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Qadri O, Bashir S, Banday M, Hilal N, Majeed Y, Fatima NI, Pal D, Fazili KM. Tumour suppressor protein sMEK1 links to IRE1 signalling pathway to modulate its activity during ER stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119774. [PMID: 38838857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The Endoplasmic Reticulum is a pervasive, dynamic cellular organelle that performs a wide range of functions in the eukaryotic cell, including protein folding and maturation. Upon stress, ER activates an adaptive cellular pathway, namely Unfolded Protein Response, that transduces information from ER to nucleus, restoring homeostasis in the ER milieu. UPR consists of three membrane-tethered sensors; IRE1, PERK and ATF6. Among all the UPR sensors, the IRE1 branch acts as a central pathway that orchestrates several pathways to determine cell fate. However, the detailed knowledge underlying the whole process is not understood yet. Previously, we determined the sMEK1 as one of the interacting partners of IRE1. sMEK1 is a protein phosphatase, which has been indicated in a number of critical cellular functions like apoptosis, cell proliferation, and tumour suppression. In this study, we evaluated the role of sMEK1 on the IRE1 signalling pathway. Our data indicate that sMEK1 can inhibit IRE1 phosphorylation under ER stress. This inhibitory effect of sMEK1 could be reflected in its downstream effectors, Xbp1 and RIDD, which are downregulated in the presence of sMEK1. We also found that the repressing effect of sMEK1 was specific to the IRE1 signalling pathway and could be preserved even under prolonged ER stress. Our findings also indicate that sMEK1 can inhibit IRE1 and its downstream molecules under ER stress irrespective of other UPR sensors. These results help to draw the mechanistic details giving insights into different molecular connections of UPR with other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozaira Qadri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal J&K, India
| | - Samirul Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal J&K, India
| | - Mariam Banday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal J&K, India
| | - Nazia Hilal
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal J&K, India
| | - Younis Majeed
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal J&K, India
| | - Nida I Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal J&K, India
| | - Debnath Pal
- Department of Computational and Data Science (CDS), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India
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Zeissig MN, Hewett DR, Mrozik KM, Panagopoulos V, Wallington-Gates CT, Spencer A, Dold SM, Engelhardt M, Vandyke K, Zannettino ACW. Expression of the chemokine receptor CCR1 decreases sensitivity to bortezomib in multiple myeloma cell lines. Leuk Res 2024; 139:107469. [PMID: 38479337 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2024.107469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is one of the primary therapies used for the haematological malignancy multiple myeloma (MM). However, intrinsic or acquired resistance to bortezomib, via mechanisms that are not fully elucidated, is a barrier to successful treatment in many patients. Our previous studies have shown that elevated expression of the chemokine receptor CCR1 in MM plasma cells in newly diagnosed MM patients is associated with poor prognosis. Here, we hypothesised that the poor prognosis conferred by CCR1 expression is, in part, due to a CCR1-mediated decrease in MM plasma cell sensitivity to bortezomib. METHODS In order to investigate the role of CCR1 in MM cells, CCR1 was knocked out in human myeloma cell lines OPM2 and U266 using CRISPR-Cas9. Additionally, CCR1 was overexpressed in the mouse MM cell line 5TGM1. The effect of bortezomib on CCR1 knockout or CCR1-overexpressing cells was then assessed by WST-1 assay, with or without CCL3 siRNA knockdown or addition of recombinant human CCL3. NSG mice were inoculated intratibially with OPM2-CCR1KO cells and were treated with 0.7 mg/kg bortezomib or vehicle twice per week for 3 weeks and GFP+ tumour cells in the bone marrow were quantitated by flow cytometry. The effect of CCR1 overexpression or knockout on unfolded protein response pathways was assessed using qPCR for ATF4, HSPA5, XBP1, ERN1 and CHOP and Western blot for IRE1α and p-Jnk. RESULTS Using CCR1 overexpression or CRIPSR-Cas9-mediated CCR1 knockout in MM cell lines, we found that CCR1 expression significantly decreases sensitivity to bortezomib in vitro, independent of the CCR1 ligand CCL3. In addition, CCR1 knockout rendered the human MM cell line OPM2 more sensitive to bortezomib in an intratibial MM model in NSG mice in vivo. Moreover, CCR1 expression negatively regulated the expression of the unfolded protein response receptor IRE1 and downstream target gene XBP1, suggesting this pathway may be responsible for the decreased bortezomib sensitivity of CCR1-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these studies suggest that CCR1 expression may be associated with decreased response to bortezomib in MM cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara N Zeissig
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Duncan R Hewett
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Krzysztof M Mrozik
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vasilios Panagopoulos
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Craig T Wallington-Gates
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Health-Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandra M Dold
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Engelhardt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
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Wang P, Duckney P, Gao E, Hussey PJ, Kriechbaumer V, Li C, Zang J, Zhang T. Keep in contact: multiple roles of endoplasmic reticulum-membrane contact sites and the organelle interaction network in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:482-499. [PMID: 36651025 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Functional regulation and structural maintenance of the different organelles in plants contribute directly to plant development, reproduction and stress responses. To ensure these activities take place effectively, cells have evolved an interconnected network amongst various subcellular compartments, regulating rapid signal transduction and the exchange of biomaterial. Many proteins that regulate membrane connections have recently been identified in plants, and this is the first step in elucidating both the mechanism and function of these connections. Amongst all organelles, the endoplasmic reticulum is the key structure, which likely links most of the different subcellular compartments through membrane contact sites (MCS) and the ER-PM contact sites (EPCS) have been the most intensely studied in plants. However, the molecular composition and function of plant MCS are being found to be different from other eukaryotic systems. In this article, we will summarise the most recent advances in this field and discuss the mechanism and biological relevance of these essential links in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Patrick Duckney
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Erlin Gao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Patrick J Hussey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Endomembrane Structure and Function Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Chengyang Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingze Zang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Hassab LY, Abbas SS, Mohammed RA, Abdallah DM. Dimethyl fumarate abrogates striatal endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimentally induced late-stage Huntington’s disease: Focus on the IRE1α/JNK and PERK/CHOP trajectories. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1133863. [PMID: 37056990 PMCID: PMC10088517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1133863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is FDA-approved for use in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis, and it processes neuroprotection in several experimental settings; however, its impact on combating Huntington’s disease (HD) remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the role of DMF post-treatment on HD mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in a selective striatal degeneration HD model.Methods: Rats, exposed to 3-nitropropionic acid, were either left untreated or post-treated with DMF for 14 days.Results and Discussion: DMF reduced locomotion deficits in both the open field and beam walk paradigms, boosted the striatal dopamine (DA) content, improved its architecture at the microscopic level, and hindered astrogliosis. Mechanistically, DMF limited the activation of two of the ER stress arms in the striatum by reducing p-IRE1α, p-JNK, and p-PERK protein expressions besides the CHOP/GADD153 content. Downstream from both ER stress arms’ suppression, DMF inhibited the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, as shown by the decrease in Bax and active caspase-3 while raising Bcl-2. DMF also decreased oxidative stress markers indicated by a decline in both reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde while boosting glutathione. Meanwhile, it enhanced p-AKT to activate /phosphorylate mTOR and stimulate the CREB/BDNF/TrkB trajectory, which, in a positive feedforward loop, activates AKT again. DMF also downregulated the expression of miRNA-634, which negatively regulates AKT, to foster survival kinase activation.Conclusion: This study features a focal novel point on the DMF therapeutic ability to reduce HD motor manifestations via its ability to enhance DA and suppress the IRE1α/JNK and PERK/CHOP/GADD153 hubs to inhibit the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway through activating the AKT/mTOR and BDNF/TrkB/AKT/CREB signaling pathways and abating miRNA-634 and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Y. Hassab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah S. Abbas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Dalaal M. Abdallah,
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Means RE, Katz SG. Balancing life and death: BCL-2 family members at diverse ER-mitochondrial contact sites. FEBS J 2022; 289:7075-7112. [PMID: 34668625 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The outer mitochondrial membrane is a busy place. One essential activity for cellular survival is the regulation of membrane integrity by the BCL-2 family of proteins. Another critical facet of the outer mitochondrial membrane is its close approximation with the endoplasmic reticulum. These mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) occupy a significant fraction of the mitochondrial surface and serve as key signaling hubs for multiple cellular processes. Each of these pathways may be considered as forming their own specialized MAM subtype. Interestingly, like membrane permeabilization, most of these pathways play critical roles in regulating cellular survival and death. Recently, the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member BOK has been found within MAMs where it plays important roles in their structure and function. This has led to a greater appreciation that multiple BCL-2 family proteins, which are known to participate in numerous functions throughout the cell, also have roles within MAMs. In this review, we evaluate several MAM subsets, their role in cellular homeostasis, and the contribution of BCL-2 family members to their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Means
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Of particular interest for this topic are the signaling cascades that regulate cell survival and death, two opposite cell programs whose control is hijacked by viral infections. The AKT and the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) pathways, which maintain cell homeostasis by regulating these two programs, have been shown to be deregulated during SARS-CoVs infection as well as in the development of cancer, one of the most important comorbidities in relation to COVID-19. Recent evidence revealed two way crosstalk mechanisms between the AKT and the UPR pathways, suggesting that they might constitute a unified homeostatic control system. Here, we review the role of the AKT and UPR pathways and their interaction in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as in tumor onset and progression. Feedback regulation between AKT and UPR pathways emerges as a master control mechanism of cell decision making in terms of survival or death and therefore represents a key potential target for developing treatments for both viral infection and cancer. In particular, drug repositioning, the investigation of existing drugs for new therapeutic purposes, could significantly reduce time and costs compared to de novo drug discovery.
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7
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The Impact of Oxidative Stress and AKT Pathway on Cancer Cell Functions and Its Application to Natural Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091845. [PMID: 36139919 PMCID: PMC9495789 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT) are responsible for regulating several cell functions of cancer cells. Several natural products modulate both oxidative stress and AKT for anticancer effects. However, the impact of natural product-modulating oxidative stress and AKT on cell functions lacks systemic understanding. Notably, the contribution of regulating cell functions by AKT downstream effectors is not yet well integrated. This review explores the role of oxidative stress and AKT pathway (AKT/AKT effectors) on ten cell functions, including apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial morphogenesis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, DNA damage response, senescence, migration, and cell-cycle progression. The impact of oxidative stress and AKT are connected to these cell functions through cell function mediators. Moreover, the AKT effectors related to cell functions are integrated. Based on this rationale, natural products with the modulating abilities for oxidative stress and AKT pathway exhibit the potential to regulate these cell functions, but some were rarely reported, particularly for AKT effectors. This review sheds light on understanding the roles of oxidative stress and AKT pathway in regulating cell functions, providing future directions for natural products in cancer treatment.
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8
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Carreras-Sureda A, Kroemer G, Cardenas JC, Hetz C. Balancing energy and protein homeostasis at ER-mitochondria contact sites. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabm7524. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abm7524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle of the cell and participates in multiple essential functions, including the production of secretory proteins, lipid synthesis, and calcium storage. Sustaining proteostasis requires an intimate coupling with energy production. Mitochondrial respiration evolved to be functionally connected to ER physiology through a physical interface between both organelles known as mitochondria-associated membranes. This quasi-synaptic structure acts as a signaling hub that tunes the function of both organelles in a bidirectional manner and controls proteostasis, cell death pathways, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Here, we discuss the main signaling mechanisms governing interorganellar communication and their putative role in diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julio Cesar Cardenas
- Center for Integrative Biology, Mayor University, 7510041 Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism, 70086 Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism, 70086 Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, University of Chile, 70086 Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, 70086 Santiago, Chile
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9
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Bai G, Wang H, Cui N. mTOR pathway mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced CD4 + T cell apoptosis in septic mice. Apoptosis 2022; 27:740-750. [PMID: 35759162 PMCID: PMC9482898 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been well documented to participate in the pathophysiological processes of apoptosis in many diseases. Inhibition of ERS ameliorates pathological organ injury. However, the upstream signaling pathways and molecular regulatory mechanisms of which are still unknown. mTOR, an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase, is a key regulator of apoptosis. Hence, in this study, a classical cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model was constructed by using the T cell-specific knockout mTOR and TSC1 (Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, the inhibitor of mTOR signaling pathway) mice to explore the underlying signaling pathway and molecular mechanism of host immune imbalance caused by apoptosis in sepsis. We found that mTOR may modulate septic T cell apoptosis by regulating Akt-IRE1-JNK pathway. To further clarify the possible mechanism, the specific inhibitors of PI3K-Akt and IRE1-JNK were used to intervene in mice before/after CLP, respectively. By analyzing the proteins of mTOR-ERS signaling pathway and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and genes, we found that mTOR mediated the ER stress induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis in Septic mice by negatively regulating the Akt-IRE1-JNK-Caspase 3 signaling cascades. These results indicate that mTOR-Akt-IRE1α-JNK signaling pathway mediated the Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis in Septic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Bai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Na Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China.
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10
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Potential role of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins in diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115011. [PMID: 35314166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) are dynamic membrane coupling regions formed by the coupling of the mitochondrial outer membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). MAMs are involved in the mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, Ca2+ exchange, and ER stress. A large number of studies indicate that many proteins are involved in the formation of MAMs, including dynamic-related protein 1 (Drp1), DJ-1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK), α-synuclein (α-syn), sigma-1 receptor (S1R), mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), presenilin-1 (PS1), protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), Parkin, Cyclophilin D (CypD), glucose-related protein 75 (Grp75), FUN14 domain containing 1 (Fundc1), vesicle-associated membrane-protein-associated protein B (VAPB), phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS-2), ER oxidoreductin 1 (Ero1), and receptor expression-enhancing protein 1 (REEP1). These proteins play an important role in the structure and functions of the MAMs. Abnormalities in these MAM proteins further contribute to the occurrence and development of related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, non-alcoholicfattyliverdisease (NALFD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and diabetic kidney (DN). In this review, we introduce important proteins involved in the structure and the functions of the MAMs. Furthermore, we effectively summarize major insights about these proteins that are involved in the physiopathology of several diseases through the effect on MAMs.
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Yang Y, Fan X, Ji Y, Li J, Dai Z, Wu Z. Glycine represses endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis and improves intestinal barrier by activating mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:1-9. [PMID: 34977370 PMCID: PMC8669258 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been associated with the dysfunction of intestinal barrier in humans and animals. We have previously shown that oral administration of glycine to suckling-piglets improves ER stress-related intestinal mucosal barrier impairment and jejunal epithelial apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the protective effect and the mechanism of glycine on apoptosis and dysfunction in intestinal barrier induced by brefeldin A (BFA), an ER stress inducer, was explored in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1). The results showed that BFA treatment led to enhanced apoptosis and upregulation of proteins involved in ER stress signaling, including inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP). In addition, BFA induced a dysfunction in intestinal epithelial barrier, as evidenced by the increased paracellular permeability, decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and reduced abundance of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, zonula occludens [ZO]-1, and ZO-2). These alterations triggered by BFA were significantly abolished by glycine treatment (P < 0.05), indicating a protective effect of glycine on barrier function impaired by ER stress. Importantly, we found that the regulatory effect of glycine on intestinal permeability, proteins implicated in ER stress and apoptosis, as well as the morphological alterations of the ER were reversed by rapamycin. In summary, our results indicated that glycine alleviates ER stress-induced apoptosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction in IPEC-1 cells in a mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent manner. The data provides in vitro evidence and a mechanism for the protective effect of glycine against the disruption of intestinal barrier integrity induced by ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ju Li
- Henan Yinfa Animal Husbandry Co., Xinzheng, Henan, 451100, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Angelos E, Brandizzi F. The UPR regulator IRE1 promotes balanced organ development by restricting TOR-dependent control of cellular differentiation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1229-1248. [PMID: 34902186 PMCID: PMC8978258 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is controlled by sophisticated signaling pathways that are collectively called the unfolded protein response (UPR) and are initiated by specialized ER membrane-associated sensors. The evidence that complete loss-of-function mutations of the most conserved of the UPR sensors, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), dysregulates tissue growth and development in metazoans and plants raises the fundamental question as to how IRE1 is connected to organismal growth. To address this question, we interrogated the Arabidopsis primary root, an established model for organ development, using the tractable Arabidopsis IRE1 mutant ire1a ire1b, which has marked root development defects in the absence of exogenous stress. We demonstrate that IRE1 is required to reach maximum rates of cell elongation and root growth. We also established that in the actively growing ire1a ire1b mutant root tips the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase, a widely conserved pro-growth regulator, is hyperactive, and that, unlike cell proliferation, the rate of cell differentiation is enhanced in ire1a ire1b in a TOR-dependent manner. By functionally connecting two essential growth regulators, these results underpin a novel and critical role of IRE1 in organ development and indicate that, as cells exit an undifferentiated state, IRE1 is required to monitor TOR activity to balance cell expansion and maturation during organ biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Angelos
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- For correspondence ()
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13
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Zaky DA, Eldehna WM, El Kerdawy AM, Abdallah DM, El Abhar HS, Wadie W. Recombinant human growth hormone improves the immune status of rats with septic encephalopathy: The role of VEGFR2 in the prevalence of endoplasmic reticulum stress repair module. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108370. [PMID: 34794887 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Septic encephalopathy results from the intense reaction of the immune system to infection. The role of growth hormone (GH) signaling in maintaining brain function is well established; however, the involvement of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) in the potential modulatory effect of GH on septic encephalopathy-associated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is not well-understood. Therefore, after the induction of mid-grade sepsis by cecal ligation/perforation, rats were subcutaneously injected with recombinant human GH (rhGH)/somatropin alone or preceded by the VEGFR2 antagonist WAG-4S for 7 days. rhGH/somatropin reduced bodyweight loss and plasma endotoxin, maintained the hyperthermic state, and improved motor/memory functions. Additionally, rhGH/somatropin increased the junctional E-cadherin and β-catenin pool in the cerebral cortex to enhance the BBB competency, effects that were abolished by VEGFR2 blockade. Also, it activated cortical VEGFR2/mammalian target of the Rapamycin (mTOR) axis to mitigate ERS. The latter was reflected by the deactivation of the inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α)/spliced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1s) trajectory and the reduction in the protein levels of the death markers, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)/growth arrest and DNA damage-153 (GADD153), c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), and caspase-3 with the simultaneous augmentation of expression of the unfolded protein response transducer proteinkinaseR-like ERkinase (PERK). Furthermore, rhGH/somatropin suppressed the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF2α), upregulated the gene expression of activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4), GADD34, and glucose-regulated protein-78/binding immunoglobulin (GRP78/Bip). Moreover, it increased the glutathione level and reduced lipid peroxidation in the cerebral cortex. The VEGFR2 antagonist reversed the effect of rhGH/somatropin on PERK and IRE1α and boosted the apoptotic markers but neither affected p-eIF2α nor GADD34. Hence, we conclude that VEGFR2 activation by rhGH/somatropin plays a crucial role in assembling the BBB adherens junctions via its antioxidant capacity, ERS relief, and reducing endotoxemia in septic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt.
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, P.O. Box 11835, Egypt
| | - Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
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14
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Nie X, Ricupero CL, Jiao K, Yang P, Mao JJ. mTOR deletion in neural crest cells disrupts cardiac outflow tract remodeling and causes a spectrum of cardiac defects through the mTORC1 pathway. Dev Biol 2021; 477:241-250. [PMID: 34052210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A critical cell type participating in cardiac outflow tract development is a subpopulation of the neural crest cells, the cardiac neural crest cells (NCCs), whose defect causes a spectrum of cardiovascular abnormalities. Accumulating evidence indicates that mTOR, which belongs to the PI3K-related kinase family and impacts multiple signaling pathways in a variety of contexts, plays a pivotal role for NCC development. Here, we investigated functional roles of mTOR for cardiac neural crest development using several lines of mouse genetic models. We found that disruption of mTOR caused NCC defects and failure of cardiac outflow tract separation, which resulted in a spectrum of cardiac defects including persistent truncus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect and ventricular wall defect. Specifically, mutant neural crest cells showed reduced migration into the cardiac OFT and prematurely exited the cell cycle. A number of critical factors and fundamental signaling pathways, which are important for neural crest and cardiomyocyte development, were impaired. Moreover, actin dynamics was disrupted by mTOR deletion. Finally, by phenotyping the neural crest Rptor and Rictor knockout mice respectively, we demonstrate that mTOR acts principally through the mTORC1 pathway for cardiac neural crest cells. Altogether, these data established essential roles of mTOR for cardiac NCC development and imply that dysregulation of mTOR in NCCs may underline a spectrum of cardiac defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Nie
- Center for Birth Defects Research,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Christopher L Ricupero
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Center for Birth Defects Research,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy J Mao
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Shi Y, Lu Y, You J. Unfolded protein response in the activation-induced biological processes of CD8 + T cells. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105654. [PMID: 33964469 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As the central part of cellular immunity, primed CD8+ T cells go through different phases of response including activation, clonal expansion, contraction and steady-state turnover, which is accompanied by a fluctuating level of endoplasmic reticulum stress that leads to the elicitation of unfolded protein response (UPR). In turn, UPR casts profound impacts on the activation-induced biological processes of CD8+ T cells, which may greatly determine the magnitude and quality of T-cell based immunity. However, current understanding of the interconnectivity between UPR and T cell-biology is not comprehensive, with details of manipulation largely unexplored. In this review, the molecular basis of UPR involved in different stages of activated CD8+ T cells and its immunological significance are discussed, with potential strategies of regulation proposed, which may provide instructive guidance for the design and optimization of T cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuha ngtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yichao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuha ngtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuha ngtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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16
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Amodio G, Pagliara V, Moltedo O, Remondelli P. Structural and Functional Significance of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response Transducers and Chaperones at the Mitochondria-ER Contacts: A Cancer Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641194. [PMID: 33842465 PMCID: PMC8033034 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has emerged as a key coordinator of cellular homeostasis, thanks to its physical interconnection to almost all intracellular organelles. In particular, an intense and mutual crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria occurs at the mitochondria–ER contacts (MERCs). MERCs ensure a fine-tuned regulation of fundamental cellular processes, involving cell fate decision, mitochondria dynamics, metabolism, and proteostasis, which plays a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis and therapeutic response of cancer cells. Intriguingly, recent studies have shown that different components of the unfolded protein response (UPR) machinery, including PERK, IRE1α, and ER chaperones, localize at MERCs. These proteins appear to exhibit multifaceted roles that expand beyond protein folding and UPR transduction and are often related to the control of calcium fluxes to the mitochondria, thus acquiring relevance to cell survival and death. In this review, we highlight the novel functions played by PERK, IRE1α, and ER chaperones at MERCs focusing on their impact on tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Amodio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valentina Pagliara
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Ornella Moltedo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Paolo Remondelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
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17
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Torres W, Nava M, Galbán N, Gómez Y, Morillo V, Rojas M, Cano C, Chacín M, D Marco L, Herazo Y, Velasco M, Bermúdez V, Rojas-Quintero J. Anti-Aging Effect of Metformin: A Molecular and Therapeutical Perspective. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4496-4508. [PMID: 32674728 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200716161610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a time-dependent inevitable process, in which cellular homeostasis is affected, which has an impact on tissue function. This represents a risk factor for the development of numerous non-transmissible diseases. In consequence, the scientific community continues to search for therapeutic measures capable of improving quality of life and delaying cellular aging. At the center of this research is metformin, a widely used drug in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus treatment that has a reduced adverse effects profile. Furthermore, there is evidence that this drug has beneficial health effects that go beyond its anti-hyperglycemic properties. Among these effects, its geronto-protection capability stands out. There is growing evidence that points out to an increased life expectancy as well as the quality of life in model organisms treated with metformin. Therefore, there is an abundance of research centered on elucidating the mechanism through which metformin has its anti-aging effects. Among these, the AMPK, mTORC1, SIRT1, FOXO, NF.kB, and DICER1 pathways can be mentioned. Furthermore, studies have highlighted the possibility of a role for the gut microbiome in these processes. The next step is the design of clinical essays that have as a goal evaluating the efficacy and safety of metformin as an anti-aging drug in humans to create a paradigm in the medical horizon. The question being if metformin is, in fact, the new antiaging therapy in humans?
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Affiliation(s)
- Wheeler Torres
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Nestor Galbán
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Yosselin Gómez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Valery Morillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Luis D Marco
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Nephrology Department, Valencia, España
| | - Yaneth Herazo
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Clinical Pharmacologic Unit, Vargas School of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas,
Venezuela
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Pluquet O, Abbadie C. Cellular senescence and tumor promotion: Role of the Unfolded Protein Response. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 150:285-334. [PMID: 33858599 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular state which can be viewed as a stress response phenotype implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Therefore, it is of fundamental importance to understand why and how a cell acquires and maintains a senescent phenotype. Direct evidence has pointed to the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum whose control appears strikingly affected during senescence. The endoplasmic reticulum is one of the sensing organelles that transduce signals between different pathways in order to adapt a functional proteome upon intrinsic or extrinsic challenges. One of these signaling pathways is the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), which has been shown to be activated during senescence. Its exact contribution to senescence onset, maintenance, and escape, however, is still poorly understood. In this article, we review the mechanisms through which the UPR contributes to the appearance and maintenance of characteristic senescent features. We also discuss whether the perturbation of the endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis or accumulation of misfolded proteins could be possible causes of senescence, and-as a consequence-to what extent the UPR components could be considered as therapeutic targets allowing for the elimination of senescent cells or altering their secretome to prevent neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pluquet
- Univ Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.
| | - Corinne Abbadie
- Univ Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
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19
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Kumar V, Maity S. ER Stress-Sensor Proteins and ER-Mitochondrial Crosstalk-Signaling Beyond (ER) Stress Response. Biomolecules 2021; 11:173. [PMID: 33525374 PMCID: PMC7911976 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies undoubtedly show the importance of inter organellar connections to maintain cellular homeostasis. In normal physiological conditions or in the presence of cellular and environmental stress, each organelle responds alone or in coordination to maintain cellular function. The Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are two important organelles with very specialized structural and functional properties. These two organelles are physically connected through very specialized proteins in the region called the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM). The molecular foundation of this relationship is complex and involves not only ion homeostasis through the shuttling of calcium but also many structural and apoptotic proteins. IRE1alpha and PERK are known for their canonical function as an ER stress sensor controlling unfolded protein response during ER stress. The presence of these transmembrane proteins at the MAM indicates its potential involvement in other biological functions beyond ER stress signaling. Many recent studies have now focused on the non-canonical function of these sensors. In this review, we will focus on ER mitochondrial interdependence with special emphasis on the non-canonical role of ER stress sensors beyond ER stress.
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20
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Moncan M, Mnich K, Blomme A, Almanza A, Samali A, Gorman AM. Regulation of lipid metabolism by the unfolded protein response. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1359-1370. [PMID: 33398919 PMCID: PMC7875919 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of protein folding and secretion, Ca2+ storage and lipid synthesis in eukaryotic cells. Disruption to protein folding or Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER leads to the accumulation of unfolded proteins, a condition known as ER stress. This leads to activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway in order to restore protein homeostasis. Three ER membrane proteins, namely inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), protein kinase RNA‐like ER kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), sense the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins and are activated, initiating an integrated transcriptional programme. Recent literature demonstrates that activation of these sensors can alter lipid enzymes, thus implicating the UPR in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Given the presence of ER stress and UPR activation in several diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the growing recognition of altered lipid metabolism in disease, it is timely to consider the role of the UPR in the regulation of lipid metabolism. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the impact of the three arms of the UPR on the synthesis, function and regulation of fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Moncan
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Mnich
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Arnaud Blomme
- Laboratory of Cancer Signaling, GIGA-institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aitor Almanza
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adrienne M Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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21
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Hamid SM, Citir M, Terzi EM, Cimen I, Yildirim Z, Dogan AE, Kocaturk B, Onat UI, Arditi M, Weber C, Traynor-Kaplan A, Schultz C, Erbay E. Inositol-requiring enzyme-1 regulates phosphoinositide signaling lipids and macrophage growth. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e51462. [PMID: 33140520 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ER-bound kinase/endoribonuclease (RNase), inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), regulates the phylogenetically most conserved arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the complex biology and pathology regulated by mammalian IRE1 cannot be fully explained by IRE1's one known, specific RNA target, X box-binding protein-1 (XBP1) or the RNA substrates of IRE1-dependent RNA degradation (RIDD) activity. Investigating other specific substrates of IRE1 kinase and RNase activities may illuminate how it performs these diverse functions in mammalian cells. We report that macrophage IRE1 plays an unprecedented role in regulating phosphatidylinositide-derived signaling lipid metabolites and has profound impact on the downstream signaling mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). This cross-talk between UPR and mTOR pathways occurs through the unconventional maturation of microRNA (miR) 2137 by IRE1's RNase activity. Furthermore, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) phosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3 ) 5-phosphatase-2 (INPPL1) is a direct target of miR-2137, which controls PI(3,4,5)P3 levels in macrophages. The modulation of cellular PI(3,4,5)P3 /PIP2 ratio and anabolic mTOR signaling by the IRE1-induced miR-2137 demonstrates how the ER can provide a critical input into cell growth decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mevlut Citir
- The Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erdem Murat Terzi
- Department of Pathology, Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ismail Cimen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU Munich, German Cardiovascular Research Centre, partner site Munich Heart Alliance Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zehra Yildirim
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Ekin Dogan
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Begum Kocaturk
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Umut Inci Onat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU Munich, German Cardiovascular Research Centre, partner site Munich Heart Alliance Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexis Traynor-Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,ATK Innovation, Analytics and Discovery, North Bend, WA, USA
| | - Carsten Schultz
- The Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ebru Erbay
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Britto FA, Dumas K, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Ollendorff V, Favier FB. Is REDD1 a metabolic double agent? Lessons from physiology and pathology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C807-C824. [PMID: 32877205 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00340.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway governs macromolecule synthesis, cell growth, and metabolism in response to nutrients and growth factors. Regulated in development and DNA damage response (REDD)1 is a conserved and ubiquitous protein, which is transiently induced in response to multiple stimuli. Acting like an endogenous inhibitor of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, REDD1 protein has been shown to regulate cell growth, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Recent studies also indicate that timely REDD1 expression limits Akt/mTOR-dependent synthesis processes to spare energy during metabolic stresses, avoiding energy collapse and detrimental consequences. In contrast to this beneficial role for metabolic adaptation, REDD1 chronic expression appears involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Indeed, REDD1 expression is found as an early biomarker in many pathologies including inflammatory diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, depression, diabetes, and obesity. Moreover, prolonged REDD1 expression is associated with cell apoptosis, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inflammation activation leading to tissue damage. In this review, we decipher several mechanisms that make REDD1 a likely metabolic double agent depending on its duration of expression in different physiological and pathological contexts. We also discuss the role played by REDD1 in the cross talk between the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and the energetic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Dumas
- Université Cote d'Azur, INSERM, UMR1065, C3M, Nice, France
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23
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Zaky DA, Wadie W, Eldehna WM, El Kerdawy AM, Abdallah DM, El Abhar HS. Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response in gut-origin encephalopathy: Impact of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 manipulation. Life Sci 2020; 252:117654. [PMID: 32277979 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septic encephalopathy, the most frequent complication of sepsis, is orchestrated by a complex interplay of signals that leads to high mortality rates among intensive care unit patients. However, the role of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) in endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR), during septic encephalopathy, is still elusive. AIM This study was aimed to examine the effect of an in-house designed/synthesized VEGFR2 antagonist, named WAG4S, on septic encephalopathy using cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). MAIN METHODS Rats were intraperitoneally injected with WAG-4S (1 mg/kg/d) for 7 days post-CLP. KEY FINDINGS In septic animals, VEGFR2 antagonism declined the expression of cortical p-VEGFR2 and p-mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (p-mTORC1). It also worsened the behavioral and histopathological alterations beyond CLP. However, and contrary to CLP, WAG-4S decreased the p-protein kinase R-like ER kinase (p-PERK) and eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (p-eIF2α) expression. Moreover, VEGFR2 blockade upregulated the mRNA expression of activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4), binding immunoglobulin protein/glucose-regulated protein-78 (Bip/GRP78), growth arrest and DNA damage-34 (GADD34) and spliced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1s) above CLP. Similarly, it boosted inositol requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) activation and redox imbalance. In the same context, WAG-4S augmented the protein levels of CLP-induced ERSR apoptotic markers, namely C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP/GADD153), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and caspase-3. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, the PERK/eIF2α axis inhibition, during septic encephalopathy, is VEGFR2-independent, whereas the activated IRE1α/XBP1s/CHOP/JNK/caspase-3 cue promotes the ERSR execution module through VEGFR2 inhibition. This has turned VEGFR2 into a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating such an ailment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt.
| | - Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, P.O. Box 11835, Egypt
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24
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Higuchi-Sanabria R, Shen K, Kelet N, Frankino PA, Durieux J, Bar-Ziv R, Sing CN, Garcia EJ, Homentcovschi S, Sanchez M, Wu R, Tronnes SU, Joe L, Webster B, Ahilon-Jeronimo A, Monshietehadi S, Dallarda S, Pender C, Pon LA, Zoncu R, Dillin A. Lysosomal recycling of amino acids affects ER quality control. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz9805. [PMID: 32637599 PMCID: PMC7319768 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz9805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent work has highlighted the fact that lysosomes are a critical signaling hub of metabolic processes, providing fundamental building blocks crucial for anabolic functions. How lysosomal functions affect other cellular compartments is not fully understood. Here, we find that lysosomal recycling of the amino acids lysine and arginine is essential for proper ER quality control through the UPRER. Specifically, loss of the lysine and arginine amino acid transporter LAAT-1 results in increased sensitivity to proteotoxic stress in the ER and decreased animal physiology. We find that these LAAT-1-dependent effects are linked to glycine metabolism and transport and that the loss of function of the glycine transporter SKAT-1 also increases sensitivity to ER stress. Direct lysine and arginine supplementation, or glycine supplementation alone, can ameliorate increased ER stress sensitivity found in laat-1 mutants. These data implicate a crucial role in recycling lysine, arginine, and glycine in communication between the lysosome and ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Koning Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Naame Kelet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Phillip A. Frankino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Jenni Durieux
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Raz Bar-Ziv
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Cierra N. Sing
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Enrique J. Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stefan Homentcovschi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Melissa Sanchez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Sarah U. Tronnes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Larry Joe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Brant Webster
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Alex Ahilon-Jeronimo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Samira Monshietehadi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Sofia Dallarda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Corinne Pender
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Liza A. Pon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
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25
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Igwebuike C, Yaglom J, Huiting L, Feng H, Campbell JD, Wang Z, Havasi A, Pimentel D, Sherman MY, Borkan SC. Cross organelle stress response disruption promotes gentamicin-induced proteotoxicity. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:217. [PMID: 32245975 PMCID: PMC7125232 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin is a nephrotoxic antibiotic that causes acute kidney injury (AKI) primarily by targeting the proximal tubule epithelial cell. The development of an effective therapy for gentamicin-induced renal cell injury is limited by incomplete mechanistic insight. To address this challenge, we propose that RNAi signal pathway screening could identify a unifying mechanism of gentamicin-induced cell injury and suggest a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate it. Computational analysis of RNAi signal screens in gentamicin-exposed human proximal tubule cells suggested the cross-organelle stress response (CORE), the unfolded protein response (UPR), and cell chaperones as key targets of gentamicin-induced injury. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effect of gentamicin on the CORE, UPR, and cell chaperone function, and tested the therapeutic efficacy of enhancing cell chaperone content. Early gentamicin exposure disrupted the CORE, evidenced by a rise in the ATP:ADP ratio, mitochondrial-specific H2O2 accumulation, Drp-1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation, and endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial dissociation. CORE disruption preceded measurable increases in whole-cell oxidative stress, misfolded protein content, transcriptional UPR activation, and its untoward downstream effects: CHOP expression, PARP cleavage, and cell death. Geranylgeranylacetone, a therapeutic that increases cell chaperone content, prevented mitochondrial H2O2 accumulation, preserved the CORE, reduced the burden of misfolded proteins and CHOP expression, and significantly improved survival in gentamicin-exposed cells. We identify CORE disruption as an early and remediable cause of gentamicin proteotoxicity that precedes downstream UPR activation and cell death. Preserving the CORE significantly improves renal cell survival likely by reducing organelle-specific proteotoxicity during gentamicin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Yaglom
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, MA, USA
- Ariel University, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel, West Bank, Israel
| | - Leah Huiting
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Computational Biomedicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Renal Section, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Havasi
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Renal Section, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Pimentel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Y Sherman
- Ariel University, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel, West Bank, Israel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven C Borkan
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Renal Section, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Kerr SR, Katz SG. Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response Pathway in Cytotoxic T Cells: A Comparison Between in vitro Stimulation, Infection, and the Tumor Microenvironment. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:675-685. [PMID: 31866782 PMCID: PMC6913815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IRE1α is an extremely conserved intracellular receptor that regulates one branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Homologs of IRE1α are found virtually throughout all eukaryotes. This receptor plays a pivotal role in a cell's reaction to stress, determining whether to take compensatory measures and survive or undergo apoptosis and die. While the role of the unfolded protein response in lower organisms and secretory cells has been comprehensively studied, the precise role of IRE1α in the context of cytotoxic T cells has only begun to be elucidated within the past decade. This review discusses what is known about IRE1α and the unfolded protein response in cytotoxic T cells within the context of development, pathogen response, and cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel G. Katz
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Samuel G. Katz, M.D., Ph.D., Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, LH315B, New Haven, CT, 06520; Tel: 203-785-2757, Fax: 203-785-6127,
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27
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Ghosh JC, Seo JH, Agarwal E, Wang Y, Kossenkov AV, Tang HY, Speicher DW, Altieri DC. Akt phosphorylation of mitochondrial Lonp1 protease enables oxidative metabolism and advanced tumor traits. Oncogene 2019; 38:6926-6939. [PMID: 31406245 PMCID: PMC6814529 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor mitochondria have heightened protein folding quality control, but the regulators of this process and how they impact cancer traits are not completely understood. Here we show that the ATP-directed mitochondrial protease, LonP1 is upregulated by stress conditions, including hypoxia, in tumor, but not normal cells. In mitochondria, LonP1 is phosphorylated by Akt on Ser173 and Ser181, enhancing its protease activity. Interference with this pathway induces accumulation of misfolded subunits of electron transport chain complex II and complex V, resulting in impaired oxidative bioenergetics and heightened ROS production. Functionally, this suppresses mitochondrial trafficking to the cortical cytoskeleton, shuts off tumor cell migration and invasion, and inhibits primary and metastatic tumor growth, in vivo. These data identify LonP1 as a key effector of mitochondrial reprogramming in cancer and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish C Ghosh
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jae Ho Seo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ekta Agarwal
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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28
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Zhao H, Chen G, Liang H. Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, XL765, suppresses glioblastoma growth by inducing ER stress-dependent apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5415-5424. [PMID: 31360067 PMCID: PMC6625605 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Deregulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR signaling commonly exists in glioblastoma (GBM), making this axis an attractive target for therapeutic manipulation. A recent dual inhibitor of PI3K/mTOR pathway, XL765, exhibited an attractive suppression effect on GBM tumor growth. However, the exact functional mechanisms of tumor suppression mediated by XL765 have not yet been fully characterized. Purpose: In this study, we took efforts to assess the effects of PI3K/mTOR blockade by XL765 on GBM growth in vitro and in vivo. Methods: We analyzed the cytotoxicity of XL765 in three different GBM cell lines, A172, U87MG, and T98G, by using Hoechst 33258 (Invitrogen), Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI), as well as Cell Counting Kit -8 (CCK‐8) assay. We also used A172 xenograft model to study the effect of XL765 in vivo. Results: We found that XL765 inhibits GBM viability with a wide range of potencies. Importantly, XL765 suppressed GBM cell growth by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress dependent apoptosis. The activation of CHOP/DR5 pathway by XL765 induced ER stress is responsible for the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, the inhibition of mTOR signal by XL765 is the major source of ER stress, rather than inhibition of PI3K. At last, we demonstrated that combination of XL765 with GMB chemotherapeutic drug, temozolomide (TMZ), can achieved better therapy effect in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Overall, our data show that targeting PI3K/mTOR by XL765 is a promising therapeutic strategy to relieve tumor burden in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxin Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, People's Republic of China
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29
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Tavernier Q, Bennana E, Poindessous V, Schaeffer C, Rampoldi L, Pietrancosta N, Pallet N. Regulation of IRE1 RNase activity by the Ribonuclease inhibitor 1 (RNH1). Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1901-1916. [PMID: 30109813 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1506655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress depends on the activation of the sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1), an endoribonuclease that splices the mRNA of the transcription factor XBP1 (X-box-binding protein 1). To better understand the protein network that regulates the activity of the IRE1 pathway, we systematically screened the proteins that interact with IRE1 and identified a ribonuclease inhibitor called ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1 (RNH1). RNH1 is a leucine-rich repeat domains-containing protein that binds to and inhibits ribonucleases. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed this interaction. Docking experiments indicated that RNH1 physically interacts with IRE1 through its cytosolic RNase domain. Upon ER stress, the interaction of RNH1 with IRE1 in the ER increased at the expense of the nuclear pool of RNH1. Inhibition of RNH1 expression using siRNA mediated RNA interference upon ER stress led to an increased splicing activity of XBP1. Modulation of IRE1 RNase activity by RNH1 was recapitulated in a cell-free system, suggesting direct regulation of IRE1 by RNH. We conclude that RNH1 attenuates the activity of IRE1 by interacting with its ribonuclease domain. These findings have implications for understanding the molecular mechanism by which IRE1 signaling is attenuated upon ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Tavernier
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1147 , Paris , France.,b Paris Descartes University , Paris , France
| | - Evangeline Bennana
- b Paris Descartes University , Paris , France.,c 3P5 Proteomic facility, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité , Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France
| | - Virginie Poindessous
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1147 , Paris , France.,b Paris Descartes University , Paris , France
| | - Celine Schaeffer
- d Molecular Genetics of Renal Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology , IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Luca Rampoldi
- d Molecular Genetics of Renal Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology , IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- b Paris Descartes University , Paris , France.,e Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) U8601 , Paris , France.,f Team Chemistry and Biology, Modeling & Immunology for Therapy , CBMIT, 2MI Platform , Paris , France
| | - Nicolas Pallet
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1147 , Paris , France.,b Paris Descartes University , Paris , France.,g Clinical Chemistry Department , Hôpital Européen Gorges Pompidou, APHP , Paris , France.,h Plate-forme Proteomique 3P5 , Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite , Paris , France
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30
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Britto FA, Cortade F, Belloum Y, Blaquière M, Gallot YS, Docquier A, Pagano AF, Jublanc E, Bendridi N, Koechlin-Ramonatxo C, Chabi B, Francaux M, Casas F, Freyssenet D, Rieusset J, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Carnac G, Ollendorff V, Favier FB. Glucocorticoid-dependent REDD1 expression reduces muscle metabolism to enable adaptation under energetic stress. BMC Biol 2018; 16:65. [PMID: 29895328 PMCID: PMC5998563 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common feature of numerous chronic pathologies and is correlated with patient mortality. The REDD1 protein is currently recognized as a negative regulator of muscle mass through inhibition of the Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway. REDD1 expression is notably induced following glucocorticoid secretion, which is a component of energy stress responses. Results Unexpectedly, we show here that REDD1 instead limits muscle loss during energetic stresses such as hypoxia and fasting by reducing glycogen depletion and AMPK activation. Indeed, we demonstrate that REDD1 is required to decrease O2 and ATP consumption in skeletal muscle via reduction of the extent of mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), a central hub connecting energy production by mitochondria and anabolic processes. In fact, REDD1 inhibits ATP-demanding processes such as glycogen storage and protein synthesis through disruption of the Akt/Hexokinase II and PRAS40/mTORC1 signaling pathways in MAMs. Our results uncover a new REDD1-dependent mechanism coupling mitochondrial respiration and anabolic processes during hypoxia, fasting, and exercise. Conclusions Therefore, REDD1 is a crucial negative regulator of energy expenditure that is necessary for muscle adaptation during energetic stresses. This present study could shed new light on the role of REDD1 in several pathologies associated with energetic metabolism alteration, such as cancer, diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0525-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marine Blaquière
- PHYMEDEXP, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHRU of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Nadia Bendridi
- INSERM UMR-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, INRA U1397, Oullins, France
| | | | | | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jennifer Rieusset
- INSERM UMR-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, INRA U1397, Oullins, France
| | | | - Gilles Carnac
- PHYMEDEXP, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHRU of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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31
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Abdullah A, Ravanan P. The unknown face of IRE1α - Beyond ER stress. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:359-368. [PMID: 29747876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IRE1α (Inositol Requiring kinase Enzyme 1 alpha), a transmembrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a master regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. The fate determining steps during ER stress-induced apoptosis are greatly attributed to IRE1α's endoribonuclease and kinase activities. Apart from its role as a chief executioner in ER stress, recent studies have shown that upon activation in the presence or absence of ER stress, IRE1α executes multiple cellular processes such as differentiation, immune response, progression and repression of the cell cycle. Besides its crucial role in protein misfolding, the versatile contributions of IRE1α in other cellular functions are greatly unknown. In this review, we have discussed the structural conservation of IRE1 among eukaryotes, the mechanisms underlying its activation and the recent understandings of the non-apoptotic functions of IRE1 other than ER stress-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abdullah
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniyandi Ravanan
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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32
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Ilacqua N, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Bachmann M, Costiniti V, Del Pozo MA, Giacomello M. Protein Localization at Mitochondria-ER Contact Sites in Basal and Stress Conditions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:107. [PMID: 29312934 PMCID: PMC5733094 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts (MERCs) are sites at which the outer mitochondria membrane and the Endoplasmic Reticulum surface run in parallel at a constant distance. The juxtaposition between these organelles determines several intracellular processes such as to name a few, Ca2+ and lipid homeostasis or autophagy. These specific tasks can be exploited thanks to the enrichment (or re-localization) of dedicated proteins at these interfaces. Recent proteomic studies highlight the tissue specific composition of MERCs, but the overall mechanisms that control MERCs plasticity remains unclear. Understanding how proteins are targeted at these sites seems pivotal to clarify such contextual function of MERCs. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on protein localization at MERCs and the possible contribution of the mislocalization of MERCs components to human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Ilacqua
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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