1
|
Vogel AD, Kwon JH, Mitta A, Sherard C, Brockbank KGM, Rajab TK. Immunogenicity of Homologous Heart Valves: Mechanisms and Future Considerations. Cardiol Rev 2024; 32:385-391. [PMID: 36688843 PMCID: PMC10363244 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric valvar heart disease continues to be a topic of interest due to the common and severe clinical manifestations. Problems with heart valve replacement, including lack of adaptive valve growth and accelerated structural valve degeneration, mandate morbid reoperations to serially replace valve implants. Homologous or homograft heart valves are a compelling option for valve replacement in the pediatric population but are susceptible to structural valve degeneration. The immunogenicity of homologous heart valves is not fully understood, and mechanisms explaining how implanted heart valves are attacked are unclear. It has been demonstrated that preservation methods determine homograft cell viability and there may be a direct correlation between increased cellular viability and a higher immune response. This consists of an early increase in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class I and II antibodies over days to months posthomograft implantation, followed by the sustained increase in HLA-class II antibodies for years after implantation. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and T-helper lymphocytes specific to both HLA classes can infiltrate tissue almost immediately after implantation. Furthermore, increased HLA-class II mismatches result in an increased cell-mediated response and an accelerated rate of structural valve degeneration especially in younger patients. Further long-term clinical studies should be completed investigating the immunological mechanisms of heart valve rejection and their relation to structural valve degeneration as well as testing of immunosuppressant therapies to determine the needed immunosuppression for homologous heart valve implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Vogel
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Surgery, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL
| | - Jennie H Kwon
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Alekhya Mitta
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Curry Sherard
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kelvin G M Brockbank
- Department of Surgery, Tissue Testing Technologies LLC, North Charleston, SC
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC
| | - Taufiek Konrad Rajab
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vogel AD, Suk R, Haran C, Dickinson PG, Helke KL, Hassid M, Fitzgerald DC, Turek JW, Brockbank KGM, Rajab TK. The impact of heart valve and partial heart transplant models on the development of banking methods for tissues and organs: A concise review. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104880. [PMID: 38437898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Cryopreserved human heart valves fill a crucial role in the treatment for congenital cardiac anomalies, since the use of alternative mechanical and xenogeneic tissue valves have historically been limited in babies. Heart valve models have been used since 1998 to better understand the impact of cryopreservation variables on the heart valve tissue components with the ultimate goals of improving cryopreserved tissue outcomes and potentially extrapolating results with tissues to organs. Cryopreservation traditionally relies on conventional freezing, employing cryoprotective agents, and slow cooling to sub-zero centigrade temperatures; but it is plagued by the formation of ice crystals and cell damage upon thawing. Researchers have identified ice-free vitrification procedures and developed a new rapid warming method termed nanowarming. Nanowarming is an emerging method that utilizes targeted application of energy at the nanoscale level to rapidly rewarm vitrified tissues, such as heart valves, uniformly for transplantation. Vitrification and nanowarming methods hold great promise for surgery, enabling the storage and transplantation of tissues for various applications, including tissue repair and replacement. These innovations have the potential to revolutionize complex tissue and organ transplantation, including partial heart transplantation. Banking these grafts addresses organ scarcity by extending preservation duration while preserving biological activity with maintenance of structural fidelity. While ice-free vitrification and nanowarming show remarkable potential, they are still in early development. Further interdisciplinary research must be dedicated to exploring the remaining challenges that include scalability, optimizing cryoprotectant solutions, and ensuring long-term viability upon rewarming in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Vogel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA; Division of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca Suk
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA; Division of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, USA
| | - Christa Haran
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA; Division of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, USA
| | - Patrick G Dickinson
- Division of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, USA
| | - Kristi L Helke
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Marc Hassid
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Kelvin G M Brockbank
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Tissue Testing Technologies LLC, North Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University at Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Taufiek Konrad Rajab
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Měřička P, Janoušek L, Benda A, Lainková R, Sabó J, Dalecká M, Prokšová P, Salmay M, Špunda R, Pecha O, Jandová M, Gregor J, Štěrba L, Špaček M, Lindner J. Cell Viability Assessment Using Fluorescence Vital Dyes and Confocal Microscopy in Evaluating Freezing and Thawing Protocols Used in Cryopreservation of Allogeneic Venous Grafts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910653. [PMID: 34638994 PMCID: PMC8509073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors present their contribution to the improvement of methods suitable for the detection of the freezing and thawing damage of cells of cryopreserved venous grafts used for lower limb revascularization procedures. They studied the post-thaw viability of cells of the wall of cryopreserved venous grafts (CVG) immediately after thawing and after 24 and 48 h culture at +37 °C in two groups of six CVG selected randomly for slow thawing in the refrigerator and rapid thawing in a water bath at +37 °C. The grafts were collected from multi-organ and tissue brain-dead donors, cryopreserved, and stored in a liquid nitrogen vapor phase for five years. The viability was assessed from tissue slices obtained by perpendicular and longitudinal cuts of the thawed graft samples using in situ staining with fluorescence vital dyes. The mean and median immediate post-thaw viability values above 70% were found in using both thawing protocols and both types of cutting. The statistically significant decline in viability after the 48-h culture was observed only when using the slow thawing protocol and perpendicular cutting. The possible explanation might be the “solution effect damage” during slow thawing, which caused a gentle reduction in the graft cellularity. The possible influence of this phenomenon on the immunogenicity of CVG should be the subject of further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Měřička
- Tissue Bank, University Hospital, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (M.J.); (J.G.); (L.Š.)
| | - Libor Janoušek
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Aleš Benda
- Imaging Methods Core Facility at BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 252 50 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.B.); (J.S.); (M.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Radka Lainková
- 2nd Department of Surgery–Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.L.); (M.S.); (R.Š.); (J.L.)
| | - Ján Sabó
- Imaging Methods Core Facility at BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 252 50 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.B.); (J.S.); (M.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Markéta Dalecká
- Imaging Methods Core Facility at BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 252 50 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.B.); (J.S.); (M.D.); (P.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Prokšová
- Imaging Methods Core Facility at BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 252 50 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.B.); (J.S.); (M.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Myroslav Salmay
- 2nd Department of Surgery–Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.L.); (M.S.); (R.Š.); (J.L.)
| | - Rudolf Špunda
- 2nd Department of Surgery–Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.L.); (M.S.); (R.Š.); (J.L.)
| | - Ondřej Pecha
- Technology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Miroslava Jandová
- Tissue Bank, University Hospital, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (M.J.); (J.G.); (L.Š.)
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Medical Faculty in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Gregor
- Tissue Bank, University Hospital, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (M.J.); (J.G.); (L.Š.)
| | - Lubomír Štěrba
- Tissue Bank, University Hospital, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (M.J.); (J.G.); (L.Š.)
| | - Miroslav Špaček
- 2nd Department of Surgery–Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.L.); (M.S.); (R.Š.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jaroslav Lindner
- 2nd Department of Surgery–Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.L.); (M.S.); (R.Š.); (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Application of the original vitrification protocol used for pieces of heart valves to intact heart valves has evolved over time. Ice-free cryopreservation by Protocol 1 using VS55 is limited to small samples (1-3 mL total volume) where relatively rapid cooling and warming rates are possible. VS55 cryopreservation typically provides extracellular matrix preservation with approximately 80% cell viability and tissue function compared with fresh untreated tissues. In contrast, ice-free cryopreservation using VS83, Protocols 2 and 3, permits preservation of large samples (80-100 mL total volume) with several advantages over conventional cryopreservation methods and VS55 preservation, including long-term preservation capability at -80 °C; better matrix preservation than freezing with retention of material properties; very low cell viability, reducing the risks of an immune reaction in vivo; reduced risks of microbial contamination associated with use of liquid nitrogen; improved in vivo functions; no significant recipient allogeneic immune response; simplified manufacturing process; increased operator safety because liquid nitrogen is not used; and reduced manufacturing costs. More recently, we have developed Protocol 4 in which VS55 is supplemented with sugars resulting in reduced concerns regarding nucleation during cooling and warming. This method can be used for large samples resulting in retention of cell viability and permits short-term exposure to -80 °C with long-term storage preferred at or below -135 °C.
Collapse
|
5
|
González-Gay M, López-Martínez R, Busto-Suárez S, Riedemann-Wistuba ME, Menéndez-Herrero MÁ, Álvarez-Marcos F, Alonso-Pérez M, Alonso-Arias R. Immunological Aspects Involved in the Degeneration of Cryopreserved Arterial Allografts. Front Surg 2020; 7:616654. [PMID: 33415125 PMCID: PMC7783309 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2020.616654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cryopreserved arterial allografts have remained an option in patients requiring distal revascularization or associated with vascular infection, in the absence of a valid autogenous saphenous vein. The objective of this study is to describe the different clinical, anatomopathological, and immunological findings related to vascular transplant rejection. Methods: In a prospective trial, 35 patients who underwent cryopreserved allogeneic arterial bypass were studied, including demographics and conduit patency. Anti-HLA antibody production was stablished prior to the surgery, 7 days, 1, 3 months, and every 3 months since. Clinical and ultrasound evaluation was added after the first month. Donor HLA-typing was retrieved whenever available, allowing for the characterization and quantification of donor specific antibodies. Cytotoxic crossmatch test was also performed. A second group of patients with allograft degenerations registered during the follow up period was studied. In this group, exclusively for aneurysm description and histopathological analysis, they were included those degenerated vascular transplants from the original series, but also those implanted prior to the beginning of the study and degraded during follow up. Results: All patients studied displayed an increase in anti-HLA antibodies one month after the intervention, regarding bypass patency. In total, 14 patients fulfilled requirements for the study of donor specific antibodies, equally showing IgG production detectable one month after surgery. The presence of complement-fixing antibodies was also confirmed. Antibody levels were not related to graft degeneration. No specific immune markers able to predict aneurysmal development and evolution were found. From the original group, 3 patients suffered aneurysmal degeneration during follow up, together with 9 bypasses previously implanted. Average time until the first degeneration was 33 ± 19.7 months, with 30.6 ± 17.7 and 54.5 ± 2.5 months for a second and third degeneration, when occurring. Therefore, subsequent vascular transplants frequently augmented the time for new degenerations, despite increasing sensibilization. Samples from eight degenerated allografts were available for analysis, unexpectedly showing inflammatory infiltrate in only four cases and immune complex deposition in 7. Conclusions: Immune response against vascular transplants was confirmed in all cases, but chronic rejection did not necessarily provoke bypass degradation or reduced the time for new aneurysms to develop in subsequent allografts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario González-Gay
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocío López-Martínez
- Department of Immunology, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Busto-Suárez
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Álvarez-Marcos
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Alonso-Pérez
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alonso-Arias
- Department of Immunology, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kirkton RD, Santiago-Maysonet M, Lawson JH, Tente WE, Dahl SLM, Niklason LE, Prichard HL. Bioengineered human acellular vessels recellularize and evolve into living blood vessels after human implantation. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/485/eaau6934. [PMID: 30918113 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau6934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditional vascular grafts constructed from synthetic polymers or cadaveric human or animal tissues support the clinical need for readily available blood vessels, but often come with associated risks. Histopathological evaluation of these materials has shown adverse host cellular reactions and/or mechanical degradation due to insufficient or inappropriate matrix remodeling. We developed an investigational bioengineered human acellular vessel (HAV), which is currently being studied as a hemodialysis conduit in patients with end-stage renal disease. In rare cases, small samples of HAV were recovered during routine surgical interventions and used to examine the temporal and spatial pattern of the host cell response to the HAV after implantation, from 16 to 200 weeks. We observed a substantial influx of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-expressing cells into the HAV that progressively matured and circumferentially aligned in the HAV wall. These cells were supported by microvasculature initially formed by CD34+/CD31+ cells in the neoadventitia and later maintained by CD34-/CD31+ endothelial cells in the media and lumen of the HAV. Nestin+ progenitor cells differentiated into either αSMA+ or CD31+ cells and may contribute to early recellularization and self-repair of the HAV. A mesenchymal stem cell-like CD90+ progenitor cell population increased in number with duration of implantation. Our results suggest that host myogenic, endothelial, and progenitor cell repopulation of HAVs transforms these previously acellular vessels into functional multilayered living tissues that maintain blood transport and exhibit self-healing after cannulation injury, effectively rendering these vessels like the patient's own blood vessel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey H Lawson
- Humacyte Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Laura E Niklason
- Humacyte Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA.,Departments of Anesthesiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lauk-Dubitskiy SE, Pushkarev AV, Korovin IA, Shakurov AV, Burkov IA, Severgina LO, Zherdev AA, Tsiganov DI, Novikov IA. Porcine heart valve, aorta and trachea cryopreservation and thawing using polydimethylsiloxane. Cryobiology 2020; 93:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
8
|
Fibronectin Adsorption on Electrospun Synthetic Vascular Grafts Attracts Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Promotes Endothelialization in Dynamic In Vitro Culture. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030778. [PMID: 32210018 PMCID: PMC7140838 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate mechanical properties and fast endothelialization of synthetic grafts are key to ensure long-term functionality of implants. We used a newly developed biostable polyurethane elastomer (TPCU) to engineer electrospun vascular scaffolds with promising mechanical properties (E-modulus: 4.8 ± 0.6 MPa, burst pressure: 3326 ± 78 mmHg), which were biofunctionalized with fibronectin (FN) and decorin (DCN). Neither uncoated nor biofunctionalized TPCU scaffolds induced major adverse immune responses except for minor signs of polymorph nuclear cell activation. The in vivo endothelial progenitor cell homing potential of the biofunctionalized scaffolds was simulated in vitro by attracting endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). Although DCN coating did attract ECFCs in combination with FN (FN + DCN), DCN-coated TPCU scaffolds showed a cell-repellent effect in the absence of FN. In a tissue-engineering approach, the electrospun and biofunctionalized tubular grafts were cultured with primary-isolated vascular endothelial cells in a custom-made bioreactor under dynamic conditions with the aim to engineer an advanced therapy medicinal product. Both FN and FN + DCN functionalization supported the formation of a confluent and functional endothelial layer.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wollmann LC, Suss PH, Kraft L, Ribeiro VS, Noronha L, da Costa FDA, Tuon FF. Histological and Biomechanical Characteristics of Human Decellularized Allograft Heart Valves After Eighteen Months of Storage in Saline Solution. Biopreserv Biobank 2020; 18:90-101. [PMID: 31990593 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2019.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The best storage preservation method for maintaining the quality and safety of human decellularized allograft heart valves is yet to be established. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the stability in terms of extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity of human heart valve allografts decellularized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (SDS-EDTA) and stored for 6, 12, and 18 months. Methods: A total of 70 decellularized aortic and pulmonary valves were analyzed across different storage times (0, 6, 12, and 18 months) for solution pH measurements, histological findings, cytotoxicity assay results, biomechanical test results, and microbiological suitability test results. Continuous data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance comparing the follow-up times. Results: The pH of the stock solution did not change during the different time points, and no microbial growth occurred up to 18 months. Histological analysis showed that the decellularized allografts did not present deleterious outcomes or signs of structural degeneration in the ECM up to 12 months. The biomechanical properties showed changes over time in different aspects. Allografts stored for 18 months presented lower tensile strength and elasticity than those stored for 12 months (p < 0.05). The microbiological suitability test suggested no residual antimicrobial effects. Conclusion: Changes in the structure and functionality of SDS-EDTA decellularized heart valve allografts occur after 12 months of storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cristina Wollmann
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Tissue Bank, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Paula Hansen Suss
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Leticia Kraft
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia Noronha
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Francisco Diniz Affonso da Costa
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Tissue Bank, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Felipe Francisco Tuon
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Tissue Bank, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Becker M, Schneider M, Stamm C, Seifert M. A Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Assay to Assess Implant Immunocompatibility. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:500-511. [PMID: 31337288 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are essential in the first infection and host-versus-graft reactions. Strategies for adequate and standardized assays to test PMN activation by diverse types of matrices such as cardiovascular implants are urgently needed. To overcome this limitation, we established a straightforward PMN activation assay and validated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a reliable PMN activator that induces defined changes in surface marker expression and cytokine release. Biological "proof-of-principle" matrices demonstrated the feasibility of this PMN assay. Overall, this assay provides an instrument conducting an initial immunological assessment of biological implants prior their clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Becker
- 1Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT-Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schneider
- 1Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT-Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.,2Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Stamm
- 2Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,3German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Seifert
- 1Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT-Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.,2Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
González Porto SA, Domenech N, González Rodríguez A, Avellaneda Oviedo EM, Blanco FJ, Arufe Gonda MC, Álvarez Jorge Á, Sánchez Ibañez J, Rendal Vázquez E. The addition of albumin improves Schwann cells viability in nerve cryopreservation. Cell Tissue Bank 2018; 19:507-517. [PMID: 29700649 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-018-9700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to establish a valid protocol for nerve cryopreservation, and to evaluate if the addition of albumin supposed any advantage in the procedure. We compared a traditional cryopreservation method that uses dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotectant, to an alternative method that uses DMSO and albumin. Six Wistar Lewis rats were used to obtain twelve 20 mm fragments of sciatic nerve. In the first group, six fragments were cryopreserved in 199 media with 10% DMSO, with a temperature decreasing rate of 1 °C per minute. In the second group, six fragments were cryopreserved adding 4% human albumin. The unfreezing process consisted of sequential washings with saline in the first group, and saline and 20% albumin in the second group at 37 °C until the crioprotectant was removed. Structural evaluation was performed through histological analysis and electronic microscopy. The viability was assessed with the calcein-AM (CAM) and 4',6-diamino-2-fenilindol (DAPI) staining. Histological results showed a correct preservation of peripheral nerve architecture and no significant differences were found between the two groups. However, Schwann cells viability showed in the CAM-DAPI staining was significantly superior in the albumin group. The viability of Schwann cells was significantly increased when albumin was added to the nerve cryopreservation protocol. However, no significant structural differences were found between groups. Further studies need to be performed to assess the cryopreserved nerve functionality using this new method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alicia González Porto
- Servicio de Cirugía Plástica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Hospital Universitario de A Coruña, Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Nieves Domenech
- Biobanco A Coruña- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba González Rodríguez
- Servicio de Cirugía Plástica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Hospital Universitario de A Coruña, Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Edgar Mauricio Avellaneda Oviedo
- Servicio de Cirugía Plástica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Hospital Universitario de A Coruña, Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación de Proteómica-PBR2-ProteoRed/ISCIII-Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - María C Arufe Gonda
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER BBN/ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Ciencias Biomédicas, Medicina y Fisioterapia, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángel Álvarez Jorge
- Servicio de Cirugía Plástica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Hospital Universitario de A Coruña, Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jacinto Sánchez Ibañez
- Unidad de Criobiología, Banco de Tejidos, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Esther Rendal Vázquez
- Unidad de Criobiología, Banco de Tejidos, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bouten CVC, Smits AIPM, Baaijens FPT. Can We Grow Valves Inside the Heart? Perspective on Material-based In Situ Heart Valve Tissue Engineering. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:54. [PMID: 29896481 PMCID: PMC5987128 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ heart valve tissue engineering using cell-free synthetic, biodegradable scaffolds is under development as a clinically attractive approach to create living valves right inside the heart of a patient. In this approach, a valve-shaped porous scaffold "implant" is rapidly populated by endogenous cells that initiate neo-tissue formation in pace with scaffold degradation. While this may constitute a cost-effective procedure, compatible with regulatory and clinical standards worldwide, the new technology heavily relies on the development of advanced biomaterials, the processing thereof into (minimally invasive deliverable) scaffolds, and the interaction of such materials with endogenous cells and neo-tissue under hemodynamic conditions. Despite the first positive preclinical results and the initiation of a small-scale clinical trial by commercial parties, in situ tissue formation is not well understood. In addition, it remains to be determined whether the resulting neo-tissue can grow with the body and preserves functional homeostasis throughout life. More important yet, it is still unknown if and how in situ tissue formation can be controlled under conditions of genetic or acquired disease. Here, we discuss the recent advances of material-based in situ heart valve tissue engineering and highlight the most critical issues that remain before clinical application can be expected. We argue that a combination of basic science - unveiling the mechanisms of the human body to respond to the implanted biomaterial under (patho)physiological conditions - and technological advancements - relating to the development of next generation materials and the prediction of in situ tissue growth and adaptation - is essential to take the next step towards a realistic and rewarding translation of in situ heart valve tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn V. C. Bouten
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Anthal I. P. M. Smits
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Frank P. T. Baaijens
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vitrification of aortic valve homografts suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation and alleviates the inflammatory response after transplantation. Cryobiology 2018; 82:130-136. [PMID: 29571631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|