1
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Chen J, Tian J, Feng N, Ning L, Wang D, Zhao B, Guo T, Song J, Rojas OJ. Monodispersed Renewable Particles by Cascade and Density Gradient Size Fractionation to Advance Lignin Nanotechnologies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309756. [PMID: 38602191 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Control over particle size and shape heterogeneity is highly relevant to the design of photonic coatings and supracolloidal assemblies. Most developments in the area have relied on mineral and petroleum-derived polymers that achieve well-defined chemical and dimensional characteristics. Unfortunately, it is challenging to attain such control when considering renewable nanoparticles. Herein, a pathway toward selectable biobased particle size and physicochemical profiles is proposed. Specifically, lignin is fractionated, a widely available heterogeneous polymer that can be dissolved in aqueous solution, to obtain a variety of monodispersed particle fractions. A two-stage cascade and density gradient centrifugation that relieves the need for solvent pre-extraction or other pretreatments but achieves particle bins of uniform size (~60 to 860 nm and polydispersity, PDI<0.06, dynamic light scattering) along with characteristic surface chemical features is introduced. It is found that the properties and associated colloidal behavior of the particles are suitably classified in distinctive size populations, namely, i) nanoscale (50-100 nm), ii) photonic (100-300 nm) and iii) near-micron (300-1000 nm). The strong correlation that exists between size and physicochemical characteristics (molar mass, surface charge, bonding and functional groups, among others) is introduced as a powerful pathway to identify nanotechnological uses that benefit from the functionality and cost-effectiveness of biogenic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Chen
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jing Tian
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Nianjie Feng
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Like Ning
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, the affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Tianyu Guo
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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2
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Demirörs AF, Manne K, Magkiriadou S, Scheffold F. Tuning disorder in structurally colored bioinspired photonic glasses. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1620-1628. [PMID: 38275297 PMCID: PMC10865182 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal crystals, such as opals, display bright and iridescent colors when assembled from submicron particles. While the brightness and purity of iridescent colors are well suited for ornaments, signaling, and anticounterfeiting, their angle dependence limits the range of their applications. In contrast, colloidal glasses display angle-independent structural color that is tunable by the size and local arrangement of particles. However, the angle-independent color of colloidal photonic glasses usually yields pastel colors that are not vivid due to the disorder in the particle assembly. Here, we report an electrophoretic assembly platform for tuning the level of disorder in the particle system from a colloidal crystal to a colloidal glass. Altering the electric field in our electrophoretic platform allows for deliberate control of the assembly kinetics and thus the level of order in the particle assembly. With the help of microscopy, X-ray scattering, and optical characterization, we show that the photonic properties of the assembled films can be tuned with the applied electric field. Our analyses reveal that angle-independent color with optimum color brightness can be achieved in typical colloidal suspensions when the range of order is at ∼3.2 particle diameters, which is expected at a moderate electric field of ∼15 V mm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet F Demirörs
- Soft Matter and Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Kalpana Manne
- Soft Matter and Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Sofia Magkiriadou
- Soft Matter and Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Frank Scheffold
- Soft Matter and Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
- NCCR Bio-inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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3
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Chiappini A, Faccialà D, Novikova NI, Sardar S, D’Andrea C, Scavia G, Botta C, Virgili T. Enhancement of Photoluminescence Properties via Polymer Infiltration in a Colloidal Photonic Glass. Molecules 2024; 29:654. [PMID: 38338398 PMCID: PMC10856319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photonic glasses (PGs) based on the self-assembly of monosized nanoparticles can be an effective tool for realizing disordered structures capable of tailoring light diffusion due to the establishment of Mie resonances. In particular, the wavelength position of these resonances depends mainly on the morphology (dimension) and optical properties (refractive index) of the building blocks. In this study, we report the fabrication and optical characterization of photonic glasses obtained via a self-assembling technique. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the infiltration of these systems with a green-emitting polymer enhances the properties of the polymer, resulting in a large increase in its photoluminescence quantum yield and a 3 ps growing time of the photoluminescence time decay Finally, the development of the aforementioned system can serve as a suitable low-cost platform for the realization of lasers and fluorescence-based bio-sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chiappini
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologia—CNR, IFN and FBK Photonics Unit, Via alla Cascata 56/c, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Davide Faccialà
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologia—CNR, IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Nina I. Novikova
- The Photon Factory and School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Samim Sardar
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Cosimo D’Andrea
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Guido Scavia
- SCITEC—CNR, Via A. Corti, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Botta
- SCITEC—CNR, Via A. Corti, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Tersilla Virgili
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologia—CNR, IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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4
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Fan Q, Li Z, Li Y, Gao A, Zhao Y, Yang D, Zhu C, Brinzari TV, Xu G, Pan L, Vuong LT, Yin Y. Unveiling Enhanced Electrostatic Repulsion in Silica Nanosphere Assembly: Formation Dynamics of Body-Centered-Cubic Colloidal Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28191-28203. [PMID: 38091467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the effective establishment of long-range electrostatic interactions among colloidal silica nanospheres through acid treatment, enabling their assembly into colloidal crystals at remarkably low concentrations. This novel method overcomes the conventional limitation in colloidal silica assembly by removing entrapped NH4+ ions and enhancing the electrical double layer (EDL) thickness, offering a time-efficient alternative to increase electrostatic interactions compared with methods like dialysis. The increased EDL thickness facilitates the assembly of SiO2 nanospheres into a body-centered-cubic lattice structure at low particle concentrations, allowing for broad spectrum tunability and high tolerance to particle size polydispersity. Further, we uncover a disorder-order transition during colloidal crystallization at low particle concentrations, with the optimal concentration for crystal formation governed by both thermodynamic and kinetic factors. This work not only provides insights into assembly mechanisms but also paves the way for the design and functionalization of colloidal silica-based photonic crystals in diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yichen Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Aiqin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yuzhi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Daniel Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Guofeng Xu
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Long Pan
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Luat T Vuong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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5
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Lemcoff T, Alus L, Haataja JS, Wagner A, Zhang G, Pavan MJ, Yallapragada VJ, Vignolini S, Oron D, Schertel L, Palmer BA. Brilliant whiteness in shrimp from ultra-thin layers of birefringent nanospheres. NATURE PHOTONICS 2023; 17:485-493. [PMID: 37287680 PMCID: PMC10241642 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-023-01182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental question regarding light scattering is how whiteness, generated from multiple scattering, can be obtained from thin layers of materials. This challenge arises from the phenomenon of optical crowding, whereby, for scatterers packed with filling fractions higher than ~30%, reflectance is drastically reduced due to near-field coupling between the scatterers. Here we show that the extreme birefringence of isoxanthopterin nanospheres overcomes optical crowding effects, enabling multiple scattering and brilliant whiteness from ultra-thin chromatophore cells in shrimp. Strikingly, numerical simulations reveal that birefringence, originating from the spherulitic arrangement of isoxanthopterin molecules, enables intense broadband scattering almost up to the maximal packing for random spheres. This reduces the thickness of material required to produce brilliant whiteness, resulting in a photonic system that is more efficient than other biogenic or biomimetic white materials which operate in the lower refractive index medium of air. These results highlight the importance of birefringence as a structural variable to enhance the performance of such materials and could contribute to the design of biologically inspired replacements for artificial scatterers like titanium dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lotem Alus
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Avital Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Present Address: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mariela J. Pavan
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Oron
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lukas Schertel
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin A. Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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6
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Röhlig D, Kuhn E, Thränhardt A, Blaudeck T. Simultaneous occurrence and compensating effects of multi‐type disorder in two‐dimensional photonic structures. NANO SELECT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Röhlig
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Institute of Physics Chemnitz Germany
| | - Eduard Kuhn
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Institute of Physics Chemnitz Germany
| | - Angela Thränhardt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Institute of Physics Chemnitz Germany
| | - Thomas Blaudeck
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM) Technische Universität Chemnitz Chemnitz Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) Technische Universität Chemnitz Chemnitz Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS) Chemnitz Germany
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7
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Inverse design of core-shell particles with discrete material classes using neural networks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19019. [PMID: 36347865 PMCID: PMC9643484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of scatterers on demand is a challenging task that requires the investigation and development of novel and flexible approaches. In this paper, we propose a machine learning-assisted optimization framework to design multi-layered core-shell particles that provide a scattering response on demand. Artificial neural networks can learn to predict the scattering spectrum of core-shell particles with high accuracy and can act as fully differentiable surrogate models for a gradient-based design approach. To enable the fabrication of the particles, we consider existing materials and introduce a novel two-step optimization to treat continuous geometric parameters and discrete feasible materials simultaneously. Moreover, we overcome the non-uniqueness of the problem and expand the design space to particles of varying numbers of shells, i.e., different number of optimization parameters, with a classification network. Our method is 1-2 orders of magnitudes faster than conventional approaches in both forward prediction and inverse design and is potentially scalable to even larger and more complex scatterers.
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8
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Tarutani N, Uesugi R, Uemura K, Katagiri K, Inumaru K, Takeoka Y. Understanding the Electrophoretic Deposition Accompanied by Electrochemical Reactions Toward Structurally Colored Bilayer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23653-23659. [PMID: 35475601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Safe, low-cost structurally colored materials are alternative colorants to toxic inorganic pigments and organic dyes. Colloidal amorphous arrays are promising structurally colored materials because of their angle-independent colors. In this study, we focused on precise tuning of the chromaticity by preparing bilayer colloidal amorphous arrays through electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Systematic investigations with various EPD conditions clarified the contributions of each condition to the EPD process and the competing electrochemical reactions, which enabled us to prepare well-colored coatings. EPD films composed of colloidal amorphous array bilayers were successfully synthesized with controlled film thickness. Chromaticity of the films was found to be precisely controlled by the EPD duration. We believe that this understanding of the EPD process and its application to synthesis of structurally colored bilayer films will bring structurally colored materials closer to practical industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tarutani
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ryo Uesugi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kensuke Uemura
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kei Inumaru
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yukikazu Takeoka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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9
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Tran VT, Kim J, Oh S, Jeong KJ, Lee J. Rapid Assembly of Magnetoplasmonic Photonic Arrays for Brilliant, Noniridescent, and Stimuli-Responsive Structural Colors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200317. [PMID: 35344276 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are usually trade-offs between maximizing the color saturation and brightness and minimizing the angle-dependent effect in structural colors. Here, a magnetic field-induced assembly for the rapid formation of scalable, uniform amorphous photonic arrays (APAs) featuring unique structural colors is demonstrated. The magnetic field plays a fundamental role in photonic film formation, making this assembly technology versatile for developing structural color patterns on arbitrary substrates. The synergistic combination of surface plasmonic resonance of the Ag core and broadband light absorption of high refractive index (RI) Fe3 O4 shell in hybrid magnetoplasmonic nanoparticles (MagPlas NPs) enables breaking the trade-offs to produce brilliant, noniridescent structural colors with high tunability and responsiveness. These features enable the fabrication of various types of highly sensitive and reliable colorimetric sensors for naked-eye detection without sophisticated instruments. Furthermore, large-scale structural color patterns are effortlessly achieved, demonstrating the high potential of the present approach for full-spectrum displays, active coatings, and rewritable papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Jeonghyo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jae Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kuhn E, Röhlig D, Sowade E, Rittrich D, Willert A, Schulz SE, Baumann RR, Thränhardt A, Blaudeck T. Disorder explains dual‐band reflection spectrum in spherical colloidal photonic supraparticle assemblies. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Kuhn
- Theoretical Physics Simulation of New Materials Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - David Röhlig
- Theoretical Physics Simulation of New Materials Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Enrico Sowade
- Digital Printing and Imaging Technology Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Dirk Rittrich
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM) Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Andreas Willert
- Printed Functionalities Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS) 09126 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Stefan E. Schulz
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM) Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
- Nano Device Technologies Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS) 09126 Chemnitz Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Reinhard R. Baumann
- Digital Printing and Imaging Technology Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
- Printed Functionalities Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS) 09126 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Angela Thränhardt
- Theoretical Physics Simulation of New Materials Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Thomas Blaudeck
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM) Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
- Nano Device Technologies Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS) 09126 Chemnitz Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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11
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Kokosza Ł, Pawlak J, Mitura Z, Przybylski M. Simplified Determination of RHEED Patterns and Its Explanation Shown with the Use of 3D Computer Graphics. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14113056. [PMID: 34205158 PMCID: PMC8199926 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The process of preparation of nanostructured thin films in high vacuum can be monitored with the help of reflection high energy diffraction (RHEED). However, RHEED patterns, both observed or recorded, need to be interpreted. The simplest approaches are based on carrying out the Ewald construction for a set of rods perpendicular to the crystal surface. This article describes how the utilization of computer graphics may be useful for realistic reproduction of experimental conditions, and then for carrying out the Ewald construction in a reciprocal 3D space. The computer software was prepared in the Java programing language. The software can be used to interpret real diffractions patterns for relatively flat surfaces, and thus it may be helpful in broad research practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kokosza
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakub Pawlak
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (J.P.); (M.P.)
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Mitura
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Marek Przybylski
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (J.P.); (M.P.)
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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12
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Häntsch Y, Shang G, Lei B, Winhard B, Petrov A, Eich M, Holm E, Schneider GA, Furlan KP. Tailoring Disorder and Quality of Photonic Glass Templates for Structural Coloration by Particle Charge Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20511-20523. [PMID: 33878268 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To obtain high-quality homogeneous photonic glass-based structural color films over large areas, it is essential to precisely control the degree of disorder of the spherical particles used and reduce the crack density within the films as much as possible. To tailor the disorder and quality of photonic glasses, a heteroaggregation-based process was developed by employing two oppositely charged equal-sized polystyrene (PS) particle types. The influence of the particle size ratio on the extent of heteroaggregation in the suspension mixes is investigated and correlated with both the morphology and the resultant optical properties of the films. The results show that the oppositely charged particle size ratio within the mix greatly influences the assembled structure in the films, affecting their roughness, crack density, and the coffee-ring formation. To better differentiate the morphology of the films, scanning electron microscopy images of the microstructures were classified by a supervised training of a deep convolutional neural network model to find distinctions that are inaccessible by conventional image analysis methods. Selected compositions were then infiltrated with TiO2 via atomic layer deposition, and after removal of the PS spheres, surface-templated inverse photonic glasses were obtained. Different color impressions and optical properties were obtained depending on the heteroaggregation level and thus the quality of the resultant films. The best results regarding the stability of the films and suppression of coffee-ring formation are obtained with a 35 wt % positively charged over negatively charged particle mix, which yielded enhanced structural coloration associated with improved film quality, tailored by the heteroaggregation fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Häntsch
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guoliang Shang
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Benedikt Winhard
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Petrov
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
- ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskii Avenue, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manfred Eich
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Holm
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kaline P Furlan
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Influence of Alumina Addition on the Optical Properties and the Thermal Stability of Titania Thin Films and Inverse Opals Produced by Atomic Layer Deposition. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11041053. [PMID: 33924052 PMCID: PMC8074236 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at low temperatures (<100 °C) are, in general, amorphous and exhibit a smaller refractive index in comparison to their crystalline counterparts. Nonetheless, low-temperature ALD is needed when the substrates or templates are based on polymeric materials, as the deposition has to be performed below their glass transition or melting temperatures. This is the case for photonic crystals generated via ALD infiltration of self-assembled polystyrene templates. When heated up, crystal phase transformations take place in the thin films or photonic structures, and the accompanying volume reduction as well as the burn-out of residual impurities can lead to mechanical instability. The introduction of cation doping (e.g., Al or Nb) in bulk TiO2 parts is known to alter phase transitions and to stabilize crystalline phases. In this work, we have developed low-temperature ALD super-cycles to introduce Al2O3 into TiO2 thin films and photonic crystals. The aluminum oxide content was adjusted by varying the TiO2:Al2O3 internal loop ratio within the ALD super-cycle. Both thin films and inverse opal photonic crystal structures were subjected to thermal treatments ranging from 200 to 1200 °C and were characterized by in- and ex-situ X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and spectroscopic reflectance measurements. The results show that the introduction of alumina affects the crystallization and phase transition temperatures of titania as well as the optical properties of the inverse opal photonic crystals (iPhC). The thermal stability of the titania iPhCs was increased by the alumina introduction, maintaining their photonic bandgap even after heat treatment at 900 °C and outperforming the pure titania, with the best results being achieved with the super-cycles corresponding to an estimated alumina content of 26 wt.%.
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14
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Wiernik G, Mishra NK, Mondal S, Ali R, Gazit E, Verma S. A colored hydrophobic peptide film based on self-assembled two-fold topology. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 594:326-333. [PMID: 33770567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Structural colors are abundant in nature and bear advantages over pigment-based colors, such as higher durability, brilliance and often physical hydrophobicity, thus underlying their vast potential for technological applications. Recently, biomimetics of complex natural topologies resulting in such effects has been extensively studied, requiring advanced processing and fabrication techniques. Yet, artificial topologies combining structural coloration and hydrophobicity have not been reported. Herein, we present the bottom-up fabrication of short self-assembling peptides as surface covering films, resulting in an easily achievable multilevel morphology of primary structures in a foam-like enclosure, producing structural colors and hydrophobicity. We demonstrate simple techniques allowing controlled coloration of different surfaces while maintaining an >100° water contact angle (WCA). The new artificial topology is much simpler than the natural counterparts and is not limited to a specific peptide, thus allowing the design of modular materials with unparalleled multifunctionalities and potential for further tuning and modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Wiernik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Narendra Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Sudipta Mondal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, WB, India.
| | - Rafat Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India.
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India.
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15
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Jacucci G, Vignolini S, Schertel L. The limitations of extending nature's color palette in correlated, disordered systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23345-23349. [PMID: 32900921 PMCID: PMC7519302 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010486117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms have developed a wide range of appearances from iridescent to matte textures. Interestingly, angular-independent structural colors, where isotropy in the scattering structure is present, only produce coloration in the blue wavelength region of the visible spectrum. One might, therefore, wonder if such observation is a limitation of the architecture of the palette of materials available in nature. Here, by exploiting numerical modeling, we discuss the origin of isotropic structural colors without restriction to a specific light scattering regime. We show that high color purity and color saturation cannot be reached in isotropic short-range order structures for red hues. This conclusion holds even in the case of advanced scatterer morphologies, such as core-shell particles or inverse photonic glasses-explaining recent experimental findings reporting very poor performances of visual appearance for such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Jacucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Schertel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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16
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Katagiri K, Uemura K, Uesugi R, Tarutani N, Inumaru K, Uchikoshi T, Seki T, Takeoka Y. Robust Structurally Colored Coatings Composed of Colloidal Arrays Prepared by the Cathodic Electrophoretic Deposition Method with Metal Cation Additives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40768-40777. [PMID: 32842742 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Structurally colored coatings composed of colloidal arrays of monodisperse spherical particles have attracted great attention owing to their versatile advantages, such as low cost, resistance to fading, and low impacts on the environment and human health. However, the weak mechanical stability is considered to be a major obstacle for their practical applications as colorants. Although several approaches based on the addition of polymer additives to enhance the adhesion of particles have been reported, the challenge remains to develop a strategy for the preparation of structurally colored coatings with extremely high robustness using a simple process. Here, we have developed a novel approach to fabricate robust structurally colored coatings by cathodic electrophoretic deposition. The addition of a metal salt, i.e., Mg(NO3)2, to the coating dispersion allows SiO2 particles to have a positive charge, which enables the electrophoresis of SiO2 particles toward the cathode. At the cathode, Mg(OH)2 codeposits with SiO2 particles because OH- ions are generated by the decomposition of dissolved oxygen and NO3- ions. The mechanical stability of the colloidal arrays obtained by this process is remarkably improved because Mg(OH)2 facilitates the adhesion of the particles and substrates. The brilliant structural color is maintained even after several cycles of the sandpaper abrasion test. We have also demonstrated the coating on a stainless steel fork. This demonstration reveals that our approach enables a homogeneous coating on a complicated surface. Furthermore, the high durability of the coating is clarified because the coating did not peel off even when the fork was stuck into a plastic eraser. Therefore, the coating technique developed here will provide an effective method for the pervasive application of the structural color as a colorant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyofumi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kensuke Uemura
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ryo Uesugi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Naoki Tarutani
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kei Inumaru
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Uchikoshi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yukikazu Takeoka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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17
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Shang G, Furlan KP, Janßen R, Petrov A, Eich M. Surface templated inverse photonic glass for saturated blue structural color. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:7759-7770. [PMID: 32225414 DOI: 10.1364/oe.380488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To substitute conventional pigments, which often are toxic or suffer from fading in ultraviolet light, non-iridescent structural colors should demonstrate high spectral selectivity, while being also mechanically stable. However, conventional photonic glass (PhG) shows low color saturation due to the gradual transition in the reflection spectrum and low mechanical stability due to weak interparticle attachment. Here, a PhG with sharp spectral transition in comparison with the conventional full sphere PhG is designed by a conformal coating via atomic layer deposition (ALD) onto an organic PhG template. The ALD deposition allows to control the film thickness precisely for the highly saturated color. This structure can be described by hollow particle motifs with the effective size larger than the interparticle distance. Such unusual PhG is motivated by the achievable features in the spatial Fourier transform of a disordered assembly of such motifs. The surface-templated inverse PhG shows much higher color saturation than the direct PhG from full spheres. Moreover, the dense and solid connected shell will be beneficial for mechanical stability. These results pave the way for highly saturated structural colors. The demonstrated sharp spectral selection feature can be also considered for many related applications such as sunscreens, photovoltaics and radiative cooling by adjusting the reflection transition to the required wavelength. This can be achieved by proportionally scaling the motif and lattice dimensions as well as the film thickness.
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18
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Baek K, Kim Y, Mohd-Noor S, Hyun JK. Mie Resonant Structural Colors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5300-5318. [PMID: 31899614 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Structural colors refer to colors produced by the interference of light scattered by judiciously arranged nano- or microscopic structures. In this Forum Article, we discuss the use of Mie resonant scattering in structural colors with dielectric and metal-dielectric hybrid structures to achieve notable figures of merit in pixel size and gamut range. Compared with plasmonic structures, resonant dielectric and hybrid structures are subjected to less loss while providing strong field confinement and large scattering cross sections, making them appealing for realizing vibrant colors at ultrahigh resolutions. We outline the basic principles behind Mie resonances in analytically solvable structures and highlight the relation between these resonances and color with demonstrations in dielectric metasurfaces. Mie resonant colors occurring in nonplanar designs including disordered systems are also explored. We review recent advances in dynamic and reversibly tunable Mie resonant colors and conclude by providing an outlook for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungnae Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngji Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Republic of Korea
| | - Syazwani Mohd-Noor
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jerome K Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Republic of Korea
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19
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Naoi Y, Seki T, Ohnuki R, Yoshioka S, Takeoka Y. Characterization of Colloidal Amorphous Arrays Prepared by Uniaxial Pressure Application. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13983-13990. [PMID: 31573818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We prepared a colloidal amorphous array by applying uniaxial pressure to a powder of monodispersed colloidal silica particles. Pellet-shaped samples were obtained that exhibit different structural colors depending on the diameter of the particles. We characterized the optical properties of the arrays by measuring the angle-dependent scattering spectrum wherein several spectral peaks were observed. The peak at the longest wavelength was caused by the short-range order of the particle arrangement. Interestingly, this peak exhibited a smaller shift in wavelength than that observed in similar samples prepared by several different methods. The other spectral peaks were thought to originate from Mie scattering, which produces a color when the diameter of the colloidal particles is appropriately chosen. Our results showed that uniaxial pressure application can be a suitable method to prepare structurally colored pigments with low angle dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Naoi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ohnuki
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology , Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki , Noda 278-8510 , Japan
| | - Shinya Yoshioka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology , Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki , Noda 278-8510 , Japan
| | - Yukikazu Takeoka
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
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20
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Dahl GT, Döring S, Krekeler T, Janssen R, Ritter M, Weller H, Vossmeyer T. Alumina-Doped Zirconia Submicro-Particles: Synthesis, Thermal Stability, and Microstructural Characterization. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12182856. [PMID: 31491844 PMCID: PMC6766039 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zirconia nanoceramics are interesting materials for numerous high-temperature applications. Because their beneficial properties are mainly governed by the crystal and microstructure, it is essential to understand and control these features. The use of co-stabilizing agents in the sol-gel synthesis of zirconia submicro-particles should provide an effective tool for adjusting the particles' size and shape. Furthermore, alumina-doping is expected to enhance the particles' size and shape persistence at high temperatures, similar to what is observed in corresponding bulk ceramics. Dispersed alumina should inhibit grain growth by forming diffusion barriers, additionally impeding the martensitic phase transformation in zirconia grains. Here, alumina-doped zirconia particles with sphere-like shape and average diameters of ∼ 300 n m were synthesized using a modified sol-gel route employing icosanoic acid and hydroxypropyl cellulose as stabilizing agents. The particles were annealed at temperatures between 800 and 1200 ∘ C and characterized by electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Complementary elemental analyses confirmed the precise control over the alumina content (0-50 mol%) in the final product. Annealed alumina-doped particles showed more pronounced shape persistence after annealing at 1000 ∘ C than undoped particles. Quantitative phase analyses revealed an increased stabilization of the tetragonal/cubic zirconia phase and a reduced grain growth with increasing alumina content. Elemental mapping indicated pronounced alumina segregation near the grain boundaries during annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Thomas Dahl
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Döring
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 42 (M), 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Janssen
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15 (K), 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 42 (M), 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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21
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Transparency induced in opals via nanometer thick conformal coating. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11379. [PMID: 31388189 PMCID: PMC6684641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled periodic structures out of monodisperse spherical particles, so-called opals, are a versatile approach to obtain 3D photonic crystals. We show that a thin conformal coating of only several nanometers can completely alter the reflection properties of such an opal. Specifically, a coating with a refractive index larger than that of the spherical particles can eliminate the first photonic band gap of opals. To explain this non-intuitive effect, where a nm-scaled coating results in a drastic change of optical properties at wavelengths a hundred times bigger, we split the permittivity distribution of the opal into a lattice function convoluted with that of core-shell particles as a motif. In reciprocal space, the Bragg peaks that define the first Brillouin zone can be eliminated if the motif function, which is multiplied, assumes zero at the Bragg peak positions. Therefore, we designed a non-monotonic refractive index distribution from the center of the particle through the shell into the background and adjusted the coating thickness. The theory is supported by simulations and experiments that a nanometer thin TiO2 coating via atomic layer deposition (ALD) on synthetic opals made from polystyrene particles induces nearly full transparency at a wavelength range where the uncoated opal strongly reflects. This effect paves the way for sensing applications such as monitoring the thicknesses growth in ALD in-situ and in real time as well as measuring a refractive index change without spectral interrogation.
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22
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Kim SH, Hwang V, Lee SG, Ha JW, Manoharan VN, Yi GR. Solution-Processable Photonic Inks of Mie-Resonant Hollow Carbon-Silica Nanospheres. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900931. [PMID: 31038291 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hollow carbon-silica nanospheres that exhibit angle-independent structural color with high saturation and minimal absorption are made. Through scattering calculations, it is shown that the structural color arises from Mie resonances that are tuned precisely by varying the thickness of the shells. Since the color does not depend on the spatial arrangement of the particles, the coloration is angle independent and vibrant in powders and liquid suspensions. These properties make hollow carbon-silica nanospheres ideal for applications, and their potential in making flexible, angle-independent films and 3D printed films is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Interface Materials and Chemical Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Victoria Hwang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sang Goo Lee
- Interface Materials and Chemical Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Ha
- Interface Materials and Chemical Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinothan N Manoharan
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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