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Asakura T. Subjective effects of broadband water sounds with inaudible high-frequency components. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7627. [PMID: 38561365 PMCID: PMC10984986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of reproducing an ultrasonic sound above 20 kHz on the subjective impressions of water sounds using psychological and physiological information obtained by the semantic differential method and electroencephalography (EEG), respectively. The results indicated that the ultrasonic component affected the subjective impression of the water sounds. In addition, regarding the relationship between psychological and physiological aspects, a moderate correlation was confirmed between the EEG change rate and subjective impressions. However, no differences in characteristics were found between with and without the ultrasound component, suggesting that ultrasound does not directly affect the relationship between subjective impressions and EEG energy at the current stage. Furthermore, the correlations calculated for the left and right channels in the occipital region differed significantly, which suggests functional asymmetry for sound perception between the right and left hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Asakura
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.
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Bartke A, Hascup E, Hascup K. Responses to Many Anti-Aging Interventions Are Sexually Dimorphic. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:29-38. [PMID: 37118966 PMCID: PMC10782120 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing appreciation that sex differences are not limited to reproductive organs or traits related to reproduction and that sex is an important biological variable in most characteristics of a living organism. The biological process of aging and aging-related traits are no exception and exhibit numerous, often major, sex differences. This article explores one aspect of these differences, namely sex differences in the responses to anti-aging interventions. Aging can be slowed down and/or postponed by a variety of environmental ("lifestyle"), genetic or pharmacological interventions. Although many, particularly older studies utilized only one sex of experimental animals, there is considerable evidence that responses to these interventions can be very different in females and males. Calorie restriction (CR), that is reducing food intake without malnutrition can extend longevity in both sexes, but specific metabolic alterations and health benefits induced by CR are not the same in women and men. In laboratory mice, several of the genetic alterations that reduce insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) signaling extend longevity more effectively in females or in females only. Beneficial effects of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR signaling, on mouse longevity are greater in females. In contrast, several anti-aging compounds, including a weak estrogen, 17 alpha estradiol, extend longevity of male, but not female, mice. Apparently, fundamental mechanisms of aging are not identical in females and males and it is essential to use both sexes in studies aimed at identifying novel anti-aging interventions. Recommendations for lifestyle modifications, drugs, and dietary supplements to maintain good health and functionality into advanced age and to live longer will likely need to be tailored to the sex of the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
| | - Erin Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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Effects of lifespan-extending interventions on cognitive healthspan. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 25:e2. [PMID: 36377361 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is known to be the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. They are currently incurable and worsen over time, which has broad implications in the context of lifespan and healthspan extension. Adding years to life and even to physical health is suboptimal or even insufficient, if cognitive ageing is not adequately improved. In this review, we will examine how interventions that have the potential to extend lifespan in animals affect the brain, and if they would be able to thwart or delay the development of cognitive dysfunction and/or neurodegeneration. These interventions range from lifestyle (caloric restriction, physical exercise and environmental enrichment) through pharmacological (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors, resveratrol, rapamycin, metformin, spermidine and senolytics) to epigenetic reprogramming. We argue that while many of these interventions have clear potential to improve cognitive health and resilience, large-scale and long-term randomised controlled trials are needed, along with studies utilising washout periods to determine the effects of supplementation cessation, particularly in aged individuals.
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Kawai N, Honda M, Nishina E, Ueno O, Fukushima A, Ohmura R, Fujita N, Oohashi T. Positive effect of inaudible high-frequency components of sounds on glucose tolerance: a quasi-experimental crossover study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18463. [PMID: 36323763 PMCID: PMC9630438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although stress significantly impacts on various metabolic syndromes, including diabetes mellitus, most stress management techniques are based on psychological and subjective approaches. This study examined how the presence or absence of the inaudible high-frequency component (HFC) of sounds, which activates deep-brain structures, affects glucose tolerance in healthy participants using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Sounds containing HFC suppressed the increase in glucose levels measured by incremental area under the curve in the OGTT compared with the otherwise same sounds without HFC. The suppression effect of HFC was more prominent in the older age group and the group with high HbA1c. This suggests that sounds with HFC are more effective in improving glucose tolerance in individuals at a higher risk of glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norie Kawai
- grid.452483.c0000 0001 2113 4217Department of Research and Development, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Japan ,grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Information Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Manabu Honda
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Information Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Emi Nishina
- grid.412875.d0000 0000 8667 6925Department of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ueno
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Information Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Ariko Fukushima
- grid.444357.50000 0004 0370 2606Center for Liberal Arts and Basic Education, Edogawa University, Nagareyama, Japan
| | - Rikka Ohmura
- grid.412875.d0000 0000 8667 6925Department of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nahiko Fujita
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Oohashi
- grid.452483.c0000 0001 2113 4217Department of Research and Development, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101636. [PMID: 35490966 PMCID: PMC9168971 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending cognitive healthspan. Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and, as lifespans are increasing, these health challenges are becoming more prevalent. An age-associated loss in neural stem cell number and/or activity could cause this decline in brain function, so interventions that reverse aging in stem cells might increase the human cognitive healthspan. In this review, we describe the involvement of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and address the molecular mechanistic aspects of neurogenesis that involve some of the key aggregation-prone proteins in the brain (i.e., tau, Aβ, α-synuclein, …). We summarize the research pertaining to interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate known targets in aging research, such as mTOR and sirtuins. Lastly, we share our outlook on restoring the levels of neurogenesis to physiological levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration. We suggest that modulating neurogenesis represents a potential target for interventions that could help in the fight against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Culig
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Denda M, Nakanishi S. Do epidermal keratinocytes have sensory and information processing systems? Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:459-474. [PMID: 34726302 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It was long considered that the role of epidermal keratinocytes is solely to construct a water-impermeable protective membrane, the stratum corneum, at the uppermost layer of the skin. However, in the last two decades, it has been found that keratinocytes contain multiple sensory systems that detect environmental changes, including mechanical stimuli, sound, visible radiation, electric fields, magnetic fields, temperature and chemical stimuli, and also a variety of receptor molecules associated with olfactory or taste sensation. Moreover, neurotransmitters and their receptors that play crucial roles in the brain are functionally expressed in keratinocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that excitation of keratinocytes can induce sensory perception in the brain. Here, we review the sensory and information processing capabilities of keratinocytes. We discuss the possibility that epidermal keratinocytes might represent the earliest stage in the development of the brain during the evolution of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Denda
- Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8525, Japan
| | - Shinobu Nakanishi
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, 220-0011, Japan
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Vatner SF, Zhang J, Oydanich M, Berkman T, Naftalovich R, Vatner DE. Healthful aging mediated by inhibition of oxidative stress. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101194. [PMID: 33091597 PMCID: PMC7710569 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The progressive increase in lifespan over the past century carries with it some adversity related to the accompanying burden of debilitating diseases prevalent in the older population. This review focuses on oxidative stress as a major mechanism limiting longevity in general, and healthful aging, in particular. Accordingly, the first goal of this review is to discuss the role of oxidative stress in limiting longevity, and compare healthful aging and its mechanisms in different longevity models. Secondly, we discuss common signaling pathways involved in protection against oxidative stress in aging and in the associated diseases of aging, e.g., neurological, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and cancer. Much of the literature has focused on murine models of longevity, which will be discussed first, followed by a comparison with human models of longevity and their relationship to oxidative stress protection. Finally, we discuss the extent to which the different longevity models exhibit the healthful aging features through physiological protective mechanisms related to exercise tolerance and increased β-adrenergic signaling and also protection against diabetes and other metabolic diseases, obesity, cancer, neurological diseases, aging-induced cardiomyopathy, cardiac stress and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marko Oydanich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tolga Berkman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rotem Naftalovich
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dorothy E Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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Shimizu C, Wakita Y, Tsuchiya Y, Nabeshima T. Influence of Housing Systems on Physical, Emotional, and Cognitive Functions with Aging in DBA/2CrSlc Mice. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040746. [PMID: 32344780 PMCID: PMC7222825 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many scientists carefully monitor the experimental protocols, mouse strain , use of group-housing, and atmospheric enrichment in a housing-cage, but not commercially available housing-systems. The environmental conditions of mice as well as humans affects their emotional behaviors or physical activities. However, limited information is available regarding the influence of housing systems on experimental data. We used two types of housing system in the same laboratory. The difference in the structure of the two cages (chamber vs. individually ventilated cages: IVC) was whether the mouse could dangle or not. The dangling increases the amounts and quality of physical activities. Using the two-different housing systems, we investigated whether differences in physical, emotional, and cognitive functions can be observed in mice with aging. The IVC group demonstrated significantly less food intake, higher body weight, lower rectal core temperature, less muscle and balancing powers with aging, and fewer anxiety-like behaviors than the chamber group. Based on this experiment, the daily physical activities derived from housing systems significantly affected the results of body weight, body temperature, as well as their behaviors. Scientists should pay attention to the structure of housing systems and experimental parameters, particularly when changing the housing systems. Abstract Environmental conditions, including enrichment and stress, affect animal behaviors, but limited information is available regarding the differences in animal functions between the chamber (ventilated system) vs. IVC (individually ventilated cages) housing systems. Therefore, the effects of different housing systems were examined on physical, emotional, and cognitive functions and the intestinal flora with aging. DBA/2CrSlc mice were divided into chamber and IVC groups. Differences in the structure of the two cages considered whether the mouse could dangle or not. Physical, emotional, and cognitive functions were examined using the open field, black and white box, object recognition, horizontal bar, wire hanging, balancing, footprint, and locomotor tests. The IVC group demonstrated significantly less food intake, higher body weight (by approximately 5 g), lower rectal core temperature, less muscle and balancing powers with aging, and fewer anxiety-like behaviors than the chamber group. No differences were observed in the cognitive function and intestinal microbiota between the groups. The housing environment affected the rodent basal temperature and body weight as well as the physical and emotional functions. Scientists should be attentive to the type of cages used in the housing system for an experiment, especially when comparing the results with animals reared in different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Shimizu
- Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, SAPPORO HOLDINGS LTD., 10 Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0013, Japan; (Y.W.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-54-629-7980
| | - Yoshihisa Wakita
- Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, SAPPORO HOLDINGS LTD., 10 Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0013, Japan; (Y.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, SAPPORO HOLDINGS LTD., 10 Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0013, Japan; (Y.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University,1–98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan;
- NPO Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, 3-1509 Omoteyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0069, Japan
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