1
|
Mironov VL, Linkevich EV. Effects of the lunar cycle on ecosystem and heterotrophic respiration in a boreal Sphagnum-dominated peatland. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:929-940. [PMID: 38888285 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2365825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The growth of Sphagnum is influenced by the lunar cycle, which suggests a corresponding carbon (C) accumulation rhythm in peatlands. However, this rhythm can only occur if C accumulation from Sphagnum growth is not offset by its total losses through respiration and other processes. To address the uncertainty, through correlation-regression analysis we examine the influence of the lunar cycle on recent measurements of ecosystem (ER) and heterotrophic (Rh) respiration conducted by Järveoja and colleagues on the oligotrophic peatland of Degerö Stormyr. We found that ER and Rh accelerated near the full moon and slowed down near the new moon. The response of the hourly ER to the lunar cycle is significant from 22:00 to 8:00 and is not significant beyond this range. This response was concentrated in the initial and finished phases of the season, but during the middle of the season it disappeared. This behavior could potentially be caused by the high sensitivity of the Sphagnum cover to moonlight, as well as the sensitivity to the lunar cycle of only the nocturnal component ER. During most of the day, the lunar cycle had a significant effect on hourly Rh, with the highest impact observed between 5:00 and 10:00 and at 20:00. The greatest impact occurs during those hours when ER declines, and possibly Sphagnum photosynthetic productivity peaks. The findings suggest a circalunar rhythm of C accumulation in peatlands due to the opposite trends between C accumulation during Sphagnum growth and C losses with respiration during the lunar cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor L Mironov
- Department of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Linkevich
- Department of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ecochard R, Stanford JB, Fehring RJ, Schneider M, Najmabadi S, Gronfier C. Evidence that the woman's ovarian cycle is driven by an internal circamonthly timing system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadg9646. [PMID: 38598621 PMCID: PMC11006216 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The ovarian cycle has a well-established circa-monthly rhythm, but the mechanisms involved in its regularity are unknown. Is the rhythmicity driven by an endogenous clock-like timer or by other internal or external processes? Here, using two large epidemiological datasets (26,912 cycles from 2303 European women and 4786 cycles from 721 North American women), analyzed with time series and circular statistics, we find evidence that the rhythmic characteristics of the menstrual cycle are more likely to be explained by an endogenous clock-like driving mechanism than by any other internal or external process. We also show that the menstrual cycle is weakly but significantly influenced by the 29.5-day lunar cycle and that the phase alignment between the two cycles differs between the European and the North American populations. Given the need to find efficient treatments of subfertility in women, our results should be confirmed in larger populations, and chronobiological approaches to optimize the ovulatory cycle should be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Ecochard
- Pôle de Santé Publique, Service de Biostatistique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69424 Cedex 03, France
- Laboratoire Biostatistique Santé, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, UMR CNRS 5558 UCBL, Lyon 69000, France
| | - John B. Stanford
- Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84108 UT, USA
| | - Richard J. Fehring
- College of Nursing, Marquette University, Milwaukee, P.O. Box 1881 WI, USA
| | - Marie Schneider
- College of Nursing, Marquette University, Milwaukee, P.O. Box 1881 WI, USA
- Institute for Natural Family Planning, Milwaukee, P.O. Box 1881 WI, USA
| | - Sam Najmabadi
- Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84108 UT, USA
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Neurocampus, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69500, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fukada Y. Recent advances in biological rhythm and non-visual photoreception: Report for the session 10 at the 19th International Conference on Retinal Proteins. Biophys Physicobiol 2023; 20:e201013. [PMID: 38362326 PMCID: PMC10865880 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v20.s013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Fukada
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fukunaga K, Takeuchi Y, Yamauchi C, Takemura A. Induction of spawning under artificial moonlight in the honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra, a lunar-synchronized spawner. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2022.2046416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Fukunaga
- Center for Strategic Research Project, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perea MF, Perdomo DA, Corredor ZA, González M, Hernandez-Fonseca H, Perea FP. Lunar Cycle Influences Production of Tilapia ( Oreochromis spp) Eggs in an Intensive Outdoor Production System in the Tropics. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:177-184. [PMID: 35034507 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211069453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A robust body of evidence has demonstrated that the lunar cycle plays an important role in the reproduction of fish living in natural environments. However, little is known about the influence of the moon on tilapia reproductive activity in intensive fish farming systems. This study aims to evaluate the influence of the lunar cycle on the reproductive performance of tilapias in an intensive outdoor tropical production system in Latin America. Records of two tilapia strains (Nile tilapia [Oreochromis niloticus; n = 75] and Red tilapia [Oreochromis spp.; n = 1335]) reared in concrete tanks in a commercial fish farm were analyzed. Over a 3-year period, 60,136 captures were made in intervals of 12 to 14 days and 6,600 females were manually spawned. The number of females spawned and the volume of eggs collected from each tank (n = 9) were recorded. Data was analyzed by the general linear model and means were compared by least squares means method. A very slight or no variation was observed when the lunar cycle was split into two halves (crescent and waning). The proportions of females spawned and the volume of eggs per spawned female and per female in the tank varied considerably across the eight periods of the lunar cycle, with greater values in the waning than in the crescent phase. A significantly greater proportion of tilapia spawned and yielded more eggs around the full moon than around the new moon and remaining days of the lunar cycle. The moon cycle affected the reproductive activity of tilapia, which were more reproductively active around the full moon and most of the waning phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F Perea
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Escuela de Biología, Ecología y Gestión, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Daniel A Perdomo
- Grupo de Investigación en Producción Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Núcleo Universitario "Rafael Rangel," Universidad de Los Andes, Trujillo, Venezuela
| | - Zenaida A Corredor
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Salud Agrícola Integral, San Cristóbal, Venezuela
| | - Mario González
- Grupo de Investigación en Producción Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Núcleo Universitario "Rafael Rangel," Universidad de Los Andes, Trujillo, Venezuela.,Departamento de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Salud Agrícola Integral, San Cristóbal, Venezuela
| | - Hugo Hernandez-Fonseca
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint George's University, True Blue, Grenada
| | - Fernando P Perea
- Grupo de Investigación en Producción Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Núcleo Universitario "Rafael Rangel," Universidad de Los Andes, Trujillo, Venezuela.,Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma H, Yang MS, Zhang YT, Qiu HT, You XX, Chen SX, Hong WS. Expressions of melanopsins in telencephalon imply their function in synchronizing semilunar spawning rhythm in the mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 315:113926. [PMID: 34653434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris inhabits intertidal mudflats, exhibiting semilunar reproductive rhythms. To investigate whether melanopsin is possibly involved in the synchronization of the semilunar spawning rhythm in the female mudskipper, we first cloned all four melanopsin subtypes (opn4m1, opn4m3, opn4x1, opn4x2) in B. pectinirostris. Results from RTq-PCR showed that significantly higher transcription levels of all four melanopsin subtypes were observed in the eyes rather than other tissues. In brain, all four melanopsin subtypes were also detectable in different regions, including the telencephalon, in which the expression of melanopsin has not been reported in other teleosts. The transcription levels of opn4m3 and opn4x1 in the telencephalon exhibited a daily fluctuation pattern. When females entered the spawning season, opn4m1 and opn4x1 transcript levels increased significantly in the telencephalon. During the spawning season, the transcript levels of opn4m3 and opn4x1 in the telencephalon appeared to have a cyclic pattern associated with semilunar periodicity, exhibiting two cycles with a peak around the first or the last lunar quarters. Results from ISH showed that, opn4x1 mRNA was localized in the medial of dorsal telencephalic area, dorsal nucleus of ventral telencephalic area (Vd), ventral nucleus of ventral telencephalic area (Vv), anterior part of parvocellular preoptic nucleus, magnocellular part of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus (PMmc), habenular and ventral zone of hypothalamus. Intriguingly, gnrh3 mRNA was also located in Vd, Vv and PMmc. Taken together, our results suggested that melanopsins, e.g. opn4x1, expressed in the telencephalon might mediate semilunar spawning activity in the female mudskipper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ming Shu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yu Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Heng Tong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xin Xin You
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Genomics, Marine and Fisheries Institute, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Shi Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Wan Shu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saha S, Singh KM, Gupta BBP. Robust circadian and circannual rhythms of expression of clock genes and clock controlled aanat2 gene in the photoreceptive pineal organ of catfish, Clarias gariepinus under natural conditions. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1911550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Saha
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Kshetrimayum Manisana Singh
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Braj B. P. Gupta
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Relationship between the Lunar Phase, Menstrual Cycle Onset and Subjective Sleep Quality among Women of Reproductive Age. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063245. [PMID: 33801068 PMCID: PMC8003924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association among lunar cycle, menstrual cycle onset, and subjective sleep quality. Menstrual cycle onset data from the six most recent menstrual cycles were obtained for 529 women (aged 25–39 years) using the smartphone app Luna Luna. We also collected questionnaire survey data on sleep quality from each participant. Overall, there was no association between the onset of menstrual cycle and lunar phase. Interestingly, the proportion of good sleepers with menstrual cycle beginning during the light period was significantly higher than that during the dark period, while the proportion of poor sleepers with menstrual cycle beginning during the dark period was significantly higher than that during the light period. When participants were categorized by the combination of lunar phases (light, dark, neutral periods) in the two most recent menstrual cycle onsets, the “both dark period” group and the “other (light and dark) period” group showed the lowest proportion of good sleepers. Menstrual cycle onset in the dark period was associated with a deterioration in subsequent subjective sleep quality, which was more apparent with consecutive onsets in the dark period or at a rapidly changing lunar phase.
Collapse
|
9
|
Aguirre AA, Palomares RA, De Ondiz AD, Soto ER, Perea MS, Hernández-Fonseca HJ, Perea FP. Lunar Cycle Influences Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Brahman Cows Under Tropical Conditions. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:160-168. [PMID: 33446001 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420983638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has accumulated over the years indicating that the moon influences some aspects of the reproductive activity in animals and humans. However, little is known about the influence of the lunar cycle on the reproductive performance of cows under tropical conditions, where the environment strongly affects reproduction. This retrospective study was conducted with the aim of assessing the influence of the lunar cycle on some reproductive traits of tropical crossbred cows managed in a pasture-based system. Data from 5869 reproductive records from two commercial farms localized in the Maracaibo Lake Basin of Zulia State, Venezuela, were analyzed. Variables studied were first service conception rate, calving frequency, first postpartum estrous frequency, and pregnancy frequency. In addition to the lunar cycle, the effects of farm, season, and predominant breed were also considered. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and general linear model from SAS. First service conception was affected by lunar phases and predominant breed, but not by farm or season. For frequencies of calving, first postpartum estrus, and pregnancy, there was no main effect of farm, season, and predominant breed, whereas the effect of lunar phases was highly significant. First service conception was significantly greater in waning than in crescent phase of the lunar cycle. Frequencies of calving, first estrus, and pregnancy were highly correlated and showed greater figures around full moon and new moon. In conclusion, lunar cycle influenced first service conception, attaining greater values in the waning phase of the moon cycle. Frequencies of calving, first postpartum estrus, and pregnancy in crossbred cows showed a clear bimodal rhythm, whose greatest values coincided with new moon and full moon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto A Palomares
- Group for Reproduction in Animals, Vaccinology and Infectious Diseases (GRAVID), Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Aitor D De Ondiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Eleazar R Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | | | - Hugo J Hernández-Fonseca
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint George's University, True Blue, Grenada
| | - Fernando P Perea
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Los Andes, Trujillo, Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Andreatta G, Tessmar-Raible K. The Still Dark Side of the Moon: Molecular Mechanisms of Lunar-Controlled Rhythms and Clocks. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3525-3546. [PMID: 32198116 PMCID: PMC7322537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Starting with the beginning of the last century, a multitude of scientific studies has documented that the lunar cycle times behaviors and physiology in many organisms. It is plausible that even the first life forms adapted to the different rhythms controlled by the moon. Consistently, many marine species exhibit lunar rhythms, and also the number of documented "lunar-rhythmic" terrestrial species is increasing. Organisms follow diverse lunar geophysical/astronomical rhythms, which differ significantly in terms of period length: from hours (circalunidian and circatidal rhythms) to days (circasemilunar and circalunar cycles). Evidence for internal circatital and circalunar oscillators exists for a range of species based on past behavioral studies, but those species with well-documented behaviorally free-running lunar rhythms are not typically used for molecular studies. Thus, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely obscure: the dark side of the moon. Here we review findings that start to connect molecular pathways with moon-controlled physiology and behaviors. The present data indicate connections between metabolic/endocrine pathways and moon-controlled rhythms, as well as interactions between circadian and circatidal/circalunar rhythms. Moreover, recent high-throughput analyses provide useful leads toward pathways, as well as molecular markers. However, for each interpretation, it is important to carefully consider the, partly substantially differing, conditions used in each experimental paradigm. In the future, it will be important to use lab experiments to delineate the specific mechanisms of the different solar- and lunar-controlled rhythms, but to also start integrating them together, as life has evolved equally long under rhythms of both sun and moon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Andreatta
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Leach WB, Reitzel AM. Decoupling behavioral and transcriptional responses to color in an eyeless cnidarian. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:361. [PMID: 32410571 PMCID: PMC7222589 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animals have specific molecular, physiological, and behavioral responses to light that are influenced by wavelength and intensity. Predictable environmental changes – predominantly solar and lunar cycles – drive endogenous daily oscillations by setting internal pacemakers, otherwise known as the circadian clock. Cnidarians have been a focal group to discern the evolution of light responsiveness due to their phylogenetic position as a sister phylum to bilaterians and broad range of light-responsive behaviors and physiology. Marine species that occupy a range of depths will experience different ranges of wavelengths and light intensities, which may result in variable phenotypic responses. Here, we utilize the eyeless sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, an estuarine anemone that typically resides in shallow water habitats, to compare behavioral and molecular responses when exposed to different light conditions. Results Quantitative measures of locomotion clearly showed that this species responds to light in the blue and green spectral range with a circadian activity profile, in contrast to a circatidal activity profile in the red spectral range and in constant darkness. Differences in average day/night locomotion was significant in each condition, with overall peak activity during the dark period. Comparative analyses of 96 transcriptomes from individuals sampled every 4 h in each lighting treatment revealed complex differences in gene expression between colors, including in many of the genes likely involved in the cnidarian circadian clock. Transcriptional profiling showed the majority of genes are differentially expressed when comparing mid-day with mid-night, and mostly in red light. Gene expression profiles were largely unique in each color, although animals in blue and green were overall more similar to each other than to red light. Conclusions Together, these analyses support the hypothesis that cnidarians are sensitive to red light, and this perception results in a rich transcriptional and divergent behavioral response. Future work determining the specific molecular mechanisms driving the circadian and potential circatidal rhythms measured here would be impactful to connect gene expression variation with behavioral variation in this eyeless species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney B Leach
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Woodward Hall, Room 381A, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
| | - Adam M Reitzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Woodward Hall, Room 381A, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saratani Y, Takeuchi Y, Okano K, Okano T. Clock Gene Expression in the Eye Exhibits Circadian Oscillation and Light Responsiveness but is Not Necessary for Nocturnal Locomotor Activity of Japanese Loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Zoolog Sci 2020; 37:177-192. [PMID: 32282149 DOI: 10.2108/zs190110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There are few model fish that are both edible and suitable for use in the laboratory. The Japanese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) is a traditional food in Japan, but is highly neglected despite its great nutritional value. To understand its circadian system and photic input pathway for synchronization of physiological activities to environmental light-dark cycles, we measured locomotor activity under light-dark and constant dark (DD) conditions. Locomotor activity was found to be higher in the nighttime than daytime, and its rhythmicity was weakened under DD conditions. The nocturnal activity of the Japanese loach is mainly controlled by environmental light, rather than the circadian clock. We explored the circadian regulation and light-responsiveness of clock gene expression in the eyes of loaches. The daily expression profiles of its mRNA revealed that most of the examined Cry and Per genes were likely regulated by internal circadian and/or environmental light signals. Among the Opsin genes transcribed in the eye, we detected the retinal photopigment porphyropsin at the protein level, which was lower than in mice. This property of loach eyes prompted us to analyze the locomotor activities of eye-enucleated fish. As a result, they still showed nocturnal circadian activity. Thus, it is likely that extraocular photoreceptive tissue(s) also contribute to the photic input pathway, although loach eyes are a circadian photosensitive tissue. This suggests that the loach mainly uses not its vision but other stimuli, such as mechanical or chemical stimuli, detected by barbels, to coordinate its nocturnal behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Saratani
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Keiko Okano
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Okano
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A photoperiodic time measurement served by the biphasic expression of Cryptochrome1ab in the zebrafish eye. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5056. [PMID: 32193419 PMCID: PMC7081220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a model species that is used to study the circadian clock. It possesses light-entrainable circadian clocks in both central and peripheral tissues, and its core circadian factor cryptochromes (CRYs) have diverged significantly during evolution. In order to elucidate the functional diversity and involvement of CRYs in photoperiodic mechanisms, we investigated the daily expression profiles of six Cry transcripts in central (brain and eye) and peripheral (fin, skin and muscle) tissues. The zCry genes exhibited gene-specific diurnal conserved variations, and were divided into morning and evening groups. Notably, zCry1ab exhibited biphasic expression profiles in the eye, with peaks in the morning and evening. Comparing ocular zCry1ab expression in different photoperiods (18L:6D, 14L:10D, 10L:14D and 6L:18D) revealed that zCry1ab expression duration changed depending on the photoperiod: it increased at midnight and peaked before lights off. zCry1ab expression in constant light or dark after entrainment under long- or short-day conditions suggested that the evening clock and photic input pathway are involved in photoperiod-dependent zCry1ab expression. Laser microdissection followed by qRT-PCR analysis showed that the evening peak of zCry1ab was likely ascribed to visual photoreceptors. These results suggest the presence of an eye-specific photoperiodic time measurement served by zCry1ab.
Collapse
|
14
|
Saha S, Singh KM, Gupta BBP. Circadian rhythm of expression of core clock genes in the photosensitive pineal organ of catfish, Clarias gariepinus under different photoperiodic regimes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1728922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Saha
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Kshetrimayum Manisana Singh
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Braj Bansh Prasad Gupta
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fukunaga K, Yamashina F, Ohta N, Mizuno H, Takeuchi Y, Yamauchi C, Takemura A. Involvement of melatonin in transducing moon-related signals into the reproductive network of the female honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 282:113211. [PMID: 31238075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most groupers (genus Epinephelus) inhabiting tropical and subtropical waters exhibit lunar-related reproductive cycles. Their gametes develop synchronously toward and are released around the species-selected moon phase. Periodical changes in cues from the moon are likely used as zeitgeber, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis may be activated after cues are perceived by the sensory organ and transduced as internal signals. The objective of this study was to examine weekly changes in mRNA expression profiles of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (gnrh1 and gnrh2) and the β-subunit of gonadotropins (fshβ and lhβ) during the spawning season (May to June) of the female honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra, which spawns around the full moon period. When mature females were collected based on the lunar cycle, the gonadosomatic index peaked around the full moon. Ovarian histology revealed that oocytes laden with yolk developed toward the full moon and, subsequently, ovulatory follicles appeared around the last quarter moon, confirming lunar-related spawning with a full moon preference. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed high abundances of fshβ and lhβ toward the first quarter moon, whereas concentrations of gnrh1 and gnrh2 increased around the last quarter moon and the first quarter moon, respectively, suggesting that transcription levels of these hormones fluctuate with the lunar cycle. The measurement of melatonin in the eye around the new moon and the full moon revealed that the ocular melatonin content was higher around the new moon than around the full moon, suggesting that the honeycomb grouper can perceive changes in moonlight. In addition, implantation of an osmotic pump containing melatonin into the body cavity of E. merra reduced the transcription levels of gonadotropins, suggesting that melatonin negatively affects hormonal synthesis at the HPG axis. We concluded that melatonin plays an essential role in transducing periodical changes in moonlight and that decreases in melatonin levels from the new moon to the full moon activate the HPG axis for entrainment of gonadal development and spawning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Fukunaga
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Fumika Yamashina
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ohta
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Mizuno
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yamauchi
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takemura
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Saha S, Manisana Singh K, Gupta BBP. Season-dependent differential effect of temperature on diurnal rhythm of expression of core clock genes in the pineal organ of an air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1525139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Saha
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Kshetrimayum Manisana Singh
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Braj Bansh Prasad Gupta
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| |
Collapse
|