1
|
Abstract
Nearly 20 y ago, Jared Diamond and Peter Bellwood reviewed the evidence for the associated spread of farming and large language families by the demographic expansions of farmers. Since then, advances in obtaining and analyzing genomic data from modern and ancient populations have transformed our knowledge of human dispersals during the Holocene. Here, we provide an overview of Holocene dispersals in the light of genomic evidence and conclude that they have a complex history. Even when there is a demonstrated connection between a demographic expansion of people, the spread of agriculture, and the spread of a particular language family, the outcome in the results of contact between expanding and resident groups is highly variable. Further research is needed to identify the factors and social circumstances that have influenced this variation and complex history.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kinship practices in the early state El Argar society from Bronze Age Iberia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22415. [PMID: 36575206 PMCID: PMC9794729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Early Bronze Age in Europe is characterized by social and genetic transformations, starting in the early 3rd millennium BCE. New settlement and funerary structures, artifacts and techniques indicate times of change with increasing economic asymmetries and political hierarchization. Technological advances in metallurgy also played an important role, facilitating trade and exchange networks, which became tangible in higher levels of mobility and connectedness. Archeogenetic studies have revealed a substantial transformation of the genetic ancestry around this time, ultimately linked to the expansion of steppe- and forest steppe pastoralists from Eastern Europe. Evidence for emerging infectious diseases such as Yersinia pestis adds further complexity to these tumultuous and transformative times. The El Argar complex in southern Iberia marks the genetic turnover in southwestern Europe ~ 2200 BCE that accompanies profound changes in the socio-economic structure of the region. To answer the question of who was buried in the emblematic double burials of the El Argar site La Almoloya, we integrated results from biological relatedness analyses and archaeological funerary contexts and refined radiocarbon-based chronologies from 68 individuals. We find that the El Argar society was virilocally and patrilineally organized and practiced reciprocal female exogamy, supported by pedigrees that extend up to five generations along the paternal line. Synchronously dated adult males and females from double tombs were found to be unrelated mating partners, whereby the incoming females reflect socio-political alliances among El Argar groups. In three cases these unions had common offspring, while paternal half-siblings also indicate serial monogamy or polygyny.
Collapse
|
3
|
Arzelier A, Rivollat M, De Belvalet H, Pemonge MH, Binder D, Convertini F, Duday H, Gandelin M, Guilaine J, Haak W, Deguilloux MF, Pruvost M. Neolithic genomic data from southern France showcase intensified interactions with hunter-gatherer communities. iScience 2022; 25:105387. [PMID: 36405775 PMCID: PMC9667241 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeological research shows that the dispersal of the Neolithic took a more complex turn when reaching western Europe, painting a contrasted picture of interactions between autochthonous hunter-gatherers (HGs) and incoming farmers. In order to clarify the mode, the intensity, and the regional variability of biological exchanges implied in these processes, we report new palaeogenomic data from Occitanie, a key region in Southern France. Genomic data from 28 individuals originating from six sites spanning from c. 5,500 to c. 2,500 BCE allow us to characterize regional patterns of ancestries throughout the Neolithic period. Results highlight major differences between the Mediterranean and Continental Neolithic expansion routes regarding both migration and interaction processes. High proportions of HG ancestry in both Early and Late Neolithic groups in Southern France support multiple pulses of inter-group gene flow throughout time and space and confirm the need for regional studies to address the complexity of the processes involved. Genome-wide data from 28 individuals from Southern France (∼5,500–∼2,500 BCE) Small groups associated with the Neolithic expansion along the Mediterranean Early admixture between hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers in Southern France Multiple pulses of HG legacy introgression in Western Europe throughout Neolithic
Collapse
|
4
|
Alt KW, Al-Ahmad A, Woelber JP. Nutrition and Health in Human Evolution–Past to Present. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173594. [PMID: 36079850 PMCID: PMC9460423 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anyone who wants to understand the biological nature of humans and their special characteristics must look far back into evolutionary history. Today’s way of life is drastically different from that of our ancestors. For almost 99% of human history, gathering and hunting have been the basis of nutrition. It was not until about 12,000 years ago that humans began domesticating plants and animals. Bioarchaeologically and biochemically, this can be traced back to our earliest roots. Modern living conditions and the quality of human life are better today than ever before. However, neither physically nor psychosocially have we made this adjustment and we are paying a high health price for it. The studies presented allow us to reconstruct food supply, lifestyles, and dietary habits: from the earliest primates, through hunter-gatherers of the Paleolithic, farming communities since the beginning of the Anthropocene, to the Industrial Age and the present. The comprehensive data pool allows extraction of all findings of medical relevance. Our recent lifestyle and diet are essentially determined by our culture rather than by our millions of years of ancestry. Culture is permanently in a dominant position compared to natural evolution. Thereby culture does not form a contrast to nature but represents its result. There is no doubt that we are biologically adapted to culture, but it is questionable how much culture humans can cope with.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt W. Alt
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 71906 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johan Peter Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 71906 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prider: multiplexed primer design using linearly scaling approximation of set coverage. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:174. [PMID: 35549665 PMCID: PMC9097127 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Designing oligonucleotide primers and probes is one of the key steps of various laboratory experiments such as multiplexed PCR or digital multiplexed ligation assays. When designing multiplexed primers and probes to complex, heterogeneous DNA data sets, an optimization problem can arise where the smallest number of oligonucleotides covering the largest diversity of the input dataset needs to be identified. Tools that provide this optimization in an efficient manner for large input data are currently lacking. Results Here we present Prider, an R package for designing primers and probes with a nearly optimal coverage for complex and large sequence sets. Prider initially prepares a full primer coverage of the input sequences, the complexity of which is subsequently reduced by removing components of high redundancy or narrow coverage. The primers from the resulting near-optimal coverage are easily accessible as data frames and their coverage across the input sequences can be visualised as heatmaps using Prider’s plotting function. Prider permits efficient design of primers to large DNA datasets by scaling linearly to increasing sequence data, regardless of the diversity of the dataset. Conclusions Prider solves a recalcitrant problem in molecular diagnostics: how to cover a maximal sequence diversity with a minimal number of oligonucleotide primers or probes. The combination of Prider with highly scalable molecular quantification techniques will permit an unprecedented molecular screening capability with immediate applicability in fields such as clinical microbiology, epidemic virus surveillance or antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04710-1.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ancient DNA gives new insights into a Norman Neolithic monumental cemetery dedicated to male elites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120786119. [PMID: 35446690 PMCID: PMC9170172 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120786119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
By integrating genomic and archaeological data, we provide new insights into the Neolithic French monumental site of Fleury-sur-Orne in Normandy, where a group of selected individuals was buried in impressively long monuments. The earliest individuals buried at Fleury-sur-Orne match the expected western European Neolithic genetic diversity, while three individuals, designated as genetic outliers, were buried after 4,000 calibrated BCE. We hypothesize that different, unrelated families or clans used the site over several centuries. Thirteen of 14 of the analyzed individuals were male, indicating an overarching patrilineal system. However, one exception, a female buried with a symbolically male artifact, suggests that the embodiment of the male gender in death was required to access burial at the monumental structures. The Middle Neolithic in western Europe is characterized by monumental funerary structures, known as megaliths, along the Atlantic façade. The first manifestations of this phenomenon occurred in modern-day France with the long mounds of the Cerny culture. Here, we present genome-wide data from the fifth-millennium BCE site of Fleury-sur-Orne in Normandy (France), famous for its impressively long monuments built for selected individuals. The site encompasses 32 monuments of variable sizes, containing the burials of 19 individuals from the Neolithic period. To address who was buried at the site, we generated genome-wide data for 14 individuals, of whom 13 are males, completing previously published data [M. Rivollat et al., Sci. Adv. 6, eaaz5344 (2020)]. Population genetic and Y chromosome analyses show that the Fleury-sur-Orne group fits within western European Neolithic genetic diversity and that the arrival of a new group is detected after 4,000 calibrated BCE. The results of analyzing uniparentally inherited markers and an overall low number of long runs of homozygosity suggest a patrilineal group practicing female exogamy. We find two pairs of individuals to be father and son, buried together in the same monument/grave. No other biological relationship can link monuments together, suggesting that each monument was dedicated to a genetically independent lineage. The combined data and documented father–son line of descent suggest a male-mediated transmission of sociopolitical authority. However, a single female buried with an arrowhead, otherwise considered a symbol of power of the male elite of the Cerny culture, questions a strictly biological sex bias in the burial rites of this otherwise “masculine” monumental cemetery.
Collapse
|
7
|
Genomic and dietary discontinuities during the Mesolithic and Neolithic in Sicily. iScience 2022; 25:104244. [PMID: 35494246 PMCID: PMC9051636 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sicily is a key region for understanding the agricultural transition in the Mediterranean because of its central position. Here, we present genomic and stable isotopic data for 19 prehistoric Sicilians covering the Mesolithic to Bronze Age periods (10,700–4,100 yBP). We find that Early Mesolithic hunter-gatherers (HGs) from Sicily are a highly drifted lineage of the Early Holocene western European HGs, whereas Late Mesolithic HGs carry ∼20% ancestry related to northern and (south) eastern European HGs, indicating substantial gene flow. Early Neolithic farmers are genetically most similar to farmers from the Balkans and Greece, with only ∼7% of ancestry from local Mesolithic HGs. The genetic discontinuities during the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic match the changes in material culture and diet. Three outlying individuals dated to ∼8,000 yBP; however, suggest that hunter-gatherers interacted with incoming farmers at Grotta dell’Uzzo, resulting in a mixed economy and diet for a brief interlude at the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition. Genetic transition between Early Mesolithic and Late Mesolithic hunter-gatherers A near-complete genetic turnover during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition Exchange of subsistence practices between hunter-gatherers and early farmers
Collapse
|
8
|
López-Onaindia D, Schmitt A, Gibaja JF, Subirà ME. Non-metric dental analysis of human interactions around the Pyrenees during the Neolithic and their biological impact. Ann Anat 2022; 242:151895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
9
|
Villalba-Mouco V, Oliart C, Rihuete-Herrada C, Childebayeva A, Rohrlach AB, Fregeiro MI, Celdrán Beltrán E, Velasco-Felipe C, Aron F, Himmel M, Freund C, Alt KW, Salazar-García DC, García Atiénzar G, de Miguel Ibáñez MP, Hernández Pérez MS, Barciela V, Romero A, Ponce J, Martínez A, Lomba J, Soler J, Martínez AP, Avilés Fernández A, Haber-Uriarte M, Roca de Togores Muñoz C, Olalde I, Lalueza-Fox C, Reich D, Krause J, García Sanjuán L, Lull V, Micó R, Risch R, Haak W. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi7038. [PMID: 34788096 PMCID: PMC8597998 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The emerging Bronze Age (BA) of southeastern Iberia saw marked social changes. Late Copper Age (CA) settlements were abandoned in favor of hilltop sites, and collective graves were largely replaced by single or double burials with often distinctive grave goods indirectly reflecting a hierarchical social organization, as exemplified by the BA El Argar group. We explored this transition from a genomic viewpoint by tripling the amount of data available for this period. Concomitant with the rise of El Argar starting ~2200 cal BCE, we observe a complete turnover of Y-chromosome lineages along with the arrival of steppe-related ancestry. This pattern is consistent with a founder effect in male lineages, supported by our finding that males shared more relatives at sites than females. However, simple two-source models do not find support in some El Argar groups, suggesting additional genetic contributions from the Mediterranean that could predate the BA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Villalba-Mouco
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC–Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Camila Oliart
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adam B. Rohrlach
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA-5005, Australia
| | - María Inés Fregeiro
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Celdrán Beltrán
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Franziska Aron
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marie Himmel
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Caecilia Freund
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kurt W. Alt
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstr. 124, A-3500 Krems, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14-16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Domingo C. Salazar-García
- Grupo de investigación en Prehistoria IT-1223-19 (UPV-EHU)/IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria, Spain
- Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gabriel García Atiénzar
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ma. Paz de Miguel Ibáñez
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Mauro S. Hernández Pérez
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Virginia Barciela
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Juana Ponce
- Museo Arqueológico Municipal de Lorca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Lomba
- Department of Prehistory, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Azucena Avilés Fernández
- Arqueología y Diseño Web S.L. (Grupo Entorno), Floridablanca 14, 1.°D, 30800 Lorca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Iñigo Olalde
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC–Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carles Lalueza-Fox
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC–Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Vicente Lull
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Micó
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Risch
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA-5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kocher A, Papac L, Barquera R, Key FM, Spyrou MA, Hübler R, Rohrlach AB, Aron F, Stahl R, Wissgott A, van Bömmel F, Pfefferkorn M, Mittnik A, Villalba-Mouco V, Neumann GU, Rivollat M, van de Loosdrecht MS, Majander K, Tukhbatova RI, Musralina L, Ghalichi A, Penske S, Sabin S, Michel M, Gretzinger J, Nelson EA, Ferraz T, Nägele K, Parker C, Keller M, Guevara EK, Feldman M, Eisenmann S, Skourtanioti E, Giffin K, Gnecchi-Ruscone GA, Friederich S, Schimmenti V, Khartanovich V, Karapetian MK, Chaplygin MS, Kufterin VV, Khokhlov AA, Chizhevsky AA, Stashenkov DA, Kochkina AF, Tejedor-Rodríguez C, de Lagrán ÍGM, Arcusa-Magallón H, Garrido-Pena R, Royo-Guillén JI, Nováček J, Rottier S, Kacki S, Saintot S, Kaverzneva E, Belinskiy AB, Velemínský P, Limburský P, Kostka M, Loe L, Popescu E, Clarke R, Lyons A, Mortimer R, Sajantila A, de Armas YC, Hernandez Godoy ST, Hernández-Zaragoza DI, Pearson J, Binder D, Lefranc P, Kantorovich AR, Maslov VE, Lai L, Zoledziewska M, Beckett JF, Langová M, Danielisová A, Ingman T, Atiénzar GG, de Miguel Ibáñez MP, Romero A, Sperduti A, Beckett S, Salter SJ, Zilivinskaya ED, Vasil'ev DV, von Heyking K, Burger RL, Salazar LC, Amkreutz L, Navruzbekov M, Rosenstock E, Alonso-Fernández C, Slavchev V, Kalmykov AA, Atabiev BC, Batieva E, Calmet MA, Llamas B, Schultz M, Krauß R, Jiménez-Echevarría J, Francken M, Shnaider S, de Knijff P, Altena E, Van de Vijver K, Fehren-Schmitz L, Tung TA, Lösch S, Dobrovolskaya M, Makarov N, Read C, Van Twest M, Sagona C, Ramsl PC, Akar M, Yener KA, Ballestero EC, Cucca F, Mazzarello V, Utrilla P, Rademaker K, Fernández-Domínguez E, Baird D, Semal P, Márquez-Morfín L, Roksandic M, Steiner H, Salazar-García DC, Shishlina N, Erdal YS, Hallgren F, Boyadzhiev Y, Boyadzhiev K, Küßner M, Sayer D, Onkamo P, Skeates R, Rojo-Guerra M, Buzhilova A, Khussainova E, Djansugurova LB, Beisenov AZ, Samashev Z, Massy K, Mannino M, Moiseyev V, Mannermaa K, Balanovsky O, Deguilloux MF, Reinhold S, Hansen S, Kitov EP, Dobeš M, Ernée M, Meller H, Alt KW, Prüfer K, Warinner C, Schiffels S, Stockhammer PW, Bos K, Posth C, Herbig A, Haak W, Krause J, Kühnert D. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution. Science 2021; 374:182-188. [PMID: 34618559 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi5658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Kocher
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification and Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luka Papac
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix M Key
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria A Spyrou
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ron Hübler
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Adam B Rohrlach
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Franziska Aron
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Raphaela Stahl
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Wissgott
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Florian van Bömmel
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Pfefferkorn
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alissa Mittnik
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vanessa Villalba-Mouco
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gunnar U Neumann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maïté Rivollat
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA UMR 5199, Pessac, France
| | | | - Kerttu Majander
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Evolutionary Medicine (IEM), University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rezeda I Tukhbatova
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Laboratory of Structural Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Lyazzat Musralina
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Institute of Genetics and Physiology, 050060 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ayshin Ghalichi
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Penske
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanna Sabin
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Megan Michel
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joscha Gretzinger
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Nelson
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tiago Ferraz
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kathrin Nägele
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cody Parker
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Arizona State University School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Tempe Arizona, USA
| | - Marcel Keller
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelyn K Guevara
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michal Feldman
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Eisenmann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eirini Skourtanioti
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karen Giffin
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Friederich
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Valery Khartanovich
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina K Karapetian
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir V Kufterin
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey A Chizhevsky
- Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Stashenkov
- Samara Museum for Historical and Regional Studies named after P. V. Alabin, Samara, Russia
| | - Anna F Kochkina
- Samara Museum for Historical and Regional Studies named after P. V. Alabin, Samara, Russia
| | - Cristina Tejedor-Rodríguez
- Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Rafael Garrido-Pena
- Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jan Nováček
- Thuringian State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, 99423 Weimar, Germany.,University Medical School Göttingen, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Sacha Kacki
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA UMR 5199, Pessac, France.,Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham. DH1 3LE. UK
| | - Sylvie Saintot
- INRAP, ARAR UMR 5138, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology, The National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Limburský
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Louise Loe
- Oxford Archaeology South, Janus House, Osney Mead, Oxford, OX2 0ES, UK
| | | | - Rachel Clarke
- Oxford Archaeology East, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB23 8SQ, UK
| | - Alice Lyons
- Oxford Archaeology East, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB23 8SQ, UK
| | | | - Antti Sajantila
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Forensic Medicine Unit, Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Silvia Teresita Hernandez Godoy
- Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo, Dirección Provincial de Cultura, Matanzas, Cuba.,Universidad de Matanzas, Matanzas, Cuba
| | - Diana I Hernández-Zaragoza
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico.,Immunogenetics Unit, Técnicas Genéticas Aplicadas a la Clínica (TGAC), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessica Pearson
- Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7WZ, UK
| | - Didier Binder
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CEPAM UMR 7264, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Lefranc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Archimède UMR 7044, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anatoly R Kantorovich
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir E Maslov
- Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, , Moscow 117292, Russia
| | - Luca Lai
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Michaela Langová
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Danielisová
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tara Ingman
- Koç University, Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations, Istanbul 34433, Turkey
| | - Gabriel García Atiénzar
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Paz de Miguel Ibáñez
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain.,Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alessandra Sperduti
- Bioarchaeology Service, Museum of Civilizations, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento Asia Africa e Mediterraneo, Università di Napoli L'Orientale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sophie Beckett
- Sedgeford Historical and Archaeological Research Project, Old Village Hall, Sedgeford, Hunstanton PE36 5LS, UK.,Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia.,Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Susannah J Salter
- Sedgeford Historical and Archaeological Research Project, Old Village Hall, Sedgeford, Hunstanton PE36 5LS, UK.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Emma D Zilivinskaya
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kristin von Heyking
- SNSB, State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Richard L Burger
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lucy C Salazar
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Luc Amkreutz
- National Museum of Antiquities, 2301 EC Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Eva Rosenstock
- Freie Universität Berlin, Einstein Center Chronoi, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Biaslan Ch Atabiev
- Institute for Caucasus Archaeology, 361401 Nalchik, Republic Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia
| | - Elena Batieva
- Azov History, Archaeology and Palaeontology Museum-Reserve, Azov 346780, Russia
| | | | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Michael Schultz
- University Medical School Göttingen, Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Biology, University of Hildeshein, Germany
| | - Raiko Krauß
- Institute for Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Archaeology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Francken
- State Office for Cultural Heritage Baden-Württemberg, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Svetlana Shnaider
- ArchaeoZoology in Siberia and Central Asia-ZooSCAn, CNRS-IAET SB RAS International Research Laboratory, IRL 2013, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Peter de Knijff
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, Netherlands
| | - Eveline Altena
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, Netherlands
| | - Katrien Van de Vijver
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Archaeological Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium.,Dienst Archeologie-Stad Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Lars Fehren-Schmitz
- UCSC Paleogenomics Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Tiffiny A Tung
- Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Sandra Lösch
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Dobrovolskaya
- Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, , Moscow 117292, Russia
| | - Nikolaj Makarov
- Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, , Moscow 117292, Russia
| | - Chris Read
- Applied Archaeology School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ireland
| | - Melanie Van Twest
- Sedgeford Historical and Archaeological Research Project, Old Village Hall, Sedgeford, Hunstanton PE36 5LS, UK
| | - Claudia Sagona
- School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter C Ramsl
- Institute of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Murat Akar
- Department of Archaeology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Alahan-Antakya, Hatay 31060, Turkey
| | - K Aslihan Yener
- Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW), New York University, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Eduardo Carmona Ballestero
- Territorial Service of Culture and Tourism from Valladolid, Castilla y León Regional Government, C/ San Lorenzo, 5, 47001, Valladolid, Spain.,Department of History, Geography and Comunication, University of Burgos, Paseo de Comendadores, s/n 09001 Burgos (Burgos), Spain
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica-CNR, Monserrato, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Pilar Utrilla
- Área de Prehistoria, P3A DGA Research Group, IPH, University of Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kurt Rademaker
- Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Douglas Baird
- Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7WZ, UK
| | - Patrick Semal
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Márquez-Morfín
- Osteology Laboratory, Post Graduate Studies Division, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirjana Roksandic
- Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Caribbean Research Institute, Univeristy of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,DFG Center for Advanced Studies "Words, Bones, Genes, Tools," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Steiner
- South Tyrol Provincial Heritage Service, South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Domingo Carlos Salazar-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria IT-1223-19 (UPV-EHU)/IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria, Spain.,Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain.,Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natalia Shishlina
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.,State Historical Museum, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yilmaz Selim Erdal
- Human_G Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | | | - Yavor Boyadzhiev
- National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Kamen Boyadzhiev
- National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Mario Küßner
- Thuringian State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, 99423 Weimar, Germany
| | - Duncan Sayer
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Päivi Onkamo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Robin Skeates
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham. DH1 3LE. UK
| | - Manuel Rojo-Guerra
- Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Buzhilova
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Arman Z Beisenov
- Institute of archaeology named after A. Kh. Margulan, 44 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zainolla Samashev
- Branch of Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Margulan, 24 of 511 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve "Berel," Katon-Karagay district, East Kazakhstan region, Kazakhstan
| | - Ken Massy
- Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie und Provinzialrömische Archäologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcello Mannino
- Department of Archeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, 8270 Højbjerg, Denmark.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Vyacheslav Moiseyev
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Oleg Balanovsky
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Biobank of North Eurasia, Moscow, Russia.,Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sabine Reinhold
- Eurasia Department, German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svend Hansen
- Eurasia Department, German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Egor P Kitov
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of archaeology named after A. Kh. Margulan, 44 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Miroslav Dobeš
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Ernée
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Harald Meller
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Kurt W Alt
- Danube Private University, Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, A - 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria.,Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (DBE), Universitätsspital Basel (HFZ), CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Kay Prüfer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Warinner
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stephan Schiffels
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp W Stockhammer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie und Provinzialrömische Archäologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bos
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cosimo Posth
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Herbig
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denise Kühnert
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification and Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Silva M, Oteo-García G, Martiniano R, Guimarães J, von Tersch M, Madour A, Shoeib T, Fichera A, Justeau P, Foody MGB, McGrath K, Barrachina A, Palomar V, Dulias K, Yau B, Gandini F, Clarke DJ, Rosa A, Brehm A, Flaquer A, Rito T, Olivieri A, Achilli A, Torroni A, Gómez-Carballa A, Salas A, Bryk J, Ditchfield PW, Alexander M, Pala M, Soares PA, Edwards CJ, Richards MB. Biomolecular insights into North African-related ancestry, mobility and diet in eleventh-century Al-Andalus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18121. [PMID: 34518562 PMCID: PMC8438022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Historical records document medieval immigration from North Africa to Iberia to create Islamic al-Andalus. Here, we present a low-coverage genome of an eleventh century CE man buried in an Islamic necropolis in Segorbe, near Valencia, Spain. Uniparental lineages indicate North African ancestry, but at the autosomal level he displays a mosaic of North African and European-like ancestries, distinct from any present-day population. Altogether, the genome-wide evidence, stable isotope results and the age of the burial indicate that his ancestry was ultimately a result of admixture between recently arrived Amazigh people (Berbers) and the population inhabiting the Peninsula prior to the Islamic conquest. We detect differences between our sample and a previously published group of contemporary individuals from Valencia, exemplifying how detailed, small-scale aDNA studies can illuminate fine-grained regional and temporal differences. His genome demonstrates how ancient DNA studies can capture portraits of past genetic variation that have been erased by later demographic shifts-in this case, most likely the seventeenth century CE expulsion of formerly Islamic communities as tolerance dissipated following the Reconquista by the Catholic kingdoms of the north.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Silva
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
- Ancient Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - Gonzalo Oteo-García
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Rui Martiniano
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - João Guimarães
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Ali Madour
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Tarek Shoeib
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
- Department of Forensic Science, Faculty of Biomedical Science, University of Benghazi, P.O. Box: 1308, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Alessandro Fichera
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Pierre Justeau
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - M George B Foody
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Krista McGrath
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Prehistory and Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Amparo Barrachina
- Servei d'Investigacions Arqueològiques i Prehistòriques - Museu Belles Arts de Castelló, Av. Germans Bou, 28, 12003, Castellón, Spain
| | - Vicente Palomar
- Museo Municipal de Arqueología y Etnología de Segorbe, Calle Colón, 98, 12400, Segorbe, Castellón, Spain
| | - Katharina Dulias
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- Institut für Geosysteme und Bioindikation, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bobby Yau
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Francesca Gandini
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Douglas J Clarke
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Alexandra Rosa
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Campus of Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Madeira, Campus of Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
| | - António Brehm
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Madeira, Campus of Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Antònia Flaquer
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, LMU University, Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa Rito
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani, Università di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani, Università di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani, Università di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Grupo de Investigacion en Genetica, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatria (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Galicia, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Grupo de Investigacion en Genetica, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatria (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Galicia, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFOR), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jaroslaw Bryk
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Peter W Ditchfield
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK
| | | | - Maria Pala
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Pedro A Soares
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ceiridwen J Edwards
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Martin B Richards
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hernández CL, Pita G, Cavadas B, López S, Sánchez-Martínez LJ, Dugoujon JM, Novelletto A, Cuesta P, Pereira L, Calderón R. Human Genomic Diversity Where the Mediterranean Joins the Atlantic. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:1041-1055. [PMID: 31816048 PMCID: PMC7086172 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the past few years, a lively debate emerged about the timing and magnitude of the human migrations between the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb. Several pieces of evidence, including archaeological, anthropological, historical, and genetic data, have pointed to a complex and intermingled evolutionary history in the western Mediterranean area. To study to what extent connections across the Strait of Gibraltar and surrounding areas have shaped the present-day genomic diversity of its populations, we have performed a screening of 2.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 142 samples from southern Spain, southern Portugal, and Morocco. We built comprehensive data sets of the studied area and we implemented multistep bioinformatic approaches to assess population structure, demographic histories, and admixture dynamics. Both local and global ancestry inference showed an internal substructure in the Iberian Peninsula, mainly linked to a differential African ancestry. Western Iberia, from southern Portugal to Galicia, constituted an independent cluster within Iberia characterized by an enriched African genomic input. Migration time modeling showed recent historic dates for the admixture events occurring both in Iberia and in the North of Africa. However, an integrative vision of both paleogenomic and modern DNA data allowed us to detect chronological transitions and population turnovers that could be the result of transcontinental migrations dating back from Neolithic times. The present contribution aimed to fill the gaps in the modern human genomic record of a key geographic area, where the Mediterranean and the Atlantic come together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candela L Hernández
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Cavadas
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Saioa López
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luis J Sánchez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Michel Dugoujon
- CNRS UMR 5288 Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pedro Cuesta
- Centro de Proceso de Datos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa Pereira
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosario Calderón
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cost-effective straightforward method for captured whole mitogenome sequencing of ancient DNA. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 319:110638. [PMID: 33340848 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Working with mitochondrial DNA from highly degraded samples is challenging. We present a whole mitogenome Illumina-based sequencing method suitable for highly degraded samples. The method makes use of double-stranded library preparation with hybridization-based target enrichment. The aim of the study was to implement a new user-friendly method for analysing many ancient DNA samples at low cost. The method combines the Swift 2S™ Turbo library preparation kit and xGen® panel for mitogenome enrichment. Swift allows to use low input of aDNA and own adapters and primers, handles inhibitors well, and has only two purification steps. xGen is straightforward to use and is able to leverage already pooled libraries. Given the ancient DNA is more challenging to work with, the protocol was developed with several improvements, especially multiplying DNA input in case of low concentration DNA extractions followed by AMPure® beads size selection and real-time pre-capture PCR monitoring in order to avoid cycle-optimization step. Nine out of eleven analysed samples successfully retrieved mitogenomes. Hence, our method provides an effective analysis of whole mtDNA, and has proven to be fast, cost-effective, straightforward, with utilisation in population-wide research of burial sites.
Collapse
|
14
|
Antonio ML, Gao Z, Moots HM, Lucci M, Candilio F, Sawyer S, Oberreiter V, Calderon D, Devitofranceschi K, Aikens RC, Aneli S, Bartoli F, Bedini A, Cheronet O, Cotter DJ, Fernandes DM, Gasperetti G, Grifoni R, Guidi A, La Pastina F, Loreti E, Manacorda D, Matullo G, Morretta S, Nava A, Fiocchi Nicolai V, Nomi F, Pavolini C, Pentiricci M, Pergola P, Piranomonte M, Schmidt R, Spinola G, Sperduti A, Rubini M, Bondioli L, Coppa A, Pinhasi R, Pritchard JK. Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean. Science 2020; 366:708-714. [PMID: 31699931 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ancient Rome was the capital of an empire of ~70 million inhabitants, but little is known about the genetics of ancient Romans. Here we present 127 genomes from 29 archaeological sites in and around Rome, spanning the past 12,000 years. We observe two major prehistoric ancestry transitions: one with the introduction of farming and another prior to the Iron Age. By the founding of Rome, the genetic composition of the region approximated that of modern Mediterranean populations. During the Imperial period, Rome's population received net immigration from the Near East, followed by an increase in genetic contributions from Europe. These ancestry shifts mirrored the geopolitical affiliations of Rome and were accompanied by marked interindividual diversity, reflecting gene flow from across the Mediterranean, Europe, and North Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Antonio
- Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ziyue Gao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannah M Moots
- Stanford University, Department of Anthropology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michaela Lucci
- DANTE Laboratory for the study of Diet and Ancient Technology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Candilio
- School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Sawyer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Oberreiter
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diego Calderon
- Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachael C Aikens
- Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Serena Aneli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Bartoli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bedini
- Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali (retired), Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia Cheronet
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel J Cotter
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel M Fernandes
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gabriella Gasperetti
- Soprintendenza Archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio per le province di Sassari e Nuoro, Sassari, Italy
| | - Renata Grifoni
- Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Guidi
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ersilia Loreti
- Curatore beni culturali presso la Sovrintendenza Capitolina, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Manacorda
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici Università degli Studi di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Morretta
- Soprintendenza Speciale Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Nava
- DANTE Laboratory for the study of Diet and Ancient Technology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federico Nomi
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Pavolini
- Università della Tuscia, DISUCOM Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, della Comunicazione e del Turismo, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Massimo Pentiricci
- Curatore beni culturali presso la Sovrintendenza Capitolina, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marina Piranomonte
- Soprintendenza speciale Archeologia Belle arti e paesaggio di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Sperduti
- Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Archeologia, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mauro Rubini
- SABAP-LAZ Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luca Bondioli
- Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Coppa
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jonathan K Pritchard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alt KW, Tejedor Rodríguez C, Nicklisch N, Roth D, Szécsényi Nagy A, Knipper C, Lindauer S, Held P, de Lagrán ÍGM, Schulz G, Schuerch T, Thieringer F, Brantner P, Brandt G, Israel N, Arcusa Magallón H, Meyer C, Mende BG, Enzmann F, Dresely V, Ramsthaler F, Guillén JIR, Scheurer E, López Montalvo E, Garrido Pena R, Pichler SL, Guerra MAR. A massacre of early Neolithic farmers in the high Pyrenees at Els Trocs, Spain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2131. [PMID: 32034181 PMCID: PMC7005801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Violence seems deeply rooted in human nature and an endemic potential for such is today frequently associated with differing ethnic, religious or socio-economic backgrounds. Ethnic nepotism is believed to be one of the main causes of inter-group violence in multi-ethnic societies. At the site of Els Trocs in the Spanish Pyrenees, rivalling groups of either migrating early farmers or farmers and indigenous hunter-gatherers collided violently around 5300 BCE. This clash apparently resulted in a massacre of the Els Trocs farmers. The overkill reaction was possibly triggered by xenophobia or massive disputes over resources or privileges. In the present, violence and xenophobia are controlled and sanctioned through social codes of conduct and institutions. So that, rather than representing an insurmountable evolutionary inheritance, violence and ethnic nepotism can be overcome and a sustainable future achieved through mutual respect, tolerance and openness to multi-ethnic societies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt W Alt
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Cristina Tejedor Rodríguez
- Juan de la Cierva-Formación Programme. Institute of Heritage Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (Incpit-CSIC) Spain, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nicole Nicklisch
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria.,State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Halle State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany
| | - David Roth
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Szécsényi Nagy
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Corina Knipper
- Curt-Engelhorn-Zentrum Archaeometrie gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Petra Held
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Íñigo García Martínez de Lagrán
- Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación Programme, Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Georg Schulz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schuerch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Thieringer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Brantner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guido Brandt
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Israel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Christian Meyer
- OsteoARC - OsteoArchaeological Research Center, Goslar, Germany
| | - Balazs G Mende
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frieder Enzmann
- Computer Tomography Lab of the Institute of Hydrogeochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Veit Dresely
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Halle State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany
| | - Frank Ramsthaler
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Eva Scheurer
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Esther López Montalvo
- Chargée de recherche CNRS, Laboratoire TRACES UMR 5608, Université de Toulouse II-Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Rafael Garrido Pena
- Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Atonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra L Pichler
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel A Rojo Guerra
- Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Olalde I, Mallick S, Patterson N, Rohland N, Villalba-Mouco V, Silva M, Dulias K, Edwards CJ, Gandini F, Pala M, Soares P, Ferrando-Bernal M, Adamski N, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Cheronet O, Culleton BJ, Fernandes D, Lawson AM, Mah M, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K, Zhang Z, Jiménez Arenas JM, Toro Moyano IJ, Salazar-García DC, Castanyer P, Santos M, Tremoleda J, Lozano M, García Borja P, Fernández-Eraso J, Mujika-Alustiza JA, Barroso C, Bermúdez FJ, Viguera Mínguez E, Burch J, Coromina N, Vivó D, Cebrià A, Fullola JM, García-Puchol O, Morales JI, Oms FX, Majó T, Vergès JM, Díaz-Carvajal A, Ollich-Castanyer I, López-Cachero FJ, Silva AM, Alonso-Fernández C, Delibes de Castro G, Jiménez Echevarría J, Moreno-Márquez A, Pascual Berlanga G, Ramos-García P, Ramos-Muñoz J, Vijande Vila E, Aguilella Arzo G, Esparza Arroyo Á, Lillios KT, Mack J, Velasco-Vázquez J, Waterman A, Benítez de Lugo Enrich L, Benito Sánchez M, Agustí B, Codina F, de Prado G, Estalrrich A, Fernández Flores Á, Finlayson C, Finlayson G, Finlayson S, Giles-Guzmán F, Rosas A, Barciela González V, García Atiénzar G, Hernández Pérez MS, Llanos A, Carrión Marco Y, Collado Beneyto I, López-Serrano D, Sanz Tormo M, Valera AC, Blasco C, Liesau C, Ríos P, Daura J, de Pedro Michó MJ, Diez-Castillo AA, Flores Fernández R, Francès Farré J, Garrido-Pena R, Gonçalves VS, Guerra-Doce E, Herrero-Corral AM, Juan-Cabanilles J, López-Reyes D, McClure SB, Merino Pérez M, Oliver Foix A, Sanz Borràs M, Sousa AC, Vidal Encinas JM, Kennett DJ, Richards MB, Werner Alt K, Haak W, Pinhasi R, Lalueza-Fox C, Reich D. The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years. Science 2019; 363:1230-1234. [PMID: 30872528 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav4040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European-speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European-speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Olalde
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Villalba-Mouco
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Antigüedad, Grupo Primeros Pobladores del Valle del Ebro (PPVE), Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marina Silva
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Katharina Dulias
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Ceiridwen J Edwards
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Francesca Gandini
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Maria Pala
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Pedro Soares
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Nicole Adamski
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Cheronet
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brendan J Culleton
- Department of Anthropology and Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Center for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Science, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ann Marie Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Mah
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonas Oppenheimer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin Stewardson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Jiménez Arenas
- Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de la Paz y los Conflictos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Anthropology - Anthropologisches Institut and Museum, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Domingo C Salazar-García
- Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria, (UPV-EHU)/IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Pere Castanyer
- Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Empúries, L'Escala, Spain
| | - Marta Santos
- Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Empúries, L'Escala, Spain
| | | | - Marina Lozano
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain.,Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pablo García Borja
- Departamento de Prehistoria e Historia Antigua, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Eraso
- Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain
| | | | - Cecilio Barroso
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación de Prehistoria y Evolución Humana (FIPEH), Lucena, Spain
| | - Francisco J Bermúdez
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación de Prehistoria y Evolución Humana (FIPEH), Lucena, Spain
| | | | - Josep Burch
- Institut de Recerca Històrica, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Neus Coromina
- Institut de Recerca Històrica, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - David Vivó
- Institut de Recerca Històrica, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Artur Cebrià
- SERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Fullola
- SERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oreto García-Puchol
- PREMEDOC Research Group, Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Juan Ignacio Morales
- SERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Xavier Oms
- SERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tona Majó
- Archaeom. Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Vergès
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain.,Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | - F Javier López-Cachero
- SERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Prehistory, Research Center for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,UNIARQ, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,CEF, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Germán Delibes de Castro
- Departamento de Prehistoria, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Adolfo Moreno-Márquez
- Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Geografía, Historia y Humanidades, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | | | | | - José Ramos-Muñoz
- Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Vijande Vila
- Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gustau Aguilella Arzo
- Servicio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Prehistóricas de la Diputación de Castellón, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ángel Esparza Arroyo
- GIR PrehUSAL, Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Katina T Lillios
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jennifer Mack
- Office of the State Archaeologist, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Javier Velasco-Vázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | | | - Luis Benítez de Lugo Enrich
- Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Benito Sánchez
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Anatomía Patológica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bibiana Agustí
- INSITU S.C.P., Centelles, Spain.,Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Ullastret, Ullastret, Spain
| | - Ferran Codina
- Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Ullastret, Ullastret, Spain
| | | | - Almudena Estalrrich
- Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria IIIPC (Universidad de Cantabria-Gobierno de Cantabria-Santander), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Clive Finlayson
- The Gibraltar National Museum, Gibraltar.,Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Geraldine Finlayson
- The Gibraltar National Museum, Gibraltar.,School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Stewart Finlayson
- The Gibraltar National Museum, Gibraltar.,Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Antonio Rosas
- Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Barciela González
- Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico (INAPH), San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Gabriel García Atiénzar
- Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico (INAPH), San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Mauro S Hernández Pérez
- Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico (INAPH), San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Carrión Marco
- Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Concepción Blasco
- Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corina Liesau
- Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Ríos
- Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Daura
- SERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Agustín A Diez-Castillo
- GRAM Research Group, Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | | | | | - Rafael Garrido-Pena
- Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Guerra-Doce
- Departamento de Prehistoria, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Sarah B McClure
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Marta Merino Pérez
- Unitat d'Antropologia Física, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arturo Oliver Foix
- Servicio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Prehistóricas de la Diputación de Castellón, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Montserrat Sanz Borràs
- SERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Douglas J Kennett
- Department of Anthropology and Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Martin B Richards
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Kurt Werner Alt
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carles Lalueza-Fox
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pimenta J, Lopes AM, Carracedo A, Arenas M, Amorim A, Comas D. Spatially explicit analysis reveals complex human genetic gradients in the Iberian Peninsula. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7825. [PMID: 31127131 PMCID: PMC6534591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Iberian Peninsula is a well-delimited geographic region with a rich and complex human history. However, the causes of its genetic structure and past migratory dynamics are not yet fully understood. In order to shed light on them, here we evaluated the gene flow and genetic structure throughout the Iberian Peninsula with spatially explicit modelling applied to a georeferenced genetic dataset composed of genome-wide SNPs from 746 individuals belonging to 17 different regions of the Peninsula. We found contrasting patterns of genetic structure throughout Iberia. In particular, we identified strong patterns of genetic differentiation caused by relevant barriers to gene flow in northern regions and, on the other hand, a large genetic similarity in central and southern regions. In addition, our results showed a preferential north to south migratory dynamics and suggest a sex-biased dispersal in Mediterranean and southern regions. The estimated genetic patterns did not fit with the geographical relief of the Iberian landscape and they rather seem to follow political and linguistic territorial boundaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Pimenta
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF). Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Alexandra M Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Arenas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - António Amorim
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David Comas
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF). Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Villalba-Mouco V, van de Loosdrecht MS, Posth C, Mora R, Martínez-Moreno J, Rojo-Guerra M, Salazar-García DC, Royo-Guillén JI, Kunst M, Rougier H, Crevecoeur I, Arcusa-Magallón H, Tejedor-Rodríguez C, García-Martínez de Lagrán I, Garrido-Pena R, Alt KW, Jeong C, Schiffels S, Utrilla P, Krause J, Haak W. Survival of Late Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherer Ancestry in the Iberian Peninsula. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1169-1177.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
19
|
Rusu I, Modi A, Radu C, Mircea C, Vulpoi A, Dobrinescu C, Bodolică V, Potârniche T, Popescu O, Caramelli D, Kelemen B. Mitochondrial ancestry of medieval individuals carelessly interred in a multiple burial from southeastern Romania. Sci Rep 2019; 9:961. [PMID: 30700787 PMCID: PMC6353917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The historical province of Dobruja, located in southeastern Romania, has experienced intense human population movement, invasions, and conflictual episodes during the Middle Ages, being an important intersection point between Asia and Europe. The most informative source of maternal population histories is the complete mitochondrial genome of archaeological specimens, but currently, there is insufficient ancient DNA data available for the medieval period in this geographical region to complement the archaeological findings. In this study, we reconstructed, by using Next Generation Sequencing, the entire mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of six medieval individuals neglectfully buried in a multiple burial from Capidava necropolis (Dobruja), some presenting signs of a violent death. Six distinct maternal lineages (H11a1, U4d2, J1c15, U6a1a1, T2b, and N1a3a) with different phylogenetic background were identified, pointing out the heterogeneous genetic aspect of the analyzed medieval group. Using population genetic analysis based on high-resolution mitochondrial data, we inferred the genetic affinities of the available medieval dataset from Capidava to other ancient Eurasian populations. The genetic data were integrated with the archaeological and anthropological information in order to sketch a small, local piece of the mosaic that is the image of medieval European population history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Rusu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj, Napoca, Romania. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400006, Cluj, Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alessandra Modi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50122, Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudia Radu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj, Napoca, Romania.,Department of Ancient History and Archaeology, Faculty of History and Philosophy, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj, Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Mircea
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj, Napoca, Romania.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400006, Cluj, Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Vulpoi
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj, Napoca, Romania
| | - Cătălin Dobrinescu
- Department of Research-Development and Projects, Museum of National History and Archeology, 900745, Constanța, Romania
| | - Vitalie Bodolică
- Department of Research-Development and Projects, Museum of National History and Archeology, 900745, Constanța, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Potârniche
- Department of Research-Development and Projects, Museum of National History and Archeology, 900745, Constanța, Romania
| | - Octavian Popescu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj, Napoca, Romania.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400006, Cluj, Napoca, Romania.,Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
| | - David Caramelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Kelemen
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj, Napoca, Romania.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400006, Cluj, Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fischer CE, Lefort A, Pemonge MH, Couture-Veschambre C, Rottier S, Deguilloux MF. The multiple maternal legacy of the Late Iron Age group of Urville-Nacqueville (France, Normandy) documents a long-standing genetic contact zone in northwestern France. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207459. [PMID: 30521562 PMCID: PMC6283558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The compilation of archaeological and genetic data for ancient European human groups has provided persuasive evidence for a complex series of migrations, population replacements and admixture until the Bronze Age. If the Bronze-to-Iron Age transition has been well documented archaeologically, ancient DNA (aDNA) remains rare for the latter period and does not precisely reflect the genetic diversity of European Celtic groups. In order to document the evolution of European communities, we analysed 45 individuals from the Late Iron Age (La Tène) Urville-Nacqueville necropolis in northwestern France, a region recognized as a major cultural contact zone between groups from both sides of the Channel. The characterization of 37 HVS-I mitochondrial sequences and 40 haplogroups provided the largest maternal gene pool yet recovered for the European Iron Age. First, descriptive analyses allowed us to demonstrate the presence of substantial amounts of steppe-related mitochondrial ancestry in the community, which is consistent with the expansion of Bell Beaker groups bearing an important steppe legacy in northwestern Europe at approximately 2500 BC. Second, maternal genetic affinities highlighted with Bronze Age groups from Great Britain and the Iberian Peninsula regions tends to support the idea that the continuous cultural exchanges documented archaeologically across the Channel and along the Atlantic coast (during and after the Bronze Age period) were accompanied by significant gene flow. Lastly, our results suggest a maternal genetic continuity between Bronze Age and Iron Age groups that would argue in favour of a cultural transition linked to progressive local economic changes rather than to a massive influx of allochthone groups. The palaeogenetic data gathered for the Urville-Nacqueville group constitute an important step in the biological characterization of European Iron age groups. Clearly, more numerous and diachronic aDNA data are needed to fully understand the complex relationship between the cultural and biological evolution of groups from the period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Elise Fischer
- De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel, Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie–UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS, Pessac Cedex, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Anthony Lefort
- Inrap Grand-Ouest, Boulevard de l’Europe, Bourguébus, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Pemonge
- De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel, Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie–UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Christine Couture-Veschambre
- De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel, Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie–UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Rottier
- De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel, Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie–UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Marie-France Deguilloux
- De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel, Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie–UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS, Pessac Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zalloua P, Collins CJ, Gosling A, Biagini SA, Costa B, Kardailsky O, Nigro L, Khalil W, Calafell F, Matisoo-Smith E. Ancient DNA of Phoenician remains indicates discontinuity in the settlement history of Ibiza. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17567. [PMID: 30514893 PMCID: PMC6279797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibiza was permanently settled around the 7th century BCE by founders arriving from west Phoenicia. The founding population grew significantly and reached its height during the 4th century BCE. We obtained nine complete mitochondrial genomes from skeletal remains from two Punic necropoli in Ibiza and a Bronze Age site from Formentara. We also obtained low coverage (0.47X average depth) of the genome of one individual, directly dated to 361-178 cal BCE, from the Cas Molí site on Ibiza. We analysed and compared ancient DNA results with 18 new mitochondrial genomes from modern Ibizans to determine the ancestry of the founders of Ibiza. The mitochondrial results indicate a predominantly recent European maternal ancestry for the current Ibizan population while the whole genome data suggest a significant Eastern Mediterranean component. Our mitochondrial results suggest a genetic discontinuity between the early Phoenician settlers and the island's modern inhabitants. Our data, while limited, suggest that the Eastern or North African influence in the Punic population of Ibiza was primarily male dominated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Zalloua
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Catherine J Collins
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Anna Gosling
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Simone Andrea Biagini
- Department de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamí Costa
- Museu Arqueològic d'Eivissa i Formentera, Universitat de Barcelona, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Olga Kardailsky
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lorenzo Nigro
- Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Università di Roma, La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Wissam Khalil
- Department of Arts and Archaeology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Francesc Calafell
- Department de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
The evolutionary history of human populations in Europe. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 53:21-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|