1
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Florencia Tebele M, Paris G, Zelcer A. Plasmonic inhibition of bacterial adhesion on gold-decorated mesoporous zirconium oxide thin films. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 232:113576. [PMID: 37862951 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Preventing bacterial development on surfaces is essential to avoid problems caused by biofouling. Surfaces decorated with gold nanoparticles have been shown to thermally kill bacteria under high-intensity NIR illumination. In this study, we evaluated the colonization by E. coli of nanostructured surfaces composed of mesoporous zirconia thin films, both with and without gold nanoparticles embedded into the pores. We studied the effect of the nanostructure and of low intensity visible light excitation of the gold nanoparticles on the colonization process. We found that neither the zirconia, nor the presence of pores, or even gold nanoparticles affect bacterial adhesion compared to the bare glass substrate. Therefore, mesoporous zirconia thin films are biologically inert scaffolds that enable the construction of robust surfaces containing functional nanoparticles that can affect bacterial growth. When the gold containing surfaces are irradiated with light, bacterial adhesion shows a remarkable 96 ± 4% reduction. Our studies revealed that these surfaces affect early colonization steps, prior to biofilm formation, preventing bacterial adhesion without affecting its viability. In contrast to related systems where plasmonic excitation induces membrane damage due to strong local heating, the membrane integrity is preserved, showing that these surfaces have a different working principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Florencia Tebele
- CIBION-CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gastón Paris
- CIBION-CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Zelcer
- CIBION-CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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2
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Moore JV, Wylie MP, Andrews GP, McCoy CP. Photosensitiser-incorporated microparticles for photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 241:112671. [PMID: 36870247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an ever-growing global concern, making the development of alternative antimicrobial agents and techniques an urgent priority to protect public health. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is one such promising alternative, which harnesses the cytotoxic action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated upon irradiation of photosensitisers (PSs) with visible light to destroy microorganisms. In this study we report a convenient and facile method to produce highly photoactive antimicrobial microparticles, exhibiting minimal PS leaching, and examine the effect of particle size on antimicrobial activity. A ball milling technique produced a range of sizes of anionic p(HEMA-co-MAA) microparticles, providing large surface areas available for electrostatic attachment of the cationic PS, Toluidine Blue O (TBO). The TBO-incorporated microparticles showed a size-dependent effect on antimicrobial activity, with a decrease in microparticle size resulting in an increase in the bacterial reductions achieved when irradiated with red light. The >6 log10Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus reductions (>99.9999%) achieved within 30 and 60 min, respectively, by TBO-incorporated >90 μm microparticles were attributed to the cytotoxic action of the ROS generated by TBO molecules bound to the microparticles, with no PS leaching from these particles detected over this timeframe. TBO-incorporated microparticles capable of significantly reducing the bioburden of solutions with short durations of low intensity red light irradiation and minimal leaching present an attractive platform for various antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica V Moore
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Matthew P Wylie
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Colin P McCoy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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3
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Prasathkumar M, Sakthivel C, Becky R, Dhrisya C, Prabha I, Sadhasivam S. Phytofabrication of cost-effective selenium nanoparticles from edible and non-edible plant materials of Senna auriculata: Characterization, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, biocompatibility, and wound healing. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Bryant JA, Riordan L, Watson R, Nikoi ND, Trzaska W, Slope L, Tibbatts C, Alexander MR, Scurr DJ, May RC, de Cogan F. Developing Novel Biointerfaces: Using Chlorhexidine Surface Attachment as a Method for Creating Anti-Fungal Surfaces. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2022; 6:2100138. [PMID: 35602408 PMCID: PMC9121760 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing focus in healthcare environments on combatting antimicrobial resistant infections. While bacterial infections are well reported, infections caused by fungi receive less attention, yet have a broad impact on society and can be deadly. Fungi are eukaryotes with considerable shared biology with humans, therefore limited technologies exist to combat fungal infections and hospital infrastructure is rarely designed for reducing microbial load. In this study, a novel antimicrobial surface (AMS) that is modified with the broad-spectrum biocide chlorhexidine is reported. The surfaces are shown to kill the opportunistic fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans very rapidly (<15 min) and are significantly more effective than current technologies available on the commercial market, such as silver and copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Bryant
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Lily Riordan
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Rowan Watson
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Naa Dei Nikoi
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Wioleta Trzaska
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Louise Slope
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Callum Tibbatts
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - David J. Scurr
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Robin C. May
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Felicity de Cogan
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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5
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Electrochemically Deposited Zinc (Tetraamino)phthalocyanine as a Light-activated Antimicrobial Coating Effective against S. aureus. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030975. [PMID: 35160921 PMCID: PMC8838431 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-activated antimicrobial coatings are currently considered to be a promising approach for the prevention of nosocomial infections. In this work, we present a straightforward strategy for the deposition of a photoactive biocidal organic layer of zinc (tetraamino)phthalocyanine (ZnPcNH2) in an electrochemical oxidative process. The chemical structure and morphology of the resulting layer are widely characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, while its ability to photogenerate reactive oxygen species (ROS) is investigated in situ by UV–Vis spectroscopy with α-terpinene or 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran as a chemical trap. It is shown that the ZnPcNH2 photosensitizer retained its photoactivity after immobilization, and that the reported light-activated coating exhibits promising antimicrobial properties towards Staphyloccocus aureus (S. aureus).
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6
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Versace DL, Breloy L, Palierse E, Coradin T. Contributions of photochemistry to bio-based antibacterial polymer materials. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9624-9641. [PMID: 34807217 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01801a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surgical site infections constitute a major health concern that may be addressed by conferring antibacterial properties to surgical tools and medical devices via functional coatings. Bio-sourced polymers are particularly well-suited to prepare such coatings as they are usually safe and can exhibit intrinsic antibacterial properties or serve as hosts for bactericidal agents. The goal of this Review is to highlight the unique contribution of photochemistry as a green and mild methodology for the development of such bio-based antibacterial materials. Photo-generation and photo-activation of bactericidal materials are illustrated. Recent efforts and current challenges to optimize the sustainability of the process, improve the safety of the materials and extend these strategies to 3D biomaterials are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy-Louis Versace
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE, UMR-CNRS 7182), 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France.
| | - Louise Breloy
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE, UMR-CNRS 7182), 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France.
| | - Estelle Palierse
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), UMR 7574, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), UMR 7197, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Coradin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), UMR 7574, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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7
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Bucuresteanu R, Ditu LM, Ionita M, Calinescu I, Raditoiu V, Cojocaru B, Cinteza LO, Curutiu C, Holban AM, Enachescu M, Enache LB, Mustatea G, Chihaia V, Nicolaev A, Borcan EL, Mihaescu G. Preliminary Study on Light-Activated Antimicrobial Agents as Photocatalytic Method for Protection of Surfaces with Increased Risk of Infections. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185307. [PMID: 34576531 PMCID: PMC8470258 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Preventing and controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria implicated in healthcare-associated infections is the greatest challenge of the health systems. In recent decades, research has shown the need for passive antibacterial protection of surfaces in order to reduce the microbial load and microbial biofilm development, frequently associated with transmission of infections. The aim of the present study is to analyze the efficiency of photocatalytic antimicrobial protection methods of surfaces using the new photocatalytic paint activated by light in the visible spectrum. The new composition is characterized by a wide range of analytical methods, such as UV-VIS spectroscopy, electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity in the UV-A was compared with the one in the visible light spectrum using an internal method developed on the basis of DIN 52980: 2008-10 standard and ISO 10678—2010 standard. Migration of metal ions in the composition was tested based on SR EN1186-3: 2003 standard. The new photocatalytic antimicrobial method uses a type of photocatalytic paint that is active in the visible spectral range and generates reactive oxygen species with inhibitory effect against all tested microbial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Bucuresteanu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor no 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (C.C.); (A.M.H.); (G.M.)
- Faculty of Biology, Research Institute, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Paduri 90-92, 50663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lia-Mara Ditu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor no 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (C.C.); (A.M.H.); (G.M.)
- Faculty of Biology, Research Institute, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Paduri 90-92, 50663 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-04-0745-67-38-22
| | - Monica Ionita
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenței no 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (I.C.)
| | - Ioan Calinescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenței no 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (I.C.)
| | - Valentin Raditoiu
- Laboratory of Functional Dyes and Related Materials, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Cojocaru
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry & Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bdul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, 030016 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ludmila Otilia Cinteza
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bdul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, 030016 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carmen Curutiu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor no 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (C.C.); (A.M.H.); (G.M.)
- Faculty of Biology, Research Institute, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Paduri 90-92, 50663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor no 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (C.C.); (A.M.H.); (G.M.)
- Faculty of Biology, Research Institute, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Paduri 90-92, 50663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Enachescu
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.E.); (L.-B.E.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Spaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura-Bianca Enache
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.E.); (L.-B.E.)
| | - Gabriel Mustatea
- National R&D Institute for Food Bioresources—IBA Bucharest, 5 Ancuţa Băneasa Street, 020323 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Viorel Chihaia
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adela Nicolaev
- Department of Surfaces and Interfaces, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.N.); (E.-L.B.)
| | - Elena-Larisa Borcan
- Department of Surfaces and Interfaces, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.N.); (E.-L.B.)
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Grigore Mihaescu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor no 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (C.C.); (A.M.H.); (G.M.)
- Faculty of Biology, Research Institute, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Paduri 90-92, 50663 Bucharest, Romania
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8
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Harada N, Masuda K, Nakamura JI, Uyama H. Fabrication and evaluation of durable, optically clear, and self-disinfecting films. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Nyga A, Czerwińska-Główka D, Krzywiecki M, Przystaś W, Zabłocka-Godlewska E, Student S, Kwoka M, Data P, Blacha-Grzechnik A. Covalent Immobilization of Organic Photosensitizers on the Glass Surface: Toward the Formation of the Light-Activated Antimicrobial Nanocoating. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14113093. [PMID: 34200077 PMCID: PMC8201308 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two highly efficient commercial organic photosensitizers—azure A (AA) and 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-(triphenyl)porphyrin (APTPP)—were covalently attached to the glass surface to form a photoactive monolayer. The proposed straightforward strategy consists of three steps, i.e., the initial chemical grafting of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by two chemical postmodification steps. The chemical structure of the resulting mixed monolayer (MIX_TC_APTES@glass) was widely characterized by X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and Raman spectroscopies, while its photoactive properties were investigated in situ by UV–Vis spectroscopy with α-terpinene as a chemical trap. It was shown that both photosensitizers retain their activity toward light-activated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after immobilization on the glassy surface and that the resulting nanolayer shows high stability. Thanks to the complementarity of the spectral properties of AA and APTPP, the effectiveness of the ROS photogeneration under broadband illumination can be optimized. The reported light-activated nanocoating demonstrated promising antimicrobial activity toward Escherichia coli (E. coli), by reducing the number of adhered bacteria compared to the unmodified glass surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nyga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.N.); (D.C.-G.); (P.D.)
| | - Dominika Czerwińska-Główka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.N.); (D.C.-G.); (P.D.)
| | - Maciej Krzywiecki
- Center for Science and Education (CSE), Institute of Physics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Wioletta Przystaś
- Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (W.P.); (E.Z.-G.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Ewa Zabłocka-Godlewska
- Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (W.P.); (E.Z.-G.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Student
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Monika Kwoka
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Institute of Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Przemysław Data
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.N.); (D.C.-G.); (P.D.)
| | - Agata Blacha-Grzechnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.N.); (D.C.-G.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-322371024
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10
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Harada N, Kataoka M, Nakanosho M, Uyama H. Penetration of Singlet Oxygen into Films with Oxygen Permeability Coefficient Close to that of Skin. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:971-979. [PMID: 33973245 DOI: 10.1111/php.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although its antiviral and antibacterial functions help prevent infection, singlet oxygen (1 O2 )-which is generated by the action of light on an endogenous photosensitizer-is cytotoxic. In the present study, we investigated the ability of 1 O2 -generated by the action of visible light on a photosensitizer-to penetrate skin. We used two polymer films with oxygen permeability coefficients similar to that of skin-i.e. cellulose acetate (CA) and ethyl cellulose (EC). Both films contained 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF), which was used as an 1 O2 probe. 1 O2 generated externally did not permeate the films by mere contact. Therefore, we conclude that the potential for 1 O2 to penetrate the skin is very low, and films that generate 1 O2 are safe and useful for preventing infections by contact. We also proved that 1 O2 can move between the layers of integrated polymer films when they are joined together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Harada
- Nippon Shokubai Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Kataoka
- Nippon Shokubai Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Scheberl A, Khalil ML, Maghsoodi F, Strach EW, Yang J, Chi EY, Schanze KS, Reimhult E, Whitten DG. Quantitative Determination of Dark and Light-Activated Antimicrobial Activity of Poly(Phenylene Ethynylene), Polythiophene, and Oligo(Phenylene Ethynylene) Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21322-21329. [PMID: 32259428 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Much recent effort has been directed toward the development of novel antimicrobial materials able to defeat new and antibiotic resistant pathogens. In this report, we study the efficacy of cationic poly(phenylene ethynylene), polythiophene, and oligo(phenylene ethynylene) electrolytes against laboratory strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The focus of the study is to quantitatively evaluate the speed and extent of dark and light-activated antimicrobial activity. Using cell plating with serial dilutions, we determined that planktonic bacteria suspensions exposed to the antimicrobials (at 10 μg/mL) result in several log kills at 10 min both in the dark and under UV irradiation (360 nm) for all eight synthetic antimicrobials. However, there are significant differences in the ease of killing the different pathogens. In most trials, there is significantly greater killing under light-irradiation, indicating these materials may be used as versatile disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scheberl
- Department of Nanobiotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU Wien) Muthgasse 11-II, Vienna A-1190, Austria
| | - Mohammed L Khalil
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Center for Biomedical Engineering University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| | - Fahimeh Maghsoodi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Center for Biomedical Engineering University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| | - Edward W Strach
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Center for Biomedical Engineering University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| | - Jianzhong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Center for Biomedical Engineering University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| | - Eva Y Chi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Center for Biomedical Engineering University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Way, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Department of Nanobiotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU Wien) Muthgasse 11-II, Vienna A-1190, Austria
| | - David G Whitten
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Center for Biomedical Engineering University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
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12
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Dong X, Bond AE, Yang L. Essential oil-incorporated carbon nanotubes filters for bacterial removal and inactivation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227220. [PMID: 31881054 PMCID: PMC6934282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, essential oils (EO)-incorporated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filters were developed for achieving dual functions in effective removing bacteria from aqueous solutions and inactivating bacteria cells captured on the filters. Tea tree essential oil (TTO), lemon essential oil (LEO), and TTO-LEO-mixture were coated on MWCNTs filters with different MWCNTs loadings ranging from 3 mg to 6 mg. MWCNTs filters with 6.0 mg MWCNTs showed complete removal (100%) of E. coli cells from PBS buffer with 6.35 log10 decrease of cell numbers. TTO, LEO, and TTO/LEO Mix (1:1) coatings at the volume of 50 μL on MWCNTs filters achieved bacterial removal rates of >98%, and highly effective inactivation efficiency. TTO coatings had the highest antimicrobial efficacies than LEO and Mix coatings, MWCNTs filters with 50 μL TTO coating showed 100% inhibitory rate of the captured bacteria on the filter surfaces. Those captured but survived cells on filters with less TTO coating (20μL) significantly reduced their salt tolerances to 30 and 40 g/L NaCl in LB agar, and became less salt tolerance with longer incubation time on the filters. The developed TTO-MWCNTs filters had much higher antimicrobial efficacies than the filters with dual functions developed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Ambrose E. Bond
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Liju Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States of America
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13
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Ghilini F, Pissinis DE, Miñán A, Schilardi PL, Diaz C. How Functionalized Surfaces Can Inhibit Bacterial Adhesion and Viability. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4920-4936. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorela Ghilini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego E. Pissinis
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Miñán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia L. Schilardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Diaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Cabral J, Ag R. Blue Light Disinfection in Hospital Infection Control: Advantages, Drawbacks, and Pitfalls. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8020058. [PMID: 31067733 PMCID: PMC6627448 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are a serious problem that potentially affects millions of patients whenever in contact with hospital settings. Worsening the panorama is the emergence of antimicrobial resistance by most microorganisms implicated in HAIs. Therefore, the improvement of the actual surveillance methods and the discovery of alternative approaches with novel modes of action is vital to overcome the threats created by the emergence of such resistances. Light therapy modalities represent a viable and effective alternative to the conventional antimicrobial treatment and can be preponderant in the control of HAIs, even against multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs). This review will initially focus on the actual state of HAIs and MDROs and which methods are currently available to fight them, which is followed by the exploration of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and antimicrobial blue light therapy (aBLT) as alternative approaches to control microorganisms involved in HAIs. The advantages and drawbacks of BLT relatively to aPDT and conventional antimicrobial drugs as well as its potential applications to destroy microorganisms in the healthcare setting will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cabral
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Porto Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rodrigues Ag
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Porto Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
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15
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Marković ZM, Kováčová M, Humpolíček P, Budimir MD, Vajďák J, Kubát P, Mičušík M, Švajdlenková H, Danko M, Capáková Z, Lehocký M, Todorović Marković BM, Špitalský Z. Antibacterial photodynamic activity of carbon quantum dots/polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:342-349. [PMID: 31022579 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite great efforts, the design of antibacterial surfaces is still a challenge. In this work, results of structural, mechanical, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of hydrophobic carbon quantum dots/polydimethylsiloxane surfaces are presented. Antibacterial action of this surface is based on the generation of reactive oxygen species which cause bacteria damage by oxidative stress. At the same time, this surface was not cytotoxic towards the NIH/3T3 cells. Swelling-encapsulation-shrink method is applied for encapsulation of hydrophobic carbon quantum dots in medical grade silicone-polydimethylsiloxane. XPS and photoluminescence spectroscopy analyses confirm that hydrophobic carbon quantum dots have been encapsulated successfully into polydimethylsiloxane polymer matrix. Based on stress-strain test the improvement of mechanical properties of these nanocomposites is established. It is shown by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and luminescence method that nanocomposite generates singlet oxygen initiated by 470 nm blue light irradiation. Antibacterial testing shows the nanocomposite in the form of foil kills Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and is very effective after only a 15 min irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran M Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O.B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mária Kováčová
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Milica D Budimir
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O.B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jan Vajďák
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubát
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Mičušík
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Švajdlenková
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdenka Capáková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Lehocký
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zdeno Špitalský
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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16
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Marković Z, Kováčová M, Mičušík M, Danko M, Švajdlenková H, Kleinová A, Humpolíček P, Lehocký M, Marković BT, Špitalský Z. Structural, mechanical, and antibacterial features of curcumin/polyurethane nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Marković
- Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča; University of Belgrade; P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Mária Kováčová
- Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Matej Mičušík
- Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Helena Švajdlenková
- Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Angela Kleinová
- Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems; Tomas Bata University in Zlín; Trida Tomase Bati, 5678 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Marián Lehocký
- Centre of Polymer Systems; Tomas Bata University in Zlín; Trida Tomase Bati, 5678 Zlín Czech Republic
| | | | - Zdeno Špitalský
- Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava Slovakia
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17
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Brown DM, Yang J, Strach EW, Khalil MI, Whitten DG. Size and Substitution Effect on Antimicrobial Activity of Polythiophene Polyelectrolyte Derivatives Under Photolysis and Dark Conditions. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:1116-1123. [PMID: 30222200 DOI: 10.1111/php.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polythiophenes have been shown to be potent antimicrobial compounds due to their ability to absorb visible light and sensitize the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as their ability to selectively associate with and damage negatively charged cell envelopes. This study demonstrates the ability of differentially sized imidazolium- and tertiary amine-functionalized poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) to inactivate Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus atrophaeus under photolysis and dark conditions. Flow cytometry viability assays are used to quantify cell death. Each compound shows high levels of killing at both 1 and 10 μg mL-1 polymer concentrations for each microbial species after photoactivation as well as high levels of dark inactivation in many cases. Tertiary amine-functionalized P3HT is shown to have different killing patterns, shown by transmission electron microscopy, compared to the imidazolium-functionalized derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jianzhong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Edward W Strach
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Mohammed I Khalil
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - David G Whitten
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
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18
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Kováčová M, Marković ZM, Humpolíček P, Mičušík M, Švajdlenková H, Kleinová A, Danko M, Kubát P, Vajďák J, Capáková Z, Lehocký M, Münster L, Todorović Marković BM, Špitalský Z. Carbon Quantum Dots Modified Polyurethane Nanocomposite as Effective Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Agents. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3983-3993. [PMID: 33418799 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of new types of antibacterial coatings or nanocomposites is of great importance due to widespread multidrug-resistant infections including bacterial infections. Herein, we investigated biocompatibility as well as structural, photocatalytic, and antibacterial properties of photoactive hydrophobic carbon quantum dots/polyurethane nanocomposite. The swell-encapsulation-shrink method was applied for production of these nanocomposites. Hydrophobic carbon quantum dots/polyurethane nanocomposites were found to be highly effective generator of singlet oxygen upon irradiation by low-power blue light. Analysis of conducted antibacterial tests on Staphyloccocus aureus and Escherichia coli showed 5-log bactericidal effect of these nanocomposites within 60 min of irradiation. Very powerful degradation of dye (rose bengal) was observed within 180 min of blue light irradiation of the nanocomposites. Biocompatibility studies revealed that nanocomposites were not cytotoxic against mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line, whereas they showed moderate cytotoxicity toward adenocarcinomic human epithelial cell line. Minor hemolytic effect of these nanocomposites toward red blood cells was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Kováčová
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zoran M Marković
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati, 5678 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Mičušík
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Švajdlenková
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Angela Kleinová
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Kubát
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vajďák
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati, 5678 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Capáková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati, 5678 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Lehocký
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati, 5678 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Lukaš Münster
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati, 5678 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zdeno Špitalský
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cestá 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
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19
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Q Mesquita M, J Dias C, P M S Neves MG, Almeida A, F Faustino MA. Revisiting Current Photoactive Materials for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2018; 23:E2424. [PMID: 30248888 PMCID: PMC6222430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infection is a severe concern, requiring the use of significant amounts of antimicrobials/biocides, not only in the hospital setting, but also in other environments. The increasing use of antimicrobial drugs and the rapid adaptability of microorganisms to these agents, have contributed to a sharp increase of antimicrobial resistance. It is obvious that the development of new strategies to combat planktonic and biofilm-embedded microorganisms is required. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is being recognized as an effective method to inactivate a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including those resistant to conventional antimicrobials. In the last few years, the development and biological assessment of new photosensitizers for PDI were accompanied by their immobilization in different supports having in mind the extension of the photodynamic principle to new applications, such as the disinfection of blood, water, and surfaces. In this review, we intended to cover a significant amount of recent work considering a diversity of photosensitizers and supports to achieve an effective photoinactivation. Special attention is devoted to the chemistry behind the preparation of the photomaterials by recurring to extensive examples, illustrating the design strategies. Additionally, we highlighted the biological challenges of each formulation expecting that the compiled information could motivate the development of other effective photoactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Q Mesquita
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristina J Dias
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria G P M S Neves
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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20
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Marković ZM, Jovanović SP, Mašković PZ, Danko M, Mičušík M, Pavlović VB, Milivojević DD, Kleinová A, Špitalský Z, Todorović Marković BM. Photo-induced antibacterial activity of four graphene based nanomaterials on a wide range of bacteria. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31337-31347. [PMID: 35548242 PMCID: PMC9085601 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04664f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to controversial reports concerning antibacterial activity of different graphene based materials it is very important to investigate their antibacterial action on a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this paper we have investigated the structure induced phototoxic antibacterial activity of four types of graphene based materials: graphene oxide (GO), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs). Antibacterial activity was tested on 19 types of bacteria. It is found that nanometer-size CQDs and N-CQDs are the most potent agents whereas micrometer-size GO has very poor antibacterial activity. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements confirmed photodynamic production of singlet oxygen for all types of used quantum dots. Detailed analysis has shown that N-CQDs are an excellent photodynamic antibacterial agent for treatment of bacterial infections induced by Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibacterial potentials of four graphene based nanomaterials are tested on a wide range of bacteria.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran M. Marković
- Polymer Institute
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84541 Bratislava
- Slovakia
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences
| | | | - Pavle Z. Mašković
- The Faculty of Agronomy Čačak
- University of Kragujevac
- 32000 Čačak
- Serbia
| | - Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84541 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Matej Mičušík
- Polymer Institute
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84541 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Vladimir B. Pavlović
- Faculty of Agriculture
- Department of Agricultural Engineering
- University of Belgrade
- Nemanjina 6
- Zemun
| | | | - Angela Kleinová
- Polymer Institute
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84541 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Zdeno Špitalský
- Polymer Institute
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84541 Bratislava
- Slovakia
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