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Oliveira FMM, Demolin-Leite GL, Veloso RVS, Guanabens REM, Silva YOR, Amaral FL. Distribution pattern of arthropods and their ecological interactions on the leaf surfaces of Terminalia argentea saplings. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e281588. [PMID: 38896730 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.281588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Terminalia argentea tree, native to Brazil, is widely used in landscaping, recovering degraded areas, its wood, coal production, and the bark or leaf extracts has medicinal use. Despite of its importance, the arthropod fauna associated to this plant and its interspecific relationships still needs further studies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the arthropods, their ecological indices and the distribution in the leaf faces on T. argentea saplings. The numbers of phytophagous insects (e.g., Cephalocoema sp.), pollinators (e.g., Tetragonisca angustula), and natural enemies (e.g., Oxyopidae), and their ecological indices (e.g., species richness), were higher on the adaxial leaf faces on T. argentea saplings. Aggregated distribution of phytophagous insects (e.g., Aphis spiraecola), pollinators (e.g., Trigona spinipes), and natural enemies (e.g., Camponotus sp.) on T. argentea saplings was observed. Abundance, diversity, and species richness of natural enemies correlated, positively, with those of phytophagous and pollinators insects. Predators and tending ants followed their prey and sucking insects, respectively. Tending ants protected sucking insects against predators, and reduced chewing insects. The high number of Cephalocoema sp. on T. argentea saplings is a problem, because this insect can feed on leaves of this plant, but its preference for the adaxial leaf face favors its control. The aggregation behavior of arthropods on T. argentea saplings favors the control of potential pests of this plant. There seems to be competition between tending ants for space and food resources on T. argentea saplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M M Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G. W. G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - G L Demolin-Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G. W. G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - R V S Veloso
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G. W. G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - R E M Guanabens
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G. W. G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - Y O R Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G. W. G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - F L Amaral
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G. W. G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
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Demolin-Leite GL. Do arthropods and diseases affect the production of fruits on Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae)? BRAZ J BIOL 2024. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.253215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Frequencies, magnitudes, and distributions of occurrence can affect the events. The problem can be worse or the solution better if greater frequencies and magnitudes are presented with aggregated distribution in the production system. Indices, hence, are used to assist in decision-making on certain issues. The system formed by Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae), a typical and economically important Brazilian Cerrado tree species, and its several arthropods are adequate to evaluate a new index. This study aimed to test an index to identify the loss and solution sources and their importance in the system's loss or income gain. The index is: Percentage of Importance Indice % I . I . = k s 1 × c 1 × d s 1 / Σ k s 1 × c 1 × d s 1 + k s 2 × c 2 × d s 2 + k s n × c n × d s n x 100. T h e % I . I . separated the loss sources [e.g., Edessa rufomarginata De Geer, 1773 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on fruits = 41.90%)] on the percentage of reduction of fruit production (e.g., 0.13%), calculated the attention level (e.g., 0.10/fruit), with a total lost production of 1.35% (≈ 307 total lost fruits). The % I.I. also separated the solution sources [e.g., Zelus armillatus (Lep. and Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) = 55.48%), the non-attention level (e.g., Z. armillatus: 0.394 for E. rufomarginata on fruit), with total income gain of 0.56% (≈ 128 total saved fruits) on the natural system (e.g., C. brasiliense trees). This index can calculate losses or the effectiveness of the solutions monetarily. Here I test the % I.I., an index that can detect the key loss and solution sources on the system, which can be applied in some knowledge areas.
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Leite GLD, Soares MA, Veloso RVS, Silva LF, Guanabens PFS, Munhoz EJM, Pereira WR, Silva RS, Fernandes GW, Serrão JE, Zanuncio JC. Free-feeding organisms and galling insects (Hymenoptera) interactions on Caryocar brasiliense (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees, a savanna plant from Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e257975. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.257975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Galling insects are abundant in nature, found in many ecosystems globally, with species attacking plants of economic importance. We studied the effects of free-feeding organisms on the abundance of galling insects on Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) trees in the Brazilian Cerrado (Savanna). Percentage of defoliation and the number of phytophagous mites or number of phytophagous Hemiptera correlated negatively with percentage of galled leaves and the parasitoid Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) adults, respectively. Percentage of galled leaves and the numbers of Eurytoma sp. adults and phytophagous mites correlated positively with spiders. Numbers of mites and Hemiptera phytophagous correlated positively with those of lady beetles and Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), respectively. The number of Ablerus magistretti Blanchard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) adults correlated negatively with Sycophila sp. The number of Agistemus sp. (Acari: Stigmaeidae) correlated, negatively and positively, with those of lady beetles and phytophagous mites, respectively. Free-feeding herbivores affected the presence of galling insects (Hymenoptera) on C. brasiliense trees, competing for food and space. The same was observed between two parasitoids of Eurytoma sp. galling insect, which can reduce the natural biological control of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. A. Soares
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
| | - R. V. S. Veloso
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
| | - L. F. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - R. S. Silva
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
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Bispo LF, Demolin-Leite GL, Fagundes WM, Abreu AMSA, Santos JMMD, Oliveira FMM, Silva VJ, Souza TO, Silva YOR, Amaral FL. Recovery of a degraded area using Platycyamus regnellii (Fabaceae) saplings. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e278702. [PMID: 38126588 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.278702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L F Bispo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - G L Demolin-Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - W M Fagundes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - A M S A Abreu
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - J M M Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - F M M Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - V J Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - T O Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - Y O R Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - F L Amaral
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
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Souza RFA, Leite GLD, Soares MA, Teixeira DL, Silva JL, Sampaio RA, Guanabens REM, Santos MM, Faustino Júnior W, Silva RSD, Zanuncio JC. Spatial distribution, ecological indices and interactions of arthropods on Sapindus saponaria (Sapindaceae) plants. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e265435. [PMID: 36700592 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.265435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae) is a pioneer species used in programs to recover degraded areas. The trees also assist in the pest control of some insects due to the composition of saponins on their leaves. In addition, these chemical components are important to pharmaceutical product production. The objective was to evaluate the impact of spatial distribution, indices and ecological relationship of arthropods on S. saponaria leaves to preserve the balance of biodiversity. Aggregated distribution of arthropods was observed; the numbers of phytophagous arthropods were higher on the adaxial leaf face than on the abaxial part. Only Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera) had a higher presence on the abaxial leaf face of S. saponaria saplings. Abundance, diversity, and species richness of natural enemies correlated positively with phytophagous and pollinators insects. On the other hand, the number of Lyriomyza sp. mines correlated negatively with Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). All this information can assist and guide integrated pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F A Souza
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - G L D Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - M A Soares
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - D L Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - J L Silva
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - R A Sampaio
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - R E M Guanabens
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, São João Evangelista, MG, Brasil
| | - M M Santos
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - W Faustino Júnior
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - R S da Silva
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia - BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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Silva JL, Demolin-Leite GL, Soares MA, Cabral MJS, Faustino-Júnior W, Caldeira ZV, Teixeira DL, Sampaio RA, Azevedo AM, Zanuncio JC. Phytophagous insects and natural enemies on Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindales: Sapindaceae) plants fertilized with or without dehydrated sewage sludge. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e271509. [PMID: 37194826 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Management programs and efficient techniques are necessary to recover degraded ecosystems. The sewage sludge is rich in nitrogen (N) and with the potential to fertilize Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapinales: Sapindaceae), used in the recovery of degraded areas; this can affect the insect fauna. The study's objective was to evaluate, for 24 months, the abundance of chewing insects, dipterans, pollinators, and predators on S. saponaria plants fertilized with or without dehydrated sewage sludge in a degraded area. The experimental design was completely randomized (with the same characteristics) with two treatments (with or without dehydrated sewage sludge) and 24 replicates, each with one plant. The abundance of Anastrepha sp. (Tephritidae), Cerotoma sp. (Chrysomelidae), Curculionidae, Musca domestica L. (Muscidae), Mantis religiosa L. (Mantodea: Mantidae), Oxyopidae, Salticidae, Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera), and Teudis sp. (Anyphaenidae) was higher on fertilized plants. The abundances of Teudis sp. and Tmarus sp. (Thomisidae) and M. religiosa and Teudis sp. were positively correlated with chewing insects and Diptera, respectively. The population increase of insects and spiders on S. saponaria plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge (bigger crowns) has shown to be suitable for recovering degraded areas with a higher number of niches and better food quality, improving the ecological indices of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - G L Demolin-Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - M A Soares
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - M J S Cabral
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - W Faustino-Júnior
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - Z V Caldeira
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - D L Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - R A Sampaio
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - A M Azevedo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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Teixeira BE, Nascimento ST, Mós JVDN, de Oliveira EM, Dos Santos VM, Maia ASC, Fonsêca VDFC, Passos BM, Murata LS. The potential of natural shade provided by Brazilian savanna trees for thermal comfort and carbon sink. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157324. [PMID: 35843316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study looked at the potential of thermal comfort provided to animals by four different Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) native trees, as well as their potential for carbon sink. The evaluations were carried out during the summer of 2020, which consisted of the collection of microclimate variables. The Mean Radiant Temperature (TMR, °C) was derived from the shaded and unshaded areas under the trees, and from that, the Radiant Heat Load (RHL, W m-2) was calculated as an index of thermal comfort. Solar radiation was estimated considering the sum of the direct, diffuse, and reflected components (W m-2), and carbon stock from trees biomass for CO2 sequestration was estimated from an allometric model applied to the native Cerrado tree species. The shade of the native trees reduced the meteorological variables such as dry bulb and black globe temperatures, to values considered adequate for the thermal comfort of animals, with an average reduction respectively equal to 1.3 °C and 6.4 °C. This represents a significant difference compared to the unshaded area as well as among tree species (P < 0.05), reflecting in lower values of TMR and RHL in the shaded area provided by each species. Carbon sequestration individually estimated by each native tree species was on average 8.85 Mg per tree. These results demonstrate the great potential for native tree species in the Cerrado biome to be used in agroforestry systems to provide higher levels of thermal comfort to animals and to combat climate change through their aptitude of CO2 sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Emanoel Teixeira
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Sheila Tavares Nascimento
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil; Innovation Group of Thermal Comfort and Animal Welfare (INOBIO - MANERA), State University of Maringá, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - João Victor do Nascimento Mós
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Menezes de Oliveira
- Animal Science Department, State University of Maringá, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Machado Dos Santos
- Federal Institute of Brasília, Planaltina Campus, DF 128 Road, km 21, Planaltina, Brasília 73380-900, Brazil
| | - Alex Sandro Campos Maia
- Innovation Group of Thermal Comfort and Animal Welfare (INOBIO-MANERA), Biometeorology Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Access Route w/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Vinícius de França Carvalho Fonsêca
- Innovation Group of Thermal Comfort and Animal Welfare (INOBIO-MANERA), Biometeorology Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Access Route w/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil; Animal Biometeorology and Ethology Group (BIOET), Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraiba, PB-079 Road, 12, Areia, Paraíba 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Martins Passos
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luci Sayori Murata
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
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Leite GLD, Veloso RVS, Soares MA, Silva LF, Guanãbens PFS, Munhoz EJM, Pereira WR, Silva RS, Fernandes GW, Zanuncio JC. Changes in galling insect community on Caryocar brasiliense trees mediated by soil chemical and physical attributes. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e261227. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.261227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The nutrient stress hypothesis predicts that galling insects prevail on host plants growing in habitats with soils of low nutritional quality. Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) is host to four different leaf-galling insects. These insects have the potential to cause a reduction in the production of C. brasiliense fruits, an important source of income for many communities in Brazil. We studied the effects of soil physical and chemical characteristics on the abundance, species richness, and diversity of galling insects and their natural enemies on C. brasiliense trees growing under three different soil conditions. Our data corroborate the hypothesis that in nutritionally poor (e.g., lower phosphorus content) and worse physical textures (e.g., sandy) soils, host plants support higher species richness and diversity of galling insects. However, the abundance of Eurytoma sp. (the most common gall in C. brasiliense), was correlated with a higher phosphorus concentration in the soil (better nutritional condition). The percentage of galled leaflets and the area of leaflets occupied by Eurytoma sp galls were higher in the more fertile soil. In this soil, there was greater abundance, species richness, and diversity of parasitoids of Eurytoma sp. (e.g., Sycophila sp.) and predators (e.g., Zelus armillatus). Our data indicate the importance of habitat quality in the composition of the galling insect community and the impact of soil properties in mediating the distribution of these insects in C. brasiliense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. V. S. Veloso
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
| | - M. A. Soares
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
| | - L. F. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - P. F. S. Guanãbens
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | | | - R. S. Silva
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
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Lima JS, Leite GLD, Guanabens PFS, Soares MA, Silva JL, Mota MVS, Lemes PG, Zanuncio JC. Insects and spiders on Acacia mangium (Fabaceae) saplings as bioindicators for the recovery of tropical degraded areas. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e252088. [PMID: 34755814 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.252088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acacia mangium is a pioneer species with fast growth and frequently used in the recovery of degraded areas. The objectives were to evaluate insects and spiders, their ecological indices and interactions on A. mangium saplings in a tropical degraded area in recovering process. The experimental design was completely randomized with 24 replications, with treatments represented by the first and second years after A. mangium seedling planted. Numbers of leaves/branch, branches/sapling, and ground cover by A. mangium saplings, Hemiptera: Phenacoccus sp. and Pachycoris torridus; Hymenoptera: Tetragonisca angustula and Trigona spinipes, Brachymyrmex sp., Camponotus sp. and Cephalotes sp.; Blattodea: Nasutitermes sp. and Neuroptera: Chrysoperla sp.; abundance, species richness of pollinating insects, tending ants, and the abundance of Sternorrhyncha predators were greatest in the second year after planting. Numbers of Hemiptera: Aethalium reticulatum, Hymenoptera: Camponotus sp., Cephalotes sp., Polybia sp., T. angustula, T. spinipes, tending ants, pollinating insects, Sternorrhyncha predators and species richness of tending ants were highest on A. mangium saplings with greatest numbers of leaves or branches. The increase in the population of arthropods with ground cover by A. mangium saplings age increase indicates the positive impact by this plant on the recovery process of degraded areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lima
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - G L D Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - P F S Guanabens
- Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais - IFMG, Campus de São João Evangelista, São João Evangelista, MG, Brasil
| | - M A Soares
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - J L Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - M V S Mota
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - P G Lemes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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Gomes GN, Leite GLD, Soares MA, Guanãbens REM, Lemes PG, Zanuncio JC. Arthropod fauna on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Acacia mangium (Fabaceae) leaves. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e245536. [PMID: 34669792 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acacia mangium (Willd., 1806) (Fabales: Fabaceae) is a fast growing, rustic, pioneer species, with potential to fix nitrogen, and for programs to recover degraded areas. The objective was to evaluate the distribution and the functional diversity of interactions and the K-dominance of arthropod groups on A. mangium saplings. The number of individuals of eleven species of phytophagous insects, three bee species, and fourteen natural enemy species were highest on the adaxial leaf surface of this plant. Abundance, diversity and species richness of phytophagous insects and natural enemies, and abundance and species richness of pollinators were highest on the adaxial A. mangium leaf surface. The distribution of five species of sap-sucking hemipterans and six of protocooperating ants (Hymenoptera), with positive interaction between these groups, and three bee species (Hymenoptera) were aggregated on leaves of A. mangium saplings. Aethalion reticulatum (L.) (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) and Bemisia sp. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae); Brachymyrmex sp. and Camponotus sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae); and Trigona spinipes Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were the most dominant phytophagous insects, natural enemies, and pollinators, respectively, on A. mangium leaves. Knowledge of preferred leaf surfaces could help integrated pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Gomes
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - G L D Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - M A Soares
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - R E M Guanãbens
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - P G Lemes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - ICA, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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Mota MVS, Demolin-Leite GL, Guanabens PFS, Teixeira GL, Soares MA, Silva JL, Sampaio RA, Zanuncio JC. Chewing insects, pollinators, and predators on Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e248305. [PMID: 34669795 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization with dehydrated sewage sludge can speed up the recovery process of degraded areas due to nutrients concentration, favoring the development of pioneer plants such as Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) and the emergence of insects. This study aimed the evaluation of chewing, pollinating insects, predators, their ecological indices and relationships on A. auriculiformis plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (with and without dehydrated sewage sludge) and 24 repetitions. The prevalence of chewing insects Parasyphraea sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nasutitermes sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae), and Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), defoliation, and ecological indices of abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera were observed on fertilized A. auriculiformis. Acacia auriculiformis plants, with a superior number of branches/tree, revealed greater abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera, species richness of pollinating insects, defoliation, numbers of Parasyphraea sp. and T. collaris. The ones with larger leaves/branches displayed greater abundance of species richness of Coleoptera and Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Therefore, the use of A. auriculiformis plants, fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge, is promising in the recovery of degraded areas due to the ecological indices increase of chewing and pollinators insects and spiders in the analyzed area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V S Mota
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - G L Demolin-Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - P F S Guanabens
- Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais - IFMG, Campus de São João Evangelista, São João Evangelista, MG, Brasil
| | - G L Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - M A Soares
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - J L Silva
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - R A Sampaio
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Departamento de Entomologia, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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12
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Leite GLD, Veloso RVS, Azevedo AM, Almeida CIME, Soares MA, Pereira AIA, Lemes PG, Zanuncio JC. Distribution of galling insects and their parasitoids on Caryocar brasiliense tree crowns. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e235017. [PMID: 34076163 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.235017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) is widely distributed in the Brazilian savanna and its fruits are used by humans for food, production of cosmetics, lubricants, and in the pharmaceutical industry. This plant is damaged by galling insects. Number of these galling insects and their parasitoids was recorded, in the field (galls) and in the laboratory (adults emerged from the galls), from three C. brasiliense crown heights, during three years. Numbers of adults of Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), galling insect (younger attack) and Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) (a parasitoid of Eurytoma sp.), were greater on the apical parts of C. brasiliense tree crowns. Numbers and groups of Eurytoma sp. globoid galls (older attack) were higher in the median and basal crown parts. The numbers of Eurytoma sp. galls were higher on apical part of C. brasiliense tree crown and also of their parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L D Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - R V S Veloso
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - A M Azevedo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - C I Maia E Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - M A Soares
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - A I A Pereira
- Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, GO, Brasil
| | - P G Lemes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Insetário G.W.G. Moraes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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Dourado LR, Demolin-Leite GL, Soares MA, Teixeira GL, Silva FWS, Sampaio RA, Zanuncio JC, Legaspi JC. Ecological indices of phytophagous Hemiptera and their natural enemies on Acacia auriculiformis (Fabales: Fabaceae) plants with or without dehydrated sewage sludge application in a degraded area. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237261. [PMID: 32804957 PMCID: PMC7430702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil fertilization with dehydrated sewage sludge (DSS) accelerates the recovery process of degraded areas by improving nutrient concentration, and favors the development of trophic webs with pioneer plants such as Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae), phytophagous Hemiptera, predators, and protocooperanting ants. This study aimed to evaluate the development and production of A. auriculiformis litter with or without dehydrated sewage sludge application and the ecological indices of sucking insects (Hemiptera), their predators and protocooperating ants, as bioindicators, in a degraded area for 24 months. Complete randomization was applied for two treatments (with or without application of dehydrated sewage sludge) in 24 replications (one repetition = one plant). We evaluated the number of leaves/branch and branches/plant, percentage of soil cover (litter), ecological indices of phytophagous Hemiptera, their predators, and protocooperating ants. The plants of A. auriculiformis, that were applied with dehydrated sewage sludge, had superior development when compared to plants where DSS were not applied. The highest abundance and richness of phytophagous Hemiptera species and Sternorrhyncha predators occurred on A. auriculiformis plants that were applied with dehydrated sewage sludge. The increase in richness of species of protocooperanting ants that established mutualistic relationships positively influenced the phytophagous Hemiptera. The use of A. auriculiformis, with application of dehydrated sewage sludge, can increase recovery of degraded areas due to its higher soil cover (e.g., litter) and results in higher ecological indices of phytophagous Hemiptera and their predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Rocha Dourado
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Germano Leão Demolin-Leite
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcus Alvarenga Soares
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Leal Teixeira
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jose Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal deVicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jesusa Crisostomo Legaspi
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
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Does fertilization with dehydrated sewage sludge affect Terminalia argentea (Combretaceae) and associated arthropods community in a degraded area? Sci Rep 2020; 10:11811. [PMID: 32678241 PMCID: PMC7367274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients from dehydrated sewage sludge play an essential role in the development of many plants such as Terminalia argentea, in the recovery of degraded areas. The aims were to assess the abundance, diversity and species richness of phytophagous, pollinators and predators arthropods, as well as the percentage of defoliation of T. argentea trees, fertilized (or not) with dehydrated sewage sludge in a degraded area. The abundance, diversity and species richness of phytophagous Coleoptera and total predators (predator insects + protocooperating ants + spiders); abundance and species richness of Diptera, pollinator insects, spiders, and predators (predator insects + spiders) were higher on trees fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. The abundance of phytophagous Coleoptera declined with the presence of phytophagous Hemiptera and protocooperating ants; population of phytophagous Orthoptera declined in response to phytophagous Coleoptera and total predators; the numbers of the leafminer Lyriomyza sp. directly increased with the numbers of spiders. The ecological indices of phytophagous, pollinators, and predator arthopods increased on Terminalia argentea trees fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge; such a better ecological indices in fertilized than in unfertilized trees, show it more suitable for the recovery of degraded areas. We discuss the competition between phytophagous insects groups as well as herbivory reduction by predators.
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Accumulation of Urban Insect Pests in China: 50 Years’ Observations on Camphor Tree (Cinnamomum camphora). SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12041582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since China experienced a rapid and unprecedented process of urbanization and climate change from 1978 onwards, pest outbreaks were frequently reported on urban forests, which reflects a significant imbalance between natural regulation and human control. Based on information extracted from all journal articles and reports about insect pests on camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) in urban China, we characterized historical patterns and trends in pest outbreaks over large areas. Our results suggested that (1) most distribution areas of C. camphora in urban China had pest records (14 provinces) over the last 50 years, especially at the south-eastern coastal areas; (2) pests on camphor tree in urban China showed an accelerated growth since the 1990s; and (3) pests on camphor tree in urban China were characterized by native and leaf-feeding species. Urbanization seems to positively correlate with urban pest outbreaks. Changes of urban pest outbreaks could largely be described by synchronic changes of socio-economic indicators, of which CO2 emissions as metric tons per capita is the most significant predictor, followed by GDP and human population. Thus, managers and city planners should allocate resources to socio-economic-related pest outbreaks for a sustainable ecosystem.
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16
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Silva JL, Demolin Leite GL, de Souza Tavares W, Souza Silva FW, Sampaio RA, Azevedo AM, Serrão JE, Zanuncio JC. Diversity of arthropods on Acacia mangium (Fabaceae) and production of this plant with dehydrated sewage sludge in degraded area. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191196. [PMID: 32257306 PMCID: PMC7062056 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is an organic matter-rich material with abundant fractions of nitrogen and other macro and micronutrients, essential for plant growth and development such as Acacia mangium Willd. (Fabales: Fabaceae) used in recovering actions of degraded areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate over 24 months the abundance and diversity of chewing and pollinator insects and arthropod predators on A. mangium plants and the mass production and soil coverage by this plant, fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge, in a degraded area. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with two treatments (with and without dehydrated sewage sludge) and 24 replications. The number of leaves per branch and branches per plant, defoliation percentage by chewing insects, soil cover and abundance of chewing and pollinator insects and arthropod predators were higher on A. mangium plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. Nasutitermes sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae) and Trigona spinipes F. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were the most observed insects on trunks and leaves, respectively, of A. mangium plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. The A. mangium fertilization increases the populations of different insect and spider groups on this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Leticia Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 39404-006 Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Germano Leão Demolin Leite
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 39404-006 Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Wagner de Souza Tavares
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd. (APRIL), PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP), Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau, 28300 Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Farley William Souza Silva
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, 69920-900 Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil
| | - Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 39404-006 Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Alcinei Mistico Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 39404-006 Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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