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Wang J, Smeath E, Lim HY, Nandurkar H, Kok HK, Ho P. Current challenges in the prevention and management of post-thrombotic syndrome-towards improved prevention. Int J Hematol 2023; 118:547-567. [PMID: 37651058 PMCID: PMC10615940 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a common and potentially debilitating complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), affecting up to 50% of DVT patients. The consequence of this chronic condition includes reduced quality of life, increased use of the healthcare system and decreased productivity. The societal impact of this condition is projected to increase, given our ageing population and increased burden of thrombotic diseases. Despite significant recent advances in our understanding of PTS, many unanswered questions remain. Currently, there are few effective and proven options for established PTS; hence, the emphasis should be on instituting effective prevention to reduce the progression to PTS. Effective anticoagulation lowers the risk of PTS, with direct oral anticoagulants appearing to outperform vitamin-K antagonists. However, the evidence for elastic compression stockings and endovascular thrombolysis or thrombectomy techniques remains unclear. Accurate identification of individuals at high risk of developing PTS may also improve the targeting of preventative interventions. This review will examine the current body of evidence regarding PTS, with a focus on preventative strategies as well as novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Wang
- Northern Health, Epping, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Haematology, Northern Hospital, 185 Cooper St., Epping, Melbourne, 3076, VIC, Australia.
| | - Elise Smeath
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui Yin Lim
- Northern Health, Epping, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Hong Kuan Kok
- Northern Health, Epping, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prahlad Ho
- Northern Health, Epping, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Harbsmeier AN, Altintas I, Iversen K, Andersen O, Nehlin JO. Biomarkers and the post-thrombotic syndrome: A systematic review of biomarkers associated with the occurrence of the post-thrombotic syndrome after lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. Phlebology 2023; 38:577-598. [PMID: 37620994 DOI: 10.1177/02683555231186681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a frequent chronic complication of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Biomarkers are potentially valuable clinical tools for handling PTS. The purpose of this review was to examine which biomarkers are associated with the development of PTS in adults with lower extremity DVT. METHODS We performed a systematic review of all English language prospective studies of biomarkers and PTS published in PubMed and EMBASE. Studies were included if diagnosing DVT by diagnostic imaging and assessing PTS by clinical scales, for example, the Villalta scale. Biomarkers of thrombophilia and pathological clot properties were not assessed. Data was reported qualitatively. RESULTS 15 prospective studies were included. Studies varied widely in study design and methods of data analysis. Forty-six different biomarkers were examined, with seven being measured in two or more studies. The most frequently studied biomarkers were D-dimer, CRP, and IL-6. Associations between PTS and D-dimer were predominantly significant, while results on CRP and IL-6 were inconsistent. ICAM-1 was consistently associated with PTS in all studies and at all timepoints. IL-10 was significantly related to PTS development in the largest study and at all time points. Adiponectin, tPA, HRG and TAFI, MMP-1 and -8, and TIMP-1 and -2 were significantly associated with PTS in single studies. CONCLUSION (1) Further research on biomarkers and PTS is clearly warranted. (2) Significant differences in study designs made it difficult to draw reliable conclusions regarding individual biomarkers. We suggest the implementation of a standardized framework for the study of biomarkers and PTS, to make comparison of future studies more feasible. (3) D-dimer, ICAM-1, IL-10, MMP-1 and 8, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and adiponectin are clinical biomarkers of particular interest to include in future studies of PTS. Large scale systemic quantitative proteomic analyses of DVT patients could help identify novel biomarkers of interest in PTS-patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksel Nathan Harbsmeier
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Izzet Altintas
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Emergency Department, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Emergency Department, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ove Andersen
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Emergency Department, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan O Nehlin
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Yu T, Song J, Yu L, Deng W. A systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of early prediction of post-thrombotic syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1250480. [PMID: 37692043 PMCID: PMC10484413 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1250480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is the most common long-term complication in patients with deep venous thrombosis, and the prevention of PTS remains a major challenge in clinical practice. Some studies have explored early predictors and constructed corresponding prediction models, whereas their specific application and predictive value are controversial. Therefore, we conducted this systematic evaluation and meta-analysis to investigate the incidence of PTS and the feasibility of early prediction. Methods We systematically searched databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science up to April 7, 2023. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles, and the OR values of the predictors in multi-factor logistic regression were pooled to assess whether they could be used as effective independent predictors. Results We systematically included 20 articles involving 8,512 subjects, with a predominant onset of PTS between 6 and 72 months, with a 2-year incidence of 37.5% (95% CI: 27.8-47.7%). The results for the early predictors were as follows: old age OR = 1.840 (95% CI: 1.410-2.402), obesity or overweight OR = 1.721 (95% CI: 1.245-2.378), proximal deep vein thrombosis OR = 2.335 (95% CI: 1.855-2.938), history of venous thromboembolism OR = 3.593 (95% CI: 1.738-7.240), history of smoking OR = 2.051 (95% CI: 1.305-3.224), varicose veins OR = 2.405 (95% CI: 1.344-4.304), and baseline Villalta score OR = 1.095(95% CI: 1.056-1.135). Meanwhile, gender, unprovoked DVT and insufficient anticoagulation were not independent predictors. Seven studies constructed risk prediction models. In the training set, the c-index of the prediction models was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.74-0.80) with a sensitivity of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.68-0.81) and specificity of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.60-0.77). In the validation set, the c-index, sensitivity and specificity of the prediction models were 0.74(95% CI: 0.69-0.79), 0.71(95% CI: 0.64-0.78) and 0.72(95% CI: 0.67-0.76), respectively. Conclusions With a high incidence after venous thrombosis, PTS is a complication that cannot be ignored in patients with venous thrombosis. Risk prediction scoring based on early model construction is a feasible option, which helps to identify the patient's condition and develop an individualized prevention program to reduce the risk of PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yu
- Pharmacy Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, China
| | - Jialin Song
- Microbiology laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, China
| | - LingKe Yu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Internal Medicine Department, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Second Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanlin Deng
- Electrical Engineering, Information Engineering College, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China
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Xiao W, Li J, Feng T, Jin L. Circulating adipokine concentrations and the risk of venous thromboembolism: A Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1113111. [PMID: 37056282 PMCID: PMC10086141 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1113111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous observational studies have suggested that circulating adipokine concentrations are related to a greater risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, it remained unclear whether these observations reflect causality.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between circulating adipokine concentrations (including adiponectin, leptin, PAI-1, MCP-1, leptin receptor, and RETN) and the risk of VTE and its subtypes (DVT and PE) and to determine whether circulating adipokine concentrations are a mediator of venous thromboembolic events in obese patients.Methods: We used Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to determine the effects of the body mass index (BMI), adiponectin, leptin, PAI-1, MCP-1, leptin receptor, and RETN levels on VTE, DVT, and PE in a cohort of 11,288 VTE cases, 5,632 DVT cases, 5,130 PE cases, and 254,771 controls. We then assessed the proportion of the effect of obesity on VTE, DVT, and PE explained by circulating leptin levels.Result: Genetically predicted higher BMI was related to increased VTE (OR = 1.45, p < 0.001), DVT (OR = 1.63, p < 0.001), and PE (OR = 1.37, p < 0.001) risk, and higher circulating leptin levels increase odds of VTE (OR = 1.96, q < 0.001), DVT (OR = 2.52, q < 0.001), and PE (OR = 2.26, q = 0.005). In addition, we found that the causal effect between elevated serum adiponectin and the decreased risk of VTE (OR = 0.85, p = 0.013, q = 0.053) and PE (OR = 0.81, p = 0.032, q = 0.083) and between MCP-1 and the reduced risk of VTE (OR = 0.88, p = 0.048, q = 0.143) is no longer significant after FDR adjustment. In MR mediation analysis, the mediation effect of circulating leptin levels in the causal pathway from BMI to PE was estimated to be 1.28 (0.95–1.71, p = 0.10), accounting for 39.14% of the total effect.Conclusion: The circulating leptin level is a risk factor for VTE, DVT, and PE, but it might be a potential mediator of BMI on the risk of PE, and thus, interventions on the circulating leptin level in obesity might reduce the risk of PE. Adiponectin is a potential protective factor for both VTE and PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Xiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuyi Feng
- The Department of Radiology of the Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Long Jin,
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Overall Hemostatic Potential Assay Detects Risk of Progression to Post-Thrombotic Syndrome in Anticoagulated Patients following Deep Vein Thrombosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123165. [PMID: 36553172 PMCID: PMC9777627 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) frequently leads to post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) which is challenging to predict and prevent. Identifying those at high risk of developing PTS may help to focus preventative strategies. Adults were recruited within 3 months of DVT diagnosis. Blood was sampled during the therapeutic anticoagulation phase. Overall hemostatic potential (OHP) assay, a spectrophotometric assay, was performed on platelet-poor plasma (PPP). In this assay, fibrin formation is triggered by small amounts of thrombin and termed the overall coagulation potential (OCP). Simultaneously, thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator are added to PPP and the resulting fibrin aggregation curve is the overall hemostatic potential (OHP). Fibrinolysis is expressed by the parameter overall fibrinolytic potential (OFP%). Patients were followed up at regular intervals. PTS was diagnosed if the Villalta score was ≥5 at least 3 months after the DVT diagnosis. Results were obtained from 190 patients (53.7% male, mean age 56.9 years). PTS developed in 62 (32.6%) patients. Patients with PTS displayed significantly higher median OCP (45.8 vs. 38.8 units, p = 0.010), OHP (12.8 vs. 9.2 units, p = 0.005) and significantly lower OFP (74.1 vs. 75.6%, p = 0.050). PTS patients had higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios (NLR) (2.3 vs. 1.9, p = 0.007). After multivariate analysis, proximal DVT location, history of varicose veins, NLR ≥ 2.6, OHP > 13.0 units and weight >108 kg were independent predictors for PTS. The c-statistic of the multivariate model was 0.77. This pilot study suggests that OHP testing while patients are still anticoagulated may assist in the prediction of PTS development and could assist in prognostication and targeting of preventative measures. However, larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Hao J, Wang Y, Huo L, Sun T, Zhen Y, Gao Z, Chen S, Ren L. Circulating Bone Morphogenetic Protein-9 is Decreased in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:8539-8546. [PMID: 36514745 PMCID: PMC9741848 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s385513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to examine the association between bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in conjunction with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance (IR) and to identify evidence supporting the potential role of BMP-9 in the clinical prevention and treatment of T2DM in conjunction with NAFLD. Methods One hundred and twenty subjects were included in this study. We sorted all of the subjects into four groups of equal size (n=30 each). A trained expert assessed the height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the subjects and computed the body mass index (BMI). All subjects had their fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), serum BMP-9, and biochemical indices assessed. Results Significant variations were observed in BMI, SBP, DBP, ALT, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoB, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, and serum BMP-9 among the four groups (P<0.05). The level of serum BMP-9 was positively correlated with HDL-C, while the level of serum BMP-9 was negatively correlated with BMI, SBP, DBP, ALT, TC, TG, LDL-C, FBG, FINS, and HOMA-IR. Multiple stepwise regression analyses revealed that FINS, LDL-C, HDL-C, and BMI were independent factors impacting serum BMP-9 levels (P<0.05). Logistic regression analyses revealed that BMP-9 was a protective factor for T2DM paired with NAFLD, while HOMA-IR was a risk factor. Conclusion Serum BMP-9 levels are significantly lower in the T2DM+NAFLD group when compared to other groups, and BMP-9 is an independent risk factor for T2DM paired with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Hao
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China,Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijing Huo
- Laboratory Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Zhen
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luping Ren
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Luping Ren, Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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7
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Weze KO, Obisesan OH, Dardari ZA, Cainzos-Achirica M, Dzaye O, Graham G, Miedema MD, Yeboah J, DeFilippis AP, Nasir K, Blaha MJ, Osei AD. The Interplay of Race/Ethnicity and Obesity on the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:e11-e20. [PMID: 35260291 PMCID: PMC9232870 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Factors predisposing asymptomatic individuals within the community to venous thromboembolism are not fully understood. This study characterizes the incidence and determinants of venous thromboembolism among the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort with a focus on race/ethnicity and obesity. METHODS This study (analyzed in 2020-2021) used the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort (2000-2017), which included participants with diverse ethnic/racial backgrounds aged 45-84 years without cardiovascular disease at baseline. The primary endpoint was time to diagnosis of venous thromboembolism defined using International Classification of Diseases codes (415, 451, 453, 126, 180, and 182). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of the predictors of venous thromboembolism were calculated with a focus on the interaction between obesity and race/ethnicity categories. RESULTS Over a median follow-up period of 14 years, 233 individuals developed venous thromboembolism. Incidence rates (per 1,000 person-years) varied across racial/ethnic groups with the highest incidence among Black (4.02) followed by White (2.98), Hispanic (2.08), and Chinese (0.79) participants. There was a stepwise increase in the incidence rate of venous thromboembolism with increasing BMI regardless of race/ethnicity: normal (1.95), overweight (2.52), obese (3.63), and morbidly obese (4.55). The association between BMI and venous thromboembolism was strongest among non-White women with the highest incidence rate for obese (4.8) compared with non-obese (1.6). The interaction among obesity, gender, and race was statistically significant (p=0.01) in non-White obese women. Risk of venous thromboembolism increased with age for all race/ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS This study finds that obesity may confer an increased risk for venous thromboembolism among non-White women compared with other groups-White men, White women, and non-White men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi O Weze
- Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Olufunmilayo H Obisesan
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zeina A Dardari
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Omar Dzaye
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Garth Graham
- Healthcare and Public Health, Google Inc., Mountain View, California
| | | | - Joseph Yeboah
- Department of Cardiology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Khurram Nasir
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Albert D Osei
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
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Frischmuth T, Hindberg K, Aukrust P, Ueland T, Brækkan SK, Hansen JB, Morelli VM. Plasma Levels of Leptin and Risk of Future Incident Venous Thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:560-569. [PMID: 34264516 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating levels of leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, are frequently elevated in obesity. Leptin has been reported to upregulate prothrombotic hemostatic factors in vitro and could potentially mediate venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in obesity. However, whether leptin is associated with VTE remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE This article investigates the association between plasma leptin and risk of incident VTE, and the potential of leptin to mediate VTE risk in obesity. METHODS A population-based nested case-control study with 416 VTE cases and 848 age- and sex-matched controls was derived from the Tromsø Study. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VTE across leptin quartiles. Analyses were performed separately in men and women using sex-specific quartile cut-offs determined in controls. RESULTS In the age-adjusted model, the VTE risk increased across leptin quartiles, particularly in men. Compared with the lowest quartile, the ORs for VTE in the highest quartile were 1.70 (95% CI 1.04-2.79) in men and 1.36 (95% CI 0.85-2.17) in women. However, with additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), risk estimates were markedly attenuated in men (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.55-1.93) and women (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.45-1.48). The ORs for VTE were increased in obese men and women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and were only marginally affected after adjustment for leptin. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the apparent association between plasma leptin levels and VTE risk is confounded by BMI and that leptin is not a relevant mediator for VTE risk in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Frischmuth
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristian Hindberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid K Brækkan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - John-Bjarne Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vânia M Morelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Iding AFJ, Witten A, Isaacs A, Castoldi E, Ten Cate H, Stoll M, Ten Cate-Hoek AJ. Leukocyte gene expression in post-thrombotic syndrome. Thromb Res 2021; 202:40-42. [PMID: 33713866 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F J Iding
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart+Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anika Witten
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Castoldi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo Ten Cate
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart+Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Monika Stoll
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Arina J Ten Cate-Hoek
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart+Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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10
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Potential roles of bone morphogenetic protein-9 in glucose and lipid homeostasis. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:503-512. [PMID: 32808114 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) is a novel cytokine which is cloned from the fetal mouse liver cDNA library and belongs to the member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. BMP-9 is mainly secreted by the liver and exerts a variety of physiological functions. In this review, we present the latest knowledge on the biochemistry of BMP-9 and its role in glucose metabolism and lipid homeostasis. We introduced the expression site, structure, synthesis, and secretion of BMP-9, as well as BMP-9 signaling pathway. We also discuss the effects of BMP-9 on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in different organs. BMP-9 can regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis in the body by inhibiting liver gluconeogenesis, transforming white adipose tissue to brown adipose tissue, promoting muscle glycogen synthesis, increasing the uptake and utilization of glucose by muscle tissue, increasing liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, promoting insulin synthesis and secretion, inhibiting liver lipid deposition, and playing a leptin-like role. Finally, through the results of animal intervention studies and human clinical studies in the review, we deeply understand the association of BMP-9 with obesity, insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
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