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Wang X, Cao M, Liu Z, Chen L, Zhou Y, Gao P, Zou Y. Association between Cardiovascular Response and Inflammatory Cytokines in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10040173. [PMID: 37103052 PMCID: PMC10144044 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is an essential comorbidity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and represents an independent risk factor for increased mortality. Therefore, careful monitoring of cardiovascular disease is crucial in the healthcare of NSCLC patients. Inflammatory factors have previously been associated with myocardial damage in NSCLC patients, but it remains unclear whether serum inflammatory factors can be utilized to assess the cardiovascular health status in NSCLC patients. A total of 118 NSCLC patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, and their baseline data were collected through a hospital electronic medical record system. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1β, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software. Multivariate and ordinal logistic regression models were constructed. The data revealed an increased serum level of LIF in the group using tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-targeted drugs compared to non-users (p < 0.001). Furthermore, serum TGF-β1 (area under the curve, AUC: 0.616) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) (AUC: 0.720) levels were clinically evaluated and found to be correlated with pre-clinical cardiovascular injury in NSCLC patients. Notably, the serum levels of cTnT and TGF-β1 were found to indicate the extent of pre-clinical cardiovascular injury in NSCLC patients. In conclusion, the results suggest that serum LIF, as well as TGFβ1 together with cTnT, are potential serum biomarkers for the assessment of cardiovascular status in NSCLC patients. These findings offer novel insights into the assessment of cardiovascular health and underscore the importance of monitoring cardiovascular health in the management of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengying Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Linley H, Ogden A, Jaigirdar S, Buckingham L, Cox J, Priestley M, Saunders A. CD200R1 promotes interleukin-17 production by group 3 innate lymphoid cells by enhancing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:167-179. [PMID: 36623588 PMCID: PMC10270648 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with no cure. It is driven by the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17A axis and type 17 T helper cells; however, recently, group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have also been implicated. Despite being the focus of much research, factors regulating the activity of ILC3s remain incompletely understood. Immune regulatory pathways are particularly important at barrier sites, such as the skin, gut, and lungs, which are exposed to environmental substances and microbes. CD200R1 is an immune regulatory cell surface receptor that inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production in myeloid cells. CD200R1 is also highly expressed on ILCs, where its function remains largely unexplored. We previously observed reduced CD200R1 signaling in psoriasis-affected skin, suggesting that dysregulation may promote disease. Here, we show that contrary to this, psoriasis models are less severe in CD200R1-deficient mice due to reduced IL-17 production. Here, we uncover a key cell-intrinsic role for CD200R1 in promoting IL-23-driven IL-17A production by ILC3s by promoting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. Therefore, contrary to its inhibitory role in myeloid cells, CD200R1 is required on ILC3 to promote IL-23-stimulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation, triggering optimal IL-17 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Linley
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Alice Ogden
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Shafqat Jaigirdar
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucy Buckingham
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Joshua Cox
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Megan Priestley
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Amy Saunders
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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3
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Van Horebeek L, Dedoncker N, Dubois B, Goris A. Frequent somatic mosaicism in T lymphocyte subsets in individuals with and without multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:993178. [PMID: 36618380 PMCID: PMC9817019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.993178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Somatic variants are variations in an individual's genome acquired after the zygotic stadium and result from mitotic errors or not (fully) repaired DNA damage. Objectives To investigate whether somatic mosaicism in T lymphocyte subsets is enriched early in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods We identified somatic variants with variant allele fractions ≥1% across the whole exome in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes of 21 treatment-naive MS patients with <5 years of disease duration and 16 partially age-matched healthy controls. We investigated the known somatic STAT3 variant p.Y640F in peripheral blood in a larger cohort of 446 MS patients and 259 controls. Results All subjects carried 1-142 variants in CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocytes. Variants were more common, more abundant, and increased with age in CD8+ T lymphocytes. Somatic variants were common in the genes DNMT3A and especially STAT3. Overall, the presence or abundance of somatic variants, including the STAT3 p.Y640F variant, did not differ between MS patients and controls. Conclusions Somatic variation in T lymphocyte subsets is widespread in both control individuals and MS patients. Somatic mosaicism in T lymphocyte subsets is not enriched in early MS and thus unlikely to contribute to MS risk, but future research needs to address whether a subset of variants influences disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Van Horebeek
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nina Dedoncker
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Dubois
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Goris
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,*Correspondence: An Goris,
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4
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Najar MA, Arefian M, Sidransky D, Gowda H, Prasad TSK, Modi PK, Chatterjee A. Tyrosine Phosphorylation Profiling Revealed the Signaling Network Characteristics of CAMKK2 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:854764. [PMID: 35646067 PMCID: PMC9136244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.854764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase which functions via the calcium-triggered signaling cascade with CAMK1, CAMK4, and AMPKα as the immediate downstream substrates. CAMKK2 is reported to be overexpressed in gastric cancer; however, its signaling mechanism is poorly understood. We carried out label-free quantitative tyrosine phosphoproteomics to investigate tyrosine-mediated molecular signaling associated with CAMKK2 in gastric cancer cells. Using a high-resolution Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Fourier-transform mass spectrometer, we identified 350 phosphotyrosine sites mapping to 157 proteins. We observed significant alterations in 81 phosphopeptides corresponding to 63 proteins upon inhibition of CAMKK2, among which 16 peptides were hyperphosphorylated corresponding to 13 proteins and 65 peptides were hypophosphorylated corresponding to 51 proteins. We report here that the inhibition of CAMKK2 leads to changes in the phosphorylation of several tyrosine kinases such as PKP2, PTK2, EPHA1, EPHA2, PRKCD, MAPK12, among others. Pathway analyses revealed that proteins are differentially phosphorylated in response to CAMKK2 inhibition involved in focal adhesions, actin cytoskeleton, axon guidance, and signaling by VEGF. The western blot analysis upon inhibition and/or silencing of CAMKK2 revealed a decrease in phosphorylation of PTK2 at Y925, c-JUN at S73, and STAT3 at Y705, which was in concordance with the mass spectrometry data. The study indicates that inhibition of CAMKK2 has an anti-oncogenic effect in gastric cells regulating phosphorylation of STAT3 through PTK2/c-JUN in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Altaf Najar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Mohammad Arefian
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Oncology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Prashant Kumar Modi, ; Aditi Chatterjee,
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Prashant Kumar Modi, ; Aditi Chatterjee,
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5
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Boulahtouf Z, Virzì A, Baumert TF, Verrier ER, Lupberger J. Signaling Induced by Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Dependence and Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052787. [PMID: 35269929 PMCID: PMC8911453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic viral hepatitis is a main cause of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are striking similarities in the pathological impact of hepatitis B, C, and D, although these diseases are caused by very different viruses. Paired with the conventional study of protein-host interactions, the rapid technological development of -omics and bioinformatics has allowed highlighting the important role of signaling networks in viral pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an integrated look on the three major viruses associated with chronic viral hepatitis in patients, summarizing similarities and differences in virus-induced cellular signaling relevant to the viral life cycles and liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Boulahtouf
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
| | - Alessia Virzì
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
- Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Eloi R. Verrier
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Araki T, Watanabe Y, Okada Y, Murakami H, Ogo N, Asai A. Identification of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 as a regulator of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. Exp Cell Res 2022; 413:113079. [PMID: 35202674 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays key roles in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and immunosuppression. In many human cancer cells, STAT3 is hyperactivated, which leads to tumor progression and drug resistance, and therefore STAT3 and its modulators are considered effective drug targets. However, the complex regulatory mechanisms of STAT3 have made it difficult to develop potent anticancer drugs that suppress its activity. Here, we report serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) as a novel regulator of STAT3 signaling and an effective target for combination therapy with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. We screened small molecules using a gain-of-function mutant of STAT3 resistant to JAK inhibition and found that an SGK1 inhibitor suppressed the constitutive activation of STAT3. Importantly, our results revealed that SGK1 also mediated the activation of wild-type STAT3. Further examination suggested that the tuberous sclerosis complex 2 and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway were involved in STAT3 activation by SGK1. Finally, we demonstrated that SGK1 inhibition enhanced the inhibitory effect of a JAK inhibitor on STAT3 phosphorylation and cancer cell proliferation. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of STAT3 activation and suggest SGK1 as a potential target for STAT3-targeted combination cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Araki
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; Discovery Technology Laboratories, Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuuki Watanabe
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; Public Affairs and Policy Department, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okada
- Sohyaku Project Planning & Management Department, Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Murakami
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Ogo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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7
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Diallo M, Herrera F. The role of understudied post-translational modifications for the behavior and function of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3. FEBS J 2021; 289:6235-6255. [PMID: 34235865 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors is involved in inflammation, immunity, development, cancer, and response to injury, among other biological phenomena. Canonical STAT signaling is often represented as a 3-step pathway involving the sequential activation of a membrane receptor, an intermediate kinase, and a STAT transcription factor. The rate-limiting phosphorylation at a highly conserved C-terminal tyrosine residue determines the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of STATs. This apparent simplicity is actually misleading and can hardly explain the pleiotropic nature of STATs, the existence of various noncanonical STAT pathways, or the key role of the N-terminal domain in STAT functions. More than 80 post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been identified for STAT3, but their functions remain barely understood. Here, we provide a brief but comprehensive overview of these underexplored PTMs and their role on STAT3 canonical and noncanonical functions. A less tyrosine-centric point of view may be required to advance our understanding of STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Diallo
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Cell Structure and Dynamics Laboratory, BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências integrativas, Lisbon, Portugal.,MOSTMICRO Research Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Federico Herrera
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Cell Structure and Dynamics Laboratory, BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências integrativas, Lisbon, Portugal.,MOSTMICRO Research Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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8
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Hromadová D, Elewaut D, Inman RD, Strobl B, Gracey E. From Science to Success? Targeting Tyrosine Kinase 2 in Spondyloarthritis and Related Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:685280. [PMID: 34290741 PMCID: PMC8287328 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.685280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a family of inflammatory arthritic diseases, which includes the prototypes of psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. SpA is commonly associated with systemic inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Immunological studies, murine models and the genetics of SpA all indicate a pathogenic role for the IL-23/IL-17 axis. Therapeutics targeting the IL-23/IL-17 pathway are successful at providing symptomatic relief, but may not provide complete protection against progression of arthritis. Thus there is still tremendous interest in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for SpA. Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the Janus kinases, which mediate intracellular signaling of cytokines via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation. TYK2 plays a crucial role in mediating IL-23 receptor signaling and STAT3 activation. A plethora of natural mutations in and around TYK2 have provided a wealth of data to associate this kinase with autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases in humans. Induced and natural mutations in murine Tyk2 largely support human data; however, key inter-species differences exist, which means extrapolation of data from murine models to humans needs to be done with caution. Despite these reservations, novel selective TYK2 inhibitors are now proving successful in advanced clinical trials of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss TYK2 from basic biology to therapeutic targeting, with an emphasis on studies in SpA. Seminal studies uncovering the basic science of TYK2 have provided sound foundations for targeting it in SpA and related inflammatory diseases. TYK2 inhibitors may well be the next blockbuster therapeutic for SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Hromadová
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert D. Inman
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric Gracey
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Molina MS, Hoffman EA, Stokes J, Kummet N, Smith KA, Baker F, Zúñiga TM, Simpson RJ, Katsanis E. Regulatory Dendritic Cells Induced by Bendamustine Are Associated With Enhanced Flt3 Expression and Alloreactive T-Cell Death. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699128. [PMID: 34249005 PMCID: PMC8264365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth factor Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) is central to dendritic cell (DC) homeostasis and development, controlling survival and expansion by binding to Flt3 receptor tyrosine kinase on the surface of DCs. In the context of hematopoietic cell transplantation, Flt3L has been found to suppress graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), specifically via host DCs. We previously reported that the pre-transplant conditioning regimen consisting of bendamustine (BEN) and total body irradiation (TBI) results in significantly reduced GvHD compared to cyclophosphamide (CY)+TBI. Pre-transplant BEN+TBI conditioning was also associated with greater Flt3 expression among host DCs and an accumulation of pre-cDC1s. Here, we demonstrate that exposure to BEN increases Flt3 expression on both murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) and human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). BEN favors development of murine plasmacytoid DCs, pre-cDC1s, and cDC2s. While humans do not have an identifiable equivalent to murine pre-cDC1s, exposure to BEN resulted in decreased plasmacytoid DCs and increased cDC2s. BEN exposure and heightened Flt3 signaling are associated with a distinct regulatory phenotype, with increased PD-L1 expression and decreased ICOS-L expression. BMDCs exposed to BEN exhibit diminished pro-inflammatory cytokine response to LPS and induce robust proliferation of alloreactive T-cells. These proliferative alloreactive T-cells expressed greater levels of PD-1 and underwent increased programmed cell death as the concentration of BEN exposure increased. Alloreactive CD4+ T-cell death may be attributable to pre-cDC1s and provides a potential mechanism by which BEN+TBI conditioning limits GvHD and yields T-cells tolerant to host antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Emely A Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jessica Stokes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Nicole Kummet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kyle A Smith
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Forrest Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Tiffany M Zúñiga
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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10
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STAT1 transcriptionally regulates the expression of S1PR1 by binding its promoter region. Gene 2020; 736:144417. [PMID: 32006593 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) plays a pivotal role in mediating trafficking and migration of immune cells. Previous reports also identify S1PR1 as an important susceptibility gene of asthma and other autoimmune disorders. However, little has been known about the regulatory mechanism of S1PR1 expression. Thus we systematically investigated the transcriptional regulation of S1PR1 in this study. Promoter activity of S1PR1 gene was carefully screened using series of pGL3-Basic reporter vectors, containing full length (range from transcription start site to upstream -1 kb region) or several truncated fragments of S1PR1 promoter. We identified an area (from -29 to -12 bp) of the S1PR1 promoter as the minimal promoter region. Bioinformatics prediction results showed that several transcription factors were recruited to these sites. EMSA and ChIP assays demonstrated the transcriptional factor STAT1 could bind to the region. We also found that the level of S1PR1 level was significantly reduced when STAT1 was knocked-down. Consistent with the reduction of S1PR1 caused by depletion of STAT1, overexpression of STAT1 resulted in up-regulation of S1PR1. In addition, both mRNA and protein levels of S1PR1 were increased when STAT1 was activated by IFN-γ, and decreased when STAT1 was inhibited by fludarabine. Besides, the levels of STAT1 and S1PR1 expression were positively correlated in peripheral blood leukocytes derived from 41 healthy individuals. Our study showed that transcription factor STAT1 could bind to upstream region of -29 bp to -12 bp of the S1PR1 promoter and stimulate the expression of S1PR1.
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Wöss K, Simonović N, Strobl B, Macho-Maschler S, Müller M. TYK2: An Upstream Kinase of STATs in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1728. [PMID: 31694222 PMCID: PMC6896190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we concentrate on the recent findings describing the oncogenic potential of the protein tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2). The overview on the current understanding of TYK2 functions in cytokine responses and carcinogenesis focusses on the activation of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 3 and 5. Insight gained from loss-of-function (LOF) gene-modified mice and human patients homozygous for Tyk2/TYK2-mutated alleles established the central role in immunological and inflammatory responses. For the description of physiological TYK2 structure/function relationships in cytokine signaling and of overarching molecular and pathologic properties in carcinogenesis, we mainly refer to the most recent reviews. Dysregulated TYK2 activation, aberrant TYK2 protein levels, and gain-of-function (GOF) TYK2 mutations are found in various cancers. We discuss the molecular consequences thereof and briefly describe the molecular means to counteract TYK2 activity under (patho-)physiological conditions by cellular effectors and by pharmacological intervention. For the role of TYK2 in tumor immune-surveillance we refer to the recent Special Issue of Cancers "JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in Cancer".
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; (K.W.); (N.S.); (B.S.); (S.M.-M.)
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Butler RM, McKenzie RC, Jones CL, Flanagan CE, Woollard WJ, Demontis M, Ferreira S, Tosi I, John S, Whittaker SJ, Mitchell TJ. Contribution of STAT3 and RAD23B in Primary Sézary Cells to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor FK228 Resistance. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1975-1984.e2. [PMID: 30910759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
FK228 (romidepsin) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat) are histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), including the leukemic subtype Sézary syndrome. This study investigates RAD23B and STAT3 gene perturbations in a large cohort of primary Sézary cells and the effect of FK228 treatment on tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 (pYSTAT3) and RAD23B expression. We report RAD23B copy number variation in 10% (12/119, P ≤ 0.01) of SS patients, associated with reduced mRNA expression (P = 0.04). RAD23B knockdown in a CTCL cell line led to a reduction in FK228-induced apoptosis. Histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment significantly reduced pYSTAT3 in primary Sézary cells and was partially mediated by RAD23B. A distinct pattern of RAD23B-pYSTAT3 co-expression in primary Sézary cells was detected. Critically, Sézary cells harboring the common STAT3 Y640F variant were less sensitive to FK228-induced apoptosis and exogenous expression of STAT3 Y640F, and D661Y conferred partial resistance to STAT3 transcriptional inhibition by FK228 (P ≤ 0.0024). These findings suggest that RAD23B and STAT3 gene perturbations could reduce sensitivity to histone deacetylase inhibitors in SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie M Butler
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robert C McKenzie
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christine L Jones
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Charlotte E Flanagan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Wesley J Woollard
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maria Demontis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Silvia Ferreira
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Isabella Tosi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Susan John
- Department of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sean J Whittaker
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tracey J Mitchell
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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