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Wei Y, Wei H, Tian C, Wu Q, Li D, Huang C, Zhang G, Chen R, Wang N, Li Y, Li B, Chu XM. The Transcriptome Analysis of Circular RNAs Between the Doxorubicin- Induced Cardiomyocytes and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells- Derived Exosomes Treated Ones. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1056-1070. [PMID: 38305398 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073261891231115072310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the sequencing results of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in cardiomyocytes between the doxorubicin (DOX)-injured group and exosomes treatment group. Moreover, to offer potential circRNAs possibly secreted by exosomes mediating the therapeutic effect on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity for further study. METHODS The DOX-injured group (DOX group) of cardiomyocytes was treated with DOX, while an exosomes-treated group of injured cardiomyocytes were cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC)-derived exosomes (BEC group). The high-throughput sequencing of circRNAs was conducted after the extraction of RNA from cardiomyocytes. The differential expression of circRNA was analyzed after identifying the number, expression, and conservative of circRNAs. Then, the target genes of differentially expressed circRNAs were predicted based on the targetscan and Miranda database. Next, the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of target genes of circRNAs were performed. The crucial signaling pathways participating in the therapeutic process were identified. Finally, a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiment was conducted to verify the results obtained by sequencing. RESULTS Thirty-two circRNAs are differentially expressed between the two groups, of which twenty-three circRNAs were elevated in the exosomes-treated group (BEC group). The GO analysis shows that target genes of differentially expressed circRNAs are mainly enriched in the intracellular signalactivity, regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription, Golgi-related activity, and GTPase activator activity. The KEGG analysis displays that they were involved in the autophagy biological process and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. The verification experiment suggested that mmu_circ_0000425 (ID: 116324210) was both decreased in the DOX group and elevated in BEC group, which was consistent with the result of sequencing. CONCLUSION mmu_circ_0000425 in exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) may have a therapeutic role in alleviating doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhuan Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Haixia Wei
- Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinchao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daisong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruolan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics, Basic Medicine School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian-Ming Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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de Oliveira NR, Santos FDS, Dos Santos VAC, Maia MAC, Oliveira TL, Dellagostin OA. Challenges and Strategies for Developing Recombinant Vaccines against Leptospirosis: Role of Expression Platforms and Adjuvants in Achieving Protective Efficacy. Pathogens 2023; 12:787. [PMID: 37375478 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The first leptospiral recombinant vaccine was developed in the late 1990s. Since then, progress in the fields of reverse vaccinology (RV) and structural vaccinology (SV) has significantly improved the identification of novel surface-exposed and conserved vaccine targets. However, developing recombinant vaccines for leptospirosis faces various challenges, including selecting the ideal expression platform or delivery system, assessing immunogenicity, selecting adjuvants, establishing vaccine formulation, demonstrating protective efficacy against lethal disease in homologous challenge, achieving full renal clearance using experimental models, and reproducibility of protective efficacy against heterologous challenge. In this review, we highlight the role of the expression/delivery system employed in studies based on the well-known LipL32 and leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins, as well as the choice of adjuvants, as key factors to achieving the best vaccine performance in terms of protective efficacy against lethal infection and induction of sterile immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Denis Souza Santos
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Mara Andrade Colares Maia
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Thaís Larré Oliveira
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
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Varma VP, Kadivella M, Kumar A, Kavela S, Faisal SM. LigA formulated in AS04 or Montanide ISA720VG induced superior immune response compared to alum, which correlated to protective efficacy in a hamster model of leptospirosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985802. [PMID: 36300125 PMCID: PMC9590693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance. The current vaccine provides serovar-specific and short-term immunity and does not prevent bacterial shedding in infected animals. Subunit vaccines based on surface proteins have shown to induce protection in an animal model. However, these proteins were tested with non-clinical adjuvants and induced low to moderate protective efficacy. We formulated a variable region of Leptospira immunoglobulin-like protein A (LAV) in clinical adjuvants, AS04 and Montanide ISA720VG, and then evaluated the immune response in mice and protective efficacy in a hamster model. Our results show that animals immunized with LAV-AS04 and LAV-Montanide ISA720VG (LAV-M) induced significantly higher levels of LAV-specific antibodies than LAV-Alum. While LAV-Alum induced Th2 response with the induction of IgG1 and IL-4, AS04 and LAV-M induced a mixed Th1/Th2 response with significant levels of both IgG1/IL-4 and IgG2c/IFN-γ. Both LAV-AS04 and LAV-M induced the generation of a significantly higher number of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). The immune response in LAV-AS04- and LAV-M-immunized animals was maintained for a long period (>180 days) with the generation of a significant level of B- and T-cell memory. The strong immune response by both vaccines correlated to enhanced recruitment and activation of innate immune cells particularly DCs at draining lymph nodes and the formation of germinal centers (GCs). Furthermore, the immune response generated in mice correlated to protective efficacy in the hamster model of leptospirosis. These results indicate that LAV-AS04 and LAV-M are promising vaccines and can be further evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Varma
- Laboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
- Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammad Kadivella
- Laboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Laboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sridhar Kavela
- Laboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Syed M. Faisal
- Laboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
- *Correspondence: Syed M. Faisal,
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Maia MAC, Bettin EB, Barbosa LN, de Oliveira NR, Bunde TT, Pedra ACK, Rosa GA, da Rosa EEB, Seixas Neto ACP, Grassmann AA, McFadden J, Dellagostin OA, McBride AJA. Challenges for the development of a universal vaccine against leptospirosis revealed by the evaluation of 22 vaccine candidates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:940966. [PMID: 36275031 PMCID: PMC9586249 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.940966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a neglected disease of man and animals that affects nearly half a million people annually and causes considerable economic losses. Current human vaccines are inactivated whole-cell preparations (bacterins) of Leptospira spp. that provide strong homologous protection yet fail to induce a cross-protective immune response. Yearly boosters are required, and serious side-effects are frequently reported so the vaccine is licensed for use in humans in only a handful of countries. Novel universal vaccines require identification of conserved surface-exposed epitopes of leptospiral antigens. Outer membrane β-barrel proteins (βb-OMPs) meet these requirements and have been successfully used as vaccines for other diseases. We report the evaluation of 22 constructs containing protein fragments from 33 leptospiral βb-OMPs, previously identified by reverse and structural vaccinology and cell-surface immunoprecipitation. Three-dimensional structures for each leptospiral βb-OMP were predicted by I-TASSER. The surface-exposed epitopes were predicted using NetMHCII 2.2 and BepiPred 2.0. Recombinant constructs containing regions from one or more βb-OMPs were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. IMAC-purified recombinant proteins were adsorbed to an aluminium hydroxide adjuvant to produce the vaccine formulations. Hamsters (4-6 weeks old) were vaccinated with 2 doses containing 50 – 125 μg of recombinant protein, with a 14-day interval between doses. Immunoprotection was evaluated in the hamster model of leptospirosis against a homologous challenge (10 – 20× ED50) with L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130. Of the vaccine formulations, 20/22 were immunogenic and induced significant humoral immune responses (IgG) prior to challenge. Four constructs induced significant protection (100%, P < 0.001) and sterilizing immunity in two independent experiments, however, this was not reproducible in subsequent evaluations (0 – 33.3% protection, P > 0.05). The lack of reproducibility seen in these challenge experiments and in other reports in the literature, together with the lack of immune correlates and commercially available reagents to characterize the immune response, suggest that the hamster may not be the ideal model for evaluation of leptospirosis vaccines and highlight the need for evaluation of alternative models, such as the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A. C. Maia
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Everton B. Bettin
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Liana N. Barbosa
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natasha R. de Oliveira
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiffany T. Bunde
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina K. Pedra
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A. Rosa
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elias E. B. da Rosa
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Amilton C. P. Seixas Neto
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - André A. Grassmann
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Johnjoe McFadden
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Odir A. Dellagostin
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alan J. A. McBride
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Alan J. A. McBride,
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de Oliveira NR, Oliveira TL, Jorge S, Dellagostin OA. Development of Human Recombinant Leptospirosis Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2410:325-344. [PMID: 34914055 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1884-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease with significant impact on health all over the world. Currently, bacterins are the only vaccines available for prevention of this disease, despite several drawbacks. In an effort to develop a more effective vaccine against leptospirosis, reverse and structural vaccinology have been applied to design recombinant constructions composed of leptospiral surface-exposed antigens. Herein, we describe a protocol for design and development of Leptospirosis recombinant vaccines using immunoinformatic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thaís Larré Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Jorge
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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6
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Sumithra TG, Chaturvedi VK, Gupta PK, Bincy J, Siju SJ, Sunita SC, Reshma KJ, Patel CL, Rai AK. A novel bicistronic DNA vaccine with enhanced protective immune response against Bacillus anthracis through DNA prime-protein boost vaccination approach. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105104. [PMID: 34298126 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anthrax, by Bacillus anthracis, remains a dreadful fatal hazard worldwide. The currently used anthrax vaccines are plagued by numerous issues that limit their widespread use. As an immunization approach targeting both extracellular antigens and toxins of B. anthracis may achieve better sterile immunity, the present investigation designed a bicistronic secretory anti-anthrax DNA vaccine targeting immune response against toxin and cells. The efficacy of the vaccine was compared with monocistronic DNA vaccines and the currently used anthrax vaccine. For this, mice were immunized with the developed vaccine containing pag (encoding protective antigen to block toxin) and eag genes (encoding EA1 to target cells) of B. anthracis through DNA-prime/Protein-boost (D/P) and DNA prime/DNA-boost (D/D) approaches. There was a >2 and > 5 fold increase in specific antibody level by D/D and D/P approaches respectively, on 42nd days post-immunization (dpi). Serum cytokine profiling showed that both Th1 and Th2 immune responses were elicited, with more Th2 responses in D/P strategy. More importantly, challenge with 100 times LD50 of B. anthracis at 42nd dpi exhibited maximum cumulative survival (83.33 %) by bicistronic D/P approach. Remarkably, immunization with EA1 delayed mortality onset in infection. The study forms the first report on complement-dependent bactericidal activity of antiEA1 antibodies. In short, co-immunization of PA and EA1 through the developed bicistronic DNA vaccine would be an effective immunization approach in anthrax vaccination. Further, D/P strategy could enhance vaccine-induced immunity against B. anthracis. Altogether, the study generates certain critical insights having direct applications in next-generation vaccine development against anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Sumithra
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India.
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India.
| | - P K Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - J Bincy
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - S J Siju
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - S C Sunita
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - K J Reshma
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - C L Patel
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - A K Rai
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
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Vanithamani S, Akino Mercy CS, Kanagavel M, Sumaiya K, Bothammal P, Saranya P, Prasad M, Ponmurugan K, Muralitharan G, Al-Dhabi NA, Verma A, Vijayachari P, Natarajaseenivasan K. Biochemical analysis of leptospiral LPS explained the difference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic serogroups. Microb Pathog 2021; 152:104738. [PMID: 33529737 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major surface antigen of Leptospira. In this study, the genes involved in the LPS biosynthesis were analyzed and compared by bioinformatics tools. Also, the chemical composition analysis of leptospiral lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted from 5 pathogenic serovars like Autumnalis, Australis, Ballum, Grippotyphosa, Pomona, and the nonpathogenic serovar Andamana was performed. Methods used were Limulus amebocyte lysate assay (LAL), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). LAL assay showed a significantly higher level of endotoxicity among pathogenic serovars (~0.490 EU/mL) than that of nonpathogenic Andamana (~0.102 EU/mL). FAMES analysis showed the presence of palmitic acid (C16:0), hydroxy lauric acid (3-OH-C12:0), and oleic acid (C18:0). Palmitoleic acid (C16: 1), and 3- hydroxy palmitate (3-OH-C16:0) was detected only in pathogenic serovars. In contrast myristoleic acid (C14:1) and stearic acid (C18:0) were present in Andamana. FTIR analysis revealed C-O-C stretch of esters, 3°ROH functional groups and carbohydrate vibration range were similar among pathogenic serovars. The NMR analysis reveals similarity for 6 deoxy sugars and methyl groups of Autumnalis, Australis, and Ballum. Further, the presence of palmitoleic acid and 3-hydroxy palmitate may be the significant pathogen-associated predisposing factor. This mediates high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) mediated stress response in leptospiral LPS mediated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Vanithamani
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Charles Solomon Akino Mercy
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Murugesan Kanagavel
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Krishnamoorthi Sumaiya
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Palanisamy Bothammal
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Perumal Saranya
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Muthu Prasad
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Karuppiah Ponmurugan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gangatharan Muralitharan
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashutosh Verma
- Lincoln Memorial University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Harrogate, TN, 37752, USA
| | - Paluru Vijayachari
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis, Reference, Research and Training in Leptospirosis, Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Port Blair, 744103, India
| | - Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India; Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Wunder EA, Adhikarla H, Hamond C, Owers Bonner KA, Liang L, Rodrigues CB, Bisht V, Nally JE, Alt DP, Reis MG, Diggle PJ, Felgner PL, Ko A. A live attenuated-vaccine model confers cross-protective immunity against different species of the Leptospira genus. eLife 2021; 10:e64166. [PMID: 33496263 PMCID: PMC7837694 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is the leading zoonotic disease in terms of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective prevention is urgently needed as the drivers of disease transmission continue to intensify. The key challenge has been developing a widely applicable vaccine that protects against the >300 serovars that can cause leptospirosis. Live attenuated mutants are enticing vaccine candidates and poorly explored in the field. We evaluated a recently characterized motility-deficient mutant lacking the expression of a flagellar protein, FcpA. Although the fcpA- mutant has lost its ability to cause disease, transient bacteremia was observed. In two animal models, immunization with a single dose of the fcpA- mutant was sufficient to induce a robust anti-protein antibodies response that promoted protection against infection with different pathogenic Leptospira species. Furthermore, characterization of the immune response identified a small repertoire of biologically relevant proteins that are highly conserved among pathogenic Leptospira species and potential correlates of cross-protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsio A Wunder
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases; Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenUnited States
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Brazilian Ministry of HealthSalvadorBrazil
| | - Haritha Adhikarla
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases; Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenUnited States
| | - Camila Hamond
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases; Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenUnited States
| | - Katharine A Owers Bonner
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases; Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenUnited States
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease; University of California IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Camila B Rodrigues
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease; University of California IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Institute of Technology in Immunobiology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Brazilian Ministry of HealthRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Vimla Bisht
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases; Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenUnited States
| | - Jarlath E Nally
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service; United States Department of AgricultureAmesUnited States
| | - David P Alt
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service; United States Department of AgricultureAmesUnited States
| | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Brazilian Ministry of HealthSalvadorBrazil
| | - Peter J Diggle
- CHICAS, Lancaster Medical School; Lancaster UniversityLancasterUnited Kingdom
| | - Philip L Felgner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease; University of California IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Albert Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases; Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenUnited States
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Brazilian Ministry of HealthSalvadorBrazil
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Abd-Ellatieff H, Anwar S, Abas O, Abou-Rawash AR, Fukushi H, Yanai T. Correlation of Immunomodulatory Cytokine Expression with Histopathological Changes and Viral Antigen in a Hamster Model of Equine Herpesvirus-9 Encephalitis. J Comp Pathol 2020; 180:46-54. [PMID: 33222873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A group of hamsters (n = 25) was intranasally infected with equine herpesvirus-9 (EHV-9) and mRNA transcription levels of several proinflammatory (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines were investigated in brain tissue using RT-qPCR. These levels were correlated with the severity of sequential histopathological changes and intensity of immunohistochemical labelling of virus antigen in brain. Early and progressive upregulation of all the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines investigated (P < 0.05) was correlated with increasing severity of encephalitis and viral antigen expression from 2 days post infection (dpi) with a peak at 4-5 dpi (P <0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Abd-Ellatieff
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Shehata Anwar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Canada
| | - Osama Abas
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Rhman Abou-Rawash
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Hiadeto Fukushi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tokuma Yanai
- Laboratory of Wildlife and Forensic Pathology, Biomedical Science Examination and Research Center, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan.
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Duan J, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Jiang H, Xie B, Zhao T, Zhao F. Research status and perspectives for pathogenic spirochete vaccines. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:117-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Felix CR, Siedler BS, Barbosa LN, Timm GR, McFadden J, McBride AJA. An overview of human leptospirosis vaccine design and future perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 15:179-188. [PMID: 31777290 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1694508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: It's been 20 years since the first report of a recombinant vaccine that protected against leptospirosis. Since then, numerous recombinant vaccines have been evaluated; however, no recombinant vaccine candidate has advanced to clinical trials. With the ever-increasing burden of leptospirosis, there is an urgent need for a universal vaccine against leptospirosis.Areas covered: This review covers the most promising vaccine candidates that induced significant, reproducible, protection and how advances in the field of bioinformatics has led to the discovery of hundreds of novel protein targets. The authors also discuss the most recent findings regarding the innate immune response and host-pathogen interactions and their impact on the discovery of novel vaccine candidates. In addition, the authors have identified what they believe are the most challenging problems for the discovery and development of a universal vaccine and their potential solutions.Expert opinion: A universal vaccine for leptospirosis will likely only be achieved using a recombinant vaccine as the bacterins are of limited use due to the lack of a cross-protective immune response. Although there are hundreds of novel targets, due to the lack of immune correlates and the need for more research into the basic microbiology of Leptospira spp., a universal vaccine is 10-15 years away.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Felix
- Biotechnology Department, Centre for Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bianca S Siedler
- Biotechnology Department, Centre for Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Liana N Barbosa
- Biotechnology Department, Centre for Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Gabriana R Timm
- Biotechnology Department, Centre for Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Johnjoe McFadden
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Alan J A McBride
- Biotechnology Department, Centre for Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Teixeira AF, Fernandes LG, Cavenague MF, Takahashi MB, Santos JC, Passalia FJ, Daroz BB, Kochi LT, Vieira ML, Nascimento AL. Adjuvanted leptospiral vaccines: Challenges and future development of new leptospirosis vaccines. Vaccine 2019; 37:3961-3973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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