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Morgan STB, Whelan DR, Rozario AM. Visualizing DNA damage and repair using single molecule super resolution microscopy. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 182:237-245. [PMID: 38359980 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Single molecule super resolution microscopy overcomes the diffraction limit by separating individual fluorophore emissions over time, resulting in spatial resolutions that are far superior to epifluorescence microscopy. This allows for DNA damage response (DDR) events to be investigated in greater detail. A variety of DNA damaging drugs can be used on S-phase synchronized immortalized cell lines alongside 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) pulse labelling to ultimately visualize DNA repair pathways at distinct time points and quantify colocalizations between nascent DNA and immunolabeled DDR proteins. This chapter will outline super resolution microscopy assays to interrogate the spatiotemporal organization of DNA repair proteins at damaged foci during DDR events within immortalized cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie T B Morgan
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Donna R Whelan
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley M Rozario
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Storchova R, Palek M, Palkova N, Veverka P, Brom T, Hofr C, Macurek L. Phosphorylation of TRF2 promotes its interaction with TIN2 and regulates DNA damage response at telomeres. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1154-1172. [PMID: 36651296 PMCID: PMC9943673 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 delta (PPM1D) terminates the cell cycle checkpoint by dephosphorylating the tumour suppressor protein p53. By targeting additional substrates at chromatin, PPM1D contributes to the control of DNA damage response and DNA repair. Using proximity biotinylation followed by proteomic analysis, we identified a novel interaction between PPM1D and the shelterin complex that protects telomeric DNA. In addition, confocal microscopy revealed that endogenous PPM1D localises at telomeres. Further, we found that ATR phosphorylated TRF2 at S410 after induction of DNA double strand breaks at telomeres and this modification increased after inhibition or loss of PPM1D. TRF2 phosphorylation stimulated its interaction with TIN2 both in vitro and at telomeres. Conversely, induced expression of PPM1D impaired localisation of TIN2 and TPP1 at telomeres. Finally, recruitment of the DNA repair factor 53BP1 to the telomeric breaks was strongly reduced after inhibition of PPM1D and was rescued by the expression of TRF2-S410A mutant. Our results suggest that TRF2 phosphorylation promotes the association of TIN2 within the shelterin complex and regulates DNA repair at telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Storchova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague CZ-14220, Czech Republic
| | - Matous Palek
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague CZ-14220, Czech Republic
| | - Natalie Palkova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague CZ-14220, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Veverka
- LifeB, Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Brom
- LifeB, Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Ctirad Hofr
- LifeB, Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Macurek
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague CZ-14220, Czech Republic
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3
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Völs S, Kaisar-Iluz N, Shaul ME, Ryvkin A, Ashkenazy H, Yehuda A, Atamneh R, Heinberg A, Ben-David-Naim M, Nadav M, Hirsch S, Mitesser V, Salpeter SJ, Dzikowski R, Hayouka Z, Gershoni JM, Fridlender ZG, Granot Z. Targeted nanoparticles modify neutrophil function in vivo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1003871. [PMID: 36275643 PMCID: PMC9580275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play critical roles in a broad spectrum of clinical conditions. Accordingly, manipulation of neutrophil function may provide a powerful immunotherapeutic approach. However, due to neutrophils characteristic short half-life and their large population number, this possibility was considered impractical. Here we describe the identification of peptides which specifically bind either murine or human neutrophils. Although the murine and human neutrophil-specific peptides are not cross-reactive, we identified CD177 as the neutrophil-expressed binding partner in both species. Decorating nanoparticles with a neutrophil-specific peptide confers neutrophil specificity and these neutrophil-specific nanoparticles accumulate in sites of inflammation. Significantly, we demonstrate that encapsulating neutrophil modifying small molecules within these nanoparticles yields specific modulation of neutrophil function (ROS production, degranulation, polarization), intracellular signaling and longevity both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that neutrophil specific targeting may serve as a novel mode of immunotherapy in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Völs
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naomi Kaisar-Iluz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Merav E. Shaul
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arik Ryvkin
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Ashkenazy
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avishag Yehuda
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronza Atamneh
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adina Heinberg
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Vera Mitesser
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Ron Dzikowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan M. Gershoni
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi G. Fridlender
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Zvi G. Fridlender, ; Zvi Granot,
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Zvi G. Fridlender, ; Zvi Granot,
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4
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Lee WTC, Gupta D, Rothenberg E. Single-molecule imaging of replication fork conflicts at genomic DNA G4 structures in human cells. Methods Enzymol 2021; 661:77-94. [PMID: 34776224 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) are stable, non-canonical DNA secondary structures formed within guanine(G)-rich sequences. While extensively studied in vitro, evidence of the occurrence of G4s in vivo has only recently emerged. The formation of G4 structures may pose an obstacle for diverse DNA transactions including replication, which is linked to mutagenesis and genomic instability. A fundamental question in the field has been whether and how the formation of G4s is coupled to the progression of replication forks. This process has remained undefined largely due to the lack of experimental approaches capable of monitoring the presence of G4s and their association with the replication machinery in cells. Here, we describe a detailed multicolor single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) protocol for detecting nanoscale spatial-association of DNA G4s with the cellular replisome complex. This method offers a unique platform for visualizing the mechanisms of G4 formation at the molecular level, as well as addressing key biological questions as to the functional roles of these structures in the maintenance of genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ting C Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Dipika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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5
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Single-molecule imaging reveals replication fork coupled formation of G-quadruplex structures hinders local replication stress signaling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2525. [PMID: 33953191 PMCID: PMC8099879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine-rich DNA sequences occur throughout the human genome and can transiently form G-quadruplex (G4) structures that may obstruct DNA replication, leading to genomic instability. Here, we apply multi-color single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) coupled with robust data-mining algorithms to quantitatively visualize replication fork (RF)-coupled formation and spatial-association of endogenous G4s. Using this data, we investigate the effects of G4s on replisome dynamics and organization. We show that a small fraction of active replication forks spontaneously form G4s at newly unwound DNA immediately behind the MCM helicase and before nascent DNA synthesis. These G4s locally perturb replisome dynamics and organization by reducing DNA synthesis and limiting the binding of the single-strand DNA-binding protein RPA. We find that the resolution of RF-coupled G4s is mediated by an interplay between RPA and the FANCJ helicase. FANCJ deficiency leads to G4 accumulation, DNA damage at G4-associated replication forks, and silencing of the RPA-mediated replication stress response. Our study provides first-hand evidence of the intrinsic, RF-coupled formation of G4 structures, offering unique mechanistic insights into the interference and regulation of stable G4s at replication forks and their effect on RPA-associated fork signaling and genomic instability.
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6
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Miriklis EL, Rozario AM, Rothenberg E, Bell TDM, Whelan DR. Understanding DNA organization, damage, and repair with super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2021; 9. [PMID: 33765677 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/abf239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) comprises a suite of techniques well-suited to probing the nanoscale landscape of genomic function and dysfunction. Offering the specificity and sensitivity that has made conventional fluorescence microscopy a cornerstone technique of biological research, SRM allows for spatial resolutions as good as 10 nanometers. Moreover, single molecule localization microscopies (SMLMs) enable examination of individual molecular targets and nanofoci allowing for the characterization of subpopulations within a single cell. This review describes how key advances in both SRM techniques and sample preparation have enabled unprecedented insights into DNA structure and function, and highlights many of these new discoveries. Ongoing development and application of these novel, highly interdisciplinary SRM assays will continue to expand the toolbox available for research into the nanoscale genomic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Toby D M Bell
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Donna R Whelan
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
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7
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De Smet MA, Lissoni A, Nezlobinsky T, Wang N, Dries E, Pérez-Hernández M, Lin X, Amoni M, Vervliet T, Witschas K, Rothenberg E, Bultynck G, Schulz R, Panfilov AV, Delmar M, Sipido KR, Leybaert L. Cx43 hemichannel microdomain signaling at the intercalated disc enhances cardiac excitability. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137752. [PMID: 33621213 DOI: 10.1172/jci137752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cx43, a major cardiac connexin, forms precursor hemichannels that accrue at the intercalated disc to assemble as gap junctions. While gap junctions are crucial for electrical conduction in the heart, little is known about the potential roles of hemichannels. Recent evidence suggests that inhibiting Cx43 hemichannel opening with Gap19 has antiarrhythmic effects. Here, we used multiple electrophysiology, imaging, and super-resolution techniques to understand and define the conditions underlying Cx43 hemichannel activation in ventricular cardiomyocytes, their contribution to diastolic Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and their impact on electrical stability. We showed that Cx43 hemichannels were activated during diastolic Ca2+ release in single ventricular cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocyte cell pairs from mice and pigs. This activation involved Cx43 hemichannel Ca2+ entry and coupling to Ca2+ release microdomains at the intercalated disc, resulting in enhanced Ca2+ dynamics. Hemichannel opening furthermore contributed to delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered action potentials. In single cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocyte cell pairs, and arterially perfused tissue wedges from failing human hearts, increased hemichannel activity contributed to electrical instability compared with nonfailing rejected donor hearts. We conclude that microdomain coupling between Cx43 hemichannels and Ca2+ release is a potentially novel, targetable mechanism of cardiac arrhythmogenesis in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Aj De Smet
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Alessio Lissoni
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Timur Nezlobinsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Computational Biology and Medicine, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Nan Wang
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eef Dries
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta Pérez-Hernández
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xianming Lin
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Amoni
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katja Witschas
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander V Panfilov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Computational Biology and Medicine, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.,Arrhythmia Department, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mario Delmar
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Super-resolution mapping of cellular double-strand break resection complexes during homologous recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021963118. [PMID: 33707212 PMCID: PMC7980414 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021963118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a major pathway for repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The initial step that drives the HR process is resection of DNA at the DSB, during which a multitude of nucleases, mediators, and signaling proteins accumulates at the damage foci in a manner that remains elusive. Using single-molecule localization super-resolution (SR) imaging assays, we specifically visualize the spatiotemporal behavior of key mediator and nuclease proteins as they resect DNA at single-ended double-strand breaks (seDSBs) formed at collapsed replication forks. By characterizing these associations, we reveal the in vivo dynamics of resection complexes involved in generating the long single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) overhang prior to homology search. We show that 53BP1, a protein known to antagonize HR, is recruited to seDSB foci during early resection but is spatially separated from repair activities. Contemporaneously, CtBP-interacting protein (CtIP) and MRN (MRE11-RAD51-NBS1) associate with seDSBs, interacting with each other and BRCA1. The HR nucleases EXO1 and DNA2 are also recruited and colocalize with each other and with the repair helicase Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), demonstrating multiple simultaneous resection events. Quantification of replication protein A (RPA) accumulation and ssDNA generation shows that resection is completed 2 to 4 h after break induction. However, both BRCA1 and BLM persist later into HR, demonstrating potential roles in homology search and repair resolution. Furthermore, we show that initial recruitment of BRCA1 and removal of Ku are largely independent of MRE11 exonuclease activity but dependent on MRE11 endonuclease activity. Combined, our observations provide a detailed description of resection during HR repair.
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9
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Pérez-Hernández M, Leo-Macias A, Keegan S, Jouni M, Kim JC, Agullo-Pascual E, Vermij S, Zhang M, Liang FX, Burridge P, Fenyö D, Rothenberg E, Delmar M. Structural and Functional Characterization of a Na v1.5-Mitochondrial Couplon. Circ Res 2021; 128:419-432. [PMID: 33342222 PMCID: PMC7864872 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 has a fundamental role in excitability and conduction. Previous studies have shown that sodium channels cluster together in specific cellular subdomains. Their association with intracellular organelles in defined regions of the myocytes, and the functional consequences of that association, remain to be defined. OBJECTIVE To characterize a subcellular domain formed by sodium channel clusters in the crest region of the myocytes and the subjacent subsarcolemmal mitochondria. METHODS AND RESULTS Through a combination of imaging approaches including super-resolution microscopy and electron microscopy we identified, in adult cardiac myocytes, a NaV1.5 subpopulation in close proximity to subjacent subsarcolemmal mitochondria; we further found that subjacent subsarcolemmal mitochondria preferentially host the mitochondrial NCLX (Na+/Ca2+ exchanger). This anatomic proximity led us to investigate functional changes in mitochondria resulting from sodium channel activity. Upon TTX (tetrodotoxin) exposure, mitochondria near NaV1.5 channels accumulated more Ca2+ and showed increased reactive oxygen species production when compared with interfibrillar mitochondria. Finally, crosstalk between NaV1.5 channels and mitochondria was analyzed at a transcriptional level. We found that SCN5A (encoding NaV1.5) and SLC8B1 (which encode NaV1.5 and NCLX, respectively) are negatively correlated both in a human transcriptome data set (Genotype-Tissue Expression) and in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes deficient in SCN5A. CONCLUSIONS We describe an anatomic hub (a couplon) formed by sodium channel clusters and subjacent subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Preferential localization of NCLX to this domain allows for functional coupling where the extrusion of Ca2+ from the mitochondria is powered, at least in part, by the entry of sodium through NaV1.5 channels. These results provide a novel entry-point into a mechanistic understanding of the intersection between electrical and structural functions of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Leo-Macias
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Sarah Keegan
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology. NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Mariam Jouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Chicago, IL
| | - Joon-Chul Kim
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | | | - Sarah Vermij
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- Microscopy laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies. NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Paul Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Chicago, IL
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology. NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology. NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Mario Delmar
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
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10
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Super-Resolution Imaging of Homologous Recombination Repair at Collapsed Replication Forks. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2153:355-363. [PMID: 32840791 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0644-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule super-resolution microscopy (SRM) combines single-molecule detection with spatial resolutions tenfold improved over conventional confocal microscopy. These two key advantages make it possible to visualize individual DNA replication and damage events within the cellular context of fixed cells. This in turn engenders the ability to decipher variations between individual replicative and damage species within a single nucleus, elucidating different subpopulations of stress and repair events. Here, we describe the protocol for combining SRM with novel labeling and damage assays to characterize DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction at stressed replication forks (RFs) and subsequent repair by homologous recombination (HR). These assays enable spatiotemporal mapping of DNA damage response and repair proteins to establish their in vivo function and interactions, as well as detailed characterization of specific dysfunctions in HR caused by drugs or mutations of interest.
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11
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Whelan DR, Lee WTC, Marks F, Kong YT, Yin Y, Rothenberg E. Super-resolution visualization of distinct stalled and broken replication fork structures. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009256. [PMID: 33370257 PMCID: PMC7793303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous genotoxic stress occurs in healthy cells due to competition between DNA replication machinery, and transcription and topographic relaxation processes. This causes replication fork stalling and regression, which can further collapse to form single-ended double strand breaks (seDSBs). Super-resolution microscopy has made it possible to directly observe replication stress and DNA damage inside cells, however new approaches to sample preparation and analysis are required. Here we develop and apply multicolor single molecule microscopy to visualize individual replication forks under mild stress from the trapping of Topoisomerase I cleavage complexes, a damage induction which closely mimics endogenous replicative stress. We observe RAD51 and RAD52, alongside RECQ1, as the first responder proteins to stalled but unbroken forks, whereas Ku and MRE11 are initially recruited to seDSBs. By implementing novel super-resolution imaging assays, we are thus able to discern closely related replication fork stress motifs and their repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna R. Whelan
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (DRW); (ER)
| | - Wei Ting C. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Frances Marks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yu Tina Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yandong Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DRW); (ER)
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12
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The molecular basis and disease relevance of non-homologous DNA end joining. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:765-781. [PMID: 33077885 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) is the predominant repair mechanism of any type of DNA double-strand break (DSB) during most of the cell cycle and is essential for the development of antigen receptors. Defects in NHEJ result in sensitivity to ionizing radiation and loss of lymphocytes. The most critical step of NHEJ is synapsis, or the juxtaposition of the two DNA ends of a DSB, because all subsequent steps rely on it. Recent findings show that, like the end processing step, synapsis can be achieved through several mechanisms. In this Review, we first discuss repair pathway choice between NHEJ and other DSB repair pathways. We then integrate recent insights into the mechanisms of NHEJ synapsis with updates on other steps of NHEJ, such as DNA end processing and ligation. Finally, we discuss NHEJ-related human diseases, including inherited disorders and neoplasia, which arise from rare failures at different NHEJ steps.
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13
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Pálinkás HL, Békési A, Róna G, Pongor L, Papp G, Tihanyi G, Holub E, Póti Á, Gemma C, Ali S, Morten MJ, Rothenberg E, Pagano M, Szűts D, Győrffy B, Vértessy BG. Genome-wide alterations of uracil distribution patterns in human DNA upon chemotherapeutic treatments. eLife 2020; 9:e60498. [PMID: 32956035 PMCID: PMC7505663 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous anti-cancer drugs perturb thymidylate biosynthesis and lead to genomic uracil incorporation contributing to their antiproliferative effect. Still, it is not yet characterized if uracil incorporations have any positional preference. Here, we aimed to uncover genome-wide alterations in uracil pattern upon drug treatments in human cancer cell line models derived from HCT116. We developed a straightforward U-DNA sequencing method (U-DNA-Seq) that was combined with in situ super-resolution imaging. Using a novel robust analysis pipeline, we found broad regions with elevated probability of uracil occurrence both in treated and non-treated cells. Correlation with chromatin markers and other genomic features shows that non-treated cells possess uracil in the late replicating constitutive heterochromatic regions, while drug treatment induced a shift of incorporated uracil towards segments that are normally more active/functional. Data were corroborated by colocalization studies via dSTORM microscopy. This approach can be applied to study the dynamic spatio-temporal nature of genomic uracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka L Pálinkás
- Genome Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Angéla Békési
- Genome Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
| | - Gergely Róna
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lőrinc Pongor
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Gábor Papp
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
| | - Gergely Tihanyi
- Genome Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
| | - Eszter Holub
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
| | - Ádám Póti
- Genome Stability Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Carolina Gemma
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael J Morten
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Dávid Szűts
- Genome Stability Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Genome Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
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14
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Konopka A, Whelan DR, Jamali MS, Perri E, Shahheydari H, Toth RP, Parakh S, Robinson T, Cheong A, Mehta P, Vidal M, Ragagnin AMG, Khizhnyak I, Jagaraj CJ, Galper J, Grima N, Deva A, Shadfar S, Nicholson GA, Yang S, Cutts SM, Horejsi Z, Bell TDM, Walker AK, Blair IP, Atkin JD. Impaired NHEJ repair in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is associated with TDP-43 mutations. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:51. [PMID: 32907630 PMCID: PMC7488163 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathological forms of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are present in motor neurons of almost all amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, and mutations in TDP-43 are also present in ALS. Loss and gain of TDP-43 functions are implicated in pathogenesis, but the mechanisms are unclear. While the RNA functions of TDP-43 have been widely investigated, its DNA binding roles remain unclear. However, recent studies have implicated a role for TDP-43 in the DNA damage response. Methods We used NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells and primary cortical neurons expressing wildtype TDP-43 or TDP-43 ALS associated mutants (A315T, Q331K), in which DNA damage was induced by etoposide or H2O2 treatment. We investigated the consequences of depletion of TDP-43 on DNA repair using small interfering RNAs. Specific non homologous end joining (NHEJ) reporters (EJ5GFP and EJ2GFP) and cells lacking DNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK) were used to investigate the role of TDP-43 in DNA repair. To investigate the recruitment of TDP-43 to sites of DNA damage we used single molecule super-resolution microscopy and a co-immunoprecipitation assay. We also investigated DNA damage in an ALS transgenic mouse model, in which TDP-43 accumulates pathologically in the cytoplasm. We also examined fibroblasts derived from ALS patients bearing the TDP-43 M337V mutation for evidence of DNA damage. Results We demonstrate that wildtype TDP-43 is recruited to sites of DNA damage where it participates in classical NHEJ DNA repair. However, ALS-associated TDP-43 mutants lose this activity, which induces DNA damage. Furthermore, DNA damage is present in mice displaying TDP-43 pathology, implying an active role in neurodegeneration. Additionally, DNA damage triggers features typical of TDP-43 pathology; cytoplasmic mis-localisation and stress granule formation. Similarly, inhibition of NHEJ induces TDP-43 mis-localisation to the cytoplasm. Conclusions This study reveals that TDP-43 functions in DNA repair, but loss of this function triggers DNA damage and is associated with key pathological features of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konopka
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Donna R Whelan
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Md Shafi Jamali
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Emma Perri
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Hamideh Shahheydari
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Reka P Toth
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sonam Parakh
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Tina Robinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Alison Cheong
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Prachi Mehta
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Marta Vidal
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Audrey M G Ragagnin
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ivan Khizhnyak
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Cyril J Jagaraj
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jasmin Galper
- Brain and Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Grima
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Anand Deva
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Macquarie University, and The Integrated Specialist Healthcare Education and Research Foundation, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shu Yang
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Cutts
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Zuzana Horejsi
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Toby D M Bell
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road NSW, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Franch N, Canals J, Moro V, Vilá A, Romano-Rodríguez A, Prades JD, Gülink J, Bezshlyakh D, Waag A, Kluczyk-Korch K, Auf der Maur M, di Carlo A, Diéguez Á. Nano illumination microscopy: a technique based on scanning with an array of individually addressable nanoLEDs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:19044-19057. [PMID: 32672190 DOI: 10.1364/oe.391497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In lensless microscopy, spatial resolution is usually provided by the pixel density of current digital cameras, which are reaching a hard-to-surpass pixel size / resolution limit over 1 µm. As an alternative, the dependence of the resolving power can be moved from the detector to the light sources, offering a new kind of lensless microscopy setups. The use of continuously scaled-down Light-Emitting Diode (LED) arrays to scan the sample allows resolutions on order of the LED size, giving rise to compact and low-cost microscopes without mechanical scanners or optical accessories. In this paper, we present the operation principle of this new approach to lensless microscopy, with simulations that demonstrate the possibility to use it for super-resolution, as well as a first prototype. This proof-of-concept setup integrates an 8 × 8 array of LEDs, each 5 × 5 μm2 pixel size and 10 μm pitch, and an optical detector. We characterize the system using Electron-Beam Lithography (EBL) pattern. Our prototype validates the imaging principle and opens the way to improve resolution by further miniaturizing the light sources.
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16
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Vermij SH, Rougier JS, Agulló-Pascual E, Rothenberg E, Delmar M, Abriel H. Single-Molecule Localization of the Cardiac Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Reveals Different Modes of Reorganization at Cardiomyocyte Membrane Domains. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 13:e008241. [PMID: 32536203 PMCID: PMC7368852 DOI: 10.1161/circep.119.008241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the gene encoding the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5 cause various cardiac arrhythmias. This variety may arise from different determinants of Nav1.5 expression between cardiomyocyte domains. At the lateral membrane and T-tubules, Nav1.5 localization and function remain insufficiently characterized. METHODS We used novel single-molecule localization microscopy and computational modeling to define nanoscale features of Nav1.5 localization and distribution at the lateral membrane, the lateral membrane groove, and T-tubules in cardiomyocytes from wild-type (N=3), dystrophin-deficient (mdx; N=3) mice, and mice expressing C-terminally truncated Nav1.5 (ΔSIV; N=3). We moreover assessed T-tubules sodium current by recording whole-cell sodium currents in control (N=5) and detubulated (N=5) wild-type cardiomyocytes. RESULTS We show that Nav1.5 organizes as distinct clusters in the groove and T-tubules which density, distribution, and organization partially depend on SIV and dystrophin. We found that overall reduction in Nav1.5 expression in mdx and ΔSIV cells results in a nonuniform redistribution with Nav1.5 being specifically reduced at the groove of ΔSIV and increased in T-tubules of mdx cardiomyocytes. A T-tubules sodium current could, however, not be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Nav1.5 mutations may site-specifically affect Nav1.5 localization and distribution at the lateral membrane and T-tubules, depending on site-specific interacting proteins. Future research efforts should elucidate the functional consequences of this redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Vermij
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland (S.H.V., J.-S.R., H.A.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Rougier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland (S.H.V., J.-S.R., H.A.)
| | | | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology (E.R.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Mario Delmar
- Department of Cardiology (M.D.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Hugues Abriel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland (S.H.V., J.-S.R., H.A.)
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17
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D'Alessandro G, Whelan DR, Howard SM, Vitelli V, Renaudin X, Adamowicz M, Iannelli F, Jones-Weinert CW, Lee M, Matti V, Lee WTC, Morten MJ, Venkitaraman AR, Cejka P, Rothenberg E, d'Adda di Fagagna F. BRCA2 controls DNA:RNA hybrid level at DSBs by mediating RNase H2 recruitment. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5376. [PMID: 30560944 PMCID: PMC6299093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are toxic DNA lesions, which, if not properly repaired, may lead to genomic instability, cell death and senescence. Damage-induced long non-coding RNAs (dilncRNAs) are transcribed from broken DNA ends and contribute to DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. Here we show that dilncRNAs play a role in DSB repair by homologous recombination (HR) by contributing to the recruitment of the HR proteins BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51, without affecting DNA-end resection. In S/G2-phase cells, dilncRNAs pair to the resected DNA ends and form DNA:RNA hybrids, which are recognized by BRCA1. We also show that BRCA2 directly interacts with RNase H2, mediates its localization to DSBs in the S/G2 cell-cycle phase, and controls DNA:RNA hybrid levels at DSBs. These results demonstrate that regulated DNA:RNA hybrid levels at DSBs contribute to HR-mediated repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donna Rose Whelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sean Michael Howard
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Vela 6, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Vitelli
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Xavier Renaudin
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Marek Adamowicz
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Fabio Iannelli
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | | | - MiYoung Lee
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Valentina Matti
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Wei Ting C Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Michael John Morten
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Petr Cejka
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Vela 6, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy.
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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18
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Whelan DR, Lee WTC, Yin Y, Ofri DM, Bermudez-Hernandez K, Keegan S, Fenyo D, Rothenberg E. Spatiotemporal dynamics of homologous recombination repair at single collapsed replication forks. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3882. [PMID: 30250272 PMCID: PMC6155164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a crucial pathway for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. BRCA1/2 breast cancer proteins are key players in HR via their mediation of RAD51 nucleofilament formation and function; however, their individual roles and crosstalk in vivo are unknown. Here we use super-resolution (SR) imaging to map the spatiotemporal kinetics of HR proteins, revealing the interdependent relationships that govern the dynamic interplay and progression of repair events. We show that initial single-stranded DNA/RAD51 nucleofilament formation is mediated by RAD52 or, in the absence of RAD52, by BRCA2. In contrast, only BRCA2 can orchestrate later RAD51 recombinase activity during homology search and resolution. Furthermore, we establish that upstream BRCA1 activity is critical for BRCA2 function. Our analyses reveal the underlying epistatic landscape of RAD51 functional dependence on RAD52, BRCA1, and BRCA2 during HR and explain the phenotypic similarity of diseases associated with mutations in these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna R Whelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Ting C Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Yandong Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Dylan M Ofri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Keria Bermudez-Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sarah Keegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - David Fenyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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19
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A dynamic three-step mechanism drives the HIV-1 pre-fusion reaction. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:814-822. [PMID: 30150645 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the intermolecular dynamics and stoichiometry of the interactions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) protein with its receptors and co-receptors on the host cell surface. Here we analyze time-resolved HIV-1 Env interactions with T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 (CD4) and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) or C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) on the surface of cells, by combining multicolor super-resolution localization microscopy (direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy) with fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy imaging. Utilizing the primary isolate JR-FL and laboratory HXB2 strains, we reveal the time-resolved stoichiometry of CD4 and CCR5 or CXCR4 in the pre-fusion complex with HIV-1 Env. The HIV-1 Env pre-fusion dynamics for both R5- and X4-tropic strains consists of a three-step mechanism, which seems to differ in stoichiometry. Analyses with the monoclonal HIV-1-neutralizing antibody b12 indicate that the mechanism of inhibition differs between JR-FL and HXB2 Env. The molecular insights obtained here identify assemblies of HIV-1 Env with receptors and co-receptors as potential novel targets for inhibitor design.
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20
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Sampayo RG, Toscani AM, Rubashkin MG, Thi K, Masullo LA, Violi IL, Lakins JN, Cáceres A, Hines WC, Coluccio Leskow F, Stefani FD, Chialvo DR, Bissell MJ, Weaver VM, Simian M. Fibronectin rescues estrogen receptor α from lysosomal degradation in breast cancer cells. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2777-2798. [PMID: 29980625 PMCID: PMC6080927 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201703037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is expressed in tissues as diverse as brains and mammary glands. In breast cancer, ERα is a key regulator of tumor progression. Therefore, understanding what activates ERα is critical for cancer treatment in particular and cell biology in general. Using biochemical approaches and superresolution microscopy, we show that estrogen drives membrane ERα into endosomes in breast cancer cells and that its fate is determined by the presence of fibronectin (FN) in the extracellular matrix; it is trafficked to lysosomes in the absence of FN and avoids the lysosomal compartment in its presence. In this context, FN prolongs ERα half-life and strengthens its transcriptional activity. We show that ERα is associated with β1-integrin at the membrane, and this integrin follows the same endocytosis and subcellular trafficking pathway triggered by estrogen. Moreover, ERα+ vesicles are present within human breast tissues, and colocalization with β1-integrin is detected primarily in tumors. Our work unravels a key, clinically relevant mechanism of microenvironmental regulation of ERα signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío G Sampayo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área Investigación, Buenos Aires, Argentina .,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Campus Miguelete, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Toscani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN UBA-CONICET y Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthew G Rubashkin
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kate Thi
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Luciano A Masullo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ianina L Violi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathon N Lakins
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alfredo Cáceres
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - William C Hines
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Federico Coluccio Leskow
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN UBA-CONICET y Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando D Stefani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dante R Chialvo
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marina Simian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área Investigación, Buenos Aires, Argentina .,Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Campus Miguelete, San Martín, Argentina
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21
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Fastman Y, Assaraf S, Rose M, Milrot E, Basore K, Arasu BS, Desai SA, Elbaum M, Dzikowski R. An upstream open reading frame (uORF) signals for cellular localization of the virulence factor implicated in pregnancy associated malaria. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:4919-4932. [PMID: 29554358 PMCID: PMC6007598 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of the deadliest form of human malaria, alternates expression of variable antigens, encoded by members of a multi-copy gene family named var. In var2csa, the var gene implicated in pregnancy-associated malaria, translational repression is regulated by a unique upstream open reading frame (uORF) found only in its 5' UTR. Here, we report that this translated uORF significantly alters both transcription and posttranslational protein trafficking. The parasite can alter a protein's destination without any modifications to the protein itself, but instead by an element within the 5' UTR of the transcript. This uORF-dependent localization was confirmed by single molecule STORM imaging, followed by fusion of the uORF to a reporter gene which changes its cellular localization from cytoplasmic to ER-associated. These data point towards a novel regulatory role of uORF in protein trafficking, with important implications for the pathology of pregnancy-associated malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Fastman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Shany Assaraf
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Miriam Rose
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Elad Milrot
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Katherine Basore
- The Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - B Sivanandam Arasu
- The Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay A Desai
- The Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael Elbaum
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ron Dzikowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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22
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Szalai AM, Armando NG, Barabas FM, Stefani FD, Giordano L, Bari SE, Cavasotto CN, Silberstein S, Aramendía PF. A fluorescence nanoscopy marker for corticotropin-releasing hormone type 1 receptor: computer design, synthesis, signaling effects, super-resolved fluorescence imaging, and in situ affinity constant in cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29212-29220. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06196c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new fluorescent marker for CRHR1 shows an antagonist effect and suitability for super resolution fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. Szalai
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
| | - Natalia G. Armando
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)
- CONICET
- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Federico M. Barabas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Física
| | - Fernando D. Stefani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Física
| | - Luciana Giordano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
| | - Sara E. Bari
- Instituto de Química Física de Materiales
- Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE) CONICET-UBA
- Pabellón 2. Ciudad Universitaria
- 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Claudio N. Cavasotto
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)
- CONICET
- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Susana Silberstein
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)
- CONICET
- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Pedro F. Aramendía
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
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