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He L, Norris C, Palaguachi-Lopez K, Barkjohn K, Li Z, Li F, Zhang Y, Black M, Bergin MH, Zhang JJ. Nasal oxidative stress mediating the effects of colder temperature exposure on pediatric asthma symptoms. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03196-2. [PMID: 38605092 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colder temperature exposure is a known trigger for pediatric asthma exacerbation. The induction of oxidative stress is a known pathophysiologic pathway for asthma exacerbation. However, the role of oxidative stress in linking colder temperature exposure and worsened pediatric asthma symptoms is poorly understood. METHODS In a panel study involving 43 children with asthma, aged 5-13 years old, each child was visited 4 times with a 2-week interval. At each visit, nasal fluid, urine, and saliva samples were obtained and measured for biomarkers of oxidative stress in the nasal cavity (nasal malondialdehyde [MDA]), the circulatory system (urinary MDA), and the oral cavity (salivary MDA). Childhood Asthma-Control Test (CACT) was used to assess asthma symptoms. RESULTS When ambient daily-average temperature ranged from 7 to 18 °C, a 2 °C decrement in personal temperature exposures were significantly associated with higher nasal MDA and urinary MDA concentrations by 47-77% and 6-14%, respectively. We estimated that, of the decrease in child-reported CACT scores (indicating worsened asthma symptoms and asthma control) associated with colder temperature exposure, 14-57% were mediated by nasal MDA. CONCLUSION These results suggest a plausible pathway that colder temperature exposure worsens pediatric asthma symptoms partly via inducing nasal oxidative stress. IMPACT The role of oxidative stress in linking colder temperature exposure and worsened asthma symptoms is still poorly understood. Lower temperature exposure in a colder season was associated with higher nasal and systemic oxidative stress in children with asthma. Nasal MDA, a biomarker of nasal oxidative stress, mediated the associations between colder temperature exposures and pediatric asthma symptoms. The results firstly suggest a plausible pathway that colder temperature exposure worsens pediatric asthma symptoms partly via inducing oxidative stress in the nasal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Department of Community and Population Health, College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
| | - Christina Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly Palaguachi-Lopez
- Department of Community and Population Health, College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Karoline Barkjohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Current Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | | | - Michael H Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
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Chavoshian S, Cao X, Thommandram A, Stanbrook MB, Tarlo SM, Fossat Y, Yadollahi A. Designing and validating an experimental protocol to induce airway narrowing in older adults with and without asthma. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:28. [PMID: 38448963 PMCID: PMC10916193 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with asthma may experience excessive airway narrowing due to exercise or exposure to cold air, worsening their daily functionality. Exercise has several benefits for asthma control, but it may induce airway narrowing in some persons with asthma. When combined with cold temperatures, it introduces another layer of challenges. Therefore, managing this interaction is crucial to increase the quality of life in individuals with asthma. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable experimental protocol to assess the effects of exercise and cold air on airway narrowing in adults with asthma in a controlled and safe environment. METHODS This study was a randomized cross-over study in adults with and without asthma. Participants underwent a protocol involving a 10-min seated rest, followed by a 10-min cycling on a stationary bike in different temperatures of 0, 10, or 20 ∘ C. The sequence of room temperatures was randomized, and there was a 30-min interval for recovery between each temperature transition. In each temperature, to measure lung function and respiratory symptoms, oscillometry and a questionnaire were used at 0 min (baseline), after 10 min of sitting and before starting biking (pre-exercise), and after 10 min of biking (post-exercise). At each room temperature, the changes in airway mechanics and asthma symptoms among baseline, pre-exercise, and post-exercise were compared with one-way repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman Rank Test. Within each arm, cardiac and thoraco-abdominal motion respiration signals were also measured continuously using electrodes and calibrated respiratory inductance plethysmographs, respectively. RESULTS A total of 23 persons with asthma (11 females, age: 56.3 ± 10.9 years, BMI: 27.4 ± 5.7 kg/m2) and 6 healthy subjects (3 females, age: 61.8 ± 9.1 years, BMI: 28.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2) were enrolled in the study. Cold temperature of 0∘ C induced airway narrowing in those with and without asthma after 10 and 20 min, respectively. Exercise intervention had significant changes in airway narrowing in participants with asthma in the range of 10-20∘ C. Our results showed that in asthma, changes in subjective respiratory symptoms were due to both cold temperatures of 0 and 10∘ C and exercise in the 0-20∘ C range. Respiratory symptoms were not noticed among the healthy participants. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings suggest that exposure to cold temperatures of 0∘ C could serve as a reliable method in the experimental protocol for inducing airway narrowing in asthma. The impact of exercise on airway narrowing was more variable among participants. Understanding these triggers in the experimental protocol is essential for the successful management of asthma in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Chavoshian
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 550 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 2A2, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, M5S 3G9, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaoshu Cao
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 550 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 2A2, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, M5S 3G9, ON, Canada
| | - Anirudh Thommandram
- Labs Department, Klick Health, Klick Inc, 175 Bloor St. East, Toronto, M4W 3R8, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew B Stanbrook
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, M5S 3G9, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, M5T 2S8, ON, Canada
| | - Susan M Tarlo
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, M5S 3G9, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, M5T 2S8, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St., Toronto, M5T 1P8, ON, Canada
| | - Yan Fossat
- Labs Department, Klick Health, Klick Inc, 175 Bloor St. East, Toronto, M4W 3R8, ON, Canada
| | - Azadeh Yadollahi
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 550 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 2A2, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, M5S 3G9, ON, Canada.
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Oliveira LR, Yanagi Junior T, Ferraz GAES, de Nazaré Monteiro Yanagi S, Bahuti M. Spatiotemporal variability in human thermal comfort perception in open-air spaces: application to the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:479-494. [PMID: 38177806 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to propose bioclimatic zoning to classify human thermal comfort and discomfort in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil; both historical and future scenarios are considered. Thus, historical series (1961 to 2017) of the effective temperature index as a function of the wind (ETW) were obtained as a function of the monthly average values of the minimum, mean, and maximum dry-bulb air temperatures (tdb,min, tdb,mean, and tdb,max, respectively), in addition to the mean relative humidity ([Formula: see text], %) and mean wind speed ([Formula: see text], m s -1). The data were obtained from 34 weather stations and subjected to trend analysis by using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test, thus enabling the simulation of future scenarios (for 2028 and 2038). Then, to define the thermal ranges of the bioclimatic zoning, maps of ETWmin, ETWmean, and ETWmax were created from geostatistical analysis. Overall, the results show warming trends for the upcoming years in Minas Gerais municipalities. All climatic seasons showed an increase in the frequency of new classifications in the upper adjacent classes, which indicates climate warming. Therefore, when considering future scenarios for the autumn and winter seasons, attention should be given to changes in predicted thermal sensation, especially in the Central Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte Metropolitan, South/Southwest Minas, Campo das Vertentes, and Zona da Mata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rodrigues Oliveira
- Department of Automatic, Graduate Program in Systems and Automation Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Tadayuki Yanagi Junior
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Engineering School, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Marcelo Bahuti
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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Paudel S, Shankar PR, Subedi N, Palaian S. Living with bronchial asthma: A qualitative study among patients in a hill village in Nepal. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291265. [PMID: 37862336 PMCID: PMC10588826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchial asthma continues to be a problem in the Himalayan country of Nepal. This study explored the impact of bronchial asthma on patients' lives in a hill village in Syangja district, Nepal, and obtained information about the perceived impact of the illness, knowledge of the disease, self-care behaviors and treatment among patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study site is the village of Jyamire (located at an elevation between 900 to 1200 m) Syangja district. Individuals suffering from asthma residing in the village aged 18 years or above were included. Semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face with the respondents at their homes using an interview guide. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed in the Nepali language, and then translated into English for further analysis. RESULTS Most participants were female, between 18 to 60 years of age, and housewives. Most houses were built of mud and poorly ventilated. Gas was used for cooking though firewood was also used. Most used to get an average of three serious attacks a year both during winter and summer. The themes that emerged were the number and seasonal variation in attacks, the perceived effect of asthma on their lives and social interactions, the knowledge of the interviewee about the disease, the impact of asthma on their socioeconomic status, and treatment and self-care behaviors. Residing in a hill village required them to walk up and down several times a day and the disease seriously impacted their lives. The smoke produced during different ceremonies and during cooking also worsened their asthma. CONCLUSION Findings suggest, the existence of multiple factors, a few unique to Nepal contributing to poor asthma control. Though the recent socioeconomic improvement has led to improved prevention and treatment options, asthma seriously affected the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Paudel
- Department of Pharmacology, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Pathiyil Ravi Shankar
- IMU Centre for Education, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory, Malaysia
| | - Nuwadatta Subedi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Subish Palaian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Velasco Garrido M, Rentel N, Herold R, Harth V, Preisser AM. Does working in an extremely cold environment affects lung function?: 10 years follow-up. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:1039-1048. [PMID: 37269340 PMCID: PMC10361853 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is an association between brief but repeated exposures to extremely cold temperatures over many years and pulmonary function. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of the data collected over 10 years in the context of the extended medical examinations of storeworkers exposed to extremely cold temperatures. We considered forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Tiffeneau-Pinelli index (FEV1/FVC), CO diffusion capacity (DL,CO) and Krogh-factor (CO diffusion capacity relative to recorded alveolar volume, DL,CO/VA) reported as %-predicted. We analysed trends in outcome parameters with linear mixed models. RESULTS 46 male workers participated in at least two extended medical examinations between 2007 and 2017. Overall 398 measure points were available. All lung function parameters had values above the lower limit of normality at the first examination. In the multivariate model including smoking status and monthly intensity of cold exposure (≤ 16 h/month vs. > 16 h/month) FEV1%-predicted and FVC %-predicted had a statistically significant positive slope (FEV1, 0.32% 95% CI 0.16% to 0.49% p < 0.001; FVC 0.43% 95% CI 0.28% to 0.57% p < 0.001). The other lung function parameters (FEV1/FVC %-predicted, DL,CO %-predicted, DL,CO/VA %-predicted) showed no statistically significant change over time. CONCLUSIONS Long term intermittent occupational exposure to extreme cold temperatures (-55 °C) does not appear to cause irreversible deleterious changes in lung function in healthy workers, thus the development of obstructive or restrictive lung diseases is not expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcial Velasco Garrido
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Seewartenstr. 10, 20459, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nadine Rentel
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Seewartenstr. 10, 20459, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Herold
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Seewartenstr. 10, 20459, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Seewartenstr. 10, 20459, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra M Preisser
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Seewartenstr. 10, 20459, Hamburg, Germany
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Hailu Tesfaye A, Gebrehiwot M, Aragaw FM, Dessie A. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic respiratory symptoms in public and private school teachers in north-western Ethiopia: results from a multicentre cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069159. [PMID: 37045568 PMCID: PMC10106045 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic respiratory symptoms among school teachers in Gondar city, north-western Ethiopia. DESIGN A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2019. A self-administered British Medical Research Council Questionnaire was used to assess chronic respiratory symptoms. Data were entered into Epi Info V.7 and Stata V.14 was used for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with chronic respiratory symptoms. The association was determined using adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI at a value of p<0.05. SETTING The study was conducted in public and private schools in Gondar city. PARTICIPANTS A total of 822 teachers participated in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome is the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms. RESULTS The total response rate was 97.4%. The majority, 532 (64.7%) of the participants, were male. The mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 36.69 (±6.93) years. The total prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms in the previous 12 months among teachers in Gondar city was found to be 31.14% (95% CI 27.99% to 34.43%). A family history of respiratory problems (AOR=1.90; 95% CI 1.07 to 3.37), an overweight body mass index (AOR=2.57; 95% CI 1.57 to 4.21), exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke at home (AOR=9.85; 95% CI 4.77 to 20.33), use of chalk (AOR=1.97; 95% CI 1.25 to 3.09), and failure to open windows during class (AOR=2.15; 95% CI 1.02 to 4.52) were risk factors for chronic respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION This study concluded that the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was high among teachers. Making a smoking-free zone, avoiding smoking in public places, improving the ventilation conditions of the classrooms and controlling the chalk dust are all necessary actions to take to reduce chronic respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety,Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Gebrehiwot
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety,Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fantu Mamo Aragaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Awrajaw Dessie
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety,Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Banjar SA, Assiri RA, Alshehri GA, Binyousef FH, Alaudah TI, Alawam AS, Aloriney AM. The Impact of Allergic Rhinitis on Asthma and Its Effect on the Quality of Life of Asthmatic Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e35714. [PMID: 37025728 PMCID: PMC10072172 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are one of the most common diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Asthma and AR patients report significant reductions in their daily activities due to this condition. Therefore, measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adult asthmatic and AR patients and evaluating the use of allergic rhinitis treatment modalities to improve asthma control may help prevent future respiratory complications, improve patient quality of life, and reduce morbidity. Methods This cross-sectional observational study was conducted through an online self-administrated questionnaire distributed electronically on social media through "Survey Monkey" (http://www.surveymonkey.com) from April 2 to September 18, 2021. The study targeted adult patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis residing in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. The study compared and evaluated HRQOL between three groups: asthmatic patients with concomitant AR, patients with asthma only, and patients with AR only. Results A total of 811 questionnaires were analyzed. Of those, 23.1% were diagnosed with asthma and 64% were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis; from those who were diagnosed with AR, 27.2% were asthmatics. A statistically significant association was observed between receiving AR medications and asthma control in respondents with intermittent AR (P < 0.001). However, no association was observed between asthma control and receiving medications for AR in respondents with persistent AR (P = 0.589). The average scores for all eight-item short-form (SF-8) QOL dimensions were lower in patients with combined asthma and AR than in patients with AR only and asthma only (P < 0.001). Conclusions This study suggested that AR was associated with more severe asthma and quality of life impairment.
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Gisler A, Eeftens M, de Hoogh K, Vienneau D, Salem Y, Yammine S, Jakob J, Gorlanova O, Decrue F, Gehrig R, Frey U, Latzin P, Fuchs O, Usemann J, Decrue F, Frey U, Fuchs O, Gisler A, Gorlanova O, Kentgens A, Korten I, Kurz J, Latzin P, Nissen A, Oestreich M, Röösli M, Salem Y, Usemann J, Vienneau D. Pollen exposure is associated with risk of respiratory symptoms during the first year of life. Allergy 2022; 77:3606-3616. [PMID: 35302662 PMCID: PMC10078730 DOI: 10.1111/all.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollen exposure is associated with respiratory symptoms in children and adults. However, the association of pollen exposure with respiratory symptoms during infancy, a particularly vulnerable period, remains unclear. We examined whether pollen exposure is associated with respiratory symptoms in infants and whether maternal atopy, infant's sex or air pollution modifies this association. METHODS We investigated 14,874 observations from 401 healthy infants of a prospective birth cohort. The association between pollen exposure and respiratory symptoms, assessed in weekly telephone interviews, was evaluated using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs). Effect modification by maternal atopy, infant's sex, and air pollution (NO2 , PM2.5 ) was assessed with interaction terms. RESULTS Per infant, 37 ± 2 (mean ± SD) respiratory symptom scores were assessed during the analysis period (January through September). Pollen exposure was associated with increased respiratory symptoms during the daytime (RR [95% CI] per 10% pollen/m3 : combined 1.006 [1.002, 1.009]; tree 1.005 [1.002, 1.008]; grass 1.009 [1.000, 1.23]) and nighttime (combined 1.003 [0.999, 1.007]; tree 1.003 [0.999, 1.007]; grass 1.014 [1.004, 1.024]). While there was no effect modification by maternal atopy and infant's sex, a complex crossover interaction between combined pollen and PM2.5 was found (p-value 0.003). CONCLUSION Even as early as during the first year of life, pollen exposure was associated with an increased risk of respiratory symptoms, independent of maternal atopy and infant's sex. Because infancy is a particularly vulnerable period for lung development, the identified adverse effect of pollen exposure may be relevant for the evolvement of chronic childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gisler
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marloes Eeftens
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Salem
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Yammine
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julian Jakob
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olga Gorlanova
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Decrue
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Regula Gehrig
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Frey
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Latzin
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Fuchs
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Usemann
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Haga L, Ruuhela R, Auranen K, Lakkala K, Heikkilä A, Gregow H. Impact of Selected Meteorological Factors on COVID-19 Incidence in Southern Finland during 2020-2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13398. [PMID: 36293991 PMCID: PMC9603127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We modelled the impact of selected meteorological factors on the daily number of new cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa in southern Finland from August 2020 until May 2021. We applied a DLNM (distributed lag non-linear model) with and without various environmental and non-environmental confounding factors. The relationship between the daily mean temperature or absolute humidity and COVID-19 morbidity shows a non-linear dependency, with increased incidence of COVID-19 at low temperatures between 0 to -10 °C or at low absolute humidity (AH) values below 6 g/m3. However, the outcomes need to be interpreted with caution, because the associations found may be valid only for the study period in 2020-2021. Longer study periods are needed to investigate whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a seasonal pattern similar such as influenza and other viral respiratory infections. The influence of other non-environmental factors such as various mitigation measures are important to consider in future studies. Knowledge about associations between meteorological factors and COVID-19 can be useful information for policy makers and the education and health sector to predict and prepare for epidemic waves in the coming winters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Haga
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Meteorological and Marine Research Programme, Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reija Ruuhela
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Meteorological and Marine Research Programme, Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Auranen
- The Center of Statistics, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lakkala
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Space and Earth Observation Centre, Earth Observation Research, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate Research Programme, Atmospheric Research Center of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate Research Programme, Atmospheric Research Center of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hilppa Gregow
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Meteorological and Marine Research Programme, Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
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Xiong D(JP, Martin JG, Lauzon AM. Airway smooth muscle function in asthma. Front Physiol 2022; 13:993406. [PMID: 36277199 PMCID: PMC9581182 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.993406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Known to have affected around 340 million people across the world in 2018, asthma is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. The symptoms such as wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness, and cough reflect episodes of reversible airway obstruction. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease that varies in clinical presentation, severity, and pathobiology, but consistently features airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR)—excessive airway narrowing due to an exaggerated response of the airways to various stimuli. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is the major effector of exaggerated airway narrowing and AHR and many factors may contribute to its altered function in asthma. These include genetic predispositions, early life exposure to viruses, pollutants and allergens that lead to chronic exposure to inflammatory cells and mediators, altered innervation, airway structural cell remodeling, and airway mechanical stress. Early studies aiming to address the dysfunctional nature of ASM in the etiology and pathogenesis of asthma have been inconclusive due to the methodological limitations in assessing the intrapulmonary airways, the site of asthma. The study of the trachealis, although convenient, has been misleading as it has shown no alterations in asthma and it is not as exposed to inflammatory cells as intrapulmonary ASM. Furthermore, the cartilage rings offer protection against stress and strain of repeated contractions. More recent strategies that allow for the isolation of viable intrapulmonary ASM tissue reveal significant mechanical differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic tissues. This review will thus summarize the latest techniques used to study ASM mechanics within its environment and in isolation, identify the potential causes of the discrepancy between the ASM of the extra- and intrapulmonary airways, and address future directions that may lead to an improved understanding of ASM hypercontractility in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora (Jun Ping) Xiong
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James G. Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Lauzon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Anne-Marie Lauzon,
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11
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Tao X, Liu H, Xia J, Zeng P, Wang H, Xie Y, Wang C, Cheng Y, Li J, Zhang X, Zhang P, Chen S, Yu H, Wu H. Processed product (Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum) of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. Alleviates the allergic airway inflammation of cold phlegm via regulation of PKC/EGFR/MAPK/PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115449. [PMID: 35688257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum (PRP) is a traditional processed product of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Berit., which mainly used for treating cold asthma (CA). However, the mechanism of action of PRP for treating CA have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the core active constituents and the pharmacological mechanism of PRP against CA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA) and cold water-induced cold asthma model were established in male mice. The effects of water extract from PRP were evaluated by general morphological observation, expectorant activity, airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus hypersecretion, inflammatory cytokines, etc. Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) and aquaporin 5 (AQP5) in vivo and in vitro were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), qRT-PCR, and western blotting. The mechanisms of action were investigated through network pharmacology and transcriptomic, and validated through western blotting and molecular docking. RESULTS PRP exhibited a favorable expectorant activity, and significantly reduced the airway inflammation, mucus secretion, and hyperresponsiveness in cold asthma model. It also reduced the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and IL-4 and total IgE in serum, while obviously increased the levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ in serum for asthmatic mice. Meanwhile, PRP also attenuated the pathological changes and mucus production in cold asthmatic mice. Moreover, the downregulation of MUC5AC and upregulation of AQP 5 were detected by western blotting and qRT-PCR after administration with PRP both in vivo and in vitro. PRP expectedly inhibited the protein expression of PKC-α, SRC, p-EGFR, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, p-p38, p-PI3K, and p-Akt levels in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These combined data showed that PRP suppressed the allergic airway inflammation of CA by regulating the balance of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and the possible involvement of the PKC/EGFR/MAPK/PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Pentadecanoic acid, licochalcone A, β-sitosterol, etc. were considered as main active ingredients of PRP against CA. This study provides a novel perspective of the classical herbal processed product PRP in the treatment of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbao Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hepeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuwei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanqiu Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiayun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xingde Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Shengjun Chen
- Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Hongli Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by severe inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. Allergic asthma is the most common form of this health issue. Asthma is classified into allergic and non-allergic asthma, and it can be triggered by several factors such as indoor and outdoor allergens, air pollution, weather conditions, tobacco smoke, and food allergens, as well as other factors. Asthma symptoms differ in their frequency and severity since each patient reacts differently to these triggers. Formal knowledge is selected as one of the most promising solutions to deal with these challenges. This paper presents a new personalized approach to manage asthma. An ontology-driven model supported by Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) medical rules is proposed to provide personalized care for an asthma patient by identifying the risk factors and the development of possible exacerbations.
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13
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Hosseini SH, Sadeghi Z, Hosseini SV, Bussmann RW. Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants in Sarvabad, Kurdistan province, Iran. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:114985. [PMID: 35032582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.114985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional medicine has a long history and plays an important role in the Kurdish community in Sarvabad county, Kurdistan province, Iran. Despite the great diversity of medicinal plants, cultural history, and variety of herbal medicine uses among Kurdish tribes, very few cohesive ethnopharmacological studies of this unique region are available in the scientific literature. Our study tried to gather medicinal plant species and document the associated indigenous knowledge of the ethnic groups in the Sarvabad district for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical data were collected from 92 local informants through semi-structured questionnaires, open interviews, and field surveys during a period of two years (2018-2020). The statistical analysis included use reports (UR) for each species, and informant consensus factor (FIC) to evaluate the data. RESULTS In the present study a total of 156 plant species belonging to 58 botanical families, were recorded for the treatment of 16 diseases categories. The most represented families were Lamiaceae, followed by Asteraceae, and Apiaceae. The most frequently cited plant species with the highest use report (UR) were Pistacia atlantica (161), Hymenocrater longiflorus (128), Melissa officinalis (124), Cyperus rotundus (114), Thymus transcaspicus (112), and Quercus brantii (109). Psychological (ICF = 0.96), musculoskeletal (ICF = 0.94), and digestive (ICF = 0.93), followed by respiratory problems (ICF = 0.92) showed the highest informant consensus factors among all ailment categories. Most herbal remedies were consumed as decoction. Leaves (28.5%) were the most widely used plant parts, followed by flowers (18.7%), aerial parts (14.5%), seeds (13.2%), and terrestrial parts (8.41%). Some interesting new medicinal uses for native and common species were reported. Species such as Cyperus rotundus, Hymenocrater longiflorus, Anthriscus nemorosa, Pistacia atlantica and Quercus brantii would be interesting targets for drug discovery and are suggested for further investigations. CONCLUSION The plant use reports, and quantitative data analyzed demonstrate that the relative importance of plant species and shared knowledge of herbal therapies among Kurdish communities of the Sarvabad county is still rich. A systematic study and evaluation of the biological activity of highly consumed plants, could identify the possible mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Sadeghi
- Department of Production and Utilization of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Saravan, PO Box 9951634145, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran.
| | - Seyed Vrya Hosseini
- Rangeland Management Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - Rainer W Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Quilodrán CS, Currat M, Montoya-Burgos JI. Air temperature influences early Covid-19 outbreak as indicated by worldwide mortality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148312. [PMID: 34144236 PMCID: PMC8178938 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 outbreak has triggered a global crisis that is challenging governments, health systems and the scientific community worldwide. A central question in the Covid-19 pandemic is whether climatic factors have influenced its progression. To address this question, we used mortality rates during the first three weeks of recorded mortality in 144 countries, during the first wave of the pandemic. We examined the effect of climatic variables, along with the proportion of the population older than 64 years old, the number of beds in hospitals, and the timing and strength of the governmental travel measures to control the spread of the disease. Our first model focuses on air temperature as the central climatic factor and explains 67% of the variation in mortality rate, with 37% explained by the fixed variables considered and 31% explained by country-specific variations. We show that mortality rate is negatively influenced by warmer air temperature. Each additional Celsius degree decreases mortality rate by ~5%. Our second model is centred on the UV Index and follows the same trend as air temperature, explaining 69% of the variation in mortality rate. These results are robust to the exclusion of countries with low incomes, as well as to the exclusion of low- and medium-income countries. We also show that the proportion of vulnerable age classes and access to healthcare are critical factors impacting the mortality rate of this disease. The effects of air temperature at an early stage of the Covid-19 outbreak is a key factor to understand the primary spread of this pandemic, and should be considered in projecting subsequent waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio S Quilodrán
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Mathias Currat
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3), Switzerland
| | - Juan I Montoya-Burgos
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3), Switzerland
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15
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Climate change, air pollution, and allergic respiratory diseases: a call to action for health professionals. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:1552-1560. [PMID: 32590458 PMCID: PMC7386356 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have warmed the planet substantially and are also accompanied by poor air quality. The increased prevalence of allergic airway disease worldwide can be partially attributed to those global environmental changes. Climate change and air pollution pose adverse impacts on respiratory allergies, and that the mechanisms are complex and interactive. Adverse weather conditions, such as extreme temperatures, can act directly on the respiratory tract to induce allergic respiratory illnesses. Thunderstorms and floods can alter the production and distribution of aeroallergens while wildfires and dust storms increase air pollution, and therefore indirectly enhance health risks. Concentrations of particulate matter and ozone in the air have been projected to increase with climate warming and air stagnation, and the rising temperatures and CO2 increase pollen, molds, and spores, which escalate the risk of allergic respiratory diseases. The synergistic effects of extreme heat and aeroallergens intensify the toxic effect of air pollutants, which in turn augment the allergenicity of aeroallergens. With the Earth's climate change, migration of humans and plants shift the living environments and allergens of susceptible people. Urban residents are exposed to multiple factors while children are sensitive to environmental exposure. Since climate change may pose many unexpected and persistent effects on allergic respiratory diseases, health professionals should advocate for effective mitigation and adaptation strategies to minimize its respiratory health effects.
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16
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Linssen RS, den Hollander B, Bont L, van Woensel JBM, Bem RA. The Association between Weather Conditions and Admissions to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050567. [PMID: 34067031 PMCID: PMC8150834 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a leading cause of global child morbidity and mortality. Every year, seasonal RSV outbreaks put high pressure on paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) worldwide, including in the Netherlands, and this burden appears to be increasing. Weather conditions have a strong influence on RSV activity, and climate change has been proposed as a potential important determinant of future RSV-related health care utilisation. In this national study spanning a total of 13 years with 2161 PICU admissions for RSV bronchiolitis, we aimed (1) to identify meteorological variables that were associated with the number of PICU admissions for RSV bronchiolitis in the Netherlands and (2) to determine if longitudinal changes in these variables occurred over time as a possible explanation for the observed increase in PICU burden. Poisson regression modelling was used to identify weather variables (aggregated in months and weeks) that predicted PICU admissions, and linear regression analysis was used to assess changes in the weather over time. Maximum temperature and global radiation best predicted PICU admissions, with global radiation showing the most stable strength of effect in both month and week data. However, we did not observe a significant change in these weather variables over the 13-year time period. Based on our study, we could not identify changing weather conditions as a potential contributing factor to the increased RSV-related PICU burden in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie S. Linssen
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.d.H.); (J.B.M.v.W.); (R.A.B.)
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D) and the Amsterdam Infection & Immunity (AR&I) Research Institutes Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-20-56-62453-E
| | - Bibiche den Hollander
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.d.H.); (J.B.M.v.W.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Louis Bont
- UMCU Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, 3703 CD Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Job B. M. van Woensel
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.d.H.); (J.B.M.v.W.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Reinout A. Bem
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.d.H.); (J.B.M.v.W.); (R.A.B.)
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Fonseca-Rodríguez O, Sheridan SC, Lundevaller EH, Schumann B. Effect of extreme hot and cold weather on cause-specific hospitalizations in Sweden: A time series analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110535. [PMID: 33271141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Considering that several meteorological variables can contribute to weather vulnerability, the estimation of their synergetic effects on health is particularly useful. The spatial synoptic classification (SSC) has been used in biometeorological applications to estimate the effect of the entire suite of weather conditions on human morbidity and mortality. In this study, we assessed the relationships between extremely hot and dry (dry tropical plus, DT+) and hot and moist (moist tropical plus, MT+) weather types in summer and extremely cold and dry (dry polar plus, DP+) and cold and moist (moist polar, MP+) weather types in winter and cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations by age and sex. Time-series quasi-Poisson regression with distributed lags was used to assess the relationship between oppressive weather types and daily hospitalizations over 14 subsequent days in the extended summer (May to August) and 28 subsequent days during the extended winter (November to March) over 24 years in 4 Swedish locations from 1991 to 2014. In summer, exposure to hot weather types appeared to reduce cardiovascular hospitalizations while increased the risk of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases, mainly related to MT+. In winter, the effect of cold weather on both cause-specific hospitalizations was small; however, MP+ was related to a delayed increase in cardiovascular hospitalizations, whilst MP+ and DP + increased the risk of hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases. This study provides useful information for the staff of hospitals and elderly care centers who can help to implement protective measures for patients and residents. Also, our results could be helpful for vulnerable people who can adopt protective measures to reduce health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodríguez
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden; Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Scott C Sheridan
- Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
| | | | - Barbara Schumann
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden; Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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Doan TN, Wilson D, Rashford S, Bosley E. Ambient temperatures, heatwaves and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Brisbane, Australia. Occup Environ Med 2021; 78:oemed-2020-107018. [PMID: 33436382 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-107018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health impacts of temperatures are gaining attention in Australia and worldwide. While a number of studies have investigated the association of temperatures with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, few examined out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and none have done so in Australia. This study examined the exposure-response relationship between temperatures, including heatwaves and OHCA in Brisbane, Australia. METHODS A quasi-Poisson regression model coupled with a distributed lag non-linear model was employed, using OHCA and meteorological data between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2019. Reference temperature was chosen to be the temperature of minimum risk (21.4°C). Heatwaves were defined as daily average temperatures at or above a heat threshold (90th, 95th, 98th, 99th percentile of the yearly temperature distribution) for at least two consecutive days. RESULTS The effect of any temperature above the reference temperature was not statistically significant; whereas low temperatures (below reference temperature) increased OHCA risk. The effect of low temperatures was delayed for 1 day, sustained up to 3 days, peaking at 2 days following exposures. Heatwaves significantly increased OHCA risk across the operational definitions. When a threshold of 95th percentile of yearly temperature distribution was used to define heatwaves, OHCA risk increased 1.25 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.50) times. When the heat threshold for defining heatwaves increased to 99th percentile, the relative risk increased to 1.48 (1.11 to 1.96). CONCLUSIONS Low temperatures and defined heatwaves increase OHCA risk. The findings of this study have important public health implications for mitigating strategies aimed at minimising temperature-related OHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan N Doan
- Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Wilson
- Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Rashford
- Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma Bosley
- Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Nasal air conditioning following total inferior turbinectomy compared to inferior turbinoplasty - A computational fluid dynamics study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 81:105237. [PMID: 33272646 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the effects on nasal heat exchange and humidification of two different surgical techniques for reducing the inferior turbinate under different environmental conditions. METHODS Virtual surgery using two techniques of turbinate reduction was performed in eight nasal airway obstruction patients. Bilateral nasal airway models for each patient were compared: 1) Pre-operative 2) Post inferior turbinoplasty 3) Post total inferior turbinate resection (ITR). Two representative healthy models were included. Three different environmental conditions were investigated 1) ambient air 2) cold, dry air 3) hot, humid air. CFD modelling of airflow and conditioning was performed under steady-state, laminar, inspiratory conditions. FINDINGS Nasal conditioning is significantly altered following inferior turbinate reduction surgery, particularly with ITR under cold, dry inspired air (CDA). The degree of impairment is minor under the simulated range of environmental conditions (temperature = 12-40 °C; relative humidity = 13-80%). Streams of significantly colder air are found in the nasopharynx and more prevalent under CDA in ITR. These are related to high velocity flow streams, which remain cool in their centre throughout the widened inferior nasal cavity. INTERPRETATION Reduced air-mucosal heat exchange and moisture carrying capacity occurs under cooler temperatures in patients following inferior turbinate surgery. The clinical impact in extremely cold and dry conditions in groups with poor baseline respiratory function, respiratory illness, or endurance athletes is of special interest.
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Dong T, Santos S, Yang Z, Yang S, Kirkhus NE. Sputum and salivary protein biomarkers and point-of-care biosensors for the management of COPD. Analyst 2020; 145:1583-1604. [PMID: 31915768 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01704f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become one of the most fatal diseases of the century considering mortality and morbidity levels worldwide. This disease is an inflammatory response to environmental stress and tobacco smoking. Although spirometry is the gold-standard diagnostic test administrated in primary and secondary care, it often exhibits low accuracy in cases of predicting disease worsening and possible bias due to the operator, patient, and conditions. Recent developments in proteomics research suggest that the presence of protein biomarkers can aid in the accurate diagnosis and prediction of disease outcomes. This review presents the cutting-edge research progress in the area of protein biomarkers towards the management of COPD. The literature review was confined to protein biomarkers in saliva and sputum because testing these bodily fluids shows great promise for point-of-care (POC) testing due to its practicality, non-invasiveness and inexpensive handling and sampling. Although it is conclusive that more studies on sputum and saliva are needed, this review studies the promising clinical value of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and MMP-9, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and neutrophil elastase (NE). Following the critical analysis of salivary and sputum biomarkers, the recent development of POC biosensors for the multiplexed detection of biomarkers is also reported. Overall, the review aims to explore the possibility for the future development of POC sensors for chronic lung disease management utilizing clinically relevant biomarkers in saliva and sputum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Simão Santos
- Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Niels E Kirkhus
- Horten Kommune - Kommuneoverlege, Enhetsleder Legetjenester, Vestfold, Norway
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Allergic Rhinitis: Association with Air Pollution and Weather Changes, and Comparison with That of Allergic Conjunctivitis in Taiwan. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11111152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and rhinitis (AR) are common allergic diseases that may be environmentally related. We used a systematic sampling cohort database, which was applied in an AC study previously, to examine the association of AR with air pollution and weather changes. A case-crossover design coupled with conditional logistic analysis was implemented in the analysis; we identified 140,365 eligible AR subjects, and matched their diagnoses with environmental monitoring data. Unlike AC, the descriptive statistics indicated that AR occurred the most in adults under 50 years old by age (44.7%), and in winter by season (28.7%) (p < 0.001); similar to AC, AR occurred more in women than to men. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was found to be positively associated with AR (p < 0.001), whereas relative humidity and temperature were negatively related (p < 0.001). We found that the risk of AR increased with descending NO2 levels relative to AC (OR = 0.984, p = 0.003) after adjustment for covariates. It is suggested that AR could be triggered or exacerbated by lower levels of NO2 than is AC. We recommend that AR patients pay extra attention to air pollution and mitigate their allergic problem accordingly.
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Wang X, Cheng J, Ling L, Su H, Zhao D, Ni H. Impact of temperature variability on childhood allergic rhinitis in a subtropical city of China. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1418. [PMID: 32943035 PMCID: PMC7499962 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have shown an association of childhood respiratory diseases with short-term temperature variability such as diurnal temperature range (DTR) and temperature change between two neighboring days (TCN). However, the impact of temperature variability on allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been investigated so far. This study sought to evaluate the short-term effect of temperature variability (i.e., TCN and DTR) on AR, as well as to identify vulnerable subpopulations. Method We collected daily data on emergency room visits and outpatients for AR and weather variables in Hefei, China during 2014–2016. A distributed lag non-linear model that controlled for long-term trend and seasonality, mean temperature, relative humidity, day of week was used to fit the associations of AR with DTR and TCN. Stratified analyses by age, sex and occupation were also performed. Results During the study period, there were a total of 53,538 cases and the average values of DTR and TCN were 8.4 °C (range: 1.0 °C to 21.2 °C) and 0 °C (range: − 12.2 °C to 5.9 °C), respectively. While we did not observe an adverse effect of DTR on AR, TCN was significantly associated with increased risk of AR. Specifically, a large temperature drop between two adjacent days (3.8 °C, 5th percentile of TCN) has a delayed and short-lasting effect on AR, with the estimated relative risk of 1.02 (95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 1.04) at lag 12. Moreover, boys and children older than 15 years seemed to be more vulnerable to the effect of TCN. Conclusions This study provided evidence of an adverse effect of large temperature drops between two adjacent days on childhood AR. Attention paid to boys and older children may help prevent AR attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital), No.39, Wangjiang East Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Science and Education, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital), No.39, Wangjiang East Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Desheng Zhao
- Department of Medical Affairs, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Department of Science and Education, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital), No.39, Wangjiang East Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China.
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Ambrosino P, Parrella P, Formisano R, Papa A, Spedicato GA, Di Minno MND, Motta A, Maniscalco M. Clinical application of nasal nitric oxide measurement in allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 125:447-459.e5. [PMID: 32663599 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is considered a biomarker of nasal inflammation. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regressions on the association between nNO levels and allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched. Differences between cases and controls were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Overall, 39 articles were included: 30 containing data on nNO measured by nasal aspiration (1881 patients with AR and 1337 controls) and 12 assessing nNO by nasal exhalation (525 patients with AR and 350 controls). Compared with controls, AR presented significantly higher nNO values both during nasal aspiration (SMD, 1.309; 95% CI, 0.841-1.777; P < .001) and nasal exhalation (SMD, 0.708; 95% CI, 0.303-1.114; P = .001). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses confirmed that the results for the evaluated outcomes were not affected by the presence of clinical confounding factors (asthma, nasal polyps, inhaled corticosteroids, smoking history), this being valid for both perennial and seasonal diseases during exposure to allergens. For the aspiration method, meta-regressions indicated that older age and a better pulmonary function were associated with a lower difference in nNO levels between patients with AR and controls, whereas an increasing aspiration flow was associated with a high effect size. CONCLUSION nNO levels are higher in AR, particularly when using high aspiration flows and in younger patients, who often perceive this condition as a source of disability. Further studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of this biomarker for monitoring airway disorders and optimizing strategies in different settings (community, hospital, rehabilitation).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Parrella
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Antimo Papa
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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Vogelberg C, Brüggenjürgen B, Richter H, Jutel M. Real-World Adherence and Evidence of Subcutaneous and Sublingual Immunotherapy in Grass and Tree Pollen-Induced Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma. Patient Prefer Adherence 2020; 14:817-827. [PMID: 32494127 PMCID: PMC7231771 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s242957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), when continued for 3 years, is the only disease-modifying treatment for AR and asthma. Adherence is a key to ensure effectiveness, and poor adherence is a contraindication for AIT. The objective of this study was to evaluate real-world adherence to AIT with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) preparations in patients allergic to grass or tree pollen. The impact of AIT on the consumption of asthma and rhinitis medication was also analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective cohort analysis of a German longitudinal prescription database, the adherence of a grass and tree pollen allergoid was examined and compared to two sublingual AIT tablets/drops. Patients receiving grass or tree allergen-specific immunotherapy prescriptions were compared with non-AIT patients receiving symptomatic allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma prescriptions. The study endpoints included therapy adherence, AR progression, and asthma progression. Multivariate regression analyses were used to estimate the effects of SCIT or SLIT, adjusting for variables related to demographics and prescriptions. RESULTS SCIT adherence was 60.1-61.8% at 2 years and 35.0-37.5% at 3 years for the two allergens. SLIT adherence was distinctly lower (29.5-36.5% and 9.6-18.2%, respectively). Adherence in children was higher compared to adolescents or adults. All products were highly efficacious at reducing symptomatic AR medication consumption. SCIT also reduced asthma medication use for both allergens, whereas for SLIT these results were significant only for grasses but not trees. CONCLUSION Subcutaneous AIT in a real-world setting achieved significantly higher adherence rates compared to sublingual administration. SCIT reduced the use of rhinitis and asthma medication significantly for both allergens, while SLIT reduced the use of rhinitis medication for both allergens and the use of asthma medication for grasses only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vogelberg
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: Christian Vogelberg University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden01307, GermanyTel +49 351 458-5699Fax +49 351 458-4334 Email
| | - Bernd Brüggenjürgen
- Institute for Health Economics, Steinbeis University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marek Jutel
- All-MED Medical Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Kim JH, Jang YS, Kim HI, Park JY, Park SH, Hwang YI, Jang SH, Jung KS, Park HS, Park CS. Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin Family Member 8 (TRPM8) Receptors Induces Proinflammatory Cytokine Expressions in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:684-700. [PMID: 32400133 PMCID: PMC7224991 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.4.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cold air is a major environmental factor that exacerbates asthma. Transient receptor potential melastatin family member 8 (TRPM8) is a cold-sensing channel expressed in the airway epithelium. However, its role in airway inflammation remains unknown. We investigated the role of TRPM8 in innate immune responses in bronchial epithelial cells and asthmatic subjects. Methods The TRPM8 mRNA and protein expression on BEAS2B human bronchial epithelial cells was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Additionally, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-25 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels before and after menthol, dexamethasone and N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl) piperazine-1-carboxamide (BCTC) treatments were measured via real-time PCR. TRPM8 protein levels in the supernatants of induced sputum from asthmatic subjects and normal control subjects were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mRNA levels in sputum cell lysates were measured using real-time PCR. Results Treatment with up to 2 mM menthol dose-dependently increased TRPM8 mRNA and protein in BEAS2B cells compared to untreated cells (P < 0.001) and concomitantly increased IL-25 and TSLP mRNA (P < 0.05), but not IL-33 mRNA. BCTC (10 μM) significantly abolished menthol-induced up-regulation of TRPM8 mRNA and protein and IL-25 and TSLP mRNA (P < 0.01). TRPM8 protein levels were higher in the supernatants of induced sputum from asthmatic subjects (n = 107) than in those from healthy controls (n = 19) (P < 0.001), and IL-25, TSLP and IL-33 mRNA levels were concomitantly increased (P < 0.001). Additionally, TRPM8 mRNA levels correlated strongly with those of IL-25 and TSLP (P < 0.001), and TRPM8 protein levels were significantly higher in bronchodilator-responsive asthmatic subjects than in nonresponders. Conclusions TRPM8 may be involved in the airway epithelial cell innate immune response and a molecular target for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hee Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.
| | - Young Sook Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hwan Il Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Yong Il Hwang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Ki Suck Jung
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hae Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Choon Sik Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease, Department of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
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Antunes MD, Silva SD, Branco BHM, Nishida FS, Marques AP, Bertolini SMMG. Efeito das estações do ano no pico de fluxo expiratório de idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/18031826032019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO As doenças respiratórias afetam milhões de pessoas, principalmente os idosos, e as mudanças climáticas estão entre os fatores predisponentes, interferindo na saúde dessa população. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o pico de fluxo expiratório de idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados durante as quatro estações do ano. Estudo de coorte prospectivo com 67 idosos de ambos os sexos, residentes na cidade de Maringá (PR) e divididos em dois grupos: idosos institucionalizados (n=37) e idosos não institucionalizados (n=30). Os dados foram coletados durante um mês, uma vez por semana nas quatro estações do ano, totalizando 16 avaliações. O pico de fluxo expiratório foi avaliado com o equipamento peak flow meter. A comparação dos dois grupos de idosos foi feita por análise de variância de dois fatores utilizando o post-hoc de Bonferroni. A menor média de pico de fluxo expiratório para os idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados foi no verão (176,2±60,2 e 263,2±116,2), seguido pelo outono (193,4±59,5 e 287,5±118), inverno (215,3±82,5 e 291,5±08,4) e primavera (221,7±83,5 e 291,5±08,4). Conclui-se que o pico de fluxo expiratório de idosos varia de acordo com as estações do ano, porém os institucionalizados apresentam valores mais baixos. Os mais altos são encontrados na primavera, embora aquém do valor predito para os idosos de ambos os grupos.
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Cheng Q, Wang X, Wei Q, Bai L, Zhang Y, Gao J, Duan J, Xu Z, Yi W, Pan R, Su H. The short-term effects of cold spells on pediatric outpatient admission for allergic rhinitis in Hefei, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:374-380. [PMID: 30743130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have reported that cold weather is associated with the development of allergic rhinitis (AR), but the study of extreme cold temperatures and AR is scarced. This study was conducted to find out the optimal definition of the cold spells in Hefei and to explore the relationship between cold spells and childhood AR, further to identify potential susceptible populations. METHODS Data of daily AR, meteorological variables and air pollutants from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 were collected in Hefei. Poisson generalized linear regression with a distributed-lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to explore the relationship between cold spells and daily pediatric outpatient with allergic rhinitis, by comparing the number of the admission during the cold spells with those during non-cold spells in cold seasons (December to April), after adjusting for relative humidity, air pollutants, seasonality, long-term trends, calendar month, holiday and day of the week (DOW). RESULTS All definitions of cold spells both had a certain impact on children with allergic rhinitis, and the trend of their effects was similar. The optimal cold spells was defined as the daily average temperature for below 10th with two consecutive days during the study period, and the greatest impact of cold spells was at lag0, with a 12.5% (95%CI: 6.3%-19.1%) increase of AR than non-cold spell days, and its impact could last for 2 days. Male children, children aged 5-18 years and non-scattered children were considered to be more vulnerable to AR in cold spell days. CONCLUSIONS There was evidence showed that the cold spells may significantly increase the pediatric outpatient admission for allergic rhinitis, especially for male children, children aged 5-18 years and non-scattered children. For the serious threat posed by cold spells, caregivers and health practitioners should strengthen their awareness of the prevention of vulnerable people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Anhui Province Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiannan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lijun Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yanwu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jiaojiao Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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Ran S, Sun F, Song Y, Wang X, Hong Y, Han Y. The Study of Dried Ginger and Linggan Wuwei Jiangxin Decoction Treatment of Cold Asthma Rats Using GC-MS Based Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:284. [PMID: 31031619 PMCID: PMC6470627 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dried ginger is the monarch drug in Linggan Wuwei Jiangxin (LGWWJX) decoction, which is used to treat cold asthma. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of dried ginger and LGWWJX decoction for treatment of cold asthma rats at the metabolomics level using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). OVA and ice water-induced cold asthma were induced in SD rats. The effects of dried ginger and LGWWJX decoction were evaluated by general morphological observation, hematoxylin and eosin staining, inflammatory cell count, IgE, IL-4, IFN-γ quantitation, and visceral index. GC-MS-based metabolomics was performed and analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis. Biomarker identification, pathway analysis, correlations between identified biomarker, and efficacy indices were performed. The results showed that dried ginger and LGWWJX decoction had obvious effects on cold asthma rats. Thirty-seven metabolites (15 in serum and 22 in urine) associated with cold asthma were identified. These metabolites were mainly carbohydrates, fatty acids and their products, organic acids, and others. Seven pathways were identified by MetaboAnalyst 4.0 metabolic pathway analysis. After intervention with dried ginger and LGWWJX decoction, the majority of altered metabolites and metabolic pathways returned to control levels. LGWWJX decoction regulated more metabolites of carbohydrates and fatty acids, which contribute to energy metabolism and oxidative stress in cold asthma, than dried ginger. We concluded that dried ginger and LGWWJX decoction both were effective for treatment of cold asthma. LGWWJX decoction was more effective than dried ginger for treatment of cold asthma. This study evaluated the effects of dried ginger and LGWWJX decoction on cold asthma at the metabolomics level. It provides a reference for the research on the compatibility of Chinese Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ran
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Clinical College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yanquan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Guo W, Li M. [Clinical and inflammatory phenotypic features of asthmatic patients sensitive to cold stimulation]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:181-185. [PMID: 30890506 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.02.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical symptoms, lung function and airway inflammation phenotype characteristics of asthmatic patients who are sensitive to cold stimulation. METHODS Eighty patients with newly diagnosed bronchial asthma or with mild to moderate acute exacerbation of previously diagnosed bronchial asthma but without regular treatment were selected. According to whether cold air stimulation could induce respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheeze, the patients were divided into cold-insensitive group (45 cases) and cold-sensitive group (35 cases). All the patients were treated with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), long-acting β2 receptor agonist (LABA; salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation, 50 μg/250 μg, twice daily) and montelukast sodium tablets (10 mg, once daily); short-acting β2 receptor agonist (SABA) and/or systemic glucocorticoid (prednisone acetate tablets, 10 mg, once daily; or injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 40 mg) were given if necessary. Asthma Control Test (ACT) score before treatment and at 3 months of treatment was used to assess the clinical symptoms such as cough and wheeze; spirometry was performed to determine lung function impairment and recovery. Blood and induced sputum cell counts were examined to determine the characteristics of airway inflammation. RESULTS The two groups were comparable for age, gender, BMI, proportion of smokers and allergic rhinitis before treatment. The cold-sensitive patients experienced significantly more frequent acute exacerbations than the cold-insensitive patient within 1 year before the visit (P < 0.05), but the use of SABA and glucocorticoid for symptom control during the treatment did not differ significantly between the two groups (P > 0.05). The ACT scores of the cold-sensitive group were significantly lower than those of the cold-insensitive group both before and after the treatment (P < 0.01). Compared with the cold-insensitive patients, the cold-sensitive patients had more obvious impairment of FEV1/FVC% and FEV1%pred before treatment (P < 0.01), and also showed poorer recovery after treatment (P < 0.05). The percentages of eosinophils in blood and induced sputum samples did not differ significantly between the two groups either before and after the treatment, but the percentage of neutrophils was significantly higher in the cold-sensitive group (P < 0.01). In the induced sputum samples collected before treatment, the cell populations consisted mainly of eosinophilic subtype (60%) and neutrophilic subtype (20%) in the cold-insensitive group; in the cold-sensitive patients, the sputum neutrophilic subtype cells increased significantly to 42.86% (P=0.03) and the eosinophilic subtype cells were lowered to 31.43% (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS The cold-sensitive asthmatic patients experience frequent recurrent and/or aggravated symptoms and have obvious lung function impairment. Different from that in patients with classic asthma, the airway inflammatory phenotype in these patients is characterized by the domination by neutrophilic subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Minchao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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