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Maciel F, Madureira L, Geada P, Teixeira JA, Silva J, Vicente AA. The potential of Pavlovophyceae species as a source of valuable carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids for human consumption. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 74:108381. [PMID: 38777244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are a group of microorganisms, mostly photoautotrophs with high CO2 fixation capacity, that have gained increased attention in the last decades due to their ability to produce a wide range of valuable metabolites, such as carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, for application in food/feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical industries. Their increasing relevance has highlighted the importance of identifying and culturing new bioactive-rich microalgae species, as well as of a thorough understanding of the growth conditions to optimize the biomass production and master the biochemical composition according to the desired application. Thus, this review intends to describe the main cell processes behind the production of carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in order to understand the possible main triggers responsible for the accumulation of those biocompounds. Their economic value and the biological relevance for human consumption are also summarized. In addition, an extensive review of the impact of culture conditions on microalgae growth performance and their biochemical composition is presented, focusing mainly on the studies involving Pavlovophyceae species. A complementary description of the biochemical composition of these microalgae is also presented, highlighting their potential applications as a promising bioresource of compounds for large-scale production and human and animal consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Maciel
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Leandro Madureira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Geada
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - José António Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Joana Silva
- ALLMICROALGAE, Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril 19, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal.
| | - António Augusto Vicente
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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2
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Camarena-Bernard C, Pozzobon V. Evolving perspectives on lutein production from microalgae - A focus on productivity and heterotrophic culture. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108375. [PMID: 38762164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Increased consumer awareness for healthier and more sustainable products has driven the search for naturally sourced compounds as substitutes for chemically synthesized counterparts. Research on pigments of natural origin, such as carotenoids, particularly lutein, has been increasing for over three decades. Lutein is recognized for its antioxidant and photoprotective activity. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier allows it to act at the eye and brain level and has been linked to benefits for vision, cognitive function and other conditions. While marigold flower is positioned as the only crop from which lutein is extracted from and commercialized, microalgae are proposed as an alternative with several advantages over this terrestrial crop. The main barrier to scaling up lutein production from microalgae to the commercial level is the low productivity compared to the high costs. This review explores strategies to enhance lutein production in microalgae by emphasizing the overall productivity over lutein content alone. Evaluation of how culture parameters, such as light quality, nitrogen sufficiency, temperature and even stress factors, affect lutein content and biomass development in batch phototrophic cultures was performed. Overall, the total lutein production remains low under this metabolic regime due to the low biomass productivity of photosynthetic batch cultures. For this reason, we describe findings on microalgal cultures grown under different metabolic regimes and culture protocols (fed-batch, pulse-feed, semi-batch, semi-continuous, continuous). After a careful literature examination, two-step heterotrophic or mixotrophic cultivation strategies are suggested to surpass the lutein productivity achieved in single-step photosynthetic cultures. Furthermore, this review highlights the urgent need to develop technical feasibility studies at a pilot scale for these cultivation strategies, which will strengthen the necessary techno-economic analyses to drive their commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Camarena-Bernard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres 51110 Pomacle, France; Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO), 45604 Tlaquepaque, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Victor Pozzobon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres 51110 Pomacle, France
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3
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Gee CW, Andersen-Ranberg J, Boynton E, Rosen RZ, Jorgens D, Grob P, Holman HYN, Niyogi KK. Implicating the red body of Nannochloropsis in forming the recalcitrant cell wall polymer algaenan. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5456. [PMID: 38937455 PMCID: PMC11211512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Stramenopile algae contribute significantly to global primary productivity, and one class, Eustigmatophyceae, is increasingly studied for applications in high-value lipid production. Yet much about their basic biology remains unknown, including the nature of an enigmatic, pigmented globule found in vegetative cells. Here, we present an in-depth examination of this "red body," focusing on Nannochloropsis oceanica. During the cell cycle, the red body forms adjacent to the plastid, but unexpectedly it is secreted and released with the autosporangial wall following cell division. Shed red bodies contain antioxidant ketocarotenoids, and overexpression of a beta-carotene ketolase results in enlarged red bodies. Infrared spectroscopy indicates long-chain, aliphatic lipids in shed red bodies and cell walls, and UHPLC-HRMS detects a C32 alkyl diol, a potential precursor of algaenan, a recalcitrant cell wall polymer. We propose that the red body transports algaenan precursors from plastid to apoplast to be incorporated into daughter cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Gee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Ethan Boynton
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Rachel Z Rosen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94702, USA
| | - Danielle Jorgens
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Patricia Grob
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hoi-Ying N Holman
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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4
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Fordjour E, Liu CL, Yang Y, Bai Z. Recent advances in lycopene and germacrene a biosynthesis and their role as antineoplastic drugs. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:254. [PMID: 38916754 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes and tetraterpenes are classes of plant-derived natural products with antineoplastic effects. While plant extraction of the sesquiterpene, germacrene A, and the tetraterpene, lycopene suffers supply chain deficits and poor yields, chemical synthesis has difficulties in separating stereoisomers. This review highlights cutting-edge developments in producing germacrene A and lycopene from microbial cell factories. We then summarize the antineoplastic properties of β-elemene (a thermal product from germacrene A), sesquiterpene lactones (metabolic products from germacrene A), and lycopene. We also elaborate on strategies to optimize microbial-based germacrene A and lycopene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fordjour
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chun-Li Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Yankun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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5
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Baldisserotto C, Gessi S, Ferraretto E, Merighi S, Ardondi L, Giacò P, Ferroni L, Nigro M, Travagli A, Pancaldi S. Cultivation modes affect the morphology, biochemical composition, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the green microalga Neochloris oleoabundans. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01958-7. [PMID: 38864933 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered promising sustainable sources of natural bioactive compounds to be used in biotechnological sectors. In recent years, attention is increasingly given to the search of microalgae-derived compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties for nutraceutical or pharmacological issues. In this context, attention is usually focused on the composition and bioactivity of algae or their extracts, while less interest is driven to their biological features, for example, those related to morphology and cultivation conditions. In addition, specific studies on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of microalgae mainly concern Chlorella or Spirulina. The present work was focused on the characterization of the Chlorophyta Neochloris oleoabundans under two combinations of cultivation modes: autotrophy and glucose-induced mixotrophy, each followed by starvation. Biomass for morphological and biochemical characterization, as well as for extract preparation, was harvested at the end of each cultivation phase. Analyses indicated a different content of the most important classes of bioactive compounds with antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties (lipids, exo-polysaccharides, pigments, total phenolics, and proteins). In particular, the most promising condition able to prompt the production of antioxidant algal biomass with anti-inflammatory properties was the mixotrophic one. Under mixotrophy, beside an elevated algal biomass production, a strong photosynthetic metabolism with high appression of thylakoid membranes and characteristics of high photo-protection from oxidative damage was observed and linked to the overproduction of exo-polysaccharides and lipids rather than pigments. Overall, mixotrophy appears a good choice to produce natural bioactive extracts, potentially well tolerated by human metabolism and environmentally sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baldisserotto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Ferraretto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Ardondi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - P Giacò
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Seger M, Mammadova F, Villegas-Valencia M, Bastos de Freitas B, Chang C, Isachsen I, Hemstreet H, Abualsaud F, Boring M, Lammers PJ, Lauersen KJ. Engineered ketocarotenoid biosynthesis in the polyextremophilic red microalga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D. Metab Eng Commun 2023; 17:e00226. [PMID: 37449053 PMCID: PMC10336515 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2023.e00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyextremophilic Cyanidiophyceae are eukaryotic red microalgae with promising biotechnological properties arising from their low pH and elevated temperature requirements which can minimize culture contamination at scale. Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D is a cell wall deficient species with a fully sequenced genome that is amenable to nuclear transgene integration by targeted homologous recombination. C. merolae maintains a minimal carotenoid profile and here, we sought to determine its capacity for ketocarotenoid accumulation mediated by heterologous expression of a green algal β-carotene ketolase (BKT) and hydroxylase (CHYB). To achieve this, a synthetic transgene expression cassette system was built to integrate and express Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr) sourced enzymes by fusing native C. merolae transcription, translation and chloroplast targeting signals to codon-optimized coding sequences. Chloramphenicol resistance was used to select for the integration of synthetic linear DNAs into a neutral site within the host genome. CrBKT expression caused accumulation of canthaxanthin and adonirubin as major carotenoids while co-expression of CrBKT with CrCHYB generated astaxanthin as the major carotenoid in C. merolae. Unlike green algae and plants, ketocarotenoid accumulation in C. merolae did not reduce total carotenoid contents, but chlorophyll a reduction was observed. Light intensity affected global ratios of all pigments but not individual pigment compositions and phycocyanin contents were not markedly different between parental strain and transformants. Continuous illumination was found to encourage biomass accumulation and all strains could be cultivated in simulated summer conditions from two different extreme desert environments. Our findings present the first example of carotenoid metabolic engineering in a red eukaryotic microalga and open the possibility for use of C. merolae 10D for simultaneous production of phycocyanin and ketocarotenoid pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Seger
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Fakhriyya Mammadova
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Melany Villegas-Valencia
- Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bárbara Bastos de Freitas
- Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Clarissa Chang
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Iona Isachsen
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Haley Hemstreet
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Fatimah Abualsaud
- Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Malia Boring
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Peter J. Lammers
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Kyle J. Lauersen
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
- Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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7
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Siddiqui SA, Azmy Harahap I, Suthar P, Wu YS, Ghosh N, Castro-Muñoz R. A Comprehensive Review of Phytonutrients as a Dietary Therapy for Obesity. Foods 2023; 12:3610. [PMID: 37835263 PMCID: PMC10572887 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex medical condition mainly caused by eating habits, genetics, lifestyle, and medicine. The present study deals with traditional diets like the Mediterranean diet, Nordic diet, African Heritage diet, Asian diet, and DASH, as these are considered to be sustainable diets for curing obesity. However, the bioavailability of phytonutrients consumed in the diet may vary, depending on several factors such as digestion and absorption of phytonutrients, interaction with other substances, cooking processes, and individual differences. Hence, several phytochemicals, like polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, etc., have been investigated to assess their efficiencies and safety in the prevention and treatment of obesity. These phytochemicals have anti-obesity effects, mediated via modulation of many pathways, such as decreased lipogenesis, lipid absorption, accelerated lipolysis, energy intake, expenditure, and preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation. Owing to these anti-obesity effects, new food formulations incorporating these phytonutrients were introduced that can be beneficial in reducing the prevalence of obesity and promoting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | | | - Priyanka Suthar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Nibedita Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati 781017, Assam, India;
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Av. Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Nishida Y, Berg PC, Shakersain B, Hecht K, Takikawa A, Tao R, Kakuta Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Maoka T. Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37888449 PMCID: PMC10608541 DOI: 10.3390/md21100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for its role in imparting the characteristic red-pink color to various organisms, AX is currently experiencing a surge in interest and research. The growing body of literature in this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities and properties. However, the potential of algae-derived AX as a solution to various global environmental and societal challenges that threaten life on our planet has not received extensive attention. Furthermore, the historical context and the role of AX in nature, as well as its significance in diverse cultures and traditional health practices, have not been comprehensively explored in previous works. This review article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the history leading up to the present, offering insights into the discovery of AX, its chemical and physical attributes, distribution in organisms, and biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and the current market status of AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions. An updated summary of AXs health benefits, its present market status, and potential future applications are also included for a well-rounded perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | | | - Behnaz Shakersain
- AstaReal AB, Signum, Forumvägen 14, Level 16, 131 53 Nacka, Sweden; (P.C.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Ruohan Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Yumeka Kakuta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
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Almutairi AW. Phenol phycoremediation by Haematococcus pluvialis coupled with enhanced astaxanthin and lipid production under rac-GR24 supplementation for enhanced biodiesel production. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103681. [PMID: 37213694 PMCID: PMC10197103 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the impact of rac-GR24 on biomass and astaxanthin production under phenol stress coupled with biodiesel recovery from Haematococcus pluvialis. Phenol supplementation showed negative impact on growth, where the lowest biomass productivity of 0.027 g L-1 day-1 was recorded at 10 µM phenol, while 0.4 µM rac-GR24 supplementation showed the highest recorded biomass productivity of 0.063 g L-1 day-1. Coupling 0.4 µM rac-GR24 at different phenol concentrations confirmed the potential of rac-GR24 to mitigate the toxic effect of phenol by enhancing yield of PSII yield, RuBISCo activity, and antioxidant efficiency, which resulted in improved phenol phycoremediation efficiency. In addition, results suggested a synergistic action by rac-GR24 supplementation under phenol treatment where rac-GR24 enhanced lipid accumulation, while phenol enhanced astaxanthin production. Dual supplementation of rac-GR24 and phenol showed the highest recorded FAMEs content, which was 32.6% higher than the control, with improved biodiesel quality. The suggested approach could enhance the economic feasibility of triple-purpose application of microalgae in wastewater treatment, astaxanthin recovery, and biodiesel production.
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10
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Genetic Improvement to Obtain Specialized Haematococcus pluvialis Genotypes for the Production of Carotenoids, with Particular Reference to Astaxanthin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the search for natural substances with a high nutraceutical effect positively impact the world market. Among the most attractive macromolecules are antioxidants, capable of preventing the development of various pathologies. Astaxanthin (ASX) is antioxidant molecule produced by the microalga H. pluvialis as a response to different types of stress. Usually, astaxanthin production involves the first phase of accumulation of the biomass of H. pluvialis (green phase), which is then stressed to stimulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of ASX (red phase). In this study, the H. pluvialis wild-type strain was subjected to random mutagenesis by UV. Among the different mutant strains obtained, only two showed interesting bio-functional characteristics, such as a good growth rate. The results demonstrated that the HM1010 mutant not only has a higher growth trend than the WT mutant but accumulates and produces ASX even in the green phase. This innovative genotype would guarantee the continuous production of ASX, not linked to the two-step process and the uniqueness of the product obtained.
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Oerke EC, Juraschek L, Steiner U. Hyperspectral mapping of the response of grapevine cultivars to Plasmopara viticola infection at the tissue scale. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:377-395. [PMID: 36173350 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Resistance of grapevine to Plasmopara viticola is associated with the hypersensitive reaction, accumulation of stilbenoids, and formation of callose depositions. Spectral characterization of infected leaf tissue of cvs 'Regent' and 'Solaris' with resistance genes Rpv 3-1 and Rpv 10 and Rpv 3-3, respectively, suggested that resistance is not dependent on large-scale necrotization of host tissue. Reactions of the resistant cultivars and a reference susceptible to P. viticola were studied using hyperspectral imaging (range 400-1000 nm) at the tissue level and microscopic techniques. Resistance of both cultivars was incomplete and allowed pathogen reproduction. Spectral vegetation indices characterized the host response to pathogen invasion; the vitality of infected and necrotic leaf tissue differed significantly. Resistance depended on local accumulation of polyphenols in response to haustorium formation and was more effective for cv. 'Solaris'. Although hypersensitive reaction of some cells prevented colonization of palisade parenchyma, resistance was not associated with extensive necrotization of tissue, and the biotrophic pathogen survived localized death of penetrated host cells. Hyperspectral imaging was suitable to characterize and differentiate the resistance reactions of grapevine cultivars by mapping of the cellular response to pathogen attack on the tissue level and yields useful information on host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich-Christian Oerke
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn, INRES - Plant Pathology, Nussallee 9, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Juraschek
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn, INRES - Plant Pathology, Nussallee 9, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Steiner
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn, INRES - Plant Pathology, Nussallee 9, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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12
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Hien HTM, Oanh HT, Quynh QT, Thu NTH, Van Hanh N, Hong DD, Hoang MH. Astaxanthin-loaded nanoparticles enhance its cell uptake, antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities in multiple cell lines. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Semenov AN, Gvozdev DA, Zlenko DV, Protasova EA, Khashimova AR, Parshina EY, Baizhumanov AA, Lotosh NY, Kim EE, Kononevich YN, Pakhomov AA, Selishcheva AA, Sluchanko NN, Shirshin EA, Maksimov EG. Modulation of Membrane Microviscosity by Protein-Mediated Carotenoid Delivery as Revealed by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:905. [PMID: 36295665 PMCID: PMC9609150 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are potent antioxidants with a wide range of biomedical applications. However, their delivery into human cells is challenging and relatively inefficient. While the use of natural water-soluble carotenoproteins capable to reversibly bind carotenoids and transfer them into membranes is promising, the quantitative estimation of the delivery remains unclear. In the present work, we studied echinenone (ECN) delivery by cyanobacterial carotenoprotein AnaCTDH (C-terminal domain homolog of the Orange Carotenoid Protein from Anabaena), into liposome membranes labelled with BODIPY fluorescent probe. We observed that addition of AnaCTDH-ECN to liposomes led to the significant changes in the fast-kinetic component of the fluorescence decay curve, pointing on the dipole-dipole interactions between the probe and ECN within the membrane. It may serve as an indirect evidence of ECN delivery into membrane. To study the delivery in detail, we carried out molecular dynamics modeling of the localization of ECN within the lipid bilayer and calculate its orientation factor. Next, we exploited FRET to assess concentration of ECN delivered by AnaCTDH. Finally, we used time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy to assess changes in microviscosity of liposomal membranes. Incorporation of liposomes with β-carotene increased membrane microviscosity while the effect of astaxanthin and its mono- and diester forms was less pronounced. At temperatures below 30 °C addition of AnaCTDH-ECN increased membrane microviscosity in a concentration-dependent manner, supporting the protein-mediated carotenoid delivery mechanism. Combining all data, we propose FRET-based analysis and assessment of membrane microviscosity as potent approaches to characterize the efficiency of carotenoids delivery into membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N. Semenov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Danil A. Gvozdev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Zlenko
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena A. Protasova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia R. Khashimova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgenia Yu. Parshina
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Adil A. Baizhumanov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu. Lotosh
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Acad. Kurchatov Sq., Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Eleonora E. Kim
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuriy N. Kononevich
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Pakhomov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alla A. Selishcheva
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Acad. Kurchatov Sq., Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Nikolai N. Sluchanko
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Shirshin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Biomedical Science and Technology Park, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Fizicheskaya Str., Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia
| | - Eugene G. Maksimov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
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14
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Darwesh OM, Mahmoud RH, Abdo SM, Marrez DA. Isolation of Haematococcus lacustris as source of novel anti-multi-antibiotic resistant microbes agents; fractionation and identification of bioactive compounds. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 35:e00753. [PMID: 35864885 PMCID: PMC9294494 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, freshwater microalga, Haematococcus lacustris was isolated from the River Nile, identified and deposited in genebank under name of H. lacustris isolate REH10 with accession number OK336515. N-hexane extract was produced high inhibition effects against multi-antibiotic resistant pathogens. The n-Hexane extract was fractionated and 2 fractions (F3 & F4) exhibited high antibacterial activity (15 - 20 mm) compared with other fractions. Thus, they sub-fractionated and 2 sub-fractions produced from the F3 had high inhibition activity against all tested pathogens (18-20 mm). To identify the main compounds responsible for inhibition growth of multi-drug resistance bacteria, GC-MS chromatogram analyses was applied on the F3 and its sub-fractions 2 and 3. Five compounds detected in the 2 sub-fractions. Palmitic acid was identified as the first report antibacterial agent. The antioxidant activity of SF3-3 was reached to 86 and 80.5% for DPPH and ABTS.+ tests, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M. Darwesh
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Rehab H. Mahmoud
- Water Pollution Research department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Sayeda M. Abdo
- Water Pollution Research department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Diaa A. Marrez
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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15
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Basiony M, Ouyang L, Wang D, Yu J, Zhou L, Zhu M, Wang X, Feng J, Dai J, Shen Y, Zhang C, Hua Q, Yang X, Zhang L. Optimization of microbial cell factories for astaxanthin production: Biosynthesis and regulations, engineering strategies and fermentation optimization strategies. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:689-704. [PMID: 35261927 PMCID: PMC8866108 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The global market demand for natural astaxanthin is rapidly increasing owing to its safety, the potential health benefits, and the diverse applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The major native producers of natural astaxanthin on industrial scale are the alga Haematococcus pluvialis and the yeast Xanthopyllomyces dendrorhous. However, the natural production via these native producers is facing challenges of limited yield and high cost of cultivation and extraction. Alternatively, astaxanthin production via metabolically engineered non-native microbial cell factories such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica is another promising strategy to overcome these limitations. In this review we summarize the recent scientific and biotechnological progresses on astaxanthin biosynthetic pathways, transcriptional regulations, the interrelation with lipid metabolism, engineering strategies as well as fermentation process control in major native and non-native astaxanthin producers. These progresses illuminate the prospects of producing astaxanthin by microbial cell factories on industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Basiony
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Danni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiaming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mohan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yijie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chengguo Zhang
- Shandong Jincheng Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 117 Qixing River Road, Zibo, 255130, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiuliang Yang
- Shandong Jincheng Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 117 Qixing River Road, Zibo, 255130, Shandong, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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16
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Wang X, Mou JH, Qin ZH, Hao TB, Zheng L, Buhagiar J, Liu YH, Balamurugan S, He Y, Lin CSK, Yang WD, Li HY. Supplementation with rac-GR24 Facilitates the Accumulation of Biomass and Astaxanthin in Two Successive Stages of Haematococcus pluvialis Cultivation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4677-4689. [PMID: 35384649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular freshwater green alga Haematococcus pluvialis has attracted much research attention due to its biosynthetic ability for large amounts of astaxanthin, a blood-red ketocarotenoid that is used in cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Recently, numerous studies have investigated the functions of natural astaxanthin; however, the high cost of the production of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis cultures restricts its commercial viability. There is an urgent need to fulfill commercial demands by increasing astaxanthin accumulation from H. pluvialis cultures. In this study, we discovered that treatment of H. pluvialis cultures at the beginning of the macrozooid stage (day 0) with 1 μM rac-GR24, a synthetic analogue of strigolactones (a class of phytohormones), led to significant increases in biomass [up to a maximum dry cell weight (DCW) of 0.53 g/L] during the macrozooid stage and astaxanthin (from 0.63 to 5.32% of DCW) during the hematocyst stage. We elucidated that this enhancement of biomass accumulation during the macrozooid stage by rac-GR24 is due to its increasing CO2 utilization efficiency in photosynthesis and carbohydrate biosynthesis. We also found that rac-GR24 stimulated the overproduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and antioxidant enzymes in H. pluvialis cultures, which alleviated the oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species generated during the hematocyst stage due to the exhaustion of nitrogen supplies. Moreover, rac-GR24 treatment of H. pluvialis synergistically altered the activity of the pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis and astaxanthin esterification, which resulted in larger amounts of astaxanthin being generated by rac-GR24-treated cultures than by controls. In summary, we have developed a feasible and economic rac-GR24-assisted strategy that increases the amounts of biomass and astaxanthin generated by H. pluvialis cultures, and have provided novel insights into the mechanistic roles of rac-GR24 to achieve these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jin-Hua Mou
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zi-Hao Qin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Ting-Bin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Joseph Buhagiar
- Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida 2080, Malta
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | | | - Yuhe He
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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17
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Takeshita T, Takita K, Ishii K, Kazama Y, Abe T, Kawano S. Robust Mutants Isolated through Heavy-Ion Beam Irradiation and Endurance Screening in the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis. CYTOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.86.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Takeshita
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kaori Takita
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kotaro Ishii
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Yusuke Kazama
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Tomoko Abe
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science
| | - Shigeyuki Kawano
- Functional Biotechnology PJ, Future Center Initiative, The University of Tokyo
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18
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Viazau YV, Goncharik RG, Kulikov EA, Selishcheva AA. Pigment Composition of Haematococcus pluvialis Green Alga under the Action of Several Inducers of Astaxanthin Accumulation. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821080081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Ahirwar A, Meignen G, Jahir Khan M, Sirotiya V, Scarsini M, Roux S, Marchand J, Schoefs B, Vinayak V. "Light modulates transcriptomic dynamics upregulating astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus: A review". BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125707. [PMID: 34371336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is a green alga that can accumulate high astaxanthin content, a commercially demanding market keto food. Due to its high predicted market value of about 3.4 billion USD in 2027, it is essential to increase its production. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the genetic mechanism and gene expressions profile during astaxanthin synthesis. The effect of poly- and mono-chromatic light of different wavelengths and different intensities have shown to influence the gene expression towards astaxanthin production. This includes transcriptomic gene analysis in H. pluvialis underneath different levels of illumination stress. This review has placed the most recent data on the effects of light on bioastaxanthin production in the context of previous studies, which were more focused on the biochemical and physiological sides. Doing so, it contributes to delineate new ways along the biotechnological process with the aim to increase bioastaxanthin production while decreasing production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankesh Ahirwar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Gurvan Meignen
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Vandana Sirotiya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Matteo Scarsini
- Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Sylvain Roux
- BIO-CONCEPT Scientific, 12 rue de l'Europe, F-14220 Tournebu, France
| | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India.
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20
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Viazau YV, Goncharik RG, Kulikova IS, Kulikov EA, Vasilov RG, Selishcheva AA. E/Z isomerization of astaxanthin and its monoesters in vitro under the exposure to light or heat and in overilluminated Haematococcus pluvialis cells. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:55. [PMID: 38650253 PMCID: PMC10992054 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermo- and photoisomerization of astaxanthin was investigated in a model system (solutions in methanol and chloroform), and the dynamics of astaxanthin isomers and esters content was analyzed in Haematococcus pluvialis green algal cells exposed to factors inducing astaxanthin accumulation. In both systems, the astaxanthin isomerization process seems to be defined by a) the action of light (or heat), and b) the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium. Upon heating, the accumulation of Z-isomers occurred in a model system during the entire incubation period. For the first 5 h of illumination, both Z-isomers accumulated in the solutions up to 5%, and then their content decreased. The accumulated amount of the Z-isomers in the cells of H. pluvialis was found to reach 42% of the total content of astaxanthin initially, and then it decreased during the experiment. The results lead to a conclusion that both cultivation of H. pluvialis culture in specific conditions and heat treatment of the resulting extracts from it might be efficient for obtaining large amounts of economically useful astaxanthin Z-isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauhen V Viazau
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Akademicheskaya St. 27, 220072, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Ruslan G Goncharik
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Akademicheskaya St. 27, 220072, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Irina S Kulikova
- National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Akademika Kurchatova Sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Kulikov
- National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Akademika Kurchatova Sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Raif G Vasilov
- National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Akademika Kurchatova Sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Alla A Selishcheva
- National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Akademika Kurchatova Sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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21
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Radice RP, Fiorentino R, De Luca M, Limongi AR, Viviano E, Bermano G, Martelli G. An innovative protocol to select the best growth phase for astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 31:e00655. [PMID: 34258244 PMCID: PMC8253952 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
H. pluvialis non-motile cells produce more astaxanthin. H. pluvialis cells could be separated, based on their size, by an electric field. H. pluvialis non-motile cells are bigger than motile cells, and it's possible to recovery non-motile cells using this innovative protocol.
H. pluvialis is a green unicellular microalgae and it is the first producer of natural astaxanthin in the world if subjected to stress conditions such as high light, high salinity and nutrient starvation. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant used in many fields, such as aquaculture, pharmaceutical, food supplements and cosmetic. To obtain a large amount of astaxanthin, researcher focused on the optimisation of H. pluvialis growth. H. pluvialis has four different size growth stage (macrozooids, microzooids, palmelloid and “red non-motile astaxanthin accumulated encysted”), and astaxanthin production occur in the last phase. Recent studies shown that non-motile cells can produce more astaxanthin than motile cells if subjected to light stress. For these reasons, the aim of this study is to find a new and innovative methodology to select and recovery H. pluvialis in his last growth phase thanks to an electrophoretic run, and optimize, in this way, astaxanthin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Paola Radice
- University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, 1 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy.,Bioinnova s.r.l.s, via Ponte Nove Luci 9, 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy.,Department of science, University of Basilicata, via dell'ateneo lucano 10
| | - Rocco Fiorentino
- University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, 1 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy
| | - Maria De Luca
- University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, 1 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy.,ALMACABIO Srl, C/so Italia 27, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Antonina Rita Limongi
- University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, 1 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy.,Bioinnova s.r.l.s, via Ponte Nove Luci 9, 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy
| | - Emanuele Viviano
- University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, 1 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy.,Thema Informatik s.r.l., Via Ressel 2/F, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bermano
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Martelli
- University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, 1 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy
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22
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Zachleder V, Ivanov IN, Kselíková V, Bialevich V, Vítová M, Ota S, Takeshita T, Kawano S, Bišová K. Characterization of Growth and Cell Cycle Events Affected by Light Intensity in the Green Alga Parachlorella kessleri: A New Model for Cell Cycle Research. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060891. [PMID: 34203860 PMCID: PMC8232753 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple fission is a cell cycle variation leading to the production of more than two daughter cells. Here, we used synchronized cultures of the chlorococcal green alga Parachlorella kessleri to study its growth and pattern of cell division under varying light intensities. The time courses of DNA replication, nuclear and cellular division, cell size, total RNA, protein content, dry matter and accumulation of starch were observed at incident light intensities of 110, 250 and 500 µmol photons m−2s−1. Furthermore, we studied the effect of deuterated water on Parachlorella kessleri growth and division, to mimic the effect of stress. We describe a novel multiple fission cell cycle pattern characterized by multiple rounds of DNA replication leading to cell polyploidization. Once completed, multiple nuclear divisions were performed with each of them, immediately followed by protoplast fission, terminated by the formation of daughter cells. The multiple fission cell cycle was represented by several consecutive doublings of growth parameters, each leading to the start of a reproductive sequence. The number of growth doublings increased with increasing light intensity and led to division into more daughter cells. This study establishes the baseline for cell cycle research at the molecular level as well as for potential biotechnological applications, particularly directed synthesis of (deuterated) starch and/or neutral lipids as carbon and energy reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilém Zachleder
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (I.N.I.); (V.K.); (V.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Ivan N. Ivanov
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (I.N.I.); (V.K.); (V.B.); (M.V.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kselíková
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (I.N.I.); (V.K.); (V.B.); (M.V.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vitali Bialevich
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (I.N.I.); (V.K.); (V.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Milada Vítová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (I.N.I.); (V.K.); (V.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Shuhei Ota
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Takeshita
- The University of Tokyo Future Center Initiative, Wakashiba 178 4 4, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan; (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Shigeyuki Kawano
- The University of Tokyo Future Center Initiative, Wakashiba 178 4 4, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan; (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Kateřina Bišová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (I.N.I.); (V.K.); (V.B.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-384-340-480
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23
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Kraus D, Kleiber A, Ehrhardt E, Leifheit M, Horbert P, Urban M, Gleichmann N, Mayer G, Popp J, Henkel T. Three step flow focusing enables image-based discrimination and sorting of late stage 1 Haematococcus pluvialis cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249192. [PMID: 33780476 PMCID: PMC8007022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Label-free and gentle separation of cell stages with desired target properties from mixed stage populations are a major research task in modern biotechnological cultivation process and optimization of micro algae. The reported microfluidic sorter system (MSS) allows the subsequent investigation of separated subpopulations. The implementation of a viability preserving MSS is shown for separation of late stage 1 Haematococcus pluvialis (HP) cells form a mixed stage population. The MSS combines a three-step flow focusing unit for aligning the cells in single file transportation mode at the center of the microfluidic channel with a pure hydrodynamic sorter structure for cell sorting. Lateral displacement of the cells into one of the two outlet channels is generated by piezo-actuated pump chambers. In-line decision making for sorting is based on a user-definable set of image features and properties. The reported MSS significantly increased the purity of target cells in the sorted population (94%) in comparison to the initial mixed stage population (19%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kraus
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Enrico Ehrhardt
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien e. V. (GMBU), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Leifheit
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien e. V. (GMBU), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peter Horbert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Günter Mayer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Henkel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
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24
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Changes in lipid and carotenoid metabolism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during induction of CO2-concentrating mechanism: Cellular response to low CO2 stress. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production of Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin: Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin shows many biological activities. It has acquired a high economic potential and its current market is dominated by its synthetic form. However, due to the increase of the health and environmental concerns from consumers, natural forms are now preferred for human consumption. Haematococcus pluvialis is artificially cultured at an industrial scale to produce astaxanthin used as a dietary supplement. However, due to the high cost of its cultivation and its relatively low biomass and pigment productivities, the astaxanthin extracted from this microalga remains expensive and this has probably the consequence of slowing down its economic development in the lower added-value market such as food ingredient. In this review, we first aim to provide an overview of the chemical and biochemical properties of astaxanthin, as well as of its natural sources. We discuss its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activities. We present a state-of-the-art of the biology and physiology of H. pluvialis, and highlight novel insights into the biotechnological processes which allow optimizing the biomass and astaxanthin productivities. We are trying to identify some lines of research that would improve the industrial sustainability and economic viability of this bio-production and to broaden the commercial potential of astaxanthin produced from H. pluvialis.
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26
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Azizi M, Moteshafi H, Hashemi M. A novel CO 2 steady feeding based on the pH steady strategy data in the Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation to maximize the cell growth and carbon bio-sequestration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123752. [PMID: 32629377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two common strategies to feed the CO2 are pH steady (PS) and CO2 steady (CS). An innovative strategy called ''CSBPS (CS feeding based on PS data)" in comparison to the 0.04% CS, 5% CS, and PS approaches improved the Haematococcus pluvialis growth and carbon bio-sequestration. The optimum concentration of CO2 was estimated based on the PS cultivation data and fed to culture media using the CS approach with no buffering agent. The biomass productivity, CO2 bio-fixation rate, and rubisco activity under CSBPS strategy were 127, 121, and 65% higher than 0.04% CS strategy, respectively. The DIC concentration 177-230 (mg/L) and C/N ratio 0.48-0.76 were found promising for cell growth through increasing the rubisco activities under CSBPS strategy by 65, 54 and, 4% higher than 0.04% CS, 5% CS and PS strategies, respectively. The presented strategy provides a promising eco-friendly approach to reduce the CO2 losses and the production cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Azizi
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Hadis Moteshafi
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
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27
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Ho KKHY, Redan BW. Impact of thermal processing on the nutrients, phytochemicals, and metal contaminants in edible algae. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:508-526. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1821598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kacie K. H. Y. Ho
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Benjamin W. Redan
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Bedford Park, Illinois, USA
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Nanosecond pulsed electric fields modulate the expression of the astaxanthin biosynthesis genes psy, crtR-b and bkt 1 in Haematococcus pluvialis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15508. [PMID: 32968095 PMCID: PMC7511312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) have been extensively studied with respect to cellular responses. Whether nsPEFs can regulate gene expression and to modulate the synthesis of valuable compounds, has so far been only tested in the context of apoptosis in cancer cells. We used the unicellular algae Haematococcus pluvialis as system to test, whether nsPEFs could alter gene expression and to promote the biosynthesis of astaxanthin. We find that nsPEFs induce a mild, but significant increase of mortality up to about 20%, accompanied by a moderate increase of astaxanthin accumulation. Steady-state transcript levels of three key genes psy, crtR-b and bkt 1 were seen to increase with a maximum at 3 d after PEF treatment at 50 ns. Pulsing at 25 ns reduce the transcripts of psy, crtR-b from around day 2 after the pulse, while those of bkt 1 remain unchanged. By blocking the membrane-located NADPH oxidase RboH, diphenylene iodonium by itself increased both, the levels of astaxanthin and transcripts of all three biosynthetic genes, and this increase was added up to that produced by nsPEFs. Artificial calcium influx by an ionophore did not induce major changes in the accumulation of astaxanthin, nor in the transcript levels, but amplified the response of crtR-b to nsPEFs at 25 ns, while decreased in 50 ns treatment. When Ca2+ influx was inhibited by GdCl3, the transcript of psy and bkt 1 were decreased for both 25 ns and 50 ns treatments, while crtR-b exhibited an obvious increase for the 25 ns treatment. We interpret these data in a working model, where nsPEFs permeabilise plasma and chloroplast membrane depending on pulse duration leading to a differential release of plastid retrograde signaling to the nucleus.
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29
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Kawasaki S, Yamazaki K, Nishikata T, Ishige T, Toyoshima H, Miyata A. Photooxidative stress-inducible orange and pink water-soluble astaxanthin-binding proteins in eukaryotic microalga. Commun Biol 2020; 3:490. [PMID: 32895456 PMCID: PMC7477208 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant known as a natural sunscreen, accumulates in eukaryotic microalgae and confers photoprotection. We previously identified a photooxidative stress-inducible water-soluble astaxanthin-binding carotenoprotein (AstaP) in a eukaryotic microalga (Coelastrella astaxanthina Ki-4) isolated from an extreme environment. The distribution in eukaryotic microalgae remains unknown. Here we identified three novel AstaP orthologs in a eukaryotic microalga, Scenedesmus sp. Oki-4N. The purified proteins, named AstaP-orange2, AstaP-pink1, and AstaP-pink2, were identified as secreted fasciclin proteins with potent 1O2 quenching activity in aqueous solution, which are characteristics shared with Ki-4 AstaP. Nonetheless, the absence of glycosylation in the AstaP-pinks, the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor motif in AstaP-orange2, and highly acidic isoelectric points (pI = 3.6-4.7), differed significantly from that of AstaP-orange1 (pI = 10.5). These results provide unique examples on the use of water-soluble forms of astaxanthin in photosynthetic organisms as novel strategies for protecting single cells against severe photooxidative stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Keita Yamazaki
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tohya Nishikata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Taichiro Ishige
- NODAI Genome Research Centre, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Toyoshima
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ami Miyata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
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30
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31
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Toyoshima H, Takaichi S, Kawasaki S. Water-soluble astaxanthin-binding protein (AstaP) from Coelastrella astaxanthina Ki-4 (Scenedesmaceae) involving in photo-oxidative stress tolerance. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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32
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Scodelaro Bilbao PG, Garelli A, Díaz M, Salvador GA, Leonardi PI. Crosstalk between sterol and neutral lipid metabolism in the alga Haematococcus pluvialis exposed to light stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158767. [PMID: 32736090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence, biosynthesis and functional role of sterols in the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis remain poorly understood. In this work we studied the effect of high-light (HL) stress on sterol synthesis in H. pluvialis UTEX 2505 cells. HL stress induced the synthesis of sterols in parallel with that of triacylglycerides (TAG), giving rise to the synthesis of cholesterol over that of phytosterols. Blockage of the carotenogenic 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (MEP) pathway is shown to be involved in HL-induced sterol synthesis. In addition, high irradiance exposure induced MEP- and fatty acid (FA)-biosynthetic transcripts. The pharmacological inhibition of these pathways suggests a possible feedback regulation of sterol and FA homeostasis. Finally, both lipid classes proved crucial to the adequate photosynthetic performance of H. pluvialis grown under HL intensity stress. Our findings reveal new insights into H. pluvialis lipid metabolism that contribute to the development of value-added bioproducts from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola G Scodelaro Bilbao
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS) (UNS-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Andrés Garelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB) (UNS-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marina Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Salvador
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB) (UNS-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Patricia I Leonardi
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS) (UNS-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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33
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Kim YE, Matter IA, Lee N, Jung M, Lee YC, Choi SA, Lee SY, Kim JR, Oh YK. Enhancement of astaxanthin production by Haematococcus pluvialis using magnesium aminoclay nanoparticles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123270. [PMID: 32253126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Improving the content and production of high-value ketocarotenoid pigments is critical for the commercialization of microalgal biorefineries. This study reported the use of magnesium aminoclay (MgAC) nanoparticles for enhancement of astaxanthin production by Haematococcus pluvialis in photoautotrophic cultures. Addition of 1.0 g/L MgAC significantly promoted cellular astaxanthin biosynthesis (302 ± 69 pg/cell), presumably by inducing tolerable oxidative stress, corresponding to a 13.7-fold higher production compared to that in the MgAC-untreated control (22 ± 2 pg/cell). The lipid content and cell size of H. pluvialis improved by 13.6- and 2.1-fold, respectively, compared to that of the control. Despite reduced cell numbers, the overall astaxanthin production (10.3 ± 0.4 mg/L) improved by 40% compared to the control (7.3 ± 0.6 mg/L), owing to improved biomass production. However, an MgAC dosage above 1.0 g/L inhibited biomass production by inducing electrostatic cell wall destabilization and aggregation. Therefore, MgAC-induced stimulation of algae varies widely based on their morphological and physiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ibrahim A Matter
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Agricultural Microbiology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Nakyeong Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyoung Jung
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Choi
- Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Lee
- Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Lundquist PK, Shivaiah KK, Espinoza-Corral R. Lipid droplets throughout the evolutionary tree. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 78:101029. [PMID: 32348789 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular lipid droplets are utilized for lipid storage and metabolism in organisms as evolutionarily diverse as animals, fungi, plants, bacteria, and archaea. These lipid droplets demonstrate great diversity in biological functions and protein and lipid compositions, yet fundamentally share common molecular and ultrastructural characteristics. Lipid droplet research has been largely fragmented across the diversity of lipid droplet classes and sub-classes. However, we suggest that there is great potential benefit to the lipid community in better integrating the lipid droplet research fields. To facilitate such integration, we survey the protein and lipid compositions, functional roles, and mechanisms of biogenesis across the breadth of lipid droplets studied throughout the natural world. We depict the big picture of lipid droplet biology, emphasizing shared characteristics and unique differences seen between different classes. In presenting the known diversity of lipid droplets side-by-side it becomes necessary to offer for the first time a consistent system of categorization and nomenclature. We propose a division into three primary classes that reflect their sub-cellular location: i) cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CYTO-LDs), that are present in the eukaryotic cytoplasm, ii) prokaryotic lipid droplets (PRO-LDs), that exist in the prokaryotic cytoplasm, and iii) plastid lipid droplets (PL-LDs), that are found in plant plastids, organelles of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Within each class there is a remarkable array of sub-classes displaying various sizes, shapes and compositions. A more integrated lipid droplet research field will provide opportunities to better build on discoveries and accelerate the pace of research in ways that have not been possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Lundquist
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Kiran-Kumar Shivaiah
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Roberto Espinoza-Corral
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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35
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Improved production of lutein and β-carotene by thermal and light intensity upshifts in the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp. CTP4. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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Lin B, Cui Y, Yan M, Wang Y, Gao Z, Meng C, Qin S. Construction of astaxanthin metabolic pathway in the green microalga Dunaliella viridis. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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37
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Singh DP, Khattar JS, Rajput A, Chaudhary R, Singh R. High production of carotenoids by the green microalga Asterarcys quadricellulare PUMCC 5.1.1 under optimized culture conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221930. [PMID: 31490970 PMCID: PMC6730905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since carotenoids are important as natural colorants, antioxidants, neutraceutics and pharmaceutics, the aim of the present study was to find a new good source of these pigments. We hereby report a green microalga Asterarcys quadricellulare PUMCC 5.1.1 as a new and good producer of carotenoids. The organism produced 35±1.75 μg carotenoids mg-1 dry biomass during stationary phase in control cultures. The growth and carotenoids production by the test microalga were optimized by varying nutrient growth media, pH, nitrogen and phosphate source, salinity, light quality, intensity and duration. The optimized conditions for carotenoid production were: Bold basal (BB) medium with pH 8.5, containing with10 mM nitrate, 3.5 mM phosphate and 0.17 mM salinity and illuminated with blue light with 60 μmol m-2 s-1 photon flux light intensity. Cultivation of cultures in the above mentioned optimized conditions resulted in nearly 3.0 fold increase in carotenoid production compared to the control cultures grown in unmodified BB medium. Using HPTLC, four carotenoids have been identified as β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Further, carotenoids were also separated and purified by flash chromatography and the amounts of purified carotenoids were determined by HPLC. The organism produced 47.0, 28.7, 15.5 and 14.0 μg β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin mg-1 dry biomass, respectively, under optimized conditions. The amount of total carotenoids (118 μg mg-1 dry biomass) produced by Asterarcys quadricellulare PUMCC 5.1.1 under optimized culture conditions was significantly higher than control cultures. Thus, this microalgal strain is a promising candidate for carotenoid production at commercial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Pal Singh
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Alka Rajput
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Rajni Chaudhary
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Ramsarup Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Ota S, Kawano S. Three-dimensional ultrastructure and hyperspectral imaging of metabolite accumulation and dynamics in Haematococcus and Chlorella. Microscopy (Oxf) 2019; 68:57-68. [PMID: 30576509 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycology has developed alongside light and electron microscopy techniques. Since the 1950s, progress in the field has accelerated dramatically with the advent of electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopes can only acquire imaging data on a 2D plane. Currently, many of the life sciences are seeking to obtain 3D images with electron microscopy for the accurate interpretation of subcellular dynamics. Three-dimensional reconstruction using serial sections is a method that can cover relatively large cells or tissues without requiring special equipment. Another challenge is monitoring secondary metabolites (such as lipids or carotenoids) in intact cells. This became feasible with hyperspectral cameras, which enable the acquisition of wide-range spectral information in living cells. Here, we review bioimaging studies on the intracellular dynamics of substances such as lipids, carotenoids and phosphorus using conventional to state-of-the-art microscopy techniques in the field of algal biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Ota
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kawano
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Future Center Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Telussa I, Rusnadi, Zeily Nurachman. Dynamics of β-carotene and fucoxanthin of tropical marine Navicula sp. as a response to light stress conditions. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yoshitomi T, Shimada N, Iijima K, Hashizume M, Yoshimoto K. Polyethyleneimine-induced astaxanthin accumulation in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis by increased oxidative stress. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:751-754. [PMID: 31253510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The unicellular green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates large amounts of the red ketocarotenoid astaxanthin under stress conditions such as nitrogen deficiency. In this study, we discovered an astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis cells by the addition of a synthetic cationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), into the cell culture. With an increase in PEI amount, amount of astaxanthin accumulation was increased. To investigate the mechanism for the accumulation of astaxanthin by the addition of PEI in H. pluvialis cells, we measured a localization of PEI in the cells and a production of reactive oxygen species. PEI was internalized in the cells through the negatively-charged cell walls, leading to excessive production of reactive oxygen species in the cells. Thus, the increased oxidative stress by cellular uptake of PEI resulted in the acceleration of astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yoshitomi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Naoya Shimada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 12-1 Ichigaya Funagawara-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Iijima
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 12-1 Ichigaya Funagawara-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826, Japan
| | - Mineo Hashizume
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 12-1 Ichigaya Funagawara-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yoshimoto
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; JST PRESTO, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Jehlička J, Culka A, Mana L, Oren A. Comparison of Miniaturized Raman Spectrometers for Discrimination of Carotenoids of Halophilic Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1155. [PMID: 31191483 PMCID: PMC6548819 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a comparison of the performance of four miniature portable Raman spectrometers for the discrimination of carotenoids in samples of carotene-producing microorganisms. Two spectrometers using a green laser allowing to obtain Resonance Raman (or pre-Resonance Raman) signals, one instrument with a 785 nm laser, and a recently developed Portable Sequentially Shifted Excitation Raman spectrometer (PSSERS) were used for identifying major pigments of different halophilic (genera Halobacterium, Halorubrum, Haloarcula, Salinibacter, Ectothiorhodospira, Dunaliella) and non-halophilic microorganisms (Micrococcus luteus, Corynebacterium glutamicum). Using all the tested instruments including the PSSERS, strong carotenoids signals corresponding to the stretching vibrations in the polyene chain and in-plane rocking modes of the attached CH3 groups were found at the correct positions. Raman spectra of carotenoids can be obtained from different types of microbiological samples (wet pellets, lyophilized culture biomass and pigment extracts in organic solvents), and can be collected fast and without time-consuming procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jehlička
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Adam Culka
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lily Mana
- The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aharon Oren
- The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Smith DR. Haematococcus lacustris: the makings of a giant-sized chloroplast genome. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:ply058. [PMID: 30393516 PMCID: PMC6205361 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent work on the chlamydomonadalean green alga Haematococcus lacustris uncovered the largest plastid genome on record: a whopping 1.35 Mb with >90 % non-coding DNA. A 500-word description of this genome was published in the journal Genome Announcements. But such a short report for such a large genome leaves many unanswered questions. For instance, the H. lacustris plastome was found to encode only 12 tRNAs, less than half that of a typical plastome, it appears to have a non-standard genetic code, and is one of only a few known plastid DNAs (ptDNAs), out of thousands of available sequences, not biased in adenine and thymine. Here, I take a closer look at the H. lacustris plastome, comparing its size, content and architecture to other large organelle DNAs, including those from close relatives in the Chlamydomonadales. I show that the H. lacustris plastid coding repertoire is not as unusual as initially thought, representing a standard set of rRNAs, tRNAs and protein-coding genes, where the canonical stop codon UGA appears to sometimes signify tryptophan. The intergenic spacers are dense with repeats, and it is within these regions where potential answers to the source of such extreme genomic expansion lie. By comparing ptDNA sequences of two closely related strains of H. lacustris, I argue that the mutation rate of the non-coding DNA is high and contributing to plastome inflation. Finally, by exploring publicly available RNA-sequencing data, I find that most of the intergenic ptDNA is transcriptionally active.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roy Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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