ionic logic gates made of bipolar polyelectrolyte diodes. These ionic circuits are analogous to solid-state electronic circuits, with ions as the charge carriers instead of electrons/holes. We experimentally characterize the responses of a single fluidic diode made of a junction of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (i.e., anion and cation exchange membranes), with a similar underlying mechanism as a solid-state p- and n-type junction. This served to carry out predesigned logical computations in various architectures by integrating multiple diode-based logic gates, where the electrical signal between the integrated gates was transmitted entirely through ions. The findings shed light on the limitations affecting the number of logic gates that can be integrated, the degradation of the electrical signal, their transient response, and the design rules that can improve the performance of iontronic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Sabbagh
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Noa Edri Fraiman
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Alex Fish
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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3
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Iontronic analog of synaptic plasticity: Hydrogel-based ionic diode with chemical precipitation and dissolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211442120. [PMID: 36574693 PMCID: PMC9910479 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211442120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an aqueous nonlinear synaptic element showing plasticity behavior is developed, which is based on the chemical processes in an ionic diode. The device is simple, fully ionic, and easily configurable, requiring only two terminals-for input and output-similar to biological synapses. The key processes realizing the plasticity features are chemical precipitation and dissolution, which occur at forward- or reverse-biased ionic diode junctions in appropriate reservoir electrolytes. Given that the precipitate acts as a physical barrier in the circuit, the above processes change the diode conductivity, which can be interpreted as adjusting "synaptic weight" of the system. By varying the operating conditions, we first demonstrate the four types of plasticity that can be found in biological system: long-term potentiation/depression and short-term potentiation/depression. The plasticity of the proposed iontronic device has characteristics similar to those of neural synapses. To demonstrate its potential use in comparatively complex information processing, we develop a precipitation-based iontronic synapse (PIS) capable of both potentiation and depression. Finally, we show that the postsynaptic signals from the multiple excitatory or inhibitory PISs can be integrated into the total "dendritic" current, which is a function of time and input history, as in actual hippocampal neural circuits.
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4
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Yeon SY, Rho J, Kim Y, Chung TD. Reverse electrodialysis for emerging applications. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Yeon
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Rho
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yunju Kim
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
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5
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Kukhta N, Marks A, Luscombe CK. Molecular Design Strategies toward Improvement of Charge Injection and Ionic Conduction in Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors for Organic Electrochemical Transistors. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4325-4355. [PMID: 34902244 PMCID: PMC8874907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Expanding the toolbox of the biology and electronics mutual conjunction is a primary aim of bioelectronics. The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) has undeniably become a predominant device for mixed conduction materials, offering impressive transconduction properties alongside a relatively simple device architecture. In this review, we focus on the discussion of recent material developments in the area of mixed conductors for bioelectronic applications by means of thorough structure-property investigation and analysis of current challenges. Fundamental operation principles of the OECT are revisited, and characterization methods are highlighted. Current bioelectronic applications of organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) are underlined. Challenges in the performance and operational stability of OECT channel materials as well as potential strategies for mitigating them, are discussed. This is further expanded to sketch a synopsis of the history of mixed conduction materials for both p- and n-type channel operation, detailing the synthetic challenges and milestones which have been overcome to frequently produce higher performing OECT devices. The cumulative work of multiple research groups is summarized, and synthetic design strategies are extracted to present a series of design principles that can be utilized to drive figure-of-merit performance values even further for future OMIEC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadzeya
A. Kukhta
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Adam Marks
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Molecular
Engineering & Sciences Institute, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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6
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Nakamura T, Honda M, Kimura Y, Amezawa K. High-temperature ionic logic gates composed of an ionic rectifying solid–electrolyte interface. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18501-18506. [PMID: 35799931 PMCID: PMC9219041 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00710j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct data collection from extremely high temperature environments is vitally important for the progress of industrial technologies such as combustion-engines, turbines and furnaces for various purposes. However, present semiconductor-based information devices are not suitable for such high-temperature applications due to thermal excitation of electronic carriers. Herein, we demonstrate high-temperature ionic AND and OR logic gates composed of the oxide-ion-conducting yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and the mixed oxide-ion and electron conducting La2NiO4+δ as an ultra-high temperature information device. The ionic AND and OR gates developed in this work exhibited proper and stable electrical responses at 1073 K. The ionic logic gates shown in this work are promising demonstrations for robust information devices in extreme environments. In this work, high-temperature ionic logic gates composed of ion rectifying YSZ/La2NiO4+δ junctions are demonstrated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Miri Honda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-1 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuta Kimura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Koji Amezawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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Han SH, Kim SI, Lee HR, Lim SM, Yeon SY, Oh MA, Lee S, Sun JY, Joo YC, Chung TD. Hydrogel-Based Iontronics on a Polydimethylsiloxane Microchip. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6606-6614. [PMID: 33496567 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In response to the extensive utilization of ionic circuits, including in iontronics and wearable devices, a new method for fabricating a hydrogel-based ionic circuit on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchip is reported. Prolonged UV/ozone oxidation combined with proper surface functionalizations and a novel microchip bonding method using thiol-epoxy click reaction enable the robust attachment of the photopolymerized hydrogel to the microchannel surface for eventual operation in electrolytes as an ionic circuit. The stretchable ionic diode constructed on the PDMS microchip shows a superior rectification ratio even under tensile stress and long-term storage stability. Furthermore, the combination of the ionic circuit and unique material properties of PDMS allows us to maximize the versatility and diversify the functionalities of the iontronic device, as demonstrated in a pressure-driven ionic switch and chip-integrated ionic regulator. Its iontronic signal transmission mimicking the excitatory and inhibitory synapses also evinces the potential of the hydrogel-based iontronics on the PDMS microchip as developed toward an aqueous neuromimetic information processor while opening up new opportunities for various bioinspired applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hee Han
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Il Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hae-Ryung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Song Yi Yeon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min-Ah Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Young-Chang Joo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea
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8
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Lucas RA, Lin CY, Baker LA, Siwy ZS. Ionic amplifying circuits inspired by electronics and biology. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1568. [PMID: 32218445 PMCID: PMC7099069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated circuits are present in all electronic devices, and enable signal amplification, modulation, and relay. Nature uses another type of circuits composed of channels in a cell membrane, which regulate and amplify transport of ions, not electrons and holes as is done in electronic systems. Here we show an abiotic ionic circuit that is inspired by concepts from electronics and biology. The circuit amplifies small ionic signals into ionic outputs, and its operation mimics the electronic Darlington amplifier composed of transistors. The individual transistors are pores equipped with three terminals including a gate that is able to enrich or deplete ions in the pore. The circuits we report function at gate voltages < 1 V, respond to sub-nA gate currents, and offer ion current amplification with a gain up to ~300. Ionic amplifiers are a logical step toward improving chemical and biochemical sensing, separations and amplification, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Lucas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Chih-Yuan Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Zuzanna S Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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9
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Power Generation from Concentration Gradient by Reverse Electrodialysis in Anisotropic Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membranes. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13040904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, reverse electrodialysis power generation using an anisotropic anodic aluminum oxide membrane with nanopores of two different pore diameters is proposed and experimentally investigated for the first time. A number of experiments were carried out for various combinations of concentrations to show that the anisotropic anodic aluminum oxide membrane is superior to the conventional isotropic membrane. As a result, the highest power density that was measured from the anisotropic membrane was 15.0 mW/m2, and it was 7.2 times higher than that from the isotropic membrane. The reasons why the anisotropic membrane is superior to the isotropic membrane are explained in detail. The experiments on the anisotropic membranes with various active layer lengths and pore diameters were also conducted for exploring the effects of these engineering parameters on the power generation performance. As a result, it was shown that the length of the active layer is a more important engineering parameter than the pore diameter of the active layer. Additionally, it was also shown that a low concentration solution should be brought into contact with the active layer side of the membrane whenever an anisotropic membrane is used for reverse electrodialysis.
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Han JH, Jeong N, Kim CS, Hwang KS, Kim H, Nam JY, Jwa E, Yang S, Choi J. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) using a bipolar membrane to suppress inorganic fouling around the cathode. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 166:115078. [PMID: 31542547 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When operating reverse electrodialysis (RED) with several hundreds of cell pairs, a large stack voltage of more than 10 V facilitates water electrolysis, even when redox couples are employed for the electrode reaction. Upon feeding natural water containing multivalent ions, ion crossover through a shielding membrane causes inorganic scaling around the cathode and the interior of the membrane stack, due to the combination with the hydroxide ions produced via water reduction. In this work, we introduce a bipolar membrane (BPM) as a shielding membrane at the cathode to suppress inorganic precipitation. Water splitting in the bilayer structure of the BPM can block the ions diffusing from the catholyte and the feed solution, maintaining the current density. To evaluate the effect of the BPM on the inorganic precipitates, diluted sea salt solution is allowed to flow through the outermost feed channel near the cathode, in order to maintain as large a stack voltage as possible, which is important to induce water splitting in the BPM when incorporated into an RED stack of 100 cell pairs. We measure the electric power of the RED according to the arrangement of the BPM and compare it with that of conventional RED. The degree of inorganic scaling is also compared according to the kind of shielding membrane used (anion exchange membrane, cation exchange membrane, and BPM (Neosepta or Fumasep)). The BPM (Neosepta) shows the best performance for suppressing the formation of precipitates. It can hence be used to design a highly stable electrode system for long-term operation of a large-scale RED feeding natural water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyung Han
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200 Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, 63357, South Korea.
| | - Namjo Jeong
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200 Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, 63357, South Korea
| | - Chan-Soo Kim
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200 Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, 63357, South Korea
| | - Kyo Sik Hwang
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200 Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, 63357, South Korea
| | - Hanki Kim
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200 Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, 63357, South Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Nam
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200 Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, 63357, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Jwa
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200 Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, 63357, South Korea
| | - SeungCheol Yang
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200 Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, 63357, South Korea; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Uichang-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51140, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200 Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, 63357, South Korea
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Yeon SY, Yun J, Yoon SH, Lee D, Jang W, Han SH, Kang CM, Chung TD. A miniaturized solid salt reverse electrodialysis battery: a durable and fully ionic power source. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8071-8076. [PMID: 30542555 PMCID: PMC6238720 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02954g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel pump-free miniaturized reverse electrodialysis (RED) system was designed to provide lasting power transduced from salinity gradients, named solid salt RED (ssRED), and this quasi-battery uses a solid salt instead of electrolyte solution for streamlined usage. It is portable, flexible, comparable in size to a universal serial bus flash drive, and easily activated with a small amount of water. It maintains a constant ionic concentration gradient through precipitation reactions between a pair of different salts. This precipitation-assisted solid salt RED (PssRED) is an unprecedented ionic power source as it can generate steady electricity in the absence of a driving pump. The PssRED was successfully coupled with bipolar electrode (BPE) microchip sensors which require stable ionic electricity and a polyelectrolyte ionic diode to realize a fully ionic circuit. It is envisioned that the range of application could be expanded to supply electromotive force to various devices through an ionic charge flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Yeon
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Jeongse Yun
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Sun-Heui Yoon
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Dahye Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Woohyuk Jang
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Seok Hee Han
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Chung Mu Kang
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology , Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea .
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology , Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16229 , Republic of Korea
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12
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Cheng LJ. Electrokinetic ion transport in nanofluidics and membranes with applications in bioanalysis and beyond. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:021502. [PMID: 29713395 PMCID: PMC5897123 DOI: 10.1063/1.5022789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic transport of ions between electrolyte solutions and ion permselective solid media governs a variety of applications, such as molecular separation, biological detection, and bioelectronics. These applications rely on a unique class of materials and devices to interface the ionic and electronic systems. The devices built on ion permselective materials or micro-/nanofluidic channels are arranged to work with aqueous environments capable of either manipulating charged species through applied electric fields or transducing biological responses into electronic signals. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the application of electrokinetic ion transport using nanofluidic and membrane technologies. We start with an introduction into the theoretical basis of ion transport kinetics and their analogy to the charge transport in electronic systems. We continue with discussions of the materials and nanofabrication technologies developed to create ion permselective membranes and nanofluidic devices. Accomplishments from various applications are highlighted, including biosensing, molecular separation, energy conversion, and bio-electronic interfaces. We also briefly outline potential applications and challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Cheng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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