1
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Das M, Mondal S, Ghosh R, Darbar S, Roy L, Das AK, Pal D, Bhattacharya SS, Mallick AK, Kundu JK, Pal SK. A study of scarless wound healing through programmed inflammation, proliferation and maturation using a redox balancing nanogel. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:1594-1611. [PMID: 38545912 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
In the study, we have shown the efficacy of an indigenously developed redox balancing chitosan gel with impregnated citrate capped Mn3O4 nanoparticles (nanogel). Application of the nanogel on a wound of preclinical mice model shows role of various signaling molecules and growth factors, and involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at every stage, namely hemostasis, inflammation, and proliferation leading to complete maturation for the scarless wound healing. While in vitro characterization of nanogel using SEM, EDAX, and optical spectroscopy reveals pH regulated redox buffering capacity, in vivo preclinical studies on Swiss albino involving IL-12, IFN-γ, and α-SMA signaling molecules and detailed histopathological investigation and angiogenesis on every stage elucidate role of redox buffering for the complete wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monojit Das
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College, University of Calcutta, Howrah, India
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Chemical, and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Ria Ghosh
- Department of Chemical, and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumendra Darbar
- Research and Development Division, Dey's Medical Stores (Mfg.) Ltd, Kolkata, India
| | - Lopamudra Roy
- Department of Applied Optics and Photonics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Department of Pathology, Coochbehar Government Medical College and Hospital, India
| | - Debasish Pal
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College, University of Calcutta, Howrah, India
| | | | - Asim Kumar Mallick
- Department of Pediatrics, Nil RatanSircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College, University of Calcutta, Howrah, India
- Department of Chemical, and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
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2
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Moreira Milhan NV, da Graça Sampaio A, Koga-Ito CY, Bruzzaniti A. Ascorbic acid as a modulator of inflammatory response against Candida albicans. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:585-594. [PMID: 38629904 PMCID: PMC11229584 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the behavior of oral keratinocytes in the presence of Vitamin C (Vit C) and its anti-inflammatory potential. Materials & methods: Oral keratinocytes were initially exposed to 0.1-2.5 mM of Vit C and the metabolic activity and cell migration were evaluated using MTS assay and Ibidi culture inserts, respectively. After, the cells were challenged with Candida albicans and inflammatory markers were analyzed by qPCR. Results: The treatment was not cytotoxic, and the highest concentrations increased the metabolic activity at 24 h. Vit C delayed the cell migration at 48 and 72 h. Interestingly, it downregulated the genes IL-8 and IL-1β. Conclusion: Vit C could be an interesting adjuvant to anti-fungal treatment due to its anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noala Vicensoto Moreira Milhan
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Sciences Applied in Oral Health Graduate Program, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science & Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Aline da Graça Sampaio
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Sciences Applied in Oral Health Graduate Program, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science & Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Sciences Applied in Oral Health Graduate Program, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science & Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical & Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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3
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Linowiecka K, Guz J, Dziaman T, Urbanowska-Domańska O, Zarakowska E, Szpila A, Szpotan J, Skalska-Bugała A, Mijewski P, Siomek-Górecka A, Różalski R, Gackowski D, Oliński R, Foksiński M. The level of active DNA demethylation compounds in leukocytes and urine samples as potential epigenetic biomarkers in breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6481. [PMID: 38499584 PMCID: PMC10948817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The active DNA demethylation process, which involves TET proteins, can affect DNA methylation pattern. TET dependent demethylation results in DNA hypomethylation by oxidation 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) and its derivatives. Moreover, TETs' activity may be upregulated by ascorbate. Given that aberrant DNA methylation of genes implicated in breast carcinogenesis may be involved in tumor progression, we wanted to determine whether breast cancer patients exert changes in the active DNA demethylation process. The study included blood samples from breast cancer patients (n = 74) and healthy subjects (n = 71). We analyzed the expression of genes involved in the active demethylation process (qRT-PCR), and 5-mC and its derivatives level (2D-UPLC MS/MS). The ascorbate level was determined using UPLC-MS. Breast cancer patients had significantly higher TET3 expression level, lower 5-mC and 5-hmC DNA levels. TET3 was significantly increased in luminal B breast cancer patients with expression of hormone receptors. Moreover, the ascorbate level in the plasma of breast cancer patients was decreased with the accompanying increase of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SLC23A1 and SLC23A2). The presented study indicates the role of TET3 in DNA demethylation in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Linowiecka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85‑092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Guz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85‑092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dziaman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85‑092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Olga Urbanowska-Domańska
- Department of Oncology, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Centre, Romanowskiej 2, 85-796, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Zarakowska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85‑092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Szpila
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85‑092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Szpotan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85‑092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Skalska-Bugała
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85‑092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Mijewski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85‑092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Siomek-Górecka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85‑092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Rafał Różalski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85‑092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Daniel Gackowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85‑092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ryszard Oliński
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85‑092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Foksiński
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85‑092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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4
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Tyuryaeva I, Lyublinskaya O. Expected and Unexpected Effects of Pharmacological Antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119303. [PMID: 37298254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we have collected the existing data on the bioactivity of antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine, polyphenols, vitamin C) which are traditionally used in experimental biology and, in some cases, in the clinic. Presented data show that, despite the capacity of these substances to scavenge peroxides and free radicals in cell-free systems, their ability to exhibit these properties in vivo, upon pharmacological supplementation, has not been confirmed so far. Their cytoprotective activity is explained mainly by the ability not to suppress, but to activate multiple redox pathways, which causes biphasic hormetic responses and highly pleiotropic effects in cells. N-acetylcysteine, polyphenols, and vitamin C affect redox homeostasis by generating low-molecular-weight redox-active compounds (H2O2 or H2S), known for their ability to stimulate cellular endogenous antioxidant defense and promote cytoprotection at low concentrations but exert deleterious effects at high concentrations. Moreover, the activity of antioxidants strongly depends on the biological context and mode of their application. We show here that considering the biphasic and context-dependent response of cells on the pleiotropic action of antioxidants can help explain many of the conflicting results obtained in basic and applied research and build a more logical strategy for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tyuryaeva
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretskii pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Lyublinskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretskii pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Leischner C, Marongiu L, Piotrowsky A, Niessner H, Venturelli S, Burkard M, Renner O. Relevant Membrane Transport Proteins as Possible Gatekeepers for Effective Pharmacological Ascorbate Treatment in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040916. [PMID: 37107291 PMCID: PMC10135768 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of newly diagnosed malignancies worldwide, therapeutic options for some tumor diseases are unfortunately still limited. Interestingly, preclinical but also some clinical data suggest that the administration of pharmacological ascorbate seems to respond well, especially in some aggressively growing tumor entities. The membrane transport and channel proteins are highly relevant for the use of pharmacological ascorbate in cancer therapy and are involved in the transfer of active substances such as ascorbate, hydrogen peroxide, and iron that predominantly must enter malignant cells to induce antiproliferative effects and especially ferroptosis. In this review, the relevant conveying proteins from cellular surfaces are presented as an integral part of the efficacy of pharmacological ascorbate, considering the already known genetic and functional features in tumor tissues. Accordingly, candidates for diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Leischner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Luigi Marongiu
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alban Piotrowsky
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstraße 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Burkard
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Olga Renner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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6
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Overcoming EGFR Resistance in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Using Vitamin C: A Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030678. [PMID: 36979659 PMCID: PMC10045351 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted monoclonal antibody therapy against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a leading treatment modality against metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, with the emergence of KRAS and BRAF mutations, resistance was inevitable. Cells harboring these mutations overexpress Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) and sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2), which enables intracellular vitamin C transport, leading to reactive oxygen species generation and finally cell death. Therefore, high dose vitamin C is proposed to overcome this resistance. A comprehensive search strategy was adopted using Pubmed and MEDLINE databases (up to 11 August 2022). There are not enough randomized clinical trials to support its use in the clinical management of mCRC, except for a subgroup analysis from a phase III study. High dose vitamin C shows a promising role in overcoming EGFR resistance in mCRC with wild KRAS mutation with resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor inhibitors and in patients with KRAS and BRAF mutations.
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7
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Sun M, Zhong Z, Wang Y, Yu B, Zhang L, Zhang W. Dual-functional lanthanide-MOF probe nanocomposite based on hydroxyapatite nanowires as fluorescent sensor for ascorbic acid. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:89. [PMID: 36781571 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A dual-functional lanthanide-MOF nanocomposite probe was designed and constructed for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA). The magnetically functionalized hydroxyapatite nanowires are selected as the carriers and simultaneously loaded with ciprofloxacin (CIP) and terbium metal organic framework to form the internal reference fluorescence probe nanocomposite (Fe3O4-HAPNWs-Tb/MOF-CIP). This dual-functional lanthanide-MOF probe not only combines the respectively unique fluorescence properties of lanthanide MOFs and CIP, but also takes full advantage of the rapid separation properties of the magnetic component. Structural and spectroscopic characterization results have demonstrated the successful synthesis of probe material and the fluorescence mechanism. At a suitable excitation wavelength (295 nm), the probe can simultaneously emit characteristic fluorescence of CIP (445 nm) and Tb3+ (543 nm). In the presence of AA, the ratio of I543/I445 decreases rapidly with increasing of AA concentration. The linear range of determination is 0.3-40 μM with a detection limit of 20.4 nM. The contents of AA in vitamin C tablets and four fruit juice samples were detected by the composite probe. The spiked recoveries ranged from 82.6 to 104.2% with relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 2.1%, revealing the practical application value of the developed sensor in healthcare and food fields. A novel internal reference fluorescence sensor (Fe O -HAPNWs-Tb/MOF-CIP) was constructed for detecting ascorbic acid by solvothermal and self-assembly techniques, showing excellent selectivity and sensitivity based on the different responses of Tb/MOF and CIP to the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohao Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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Jankowski CS, Rabinowitz JD. Selenium Modulates Cancer Cell Response to Pharmacologic Ascorbate. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3486-3498. [PMID: 35916672 PMCID: PMC9532358 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-dose ascorbate (vitamin C) has shown promising anticancer activity. Two redox mechanisms have been proposed: hydrogen peroxide generation by ascorbate itself or glutathione depletion by dehydroascorbate (formed by ascorbate oxidation). Here we show that the metabolic effects and cytotoxicity of high-dose ascorbate in vitro result from hydrogen peroxide independently of dehydroascorbate. These effects were suppressed by selenium through antioxidant selenoenzymes including glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) but not the classic ferroptosis-inhibiting selenoenzyme GPX4. Selenium-mediated protection from ascorbate was powered by NADPH from the pentose phosphate pathway. In vivo, dietary selenium deficiency resulted in significant enhancement of ascorbate activity against glioblastoma xenografts. These data establish selenoproteins as key mediators of cancer redox homeostasis. Cancer sensitivity to free radical-inducing therapies, including ascorbate, may depend on selenium, providing a dietary approach for improving their anticancer efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE Selenium restriction augments ascorbate efficacy and extends lifespan in a mouse xenograft model of glioblastoma, suggesting that targeting selenium-mediated antioxidant defenses merits clinical evaluation in combination with ascorbate and other pro-oxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor S.R. Jankowski
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University
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9
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Ramírez E, Jara N, Ferrada L, Salazar K, Martínez F, Oviedo MJ, Tereszczuk J, Ramírez-Carbonell S, Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Hau P, Nualart F. Glioblastoma Invasiveness and Collagen Secretion Are Enhanced by Vitamin C. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:538-559. [PMID: 35166128 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most aggressive brain tumors. These tumors modify their metabolism, increasing the expression of glucose transporters, GLUTs, which incorporate glucose and the oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). We hypothesized that GB cells preferentially take up DHA, which is intracellularly reduced and compartmentalized into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), promoting collagen biosynthesis and an aggressive phenotype. Results: Our results showed that GB cells take up DHA using GLUT1, while GLUT3 and sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2) are preferably intracellular. Using a baculoviral system and reticulum-enriched extracts, we determined that SVCT2 is mainly located in the ER and corresponds to a short isoform. Ascorbic acid (AA) was compartmentalized, stimulating collagen IV secretion and increasing in vitro and in situ cell migration. Finally, orthotopic xenografts induced in immunocompetent guinea pigs showed that vitamin C deficiency retained collagen, reduced blood vessel invasion, and affected glomeruloid vasculature formation, all pathological conditions associated with malignancy. Innovation and Conclusion: We propose a functional role for vitamin C in GB development and progression. Vitamin C is incorporated into the ER of GB cells, where it favors the synthesis of collagen, thus impacting tumor development. Collagen secreted by tumor cells favors the formation of the glomeruloid vasculature and enhances perivascular invasion. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 538-559.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Ramírez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Nery Jara
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO-BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Katterine Salazar
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO-BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - María José Oviedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Joanna Tereszczuk
- Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO-BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Sebastián Ramírez-Carbonell
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Arabel Vollmann-Zwerenz
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO-BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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10
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Potenza RL, Lodeserto P, Orienti I. Fenretinide in Cancer and Neurological Disease: A Two-Face Janus Molecule. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137426. [PMID: 35806431 PMCID: PMC9266536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, several chemotherapeutic drugs have been repositioned in neurological diseases, based on common biological backgrounds and the inverse comorbidity between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Fenretinide (all-trans-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide, 4-HPR) is a synthetic derivative of all-trans-retinoic acid initially proposed in anticancer therapy for its antitumor effects combined with limited toxicity. Subsequently, fenretinide has been proposed for other diseases, for which it was not intentionally designed for, due to its ability to influence different biological pathways, providing a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. Here, we review the most relevant preclinical and clinical findings from fenretinide and discuss its therapeutic role towards cancer and neurological diseases, highlighting the hormetic behavior of this pleiotropic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Luisa Potenza
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49902389
| | - Pietro Lodeserto
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.L.); (I.O.)
| | - Isabella Orienti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.L.); (I.O.)
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Ascorbate as a Bioactive Compound in Cancer Therapy: The Old Classic Strikes Back. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123818. [PMID: 35744943 PMCID: PMC9229419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of high mortality, and its prevalence has increased steadily in the last few years. However, during the last decade, the development of modern chemotherapy schemes, new radiotherapy techniques, targeted therapies and immunotherapy has brought new hope in the treatment of these diseases. Unfortunately, cancer therapies are also associated with frequent and, sometimes, severe adverse events. Ascorbate (ascorbic acid or vitamin C) is a potent water-soluble antioxidant that is produced in most mammals but is not synthesised endogenously in humans, which lack enzymes for its synthesis. Ascorbate has antioxidant effects that correspond closely to the dose administered. Interestingly, this natural antioxidant induces oxidative stress when given intravenously at a high dose, a paradoxical effect due to its interactions with iron. Importantly, this deleterious property of ascorbate can result in increased cell death. Although, historically, ascorbate has been reported to exhibit anti-tumour properties, this effect has been questioned due to the lack of available mechanistic detail. Recently, new evidence has emerged implicating ferroptosis in several types of oxidative stress-mediated cell death, such as those associated with ischemia–reperfusion. This effect could be positively modulated by the interaction of iron and high ascorbate dosing, particularly in cell systems having a high mitotic index. In addition, it has been reported that ascorbate may behave as an adjuvant of favourable anti-tumour effects in cancer therapies such as radiotherapy, radio-chemotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or even in monotherapy, as it facilitates tumour cell death through the generation of reactive oxygen species and ferroptosis. In this review, we provide evidence supporting the view that ascorbate should be revisited to develop novel, safe strategies in the treatment of cancer to achieve their application in human medicine.
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Escobedo-Monge MF, Barrado E, Parodi-Román J, Escobedo-Monge MA, Marcos-Temprano M, Marugán-Miguelsanz JM. Magnesium Status and Calcium/Magnesium Ratios in a Series of Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:1793. [PMID: 35565764 PMCID: PMC9104329 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential micronutrient that participates in various enzymatic reactions that regulate vital biological functions. The main aim was to assess the Mg status and its association with nutritional indicators in seventeen cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The serum Mg and calcium (Ca) levels were determined using standardized methods and the dietary Mg intake by prospective 72 h dietary surveys. The mean serum Ca (2.45 mmol/L) and Mg (0.82 mmol/L) had normal levels, and the mean dietary intake of the Ca (127% DRI: Dietary Reference Intake) and Mg (125% DRI) were high. No patients had an abnormal serum Ca. A total of 47% of the subjects had hypomagnesemia and 12% insufficient Mg consumption. One patient had a serum Mg deficiency and inadequate Mg intake. A total of 47 and 82% of our series had a high serum Ca/Mg ratio of >4.70 (mean 4.89) and a low Ca/Mg intake ratio of <1.70 (mean 1.10), respectively. The likelihood of a high Ca/Mg ratio was 49 times higher in patients with a serum Mg deficiency than in normal serum Mg patients. Both Ca/Mg ratios were associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and even several cancers. Therefore, 53% of the CF patients were at high risk of a Mg deficiency and developing other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Fabiola Escobedo-Monge
- Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Enrique Barrado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, Calle Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | | | | | - Marianela Marcos-Temprano
- Pediatric Service, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Marugán-Miguelsanz
- Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
- Section of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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Hunyady J. The Result of Vitamin C Treatment of Patients with Cancer: Conditions Influencing the Effectiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084380. [PMID: 35457200 PMCID: PMC9030840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) is a weak sugar acid structurally related to glucose. All known physiological and biochemical functions of AA are due to its action as an electron donor. Ascorbate readily undergoes pH-dependent autoxidation creating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In vitro evidence suggests that vitamin C functions at low concentrations as an antioxidant while high concentration is pro-oxidant. Thus, both characters of AA might be translated into clinical benefits. In vitro obtained results and murine experiments consequently prove the cytotoxic effect of AA on cancer cells, but current clinical evidence for high-dose intravenous (i.v.) vitamin C's therapeutic effect is ambiguous. The difference might be caused by the missing knowledge of AA's actions. In the literature, there are many publications regarding vitamin C and cancer. Review papers of systematic analysis of human interventional and observational studies assessing i.v. AA for cancer patients' use helps the overview of the extensive literature. Based on the results of four review articles and the Cancer Information Summary of the National Cancer Institute's results, we analyzed 20 publications related to high-dose intravenous vitamin C therapy (HAAT). The analyzed results indicate that HAAT might be a useful cancer-treating tool in certain circumstances. The AA's cytotoxic effect is hypoxia-induced factor dependent. It impacts only the anoxic cells, using the Warburg metabolism. It prevents tumor growth. Accordingly, discontinuation of treatment leads to repeated expansion of the tumor. We believe that the clinical use of HAAT in cancer treatment should be reassessed. The accumulation of more study results on HAAT is desperately needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Hunyady
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Zhao T, Zhong S, Xu J, Jiao W, Liu W, Huang L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. PAYCS Alleviates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits in Mice by Reducing Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress and Modulation of Gut Microbiota-Fecal Metabolites-Brain Neurotransmitter Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2864-2875. [PMID: 35174709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive peptide PAYCS (Pro-Ala-Tyr-Cys-Ser) identified from anchovy hydrolysates has been reported to be positive in memory alleviation. The gut microbiota-brain axis plays a vital role in brain functions, which could be affected by nutritional supplementation. Herein, we found that PAYCS at different concentrations (PAYCS-L and PAYCS-H) showed various improving effects in behavioral tests and alleviation effects on oxidative as well as inflammatory stress in the scopolamine-induced AD mouse model. The 16S rRNA results illustrated that PAYCS-L altered the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes and PAYCS treatment elevated the relative abundance of Cacteroidaceae and Prevotellaceae. Notably, administration of PAYCS significantly upregulated memory-related metabolites and neurotransmitters. Overall, PAYCS-L reversed memory deficits of amnesiac mice partially via the modulation of gut microbiota-metabolites-brain neurotransmitter axis. For PAYCS-H, functions might be involved in the reversal of oxidative and inflammatory impairments in the liver and serum, which was also associated with the changed intestinal microbiota and fecal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhao
- Sericulture & Agri-food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jucai Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Wenjuan Jiao
- Sericulture & Agri-food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Sericulture & Agri-food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Department of Food, Guangzhou City Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yehui Zhang
- Sericulture & Agri-food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yousheng Zhang
- Sericulture & Agri-food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
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15
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sajadi SS, Haniloo A, Nadri S, Torabi N. The effects of glucose and ascorbic acid on in vitro development of Echinococcus granulosus metacestodes. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:133-138. [PMID: 35299904 PMCID: PMC8901825 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus-developed metacestodes in the cultured medium are used for the assessment of its susceptibility to different compounds; however, this procedure is time-consuming and risky. In the present study, aspirated protoscoleces from the infected sheep were used to evaluate the effects of glucose, as an energy source, as well as ascorbic acid, as an antioxidant vitamin, on larval development. Protoscoleces were maintained in RPMI1640 culture media containing 10% fetal calf serum, as well as different concentrations of glucose (4, 6, and 8 mg/ml) and ascorbic acid (25, 50, and 100 µg/ml). A culture medium containing 4 mg/ml of glucose was served as the control. Larger cysts were achieved in a shorter time from the medium enriched with 6 mg/ml of glucose (740 ± 20 µm) compared to the control group (420 ± 40 µm). However, in the groups treated with ascorbic acid, the number of cysts was higher in 100 µg/ml (32.5 ± 0.7) compared to the control group (12.5 ± 0.7). Additionally, the mature cysts were achieved on the 7th day of cultivation with 100 µg/ml of ascorbic acid compared to 18 days in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Sogand sajadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Mahdavi Blvd., Shahrak Karmandan, P.O. Box 45139-56111, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Haniloo
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Mahdavi Blvd., Shahrak Karmandan, P.O. Box 45139-56111, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Samad Nadri
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, ZUMS, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Negin Torabi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Mahdavi Blvd., Shahrak Karmandan, P.O. Box 45139-56111, Zanjan, Iran
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Abe C, Higuchi O, Matsumoto A, Miyazawa T. Determination of intracellular ascorbic acid using tandem mass spectrometry. Analyst 2022; 147:2640-2643. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02160e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is involved in a variety of biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizumi Abe
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ohki Higuchi
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Biodynamic Plant Institute Co. Ltd, Hokudai Business Spring Bldg, Nishi 12-2-101, Kita 21 joh, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
| | - Taiki Miyazawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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17
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Bedhiafi T, Inchakalody VP, Fernandes Q, Mestiri S, Billa N, Uddin S, Merhi M, Dermime S. The potential role of vitamin C in empowering cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112553. [PMID: 34923342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C also known as L-ascorbic acid is a nutrient naturally occurring in many fruits and vegetables and widely known for its potent antioxidant activity. Several studies have highlighted the importance of using high dose vitamin C as an adjuvant anti-cancer therapy. Interestingly, it has been shown that vitamin C is able to modulate the anti-cancer immune response and to help to overcome the resistance to immune checkpoints blockade (ICB) drugs such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CLTA-4) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1/PD-1) inhibitors. Indeed, it was reported that vitamin C regulates several mechanisms developed by cancer cells to escape T cells immune response and resist ICB. Understanding the role of vitamin C in the anti-tumor immune response will pave the way to the development of novel combination therapies that would enhance the response of cancer patients to ICB immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the effect of vitamin C on the immune system and its potential role in empowering cancer immunotherapy through its pro-oxidant potential, its ability to modulate epigenetic factors and its capacity to regulate the expression of different cytokines involved in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takwa Bedhiafi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Philipose Inchakalody
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Queenie Fernandes
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarra Mestiri
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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18
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Komarnicka UK, Pucelik B, Wojtala D, Lesiów MK, Stochel G, Kyzioł A. Evaluation of anticancer activity in vitro of a stable copper(I) complex with phosphine-peptide conjugate. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23943. [PMID: 34907288 PMCID: PMC8671550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
[CuI(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)P(p-OCH3-Ph)2CH2SarcosineGlycine] (1-MPSG), highly stable in physiological media phosphino copper(I) complex—is proposed herein as a viable alternative to anticancer platinum-based drugs. It is noteworthy that, 1-MPSG significantly and selectively reduced cell viability in a 3D spheroidal model of human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), in comparison with non-cancerous HaCaT cells. Confocal microscopy and an ICP-MS analysis showed that 1-MPSG effectively accumulates inside A549 cells with colocalization in mitochondria and nuclei. A precise cytometric analysis revealed a predominance of apoptosis over the other types of cell death. In the case of HaCaT cells, the overall cytotoxicity was significantly lower, indicating the selective activity of 1-MPSG towards cancer cells. Apoptosis also manifested itself in a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential along with the activation of caspases-3/9. Moreover, the caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) pretreatment led to decreased level of apoptosis (more pronouncedly in A549 cells than in non-cancerous HaCaT cells) and further validated the caspases dependence in 1-MPSG-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the 1-MPSG complex presumably induces the changes in the cell cycle leading to G2/M phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner. It was also observed that the 1-MPSG mediated intracellular ROS alterations in A549 and HaCaT cells. These results, proved by fluorescence spectroscopy, and flow cytometry, suggest that investigated Cu(I) compound may trigger apoptosis also through ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula K Komarnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Małopolska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Daria Wojtala
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika K Lesiów
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kyzioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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19
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Orienti I, Armida M, Dobrowolny G, Pepponi R, Sollazzini G, Pezzola A, Casola I, Musarò A, Popoli P, Potenza RL. Fenretinide Beneficial Effects on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-associated SOD1 G93A Mutant Protein Toxicity: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidences. Neuroscience 2021; 473:1-12. [PMID: 34363869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most frequent motor neuron disease for which effective treatment options are still lacking. ALS occurs in sporadic and familial forms which are clinically indistinguishable; about 20% of familial ALS cases are linked to mutations of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. Fenretinide (FEN), a cancer chemopreventive and antiproliferative agent currently used in several clinical trials, is a multi-target drug which also exhibits redox regulation activities. We analyzed the effects of FEN on mutant SOD1 (mSOD1) toxicity in motoneuronal (NSC34) and a muscle (C2C12) cell lines and evaluated the impacts of chronic administration of a new nanomicellar fenretinide formulation (NanoMFen) on ALS disease progression in the SOD1G93A mouse model. The results showed that FEN significantly prevents the toxicity of mSOD1 expression in NSC34 motor neuron; furthermore, FEN is able to partially overcome the toxic effect of mSOD1 on the myogenic program of C2C12 muscle cells. Administration of NanoMFen ameliorates the disease progression and increases median survival of mSOD1G93A ALS mice, even when given after disease onset; beneficial effects in ALS mice, however, is restricted to female sex. Our data support the therapeutic potential of FEN against ALS-associated SOD1G93A mutant protein toxicity and promote further studies to elucidate specific cellular targets of the drug in ALS. Furthermore, the sex-related efficacy of NanoMFen in mSOD1G93A ALS mice strengthens the importance, in the perspective of a precision medicine approach, of gender pharmacology in ALS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Orienti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Armida
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Dobrowolny
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Pepponi
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sollazzini
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Pezzola
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Casola
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Popoli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Luisa Potenza
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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20
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Doubleday PF, Fornelli L, Ntai I, Kelleher NL. Oncogenic KRAS creates an aspartate metabolism signature in colorectal cancer cells. FEBS J 2021; 288:6683-6699. [PMID: 34227245 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in the KRAS gene are found in 30-50% of colorectal cancers (CRC), and recent findings have demonstrated independent and nonredundant roles for wild-type and mutant KRAS alleles in governing signaling and metabolism. Here, we quantify proteomic changes manifested by KRAS mutation and KRAS allele loss in isogenic cell lines. We show that the expression of KRASG13D upregulates aspartate metabolizing proteins including PCK1, PCK2, ASNS, and ASS1. Furthermore, differential expression analyses of transcript-level data from CRC tumors identified the upregulation of urea cycle enzymes in CRC. We find that expression of ASS1 supports colorectal cancer cell proliferation and promotes tumor formation in vitro. We show that loss of ASS1 can be rescued with high levels of several metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Doubleday
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Luca Fornelli
- Department of Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | | | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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21
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Liu K, Zhao Y, Zhang L, He M, Lin W, Sun H, Liu Z, Hu J, Wang L. Biocompatible Platinum Nanoclusters Prepared Using Bitter Gourd Polysaccharide for Colorimetric Detection of Ascorbic Acid. Biomolecules 2021; 11:647. [PMID: 33924809 PMCID: PMC8146894 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is an organic compound with antioxidant properties that can protect the human body from the threat of free radicals. Therefore, it is important to detect the existence and measure the concentration of ascorbic acid to regulate its content in the human body. In this work, we prepared bitter gourd polysaccharide (BGP)-stabilized platinum nanoclusters (Pt-BGP NCs) by reacting BGP with K2PtCl4. Pt-BGP NCs and catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2 to generate •OH radicals, which could oxidize TMB to form oxidized TMB (oxTMB), indicating their peroxidase-like properties. The kinetics followed the Michaelis-Menten equation. Furthermore, the colorimetric detection of ascorbic acid using Pt-BGP NCs showed high selectivity and a low detection limit of 0.191 μM. The accuracy of real sample detection using Pt-BGP NCs was as high as 98.9%. More importantly, Pt-BGP NCs had high cell biocompatibility and extremely low hemolysis rate due to the component of BGP. In summary, the prepared Pt-BGP NCs with reductive activity and good biocompatibility have good application prospects in colorimetric detection of ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Mengmeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Weifeng Lin
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Haotian Sun
- Ocean NanoTech, LLC, San Diego, CA 92126, USA;
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Longgang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
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22
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Ascorbic acid analogue 6-Deoxy-6-[ 18F] fluoro-L-ascorbic acid as a tracer for identifying human colorectal cancer with SVCT2 overexpression. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101055. [PMID: 33677235 PMCID: PMC8046958 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
6-Deoxy-6-[18F]fluoro-L-ascorbic Acid (18F-DFA) was successfully prepared and biological evaluated. Cancer cells with high expression of SVCT2 have higher AA uptake than cancer cells with low expression of SVCT2. 18F-DFA PET imaging showed cancer cells with high expression of SVCT2 had higher 18F-DFA accumulation after tumorigenesis in mice. The first time (to our knowledge), PET imaging directly verified the high accumulation of AA in adrenal gland.
L-ascorbic acid (AA) was reported to have an anti-cancer effect over 40 years. In recent years, several ongoing clinical trials are exploring the safety and efficacy of intravenous high-dose AA for cancer treatment. The lack of appropriate imaging modality limits the identification of potentially suitable patients for AA treatment. This study focuses on identifying AA-sensitive tumor cells using molecular imaging. 6-Deoxy-6-[18F] fluoro-L-ascorbic Acid (18F-DFA), a structural analog of AA, was synthesized and labeled to visualize the metabolism of AA in vivo. Colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines with high and low expression of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters 2 (SVCT2) were used for a series of cellular uptake tests. PET imaging was performed on xenograft tumor-bearing mice. More AA uptake was observed in CRC cells with high SVCT2 expression than in cells with low SVCT2 expression. The substrate (unlabeled AA) can competitively inhibit the 18F-DFA tracer uptake by CRC cells. The biodistribution of 18F-DFA in mice showed high radioactivity was seen in organs such as adrenal glands, kidneys, and liver that were known to have high concentrations of AA. Both PET imaging and tissue distribution showed that cancer cells with high SVCT2 expression enhanced the accumulation of 18F-DFA in mice after tumor formation. Immunohistochemistry was used to verify the corresponding results. As a radiotracer, 18F-DFA can provide powerful imaging information to identify tumor with high affinity of AA, and SVCT2 can be a potential biomarker in this process.
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23
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Park HW, Song MS, Sim HJ, Ryu PD, Lee SY. The role of the voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv2.1 in prostate cancer cell migration. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 33407994 PMCID: PMC7907745 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are involved in many important cellular functions and play pivotal roles in cancer progression. The expression level of Kv2.1 was observed to be higher in the highly metastatic prostate cancer cells (PC-3), specifically in their membrane, than in immortalized prostate cells (WPMY-1 cells) and comparatively less metastatic prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and DU145 cells). However, Kv2.1 expression was significantly decreased when the cells were treated with anti-oxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine or ascorbic acid, implying that the highly expressed Kv2.1 could detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) in malignant prostate cancer cells. In addition, the blockade of Kv2.1 with stromatoxin-1 or siRNA targeting Kv2.1 significantly inhibited the migration of malignant prostate cancer cells. Our results suggested that Kv2.1 plays an important role as a ROS sensor and that it is a promising therapeutic molecular target in metastasis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min Seok Song
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hun Ju Sim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Pan Dong Ryu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - So Yeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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24
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Role of p53 in transcriptional repression of SVCT2. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1651-1658. [PMID: 33580460 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
SVCT2, Sodium-dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2, uniquely transports ascorbic acid (also known as vitamin C and ascorbate) into all types of cells. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that must be obtained through the diet and plasma levels are tightly regulated by transporter activity. Vitamin C plays an important role in antioxidant defenses and is a cofactor for many enzymes that enable hormone synthesis, oxygen sensing, collagen synthesis and epigenetic pathways. Although SVCT2 has various functions, regulation of its expression/activity remains poorly understood. We found a p53-binding site, within the SVCT2 promoter, using a transcription factor binding-site prediction tool. In this study, we show that p53 can directly repress SVCT2 transcription by binding a proximal- (~-185 to -171 bp) and a distal- (~-1800 to -1787 bp) p53-responsive element (PRE), Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that PRE-bound p53 interacts with the corepressor-histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), resulting in deacetylation of histones Ac-H4, at the proximal promoter, resulting in transcriptional silencing of SVCT2. Overall, our data suggests that p53 is a potent transcriptional repressor of SVCT2, a critical transporter of diet-derived ascorbic acid, across the plasma membranes of numerous essential tissue cell types.
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25
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Hallmarks of Health. Cell 2020; 184:33-63. [PMID: 33340459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The biological causes or hallmarks of health include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers and containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, and rhythmic oscillations), and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, and repair and regeneration). Disruption of any of these interlocked features is broadly pathogenic, causing an acute or progressive derailment of the system coupled to the loss of numerous stigmata of health.
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26
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Vitamin C Transporters and Their Implications in Carcinogenesis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123869. [PMID: 33352824 PMCID: PMC7765979 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is implicated in various bodily functions due to its unique properties in redox homeostasis. Moreover, vitamin C also plays a great role in restoring the activity of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe2+ dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDD), which are involved in active DNA demethylation (TET proteins), the demethylation of histones, and hypoxia processes. Therefore, vitamin C may be engaged in the regulation of gene expression or in a hypoxic state. Hence, vitamin C has acquired great interest for its plausible effects on cancer treatment. Since its conceptualization, the role of vitamin C in cancer therapy has been a controversial and disputed issue. Vitamin C is transferred to the cells with sodium dependent transporters (SVCTs) and glucose transporters (GLUT). However, it is unknown whether the impaired function of these transporters may lead to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Notably, previous studies have identified SVCTs’ polymorphisms or their altered expression in some types of cancer. This review discusses the potential effects of vitamin C and the impaired SVCT function in cancers. The variations in vitamin C transporter genes may regulate the active transport of vitamin C, and therefore have an impact on cancer risk, but further studies are needed to thoroughly elucidate their involvement in cancer biology.
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27
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New promising developments for potential therapeutic applications of high-dose ascorbate as an anticancer drug. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2020; 14:179-191. [PMID: 33278349 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbate) is an essential dietary requirement, with fundamental redox, anti-oxidant functions at physiologic concentrations. Vitamin C is a cofactor for Fe2+ and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, englobing large families of enzymes, including also epigenetic regulators of DNA and histone methylation. Importantly, vitamin C is involved in the control of the activity of TET (ten-eleven translocation) enzymes, key epigenetic regulators. For this spectrum of activities, often involving pathways deregulated in cancer cells, vitamin C possesses some pharmacologic activities that can be exploited in anticancer therapy. In particular, the capacity of pharmacological doses of vitamin C to target redox imbalance and to rescue deregulated epigenetic program observed in some cancer cells represents a consistent therapeutic potentiality. Several recent studies have identified some cancer subsets that could benefit from the pharmacological activities of vitamin C. The identification of these potentially responsive patients will help to carefully define controlled clinical trials aiming to evaluate the anticancer activity of Vitamin C.
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28
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Vitamin C and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121227. [PMID: 33287462 PMCID: PMC7761826 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential beneficial effects of the antioxidant properties of vitamin C have been investigated in a number of pathological conditions. In this review, we assess both clinical and preclinical studies evaluating the role of vitamin C in cardiac and vascular disorders, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseases. Pitfalls and controversies in investigations on vitamin C and cardiovascular disorders are also discussed.
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29
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Fu J, Wu Z, Liu J, Wu T. Vitamin C: A stem cell promoter in cancer metastasis and immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110588. [PMID: 32836076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is an electron donor and is involved in a variety of biochemical reactions in stem cell and cancer stem cell, as well as collagen synthesis and the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor synthesis, which two affect extracellular matrix remodelling and hence cancer metastasis. Specific doses of vitamin C can stop cancer cell glycolysis and block nitroso synthesis, indicating the potential of vitamin C in cancer treatment. Recent studies preliminary revealed Vitamin C enhance the cancer's immune response to anti PD-L1 therapy through multiple indirect approaches. Herein we reviewed the recent function of vitamin C for further research in sequential aspects of cancer stem cell, extracellular matrix remodeling, cancer metastasis and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Fu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyi Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianfu Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Pelet A, Skopova V, Steuerwald U, Baresova V, Zarhrate M, Plaza JM, Hnizda A, Krijt M, Souckova O, Wibrand F, Andorsdóttir G, Joensen F, Sedlak D, Bleyer AJ, Kmoch S, Lyonnet S, Zikanova M. PAICS deficiency, a new defect of de novo purine synthesis resulting in multiple congenital anomalies and fatal outcome. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3805-3814. [PMID: 31600779 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report for the first time an autosomal recessive inborn error of de novo purine synthesis (DNPS)-PAICS deficiency. We investigated two siblings from the Faroe Islands born with multiple malformations resulting in early neonatal death. Genetic analysis of affected individuals revealed a homozygous missense mutation in PAICS (c.158A>G; p.Lys53Arg) that affects the structure of the catalytic site of the bifunctional enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase (AIRC, EC 4.1.1.21)/phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (SAICARS, EC 6.3.2.6) (PAICS). The mutation reduced the catalytic activity of PAICS in heterozygous carrier and patient skin fibroblasts to approximately 50 and 10% of control levels, respectively. The catalytic activity of the corresponding recombinant enzyme protein carrying the mutation p.Lys53Arg expressed and purified from E. coli was reduced to approximately 25% of the wild-type enzyme. Similar to other two known DNPS defects-adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency and AICA-ribosiduria-the PAICS mutation prevented purinosome formation in the patient's skin fibroblasts, and this phenotype was corrected by transfection with the wild-type but not the mutated PAICS. Although aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR) and aminoimidazole riboside (AIr), the enzyme substrates that are predicted to accumulate in PAICS deficiency, were not detected in patient's fibroblasts, the cytotoxic effect of AIr on various cell lines was demonstrated. PAICS deficiency is a newly described disease that enhances our understanding of the DNPS pathway and should be considered in the diagnosis of families with recurrent spontaneous abortion or early neonatal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pelet
- Laboratory Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformation, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Vaclava Skopova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ulrike Steuerwald
- Pediatric Unit, Medical Department, The Faroese Hospital System, FO 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Veronika Baresova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammed Zarhrate
- Laboratory Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformation, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Plaza
- Laboratory Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformation, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Ales Hnizda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1TN Cambridge, UK
| | - Matyas Krijt
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Souckova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Flemming Wibrand
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guðrið Andorsdóttir
- FarGen, The Genetic Biobank of the Faroe Islands, FO 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Fróði Joensen
- Pediatric Unit, Medical Department, The Faroese Hospital System, FO 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - David Sedlak
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 140 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anthony J Bleyer
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic.,Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 271 03 Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Laboratory Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformation, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie Zikanova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
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31
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Roa FJ, Peña E, Gatica M, Escobar-Acuña K, Saavedra P, Maldonado M, Cuevas ME, Moraga-Cid G, Rivas CI, Muñoz-Montesino C. Therapeutic Use of Vitamin C in Cancer: Physiological Considerations. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:211. [PMID: 32194425 PMCID: PMC7063061 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early studies of William J. McCormick in the 1950s, vitamin C has been proposed as a candidate for the treatment of cancer. A number of reports have shown that pharmacological concentrations of vitamin C selectively kill cancer cells in vitro and decrease the growth rates of a number of human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice. However, up to the date there is still doubt regarding this possible therapeutic role of vitamin C in cancer, mainly because high dose administration in cancer patients has not showed a clear antitumor activity. These apparent controversial findings highlight the fact that we lack information on the interactions that occurs between cancer cells and vitamin C, and if these transformed cells can uptake, metabolize and compartmentalize vitamin C like normal human cells do. The role of SVCTs and GLUTs transporters, which uptake the reduced form and the oxidized form of vitamin C, respectively, has been recently highlighted in the context of cancer showing that the relationship between vitamin C and cancer might be more complex than previously thought. In this review, we analyze the state of art of the effect of vitamin C on cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and relate it to the capacity of cancer cells in acquiring, metabolize and compartmentalize this nutrient, with its implications on the potential therapeutic role of vitamin C in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Roa
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo Peña
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcell Gatica
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Kathleen Escobar-Acuña
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Paulina Saavedra
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mafalda Maldonado
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Magdalena E Cuevas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gustavo Moraga-Cid
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Coralia I Rivas
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carola Muñoz-Montesino
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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32
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Enhanced Anticancer Effect of Adding Magnesium to Vitamin C Therapy: Inhibition of Hormetic Response by SVCT-2 Activation. Transl Oncol 2019; 13:401-409. [PMID: 31901552 PMCID: PMC6940627 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C, AA) is known as an antioxidant, but at high concentrations, AA can kill cancer cells through a prooxidant property. Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter family-2 (SVCT-2) determines the cellular uptake of AA, and the activity of SVCT-2 is directly related to the anticancer activity of AA. Cancer cells that showed high SVCT-2 expression levels were more sensitive to AA treatment than cancer cells with low SVCT-2 expression levels. Cells with low SVCT-2 expression showed a hormetic response to a low dose of AA. Magnesium ions, which are known to activate SVCT-2, could increase the Vmax value of SVCT-2, so we investigated whether providing magnesium supplements to cancer cells with low SVCT-2 expression that had shown a hormetic response to AA would elevate the Vmax value of SVCT-2, allowing more AA to accumulate. To evaluate the effects of magnesium on cancer cells, MgSO4 and MgCl2 were screened as magnesium supplements; both forms showed synergistic anticancer effects with AA. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that magnesium supplementation enhanced the anticancer effect of AA by inhibiting the hormetic response at a low dose. This study has also demonstrated that AA treatment with magnesium supplementation provided more effective anticancer therapy than AA treatment alone.
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Wei M, Zhang R, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Li G, Miao R, Shao S. An Evaluation Approach of Cell Viability Based on Cell Detachment Assay in a Single-Channel Integrated Microfluidic Chip. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2654-2661. [PMID: 31502455 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to the heterogeneity of cancer cell populations, the traditional evaluation approach of cell viability based on the cell counting assay is quite inaccurate for the dose-response test of anticancer drugs, cell toxicology assays, and other biochemical stimulations. In this paper, an evaluation approach of cell viability based on the cell detachment assay in a single-channel integrated microfluidic chip is proposed to improve the accuracy of cell viability assessment. The electrodes are coated by fibronectin for specific cell adhesion, and it is biologically significant to study the cell detachment assay in vitro. The maximum number of cells that can be detected by this sensor is about 105 cells (overgrowing), while the minimum is about 100 cells. This method is calibrated with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration assay, and the results show that the cell viability calculated by adhesion strength is more accurate than that evaluated using the cell counting assay. Meanwhile, the shear rate is transformed into shear stress for the comparability among the results in other papers. The most sensitive frequency is also determined as 1 kHz according to normalized impedance. Besides, the impedance of cell adhesion affected by different shear stresses is monitored to study the optimized plan for long-term culture of cells in the integrated microfluidic chip prepared for the cell detachment assay. Adhesion strength τ25, which is the magnitude of shear stress needed to detach 75% of cell population, is introduced to describe the cell adhesion forces. It is calculated and normalized based on the cell detachment assay to evaluate cell viability. The relative errors of the cell detachment method compared with those of the cell counting method decrease by 0.637 (0% FBS), 0.586 (0.5% FBS), and 0.342 (2% FBS).
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Zhang X, Liu T, Li Z, Feng Y, Corpe C, Liu S, Zhang J, He X, Liu F, Xu L, Shen L, Li S, Xia Q, Peng X, Zhou X, Chen W, Zhang X, Xu J, Wang J. Hepatomas are exquisitely sensitive to pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH -). Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:8109-8126. [PMID: 31754384 PMCID: PMC6857065 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Ascorbate is an essential micronutrient known for redox functions at normal physiologic concentrations. In recent decades, pharmacological ascorbate has been found to selectively kill tumour cells. However, the dosing frequency of pharmacologic ascorbate in humans has not yet been defined. Methods: We determined that among five hepatic cell lines, Huh-7 cells were the most sensitive to ascorbate. The effects of high-dose ascorbate on hepatoma were therefore assessed using Huh-7 cells and xenograft tumour mouse model. Results: In Huh-7 cells, ascorbate induced a significant increase in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis and intracellular levels of ROS. High doses of ascorbate (4.0 pmol cell-1), but not low doses of ascorbate (1.0 pmol cell-1), also served as a pro-drug that killed hepatoma cells by altering mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, in a Huh-7 cell xenograft tumour mouse model, intraperitoneal injection of ascorbate (4.0 g/kg/3 days) but not a lower dose of ascorbate (2.0 g/kg/3 days) significantly inhibited tumour growth. Gene array analysis of HCC tumour tissue from xenograft mice given IP ascorbate (4.0 g/kg/3 days) identified changes in the transcript levels of 192 genes/ncRNAs involved in insulin receptor signalling, metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. Consistent with the array data, gene expression levels of AGER, DGKK, ASB2, TCP10L2, Lnc-ALCAM-3, and Lnc-TGFBR2-1 were increased 2.05-11.35 fold in HCC tumour tissue samples from mice treated with high-dose ascorbate, and IHC staining analysis also verified that AGER/RAGE and DGKK proteins were up-regulated, which implied that AGER/RAGE and DGKK activation might be related to oxidative stress, leading to hepatoma cell death. Conclusions: Our studies identified multiple mechanisms are responsible for the anti-tumour activity of ascorbate and suggest high doses of ascorbate with less frequency will act as a novel therapeutic agent for liver cancer in vivo.
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Intramelanocytic Acidification Plays a Role in the Antimelanogenic and Antioxidative Properties of Vitamin C and Its Derivatives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2084805. [PMID: 31214276 PMCID: PMC6535878 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2084805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although vitamin C (VC, L-ascorbic acid) has been widely used as a skin lightening agent for a long time, the mechanism by which it inhibits melanogenesis remains poorly understood. It is well-documented that the intramelanocytic pH is an important factor in regulating tyrosinase function and melanosome maturation. The activity of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme required for melanin synthesis, is generally minimal in an acidic environment. Given that VC is an acidic compound, we might speculate that the intracellular acidification of melanocytes induced by VC likely reduces melanin content through the suppression of tyrosinase activity. The results of this study reveal that treatment of melanocytes with VC or its derivatives, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (MAP) and 3-O-ethyl-L-ascorbic acid (AAE), resulted in significant decreases in the tyrosinase activity and melanin content and in the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), indicating that VC and its derivatives possess antimelanogenic and antioxidative activities. Western blotting analysis indicated that VC, MAP, and AAE exert their antimelanogenic activity by inhibiting the tyrosinase activity rather than by downregulating the expression of melanogenic proteins such as tyrosinase, premelanosome protein 17 (Pmel17) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Further, we found that the reduced tyrosinase activity of melanocytes treated with VC or its derivatives could be reactivated following intracellular neutralization induced by ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) or concanamycin A (Con A). Finally, we examined the expression of sodium-dependent VC transporter-2 (SVCT-2) using western blotting and qPCR, which revealed that there was a significant increase in the expression of SVCT-2 in melanocytes following treatment with VC. VC-mediated intracellular acidification was neutralized by phloretin (a putative SVCT-2 inhibitor) in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these data show that VC and its derivatives suppress tyrosinase activity through cytoplasmic acidification that potentially results from enhanced VC transmembrane transport via the VC transporter SVCT-2.
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Milano F, Mussi F, Fornaciari S, Altunoz M, Forti L, Arru L, Buschini A. Oxygen Availability during Growth Modulates the Phytochemical Profile and the Chemo-Protective Properties of Spinach Juice. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9020053. [PMID: 30720723 PMCID: PMC6406831 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are a good source of potentially biologically active compounds. Their regular consumption in the human diet can help reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Plants produce additional chemical substances when subject to abiotic stress or infected by microorganisms. The phytochemical profile of spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.), which is a vegetable with widely recognized health-promoting activity, has been affected by applying root hypoxic and re-oxygenation stress during plant growth. Leaf juice at different sampling times has been subject to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) analysis and tested on the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 by using the Comet assay. The cells were previously treated with H2O2 to simulate the presence of an oxidative stress (as in colon cancer condition) and the leaf juice application resulted in a significant antioxidant and protective in vitro effect. The duration of the hypoxic/re-oxygenation stress imposed on the plant reflects the antioxidant leaf juice content. After hypoxic stress (24 h) and reoxygenation (2 h), we show a decrease (50%) of the relative abundance of the principal identified antioxidant molecules but a higher antioxidant activity of the spinach juice on HT29 cells (20%). Data shows a complex relation between plant growing conditions and the modulation of secondary metabolites content in leaf juice that results in different chemo-protective activities in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Milano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mussi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fornaciari
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Meltem Altunoz
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Luca Forti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Laura Arru
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- COMT (Centro di Oncologia Molecolare e Traslazionale), Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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