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Xie Y, Lin T, Jin Y, Berezowitz AG, Wang XL, Lu J, Cai Y, Guzman RJ. Smooth muscle cell-specific matrix metalloproteinase 3 deletion reduces osteogenic transformation and medial artery calcification. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:658-670. [PMID: 38454645 PMCID: PMC11074797 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in atherosclerosis, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), also known as stromelysin-1, is part of the large matrix metalloproteinase family. It can degrade extracellular matrix components of the arterial wall including elastin, which plays a central role in medial calcification. In this study, we sought to determine the role of MMP-3 in medial calcification. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that MMP-3 was increased in rodent models of medial calcification as well as in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) cultured in a phosphate calcification medium. It was also highly expressed in calcified tibial arteries in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Knockdown and inhibition of MMP-3 suppressed phosphate-induced SMC osteogenic transformation and calcification, whereas the addition of a recombinant MMP-3 protein facilitated SMC calcification. In an ex vivo organ culture model and a rodent model of medial calcification induced by vitamin D3, we found that MMP-3 deficiency significantly suppressed medial calcification in the aorta. We further found that medial calcification and osteogenic transformation were significantly reduced in SMC-specific MMP-3-deficient mice, suggesting that MMP-3 in SMCs is an important factor in this process. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that MMP-3 expression in vascular SMCs is an important regulator of medial calcification and that targeting MMP-3 could provide a therapeutic strategy to reduce it and address its consequences in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhouyun Xie
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., BB 204, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tonghui Lin
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 0221, USA
| | - Ying Jin
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., BB 204, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Alexa G Berezowitz
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., BB 204, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xue-Lin Wang
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 0221, USA
| | - Jinny Lu
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 0221, USA
| | - Yujun Cai
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., BB 204, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 0221, USA
| | - Raul J Guzman
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., BB 204, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 0221, USA
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Escate R, Padró T, Pérez de Isla L, Fuentes F, Alonso R, Mata P, Badimon L. Circulating miR-6821-5p levels and coronary calcification in asymptomatic familial hypercholesterolemia patients. Atherosclerosis 2024; 392:117502. [PMID: 38513437 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a clinic characteristic of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Coronary calcium score (CCS) is a highly used imaging modality to evidence atherosclerotic plaque burden. microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that epigenetically regulate gene expression. Here, we investigated whether CCS associates with a specific miRNA-signature in FH-patients. METHODS Patients with genetic diagnosis of FH (N = 86) from the nationwide SAFEHEART-cohort were investigated by computed tomography angiography imaging and classified depending on the presence of coronary calcification in FH-CCS (+) and FH-CCS (-) groups by the Agatston score. Differential miRNA profiling was performed in two stages: first by Affymetrix microarray technology (high-throughput differential profiling-studies) and second by RT-PCR using TaqMan-technology (analytical RT-qPCR study) in plasma of the two patient groups. RESULTS miR-193a-5p, miR-30e-5p and miR-6821-5p levels were significantly higher in FH-CCS (+) compared to FH-CCS (-). miR-6821-5p was the best miRNA to discriminate FH-patients CCS(+), according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (AUC: 0.70 ± 0.06, p = 0.006). High miR-6821-5p levels were associated with older age (p = 0.03) and high LDL-burden (p = 0.014) using a ROC-derived cut-off value. However, miR-6821-5p did not correlate with age in either the CCS- or CCS + group. Genes involved in calcification processes were identified by in silico analysis. The relation of cell-calcification and expression levels of miR-6821-5p, BMP2 and SPP1 was validated experimentally in human vascular smooth muscle cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulated levels of miR-6821-5p are found in the plasma of asymptomatic FH-patients with coronary calcified atherosclerotic plaques, as well as in isolated human vascular smooth muscle cells expressing the pro-calcification genes BMP2 and SPP1. These findings highlight the impact of epigenetic regulation on the development of subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Escate
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Pérez de Isla
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Alonso
- Fundación Hipercolesterolemia Familiar, Madrid, Spain; Center for Advanced Metabolic Medicine and Nutrition, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Pedro Mata
- Fundación Hipercolesterolemia Familiar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
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Haqqani AS, Mianoor Z, Star AT, Detcheverry FE, Delaney CE, Stanimirovic DB, Hamel E, Badhwar A. Proteome Profiling of Brain Vessels in a Mouse Model of Cerebrovascular Pathology. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1500. [PMID: 38132326 PMCID: PMC10740654 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular pathology that involves altered protein levels (or signaling) of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) family has been associated with various forms of age-related dementias, including Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Transgenic mice overexpressing TGFβ1 in the brain (TGF mice) recapitulate VCID-associated cerebrovascular pathology and develop cognitive deficits in old age or when submitted to comorbid cardiovascular risk factors for dementia. We characterized the cerebrovascular proteome of TGF mice using mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics. Cerebral arteries were surgically removed from 6-month-old-TGF and wild-type mice, and proteins were extracted and analyzed by gel-free nanoLC-MS/MS. We identified 3602 proteins in brain vessels, with 20 demonstrating significantly altered levels in TGF mice. For total and/or differentially expressed proteins (p ≤ 0.01, ≥ 2-fold change), using multiple databases, we (a) performed protein characterization, (b) demonstrated the presence of their RNA transcripts in both mouse and human cerebrovascular cells, and (c) demonstrated that several of these proteins were present in human extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating in blood. Finally, using human plasma, we demonstrated the presence of several of these proteins in plasma and plasma EVs. Dysregulated proteins point to perturbed brain vessel vasomotricity, remodeling, and inflammation. Given that blood-isolated EVs are novel, attractive, and a minimally invasive biomarker discovery platform for age-related dementias, several proteins identified in this study can potentially serve as VCID markers in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan S. Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Zainab Mianoor
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) Laboratory, 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada; (Z.M.); (F.E.D.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie (CRIUGM), 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada
| | - Alexandra T. Star
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Flavie E. Detcheverry
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) Laboratory, 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada; (Z.M.); (F.E.D.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie (CRIUGM), 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada
| | - Christie E. Delaney
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Danica B. Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Edith Hamel
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - AmanPreet Badhwar
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) Laboratory, 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada; (Z.M.); (F.E.D.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie (CRIUGM), 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
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Li H, Zhang C, Liu Q. Lumican silencing ameliorates β-glycerophosphate-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by attenuating the inhibition of APOB on KIF2C activity. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230790. [PMID: 37711155 PMCID: PMC10499013 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse cardiovascular events are associated with vascular calcification (VC) process, where vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) differentiate into osteoblastic phenotype and deposit hydroxyapatite crystals. Microtubule-associated protein kinesin family member 2C (KIF2C) expression is decreased obviously in VSMC during calcification induction. Accordingly, we investigate the role and potential mechanism of KIF2C on VSMC calcification. The effects of β-glycerophosphate (β-GP)/KIF2C/lumican (LUM) on calcification, calcium content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcification-related markers, Tubulin, the ratio of polymerized (Po) to free (Fr) tubulin, as well as levels of LUM, apolipoprotein B (APOB), and KIF2C were assessed by Alizarin red S staining, calcium assay kit, ALP assay kit, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and quantitative real-time PCR. The interplay between LUM and APOB was estimated using co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. As a result, β-GP promoted calcification of human VMSCs (HVMSCs) and repressed KIF2C expression. KIF2C overexpression reversed the effect of β-GP on HVSMCs. LUM silencing attenuated β-GP-induced promotion on HVSMC calcification and increased KIF2C expression by interacting with APOB. Collectively, LUM silencing can alleviate β-GP-induced VSMC calcification through mitigating the repression of APOB on KIF2C expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou People’s Hospital (The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University), Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department Emergency, The First Hospital of Qiqihar’er City, Qiqihar’er, Heilongjiang, 161021, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Qiqihar’er City, No. 700, Bukui North Street, Longsha District, Qiqihar’er, Heilongjiang, 161021, China
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Li S, Xing W, Gang Y, Guo W, Zeng M, Wu H. Gum Arabic-Stabilized Ferric Oxyhydroxide Nanoparticles for Efficient and Targeted Intestinal Delivery of Bioavailable Iron. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7058-7068. [PMID: 37104684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured iron(III) compounds are promising food fortificants with desirable iron bioavailability and food compatibility. Here, gum arabic (GA) solubilized 252 mg of iron(III) per g at neutral pH in the form of GA-stabilized ferric oxyhydroxide nanoparticles (GA-FeONPs) with Z-average size of 142.7 ± 5.9 nm and ζ-potential of -20.50 ± 1.25 mV. Calcein-fluorescence-quenching assay revealed well-absorbed iron from GA-FeONPs by polarized Caco-2 cells due to efficient macropinocytic internalization and asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated specific endocytosis facilitated by the polypeptide and arabinogalactan fractions of GA, respectively, with endocytosed GA-FeONPs being in part basolaterally transcytosed and in another part degraded into cellular labile iron pool. GA-FeONPs showed good colloidal stability under varied pH, gastrointestinal, thermal processing, and spray/freeze drying conditions and displayed remarkably weaker pro-oxidant activity than FeSO4 in glyceryl trilinoleate emulsion (P < 0.05). Oral pharmacokinetics unveiled desirable iron bioavailability of GA-FeONPs relative to FeSO4, i.e., 124.27 ± 5.91% in aqueous solution and 161.64 ± 5.01% in milk. Overall, GA-FeONPs are a promising novel iron fortificant with food-compatible, efficient, and targeted intestinal iron delivery and sustained iron-release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Wenshuo Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Yuxin Gang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Haohao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
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Bryzgalov LO, Korbolina EE, Damarov IS, Merkulova TI. The functional insight into the genetics of cardiovascular disease: results from the post-GWAS study. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:65-73. [PMID: 35342858 PMCID: PMC8892170 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of death worldwide, generally refer to a range of pathological conditions with the involvement of the heart and the blood vessels. A sizable fraction of the susceptibility loci is known, but the underlying mechanisms have been established only for a small proportion. Therefore, there is an increasing need to explore the functional relevance of trait-associated variants and, moreover, to search for novel risk genetic variation. We have reported the bioinformatic approach allowing effective identification of functional non-coding variants by integrated analysis of genome-wide data. Here, the analysis of 1361 previously identified regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) was performed to provide new insights into cardiovascular risk. We found 773,471 coding co-segregating markers for input rSNPs using the 1000 Genomes Project. The intersection of GWAS-derived SNPs with a relevance to cardiovascular traits with these markers was analyzed within a window of 10 Kbp. The effects on the transcription factor (TF) binding sites were explored by DeFine models. Functional pathway enrichment and protein– protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed on the targets and the extended genes by STRING and DAVID. Eighteen rSNPs were functionally linked to cardiovascular risk. A significant impact on binding sites of thirteen TFs including those involved in blood cells formation, hematopoiesis, macrophage function, inflammation, and vasoconstriction was found in K562 cells. 21 rSNP gene targets and 5 partners predicted by PPI were enriched for spliceosome and endocytosis KEGG pathways, endosome sorting complex and mRNA splicing REACTOME pathways. Related Gene Ontology terms included mRNA splicing and processing, endosome transport and protein catabolic processes. Together, the findings provide further insight into the biological basis of CVDs and highlight the importance of the precise regulation of splicing and alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. O. Bryzgalov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - E. E. Korbolina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - I. S. Damarov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - T. I. Merkulova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University
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Hyperphosphatemia-induced degradation of transcription factor EB exacerbates vascular calcification. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166323. [PMID: 34921974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and subsequent hyperphosphatemia causes vascular calcification (VC), a strong predictor of mortality. Dysregulation of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) mediates hyperphosphatemia-dependent VC. However, the process through which lysosomes become dysfunctional remains unknown. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis. The present study examined the hypothesis that TFEB dysfunction causes VC progression. METHODS AND RESULTS Inorganic phosphate (Pi) dose-dependently promoted VC in mouse aorta ex vivo, in rat VSMCs in vitro, and in human aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro, all accompanied by a decrease in TFEB protein. Lysosomal inhibitors or TFEB knockdown using small interfering RNA exacerbated Pi-induced VC in VSMCs. Conversely, TFEB downregulation was not observed in the hypercalcemia-sensitive VC model induced by excessive vitamin D dosages. Feeding rats an adenine-containing diet caused CKD and hyperphosphatemia. VC occurred in the adenine-fed rat aorta and regressed after adenine cessation. In this CKD model, aortic TFEB expression decreased at VC onset but recovered to average levels during recovery from VC after adenine cessation. The calcified area of the CKD rat aorta exhibited lysosomal damage and enhanced TFEB ubiquitination. Hyperphosphatemia in vitro increased insoluble TFEB and decreased soluble TFEB in VSMCs, both of which were abrogated by the proteasome inhibitor, MG-132. CONCLUSION Hyperphosphatemia caused VC via TFEB downregulation in VSMCs. Under hyperphosphatemia, TFEB was insolubilized and degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Our results suggest a new mechanism for the pathogenesis of VC under CKD and hyperphosphatemia.
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Liu Q, Luo Y, Zhao Y, Xiang P, Zhu J, Jing W, Jin W, Chen M, Tang R, Yu H. Nano-hydroxyapatite accelerates vascular calcification via lysosome impairment and autophagy dysfunction in smooth muscle cells. Bioact Mater 2021; 8:478-493. [PMID: 34541414 PMCID: PMC8429627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a common characteristic of aging, diabetes, chronic renal failure, and atherosclerosis. The basic component of VC is hydroxyapatite (HAp). Nano-sized HAp (nHAp) has been identified to play an essential role in the development of pathological calcification of vasculature. However, whether nHAp can induce calcification in vivo and the mechanism of nHAp in the progression of VC remains unclear. We discovered that nHAp existed both in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and their extracellular matrix (ECM) in the calcified arteries from patients. Synthetic nHAp had similar morphological and chemical properties as natural nHAp recovered from calcified artery. nHAp stimulated osteogenic differentiation and accelerated mineralization of VSMCs in vitro. Synthetic nHAp could also directly induce VC in vivo. Mechanistically, nHAp was internalized into lysosome, which impaired lysosome vacuolar H+-ATPase for its acidification, therefore blocked autophagic flux in VSMCs. Lysosomal re-acidification by cyclic-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) significantly enhanced autophagic degradation and attenuated nHAp-induced calcification. The accumulated autophagosomes and autolysosomes were converted into calcium-containing exosomes which were secreted into ECM and accelerated vascular calcium deposit. Inhibition of exosome release in VSMCs decreased calcium deposition. Altogether, our results demonstrated a repressive effect of nHAp on lysosomal acidification, which inhibited autophagic degradation and promoted a conversion of the accumulated autophagic vacuoles into exosomes that were loaded with undissolved nHAp, Ca2+, Pi and ALP. These exosomes bud off the plasma membrane, deposit within ECM, and form calcium nodules. Vascular calcification was thus accelerated by nHAP through blockage of autophagic flux in VSMCs. We first demonstrated that nHAp was internalized into the vascular cell in human calcified aorta. Nano-HAp impairs lysosomal acidification and degradation, and causesblockage of autophagy flux in VSMCs. The accumulated autophagosomes and autolysosomes induced by nHAp in VSMCs are converted into exosomes which promote calcification development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Pingping Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Jinyun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Wangwei Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Wenjing Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Mingyao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
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9
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Bhat OM, Yuan X, Kukreja RC, Li PL. Regulatory role of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in exosome secretion and osteogenic changes in smooth muscle cells lacking acid ceramidase gene. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21732. [PMID: 34143450 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100385r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acid ceramidase (murine gene code: Asah1) (50 kDa) belongs to N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase family. This enzyme is located in the lysosome, which mediates conversion of ceramide (CER) into sphingosine and free fatty acids at acidic pH. CER plays an important role in intracellular sphingolipid metabolism and its increase causes inflammation. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling on late endosomes (LEs)/lysosomes may control cargo selection, membrane biogenesis, and exosome secretion, which may be fine controlled by lysosomal sphingolipids such as CER. This lysosomal-CER-mTOR signaling may be a crucial molecular mechanism responsible for development of arterial medial calcification (AMC). Torin-1 (5 mg/kg/day), an mTOR inhibitor, significantly decreased aortic medial calcification accompanied with decreased expression of osteogenic markers like osteopontin (OSP) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and upregulation of smooth muscle 22α (SM22-α) in mice receiving high dose of Vitamin D (500 000 IU/kg/day). Asah1fl/fl /SMCre mice had markedly increased co-localization of mTORC1 with lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (Lamp-1) (lysosome marker) and decreased co-localization of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 (VPS16) (a multivesicular bodies [MVBs] marker) with Lamp-1, suggesting mTOR activation caused reduced MVBs interaction with lysosomes. Torin-1 significantly reduced the co-localization of mTOR vs Lamp-1, increased lysosome-MVB interaction which was associated with reduced accumulation of CD63 and annexin 2 (exosome markers) in the coronary arterial wall of mice. Using coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs), Pi -stimulation significantly increased p-mTOR expression in Asah1fl/fl /SMCre CASMCs as compared to WT/WT cells associated with increased calcium deposition and mineralization. Torin-1 blocked Pi -induced calcium deposition and mineralization. siRNA mTOR and Torin-1 significantly reduce co-localization of mTORC1 with Lamp-1, increased VPS16 vs Lamp-1 co-localization in Pi -stimulated CASMCs, associated with decreased exosome release. Functionally, Torin-1 significantly reduces arterial stiffening as shown by restoration from increased pulse wave velocity and decreased elastin breaks. These results suggest that lysosomal CER-mTOR signaling may play a critical role for the control of lysosome-MVB interaction, exosome secretion and arterial stiffening during AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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10
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Ma WQ, Sun XJ, Zhu Y, Liu NF. PDK4 promotes vascular calcification by interfering with autophagic activity and metabolic reprogramming. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:991. [PMID: 33203874 PMCID: PMC7673024 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is an important mitochondrial matrix enzyme in cellular energy regulation. Previous studies suggested that PDK4 is increased in the calcified vessels of patients with atherosclerosis and is closely associated with mitochondrial function, but the precise regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the role of PDK4 in vascular calcification and the molecular mechanisms involved. Using a variety of complementary techniques, we found impaired autophagic activity in the process of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification, whereas knocking down PDK4 had the opposite effect. PDK4 drives the metabolic reprogramming of VSMCs towards a Warburg effect, and the inhibition of PDK4 abrogates VSMCs calcification. Mechanistically, PDK4 disturbs the integrity of the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, concomitantly impairing mitochondrial respiratory capacity, which contributes to a decrease in lysosomal degradation by inhibiting the V-ATPase and lactate dehydrogenase B interaction. PDK4 also inhibits the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor EB, thus inhibiting lysosomal function. These changes result in the interruption of autophagic flux, which accelerates calcium deposition in VSMCs. In addition, glycolysis serves as a metabolic adaptation to improve VSMCs oxidative stress resistance, whereas inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxy-D-glucose induces the apoptosis of VSMCs and increases the calcium deposition in VSMCs. Our results suggest that PDK4 plays a key role in vascular calcification through autophagy inhibition and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jiao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.
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11
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Vitte J, Michel M, Mezouar S, Diallo AB, Boumaza A, Mege JL, Desnues B. Immune Modulation as a Therapeutic Option During the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: The Case for Antimalarial Aminoquinolines. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2159. [PMID: 32983179 PMCID: PMC7484884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread, severity, and lack of specific treatment for COVID-19 resulted in hasty drug repurposing. Conceptually, trials of antivirals were well-accepted, but twentieth century antimalarials sparked an impassioned global debate. Notwithstanding, antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of aminoquinolines have been investigated in vitro, in vivo and in clinical trials for more than 30 years. We review the mechanisms of action of (hydroxy)chloroquine on immune cells and networks and discuss promises and pitfalls in the fight against SARS-CoV-2, the agent of the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vitte
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Moïse Michel
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Aïssatou Bailo Diallo
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Asma Boumaza
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Desnues
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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12
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Zhou J, Zhou H, Liu C, Huang L, Lu D, Gao C. HDAC1-mediated deacetylation of LSD1 regulates vascular calcification by promoting autophagy in chronic renal failure. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8636-8649. [PMID: 32596952 PMCID: PMC7412400 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is commonly associated with various adverse consequences including pathological vascular calcification (VC), which represents a significant clinical concern. Existing literature has suggested the involvement of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the progression of CRF‐induced VC. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with HDACs remain largely unknown. Therefore, we established the adenine‐induced CRF rat model and in vitro VC models based on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to examine HDAC1/lysine demethylase 1A (LSD1)/SESN2 as a novel molecular pathway in CRF‐induced VC. Our initial results demonstrated that HDAC1 reduced the formation of VC in vivo and in vitro. HDAC1 was found to deacetylate LSD1, which subsequently led to impaired transcriptional activity in CRF‐induced VC. Moreover, our results illustrated that LSD1 diminished the enrichment of H3K4me2 at the SESN2 promoter. Autophagy was identified as a vasculo‐protective element against calcification in VC. Finally, we found that the inhibitory effects of HDAC1 overexpression on VC were partially abolished via over‐expressed LSD1 in adenine‐induced CRF model rats and in high phosphate‐induced VSMCs. Taken together, these results highlight the crucial role of HDAC1 as an antagonistic factor in the progression of VC in CRF, and also revealed a novel regulatory mechanism by which HDAC1 operates. These findings provide significant insight and a fresh perspective into promising novel treatment strategies by up‐regulating HDAC1 in CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Zhou
- Kidney Department, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Caixin Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Kidney Department, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Dongmei Lu
- Kidney Department, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chaoqing Gao
- Kidney Department, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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13
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Varisli L, Cen O, Vlahopoulos S. Dissecting pharmacological effects of chloroquine in cancer treatment: interference with inflammatory signaling pathways. Immunology 2020; 159:257-278. [PMID: 31782148 PMCID: PMC7011648 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquines are 4-aminoquinoline-based drugs mainly used to treat malaria. At pharmacological concentrations, they have significant effects on tissue homeostasis, targeting diverse signaling pathways in mammalian cells. A key target pathway is autophagy, which regulates macromolecule turnover in the cell. In addition to affecting cellular metabolism and bioenergetic flow equilibrium, autophagy plays a pivotal role at the interface between inflammation and cancer progression. Chloroquines consequently have critical effects in tissue metabolic activity and importantly, in key functions of the immune system. In this article, we will review the work addressing the role of chloroquines in the homeostasis of mammalian tissue, and the potential strengths and weaknesses concerning their use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Union of Education and Science Workers (EGITIM SEN), Diyarbakir Branch, Diyarbakir, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Osman Cen
- Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Joliet Jr College, Joliet, IL, USA
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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