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Schiano C, Sephton B, Aiello R, Graffitti F, Lal N, Chiuri A, Santoro S, Amato LS, Marrucci L, de Lisio C, D’Ambrosio V. Engineering quantum states from a spatially structured quantum eraser. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9278. [PMID: 39047105 PMCID: PMC11268414 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Quantum interference is a central resource in many quantum-enhanced tasks, from computation to communication. While usually occurring between identical photons, it can also be enabled by performing projective measurements that render the photons indistinguishable, a process known as quantum erasing. Structured light forms another hallmark of photonics, achieved by manipulating the degrees of freedom of light, and enables a multitude of applications in both classical and quantum regimes. By combining these ideas, we design and experimentally demonstrate a simple and robust scheme that tailors quantum interference to engineer photonic states with spatially structured coalescence along the transverse profile, a type of quantum mode with no classical counterpart. To achieve this, we locally tune the distinguishability of a photon pair by spatially structuring the polarization and creating a structured quantum eraser. We believe that these spatially engineered multiphoton quantum states may be of significance in fields such as quantum metrology, microscopy, and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Schiano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Bereneice Sephton
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Aiello
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Graffitti
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Nijil Lal
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiuri
- Enea–Centro Ricerche Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Simone Santoro
- Enea–Centro Ricerche Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Luigi Santamaria Amato
- Italian Space Agency (ASI), Centro di Geodesia Spaziale ‘Giuseppe Colombo’, Località Terlecchia, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marrucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Corrado de Lisio
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo D’Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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2
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Roberts K, Wolley O, Gregory T, Padgett MJ. A comparison between the measurement of quantum spatial correlations using qCMOS photon-number resolving and electron multiplying CCD camera technologies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14687. [PMID: 38918443 PMCID: PMC11199506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cameras with single-photon sensitivities can be used to measure the spatial correlations between the photon-pairs that are produced by parametric down-conversion. Even when pumped by a single-mode laser, the signal and idler photons are typically distributed over several thousand spatial modes yet strongly correlated with each other in their position and anti-correlated in their transverse momentum. These spatial correlations enable applications in imaging, sensing, communication, and optical processing. Here we show that, using a photon-number resolving camera, spatial correlations can be observed after only a few 10s of seconds of measurement time, thereby demonstrating comparable performance with previous single photon sensitive camera technologies but with the additional capability to resolve photon-number. Consequently, these photon-number resolving technologies are likely to find wide use in quantum, low-light, imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Roberts
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - O Wolley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - T Gregory
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M J Padgett
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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3
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Courme B, Vernière C, Svihra P, Gigan S, Nomerotski A, Defienne H. Quantifying high-dimensional spatial entanglement with a single-photon-sensitive time-stamping camera. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3439-3442. [PMID: 37390150 DOI: 10.1364/ol.487182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
High-dimensional entanglement is a promising resource for quantum technologies. Being able to certify it for any quantum state is essential. However, to date, experimental entanglement certification methods are imperfect and leave some loopholes open. Using a single-photon-sensitive time-stamping camera, we quantify high-dimensional spatial entanglement by collecting all output modes and without background subtraction, two critical steps on the route toward assumptions-free entanglement certification. We show position-momentum Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations and quantify the entanglement of formation of our source to be larger than 2.8 along both transverse spatial axes, indicating a dimension higher than 14. Our work overcomes important challenges in photonic entanglement quantification and paves the way toward the development of practical quantum information processing protocols based on high-dimensional entanglement.
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Bhattacharjee A, Joshi MK, Karan S, Leach J, Jha AK. Propagation-induced revival of entanglement in the angle-OAM bases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn7876. [PMID: 35930646 PMCID: PMC9355354 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn7876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the continuous-variable position-momentum entanglement of photon pairs produced by parametric down-conversion has applicability in several quantum information applications, it is not suitable for applications involving long-distance propagation. This is because entanglement in the position-momentum bases, as seen through Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)-correlation measurements, decays very rapidly with photons propagating away from the source. In contrast, in this article, we show that in the continuous-variable bases of angle-orbital angular momentum (OAM), the entanglement, as seen through EPR-correlation measurements, exhibits a remarkably different behavior. As with the position-momentum bases, initially, the entanglement in the angle-OAM bases also decays with propagation, and after a few centimeters of propagation, there is no angle-OAM entanglement left. However, as the photons continue to travel further away from the source, the entanglement in the angle-OAM bases revives. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate this behavior and show that angle-OAM entanglement revives even in the presence of strong turbulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mritunjay K. Joshi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur UP 208016, India
| | - Suman Karan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur UP 208016, India
| | - Jonathan Leach
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Anand K. Jha
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur UP 208016, India
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5
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Pixel super-resolution with spatially entangled photons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3566. [PMID: 35732642 PMCID: PMC9217946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pixelation occurs in many imaging systems and limits the spatial resolution of the acquired images. This effect is notably present in quantum imaging experiments with correlated photons in which the number of pixels used to detect coincidences is often limited by the sensor technology or the acquisition speed. Here, we introduce a pixel super-resolution technique based on measuring the full spatially-resolved joint probability distribution (JPD) of spatially-entangled photons. Without shifting optical elements or using prior information, our technique increases the pixel resolution of the imaging system by a factor two and enables retrieval of spatial information lost due to undersampling. We demonstrate its use in various quantum imaging protocols using photon pairs, including quantum illumination, entanglement-enabled quantum holography, and in a full-field version of N00N-state quantum holography. The JPD pixel super-resolution technique can benefit any full-field imaging system limited by the sensor spatial resolution, including all already established and future photon-correlation-based quantum imaging schemes, bringing these techniques closer to real-world applications. Pixelation is common in quantum imaging systems and limit the image spatial resolution. Here, the authors introduce a pixel super-resolution approach based on measuring the full spatially-resolved joint probability distribution of spatially-entangled photons, and improve pixel resolution by a factor two.
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Asban S, Mukamel S. Distinguishability and "which pathway" information in multidimensional interferometric spectroscopy with a single entangled photon-pair. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj4566. [PMID: 34550740 PMCID: PMC8457662 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj4566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Correlated photons inspire abundance of metrology-related platforms, which benefit from quantum (anti-) correlations and outperform their classical counterparts. While these mainly focus on entanglement, the role of photon exchange phase and degree of distinguishability has not been widely used in quantum applications. Using an interferometric setup, we theoretically show that, when a two-photon wave function is coupled to matter, it is encoded with “which pathway?” information even at low-degree of entanglement. An interferometric protocol, which enables phase-sensitive discrimination between microscopic interaction histories (pathways), is developed. We find that quantum light interferometry facilitates utterly different set of time delay variables, which are unbound by uncertainty to the inverse bandwidth of the wave packet. We illustrate our findings on an exciton model system and demonstrate how to probe intraband dephasing in the time domain without temporally resolved detection. The unusual scaling of multiphoton coincidence signals with the applied pump intensity is discussed.
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Boucher P, Defienne H, Gigan S. Engineering spatial correlations of entangled photon pairs by pump beam shaping. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4200-4203. [PMID: 34469974 DOI: 10.1364/ol.425372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to engineer the properties of quantum optical states is essential for quantum information processing applications. Here, we demonstrate tunable control of spatial correlations between photon pairs produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, and measure them using an electron multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD) camera. By shaping the spatial pump beam profile in a type-I collinear configuration, we tailor the spatial structure of coincidences between photon pairs entangled in high dimensions without effect on intensity. The results highlight fundamental aspects of spatial coherence and hold potential for the development of quantum technologies based on high-dimensional spatial entanglement.
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8
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Lipka M, Parniak M. Fast imaging of multimode transverse-spectral correlations for twin photons. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:3009-3012. [PMID: 34197366 DOI: 10.1364/ol.417658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperentangled photonic states-exhibiting nonclassical correlations in several degrees of freedom-offer improved performance of quantum optical communication and computation schemes. Experimentally, a hyperentanglement of transverse-wave-vector and spectral modes can be obtained in a straightforward way with multimode parametric single-photon sources. Nevertheless, experimental characterization of such states remains challenging. Not only single-photon detection with high spatial resolution-a single-photon camera-is required, but also a suitable mode converter to observe the spectral-temporal degree of freedom. We experimentally demonstrate a measurement of full four-dimensional transverse-wave-vector-spectral correlations between pairs of photons produced in noncollinear spontaneous parametric downconversion. Utilization of a custom ultrafast single-photon camera provides high resolution and a short measurement time.
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9
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Szoke S, He M, Hickam BP, Cushing SK. Designing high-power, octave spanning entangled photon sources for quantum spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:244201. [PMID: 34241348 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Entangled photon spectroscopy is a nascent field that has important implications for measurement and imaging across chemical, biology, and materials fields. Entangled photon spectroscopy potentially offers improved spatial and temporal-frequency resolutions, increased cross sections for multiphoton and nonlinear measurements, and new abilities in inducing or measuring quantum correlations. A critical step in enabling entangled photon spectroscopies is the creation of high-flux entangled sources that can use conventional detectors as well as provide redundancy for the losses in realistic samples. Here, we report a periodically poled, chirped, lithium tantalate platform that generates entangled photon pairs with ∼10-7 efficiency. For a near watt level diode laser, this results in a near μW-level flux. The single photon per mode limit that is necessary to maintain non-classical photon behavior is still satisfied by distributing this power over up to an octave-spanning bandwidth. The spectral-temporal photon correlations are observed via a Michelson-type interferometer that measures the broadband Hong-Ou-Mandel two-photon interference. A coherence time of 245 fs for a 10 nm bandwidth in the collinear case and a coherence time of 62 fs for a 125 nm bandwidth in the non-collinear case are measured using a CW pump laser and, essentially, collecting the full photon cone. We outline in detail the numerical methods used for designing and tailoring the entangled photons source, such as changing center wavelength or bandwidth, with the ultimate aim of increasing the availability of high-flux UV-Vis entangled photon sources in the optical spectroscopy community.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Szoke
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M He
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B P Hickam
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S K Cushing
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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10
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Fast camera spatial characterization of photonic polarization entanglement. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6181. [PMID: 32277076 PMCID: PMC7148376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Scalable technologies to characterize the performance of quantum devices are crucial to creating large quantum networks and quantum processing units. Chief among the resources of quantum information processing is entanglement. Here we describe the full temporal and spatial characterization of polarization-entangled photons produced by Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversions using an intensified high-speed optical camera, Tpx3Cam. This novel technique allows for precise determination of Bell inequality parameters with minimal technical overhead, and for new characterization methods for the spatial distribution of entangled quantum information. The fast-optical camera could lead to multiple applications in Quantum Information Science, opening new perspectives for the scalability of quantum experiments.
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11
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Defienne H, Reichert M, Fleischer JW. Adaptive Quantum Optics with Spatially Entangled Photon Pairs. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:233601. [PMID: 30576164 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.233601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Light shaping facilitates the preparation and detection of optical states and underlies many applications in communications, computing, and imaging. In this Letter, we generalize light shaping to the quantum domain. We show that patterns of phase modulation for classical laser light can also shape higher orders of spatial coherence, allowing deterministic tailoring of high-dimensional quantum entanglement. By modulating spatially entangled photon pairs, we create periodic, topological, and random patterns of quantum illumination, without effect on intensity. We then structure the quantum illumination to simultaneously compensate for entanglement that has been randomized by a scattering medium and to characterize the medium's properties via a quantum measurement of the optical memory effect. The results demonstrate fundamental aspects of spatial coherence and open the field of adaptive quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Defienne
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Matthew Reichert
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jason W Fleischer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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12
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Wang K, Titchener JG, Kruk SS, Xu L, Chung HP, Parry M, Kravchenko II, Chen YH, Solntsev AS, Kivshar YS, Neshev DN, Sukhorukov AA. Quantum metasurface for multiphoton interference and state reconstruction. Science 2018; 361:1104-1108. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metasurfaces based on resonant nanophotonic structures have enabled innovative types of flat-optics devices that often outperform the capabilities of bulk components, yet these advances remain largely unexplored for quantum applications. We show that nonclassical multiphoton interferences can be achieved at the subwavelength scale in all-dielectric metasurfaces. We simultaneously image multiple projections of quantum states with a single metasurface, enabling a robust reconstruction of amplitude, phase, coherence, and entanglement of multiphoton polarization-encoded states. One- and two-photon states are reconstructed through nonlocal photon correlation measurements with polarization-insensitive click detectors positioned after the metasurface, and the scalability to higher photon numbers is established theoretically. Our work illustrates the feasibility of ultrathin quantum metadevices for the manipulation and measurement of multiphoton quantum states, with applications in free-space quantum imaging and communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - James G. Titchener
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Quantum Technology Enterprise Centre, Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Sergey S. Kruk
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lei Xu
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Hung-Pin Chung
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | - Matthew Parry
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ivan I. Kravchenko
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Yen-Hung Chen
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
- Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | - Alexander S. Solntsev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yuri S. Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Dragomir N. Neshev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrey A. Sukhorukov
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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