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Shaghayegh G, Cooksley C, Bouras G, Panchatcharam BS, Feizi S, Javadian S, Ramezanpour M, Fenix KA, Wormald PJ, Psaltis AJ, Vreugde S. S. aureus biofilm properties correlate with immune B cell subset frequencies and severity of chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Immunol 2024; 263:110221. [PMID: 38636891 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus mucosal biofilms are associated with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, S. aureus colonisation of sinus mucosa is frequent in the absence of mucosal inflammation. This questions the relevance of S. aureus biofilms in CRS etiopathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate whether strain-level variation in in vitro-grown S. aureus biofilm properties relates to CRS disease severity, in vitro toxicity, and immune B cell responses in sinonasal tissue from CRS patients and non-CRS controls. S. aureus clinical isolates, tissue samples, and matched clinical datasets were collected from CRS patients with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and controls. B cell responses in tissue samples were characterised by FACS. S. aureus biofilms were established in vitro, followed by measuring their properties of metabolic activity, biomass, colony-forming units, and exoprotein production. S. aureus virulence was evaluated using whole-genome sequencing, mass spectrometry and application of S. aureus biofilm exoproteins to air-liquid interface cultures of primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC-ALI). In vitro S. aureus biofilm properties were correlated with increased CRS severity scores, infiltration of antibody-secreting cells and loss of regulatory B cells in tissue samples. Biofilm exoproteins from S. aureus with high biofilm metabolic activity had enriched virulence genes and proteins, and negatively affected the barrier function of HNEC-ALI cultures. These findings support the notion of strain-level variation in S. aureus biofilms to be critical in the pathophysiology of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Shaghayegh
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Clare Cooksley
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - George Bouras
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Beula Subashini Panchatcharam
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sholeh Feizi
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shari Javadian
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Aaron Fenix
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alkis James Psaltis
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia.
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Murphy W, Liu S, Javadiyan S, Vyskocil E, Feizi S, Callejas C, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S, Psaltis AJ. An In Vitro Study Evaluating the Safety of Mesalazine on Human Nasoepithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2796. [PMID: 38474043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a disease characterised by the inflammation of the nasal and paranasal cavities. It is a widespread condition with considerable morbidity for patients. Current treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis consists of appropriate medical therapy followed by surgery in medically resistant patients. Although oral steroids are effective, they are associated with significant morbidity, and disease recurrence is common when discontinued. The development of additional steroid sparing therapies is therefore needed. Mesalazine is a commonly used therapeutic in inflammatory bowel disease, which shares a similar disease profile with chronic rhinosinusitis. This exploratory in vitro study aims to investigate whether mesalazine could be repurposed to a nasal wash, which is safe on human nasoepithelial cells, and retains its anti-inflammatory effects. CRS patients' human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were collected. HNECs were grown at an air-liquid interface (ALIs) and in a monolayer and challenged with mesalazine or a non-medicated control. Transepithelial electrical resistance, paracellular permeability, and toxicity were measured to assess epithelial integrity and safety. The anti-inflammatory effects of mesalazine on the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were analysed using human leukemia monocytic cell line (THP-1). mesalazine did not impact the barrier function of HNEC-ALIs and was not toxic when applied to HNECs or THP-1 cells at concentrations up to 20 mM. mesalazine at 0.5 and 1 mM concentrations significantly inhibited TNF-α release by THP-1 cells. mesalazine effectively decreases TNF-α secretion from THP-1 cells, indicating the possibility of its anti-inflammatory properties. The safety profile of mesalazine at doses up to 20 mM suggests that it is safe when applied topically on HNECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Murphy
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia
- The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia
- The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Shari Javadiyan
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia
- The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Erich Vyskocil
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sholeh Feizi
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia
- The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Claudio Callejas
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320165, Chile
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia
- The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia
- The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Alkis J Psaltis
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide 5011, Australia
- The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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Chu GE, Park JY, Park CH, Cho WG. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in TRIF-Dependent Toll-like Receptor 3 Signaling in Bronchial Epithelial Cells against Viral Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:226. [PMID: 38203397 PMCID: PMC10778811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays an important role in double-stranded RNA recognition and triggers the innate immune response by acting as a key receptor against viral infections. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in TLR3-induced inflammatory responses during viral infections; however, their relationship with mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a mimic of viral RNA, induced TLR3-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway activation and enhanced mtROS generation, leading to inflammatory cytokine production. TLR3-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) and Mito-TEMPO inhibited inflammatory cytokine production in poly(I:C)-treated BEAS-2B cells. Poly(I:C) recruited the TLR3 adaptor molecule Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor, inducing IFN (TRIF) and activated NF-κB signaling. Additionally, TLR3-induced mtROS generation suppression and siRNA-mediated TRIF downregulation attenuated mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) degradation. Our findings provide insights into the TLR3-TRIF signaling pathway and MAVS in viral infections, and suggest TLR3-mtROS as a therapeutic target for the treatment of airway inflammatory and viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Eul Chu
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (G.E.C.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Jun Young Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chan Ho Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (G.E.C.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Won Gil Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (G.E.C.); (C.H.P.)
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Okuma N, Ito MA, Shimizu T, Hasegawa A, Ohmori S, Yoshida K, Matsuoka I. Amplification of poly(I:C)-induced interleukin-6 production in human bronchial epithelial cells by priming with interferon-γ. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21067. [PMID: 38030681 PMCID: PMC10687102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 was associated with disease severity in patients with COVID-19. The mechanism underlying the excessive IL-6 production by SARS-Cov-2 infection remains unclear. Respiratory viruses initially infect nasal or bronchial epithelial cells that produce various inflammatory mediators. Here, we show that pretreatment of human bronchial epithelial cells (NCl-H292) with interferon (IFN)-γ (10 ng/mL) markedly increased IL-6 production induced by the toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 agonist poly(I:C) (1 µg/mL) from 0.4 ± 0.1 to 4.1 ± 0.4 ng/mL (n = 3, P < 0.01). A similar effect was observed in human alveolar A549 and primary bronchial epithelial cells. TLR3 knockdown using siRNA in NCl-H292 cells diminished the priming effects of IFN-γ on poly(I:C)-induced IL-6 production. Furthermore, the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib (1 µM) inhibited IFN-γ-induced upregulation of TLR3, and suppressed poly(I:C)-induced IL-6 production. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that IFN-γ stimulated histone modifications at the IL-6 gene locus. Finally, IFN-γ priming significantly increased lung IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in poly(I:C)-administrated mice. Thus, priming bronchial epithelial cells with IFN-γ increases poly(I:C)-induced IL-6 production via JAK-dependent TLR3 upregulation and chromatin remodeling at the IL-6 gene locus. These mechanisms may be involved in severe respiratory inflammation following infection with RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Okuma
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Japan Community Health Care Organization Gunma Chuo Hospital, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, 371-0025, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Ito
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Tomoyoshi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuya Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Shin'ya Ohmori
- Laboratory of Allergy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Isao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
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Yang SK, Kim JW, Won TB, Rhee CS, Han YB, Cho SW. Differences in Clinical and Immunological Characteristics According to the Various Criteria for Tissue Eosinophilia in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 16:359-368. [PMID: 37641857 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2023.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several criteria exist for classifying chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) as eosinophilic or non-eosinophilic. This study attempted to evaluate several criteria for defining eosinophilic CRSwNP from clinical and immunological perspectives. METHODS A cohort of 84 patients (73 patients with CRSwNP and 11 control patients) was retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP based on four different criteria: eosinophils (EOS) accounting for more than 20% of the total inflammatory cells; ≥70 EOS per high-power field (HPF); >55 EOS/HPF; and ≥10 EOS/HPF. Preoperative clinical characteristics, the immunological profiles of 14 cytokines from nasal tissue, and postoperative outcomes were compared between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP based on each criterion. These criteria were immunologically validated by using 14 cytokines to predict the performance of tissue eosinophilia with a random forest model. RESULTS Patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP were significantly older when the criterion of ≥10 EOS/HPF or EOS >20% was used. The number of patients with aspirin intolerance was significantly higher in eosinophilic CRSwNP based on the criterion of EOS >20%. From an immunological perspective, non-type 2 inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in non-eosinophilic CRSwNP with the criterion of EOS >20% of the total inflammatory cells. In addition, the criterion of EOS >20% of the total inflammatory cells resulted in the best prediction of eosinophilic CRSwNP, with an accuracy of 88.10% and area under the curve of 0.94. CONCLUSION Clinical and immunological characteristics were different between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP depending on a variety of criteria, and the. RESULTS of this study should be taken into account when choosing the criterion for defining eosinophilic CRSwNP and interpreting the data accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Koo Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jeong-Whun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Bin Won
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chae-Seo Rhee
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Bi Han
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Annangi B, Villacorta A, Vela L, Tavakolpournegari A, Marcos R, Hernández A. Effects of true-to-life PET nanoplastics using primary human nasal epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104140. [PMID: 37137422 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Since inhalation is a relevant exposure route, studies using appropriate micro/nanoplastic (MNPLs) models, representative targeted cells, and relevant biomarkers of effect are required. We have used lab-made polyethylene terephthalate (PET)NPLs obtained from PET plastic water bottles. Human primary nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) were used as a model of the first barrier of the respiratory system. Cell internalization and intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) induction, as well as the effects on mitochondria functionality and in the modulation of the autophagy pathway, were evaluated. The data indicated significant cellular uptake and increased levels of iROS. Furthermore, a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in the exposed cells. Regarding the effects on the autophagy pathway, PETNPLs exposure significantly increases LC3-II protein expression levels. PETNPLs exposure also induced significant increases in the expression of p62. This is the first study showing that true-to-life PETNPLs can alter the autophagy pathway in HNEpCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanyam Annangi
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Aliro Villacorta
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Lourdes Vela
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alireza Tavakolpournegari
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Alba Hernández
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Wagner R, Amonkar GM, Wang W, Shui JE, Bankoti K, Tse WH, High FA, Zalieckas JM, Buchmiller TL, Zani A, Keijzer R, Donahoe PK, Lerou PH, Ai X. A Tracheal Aspirate-derived Airway Basal Cell Model Reveals a Proinflammatory Epithelial Defect in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1214-1226. [PMID: 36731066 PMCID: PMC10161756 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202205-0953oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by incomplete closure of the diaphragm and lung hypoplasia. The pathophysiology of lung defects in CDH is poorly understood. Objectives: To establish a translational model of human airway epithelium in CDH for pathogenic investigation and therapeutic testing. Methods: We developed a robust methodology of epithelial progenitor derivation from tracheal aspirates of newborns. Basal stem cells (BSCs) from patients with CDH and preterm and term non-CDH control subjects were derived and analyzed by bulk RNA sequencing, assay for transposase accessible chromatin with sequencing, and air-liquid interface differentiation. Lung sections from fetal human CDH samples and the nitrofen rat model of CDH were subjected to histological assessment of epithelial defects. Therapeutics to restore epithelial differentiation were evaluated in human epithelial cell culture and the nitrofen rat model of CDH. Measurements and Main Results: Transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling of CDH and control BSCs reveals a proinflammatory signature that is manifested by hyperactive nuclear factor kappa B and independent of severity and hernia size. In addition, CDH BSCs exhibit defective epithelial differentiation in vitro that recapitulates epithelial phenotypes found in fetal human CDH lung samples and fetal tracheas of the nitrofen rat model of CDH. Furthermore, blockade of nuclear factor kappa B hyperactivity normalizes epithelial differentiation phenotypes of human CDH BSCs in vitro and in nitrofen rat tracheas in vivo. Conclusions: Our findings have identified an underlying proinflammatory signature and BSC differentiation defects as a potential therapeutic target for airway epithelial defects in CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wagner
- Division of Newborn Medicine and
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gaurang M. Amonkar
- Division of Newborn Medicine and
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Newborn Medicine and
| | | | | | - Wai Hei Tse
- Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health, Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba and Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Frances A. High
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery and
| | - Jill M. Zalieckas
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Terry L. Buchmiller
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Augusto Zani
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Keijzer
- Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health, Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba and Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patricia K. Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Annangi B, Villacorta A, López-Mesas M, Fuentes-Cebrian V, Marcos R, Hernández A. Hazard Assessment of Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells, Focusing on the Autophagic Effects. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020220. [PMID: 36830590 PMCID: PMC9953511 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human health risks posed by micro/nanoplastics (MNPLs), as emerging pollutants of environmental/health concern, need to be urgently addressed as part of a needed hazard assessment. The routes of MNPL exposure in humans could mainly come from oral, inhalation, or dermal means. Among them, inhalation exposure to MNPLs is the least studied area, even though their widespread presence in the air is dramatically increasing. In this context, this study focused on the potential hazard of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPLs with sizes 50 and 500 nm) in human primary nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs), with the first line of cells acting as a physical and immune barrier in the respiratory system. Primarily, cellular internalization was evaluated by utilizing laboratory-labeled fluorescence PSNPLs with iDye, a commercial, pink-colored dye, using confocal microscopy, and found PSNPLs to be significantly internalized by HNEpCs. After, various cellular effects, such as the induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS), the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the modulation of the autophagy pathway in the form of the accumulation of autophagosomes (LC3-II) and p62 markers (a ubiquitin involved in the clearance of cell debris), were evaluated after cell exposure. The data demonstrated significant increases in iROS, a decrease in MMP, as well as a greater accumulation of LC3-II and p62 in the presence of PSNPLs. Notably, the autophagic effects did indicate the implications of PSNPLs in defective or insufficient autophagy. This is the first study showing the autophagy pathway as a possible target for PSNPL-induced adverse effects in HNEpCs. When taken together, this study proved the cellular effects of PSNPLs in HNEpCs and adds value to the existing studies as a part of the respiratory risk assessment of MNPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanyam Annangi
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Aliro Villacorta
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1111100, Chile
| | - Montserrat López-Mesas
- GTS-UAB Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Victor Fuentes-Cebrian
- GTS-UAB Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Alba Hernández
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (A.H.)
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Huang S, Hon K, Bennett C, Hu H, Menberu M, Wormald PJ, Zhao Y, Vreugde S, Liu S. Corynebacterium accolens inhibits Staphylococcus aureus induced mucosal barrier disruption. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:984741. [PMID: 36187946 PMCID: PMC9515799 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium accolens (C. accolens) is a common nasal colonizer, whereas Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is typically regarded a pathogenic organism in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study aims to evaluate the interaction of the two bacteria in vitro. Methods Clinical isolates of C. accolens and S. aureus from sinonasal swabs, as well as primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) cultured from cellular brushings of both healthy and CRS patients were used for this study. The cell-free culture supernatants of all isolates grown alone and in co-cultures were tested for their effects on transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), FITC-Dextran permeability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and IL-6 and IL-8 secretion of HNECs. Confocal scanning laser microscopy and immunofluorescence were also used to visualize the apical junctional complexes. C. accolens cell-free culture supernatants were also tested for antimicrobial activity and growth on planktonic and biofilm S. aureus growth. Results The cell-free culture supernatants of 3\C. accolens strains (at 60% for S. aureus reference strain and 30% concentration for S. aureus clinical strains) inhibited the growth of both the planktonic S. aureus reference and clinical strains significantly. The C. accolens cell-free culture supernatants caused no change in the TER or FITC-Dextran permeability of the HNEC-ALI cultures, while the cell-free culture supernatants of S. aureus strains had a detrimental effect. Cell-free culture supernatants of C. accolens co-cultured with both the clinical and reference strains of S. aureus delayed the S. aureus-dependent mucosal barrier damage in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Corynebacterium accolens cell-free culture supernatants appear to inhibit the growth of the S. aureus planktonic bacteria, and may reduce the mucosal barrier damage caused by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Huang
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Rhinology, The ENT Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Karen Hon
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Catherine Bennett
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Martha Menberu
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yulin Zhao
- Department of Rhinology, The ENT Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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10
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Ramezanpour M, Bolt H, Hon K, Shaghayegh G, Rastin H, Fenix KA, Psaltis Alkis J, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S. Characterization of human nasal organoids from chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059267. [PMID: 35452072 PMCID: PMC9399817 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids grown in three-dimensional cultures provide an excellent platform for phenotypic high-throughput screening and drug-response research. Organoid technology has been applied to study stem cell biology and various human pathologies. This study investigates the characteristics and cellular morphology of organoids derived from primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. Nasal organoids were cultured up to 20 days and morphological, cell composition and functional parameters were measured by immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, western blot and FACS analysis. The results showed that nasal organoids expressed the stem cell marker leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), and markers for apical junction genes, goblet cells and ciliated cells. Moreover, we were able to regrow and expand the nasal organoids well after freezing and thawing. This study provides an effective and feasible method for development of human nasal organoids, suitable for the phenotypic high-throughput screening and drug response research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Harrison Bolt
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Karen Hon
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gohar Shaghayegh
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hadi Rastin
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Kevin Aaron Fenix
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James Psaltis Alkis
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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11
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Suzuki M, Cooksley C, Suzuki T, Ramezanpour M, Nakazono A, Nakamaru Y, Homma A, Vreugde S. TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 2:780425. [PMID: 35387020 PMCID: PMC8974762 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.780425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is constantly at risk of invasion by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In particular, the mucosal epithelium of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is at the very forefront of the battles between the host and the invading pathogens. Recent studies have revealed that the epithelium not only constitutes a physical barrier but also takes an essential role in the activation of the immune system. One of the mechanisms equipped in the epithelium to fight against microorganisms is the Toll-like receptor (TLR) response. TLRs recognize common structural components of microorganisms and activate the innate immune system, resulting in the production of a plethora of cytokines and chemokines in the response against microbes. As the epithelia-derived cytokines are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR), the molecules involved in the TLR response may be utilized as therapeutic targets for these diseases. There are several differences in the TLR response between nasal and bronchial epithelial cells, and knowledge of the TLR signals in the upper airway is sparse compared to that in the lower airway. In this review, we provide recent evidence on TLR signaling in the upper airway, focusing on the expression, regulation, and responsiveness of TLRs in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). We also discuss how TLRs in the epithelium are involved in the pathogenesis of, and possible therapeutic targeting, for CRS and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Clare Cooksley
- Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Akira Nakazono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamaru
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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12
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Kagoya R, Toma-Hirano M, Yamagishi J, Matsumoto N, Kondo K, Ito K. Immunological status of the olfactory bulb in a murine model of Toll-like receptor 3-mediated upper respiratory tract inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:13. [PMID: 35012562 PMCID: PMC8744287 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) following a viral upper respiratory tract infection (URI) is one of the most common causes of olfactory disorders, often lasting for over a year. To date, the molecular pathology of PVOD has not been elucidated. METHODS A murine model of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated upper respiratory tract inflammation was used to investigate the impact of URIs on the olfactory system. Inflammation was induced via the intranasal administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C), a TLR3 ligand) to the right nostril for 3 days. Peripheral olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), immune cells in the olfactory mucosa, and glial cells in the olfactory bulb (OB) were analyzed histologically. Proinflammatory cytokines in the nasal tissue and OB were evaluated using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In the treated mice, OSNs were markedly reduced in the olfactory mucosa, and T cell and neutrophil infiltration therein was observed 1 day after the end of poly(I:C) administration. Moreover, there was a considerable increase in microglial cells and slight increase in activated astrocytes in the OB. In addition, qPCR and ELISA revealed the elevated expression of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma both in the OB and nasal tissue. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the decreased peripheral OSNs, OB microgliosis, and elevated proinflammatory cytokines suggest that immunological changes in the OB may be involved in the pathogenesis of PVOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Kagoya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Makiko Toma-Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kameda Medical Center, 929, Higashi-cho, Kamogawa, Chiba, 296-8602, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ken Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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13
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Feizi S, Javadiyan S, Cooksley CM, Shaghayegh G, Psaltis AJ, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S. Green synthesized colloidal silver is devoid of toxic effects on primary human nasal epithelial cells in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112606. [PMID: 34653555 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating the safety of previously fabricated and effective green synthetized colloidal silver (GSCS) on the mucosal barrier structure and function is essential prior to conduct human trials. The GSCS was applied to primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) grown in an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture. Epithelial barrier integrity was evaluated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran paracellular permeability. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was quantified. Effects of the GSCS on cell viability and inflammation were examined through lactate dehydrogenase, the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide viability assay and interleukin 6 (IL-6) enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The localization and transportation of GSCS within HNECs and their HNEC-ALI cultures was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass-spectrometry, respectively. Application of GSCS to HNECs-ALI cultures for up to 2 h caused a significant reduction in the TEER values, however, it did not drop within the first 10 and 20 min for CRS and non-CRS control HNECs. The paracellular permeability, cell viability, IL-6 secretion and CBF remained unchanged. No GSCS was observed within or transported across HNECs. In conclusion, application of GSCS to HNECs is devoid of toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholeh Feizi
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville, South, Australia; The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shari Javadiyan
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville, South, Australia; The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Clare M Cooksley
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville, South, Australia; The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gohar Shaghayegh
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville, South, Australia; The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alkis James Psaltis
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville, South, Australia; The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville, South, Australia; The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville, South, Australia; The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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14
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Ogi K, Liu S, Ramezanpour M, Cooksley C, Javadiyan S, Fujieda S, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S, Psaltis AJ. Trimellitic anhydride facilitates transepithelial permeability disrupting tight junctions in sinonasal epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2021; 353:27-33. [PMID: 34627954 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is a chemical agent classified as a low molecular weight (LMW) agent causing occupational rhinitis (OR) or asthma. Although TMA is recognized as a respiratory sensitizer, the direct and non-immunologic effects of TMA remain unclear. Air- liquid interface (ALI) cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) derived from control subjects were treated with TMA, followed by measurement of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and immunofluorescence of tight junction proteins claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). The cytotoxicity of TMA was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. TMA at concentrations of 2 and 4 mg/mL significantly reduced the TEER within 10 min (p = 0.0177 on 2 mg/mL; p < 0.0001 on 4 mg/mL). The paracellular permeability of FITC-dextran was significantly increased upon challenge with 4 mg/mL TMA for 3 h (p = 0.0088) and 6 h (p = 0.0004). TMA treatment induced a reduction in the fluorescence intensity of claudin-1 and ZO-1 in a dose-dependent manner. LDH assay revealed 4 mg/mL TMA induced cytotoxicity only after 6 h incubation, while 1 or 2 mg/mL TMA caused no cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that TMA has a potential to penetrate the epithelial barrier by disrupting claudin-1 and ZO-1, indicating an important role for sensitization and OR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ogi
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia; Division of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Clare Cooksley
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shari Javadiyan
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alkis James Psaltis
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia.
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15
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Lai Y, Hu L, Yang L, Hu X, Song X, Yang J, Li H, Chen K, Li H, Wang D. Interaction Between Serum/Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1 and Interleukin-6 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:776-790. [PMID: 34486261 PMCID: PMC8419640 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.5.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) has recently emerged as a critical regulator of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we examined SGK1 expression and its possible pathogenic roles in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS Immunohistochemistry, western blotting, Bio-Plex assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess protein and gene expression levels. The mRNA expression levels of SGK1 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were extracted from a CRS database to perform correlation analysis. Stable cell lines with SGK1 overexpression (16HBE) and knockdown (A549) were constructed to investigate the interaction between SGK1 and IL-6 in vitro. RESULTS SGK1 exhibited strong cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in the epithelial layers and the lamina propria of nasal polyps (NPs) and in the mucosal tissues of CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). The mRNA and protein expression levels of SGK1 and IL-6 were significantly increased in NPs and CRSsNP tissues, compared to control tissues. SGK1 phosphorylation was significantly greater in NPs than in CRSsNP tissues (P < 0.01). The mRNA levels of SGK1 and IL-6 were significantly correlated (P < 0.001, r = 0.649). Exposure to IL-6 significantly increased SGK1 expression in cultured dispersed NP cells, 16HBE cells, and A549 cells. IL-6 expression was significantly down-regulated in SGK1-overexpressing 16HBE cells (P < 0.01) and significantly up-regulated in SGK1-knockdown A549 cells (P < 0.05). Administration of GSK650394, a SGK1 inhibitor, significantly increased IL-6 self-induced mRNA expression in cultured dispersed NP cells and 16HBE cells. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between SGK1 and IL-6 may play an anti-inflammatory role in IL-6-induced inflammation in the pathogenesis of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianting Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaole Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dehui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Ogi K, Ramezanpour M, Liu S, Ferdoush Tuli J, Bennett C, Suzuki M, Fujieda S, Psaltis AJ, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S. Der p 1 Disrupts the Epithelial Barrier and Induces IL-6 Production in Patients With House Dust Mite Allergic Rhinitis. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:692049. [PMID: 35387029 PMCID: PMC8974687 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.692049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1/2 (Der p 1/Der p 2) are regarded as important allergens of house dust mite (HDM). However, the effect of both products on the epithelial barrier and immune response of patients with and without HDM allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. Methods: Air–liquid interface (ALI) cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) derived from control subjects (non-AR) (n = 9) and HDM-AR patients (n = 9) were treated with Der P 1 and Der P 2, followed by testing the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextrans and immunofluorescence of claudin-1 and ZO-1. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production was evaluated by ELISA. Results: Der p 1 reduced TEER significantly in a transient and dose-dependent manner in HNEC-ALI cultures from HDM-AR and non-AR patients, whilst the paracellular permeability was not affected. TEER was significantly reduced by Der p 1 at the 10-min time point in HDM-AR patients compared to non-AR patients (p = 0.0259). Compared to no-treatment control, in HNECs derived from HDM-AR patients, Der p 1 significantly cleaved claudin-1 after 30 min exposure (72.7 ± 9.5 % in non-AR group, 39.9 ± 7.1 % in HDM-AR group, p = 0.0286) and induced IL-6 secretion (p = 0.0271). Conclusions: Our results suggest that patients with HDM-AR are more sensitive to Der p 1 than non-AR patients with increased effects of Der p1 on the mucosal barrier and induction of inflammation, indicating an important role for Der p1 in sensitization and HDM-AR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ogi
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Jannatul Ferdoush Tuli
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Catherine Bennett
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Masanobu Suzuki
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Alkis James Psaltis
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery–Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sarah Vreugde
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Ramezanpour M, Bolt H, Hon K, Bouras GS, Psaltis AJ, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S. Cytokine-Induced Modulation of SARS-CoV2 Receptor Expression in Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070848. [PMID: 34357998 PMCID: PMC8308731 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Viral entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) via the spike protein enables endocytosis into host cells using the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2. The frequent upper respiratory tract symptoms of COVID-19 and the localization of the virus to the nasopharynx, the most common site of swabbing, indicate that the sinonasal mucosa may play an important role in SARS-CoV2 infection and viral replication. Methods: This paper investigates the presence of ACE2 receptor and TMPRESS2 expression in the primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) from the following: chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and control (non-CRS) patients, and maps the expression changes when exposed to Th1, Th2, Th17-associated cytokines. Results: We found that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression was higher in control HNECs than CRSwNP HNECs, and that both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were downregulated further by Th2 cytokines in CRSwNP HNECs. Conclusions: This indicates an immune dysregulated state of CRSwNP mucosa, which normally contributes to a chronic inflammatory state, and might support an altered susceptibility to SARS-CoV2 infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AS 5011, Australia; (M.R.); (H.B.); (K.H.); (G.S.B.); (A.J.P.); (P.-J.W.)
| | - Harrison Bolt
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AS 5011, Australia; (M.R.); (H.B.); (K.H.); (G.S.B.); (A.J.P.); (P.-J.W.)
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Karen Hon
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AS 5011, Australia; (M.R.); (H.B.); (K.H.); (G.S.B.); (A.J.P.); (P.-J.W.)
| | - George Spyro Bouras
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AS 5011, Australia; (M.R.); (H.B.); (K.H.); (G.S.B.); (A.J.P.); (P.-J.W.)
| | - Alkis James Psaltis
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AS 5011, Australia; (M.R.); (H.B.); (K.H.); (G.S.B.); (A.J.P.); (P.-J.W.)
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AS 5011, Australia; (M.R.); (H.B.); (K.H.); (G.S.B.); (A.J.P.); (P.-J.W.)
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AS 5011, Australia; (M.R.); (H.B.); (K.H.); (G.S.B.); (A.J.P.); (P.-J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +618-8222-7158; Fax: +618-8222-7419
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18
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Chen Q, Tan KS, Liu J, Ong HH, Zhou S, Huang H, Chen H, Ong YK, Thong M, Chow VT, Qiu Q, Wang DY. Host Antiviral Response Suppresses Ciliogenesis and Motile Ciliary Functions in the Nasal Epithelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581340. [PMID: 33409274 PMCID: PMC7779769 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory viral infections are one of the main drivers of development and exacerbation for chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Increased viral susceptibility and impaired mucociliary clearance are often associated with chronic airway inflammatory diseases and served as risk factors of exacerbations. However, the links between viral susceptibility, viral clearance, and impaired mucociliary functions are unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study is to provide the insights into the effects of improper clearance of respiratory viruses from the epithelium following infection, and their resulting persistent activation of antiviral response, on mucociliary functions. Methods In order to investigate the effects of persistent antiviral responses triggered by viral components from improper clearance on cilia formation and function, we established an in vitro air–liquid interface (ALI) culture of human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) and used Poly(I:C) as a surrogate of viral components to simulate their effects toward re-epithelization and mucociliary functions of the nasal epithelium following damages from a viral infection. Results Through previous and current viral infection expression data, we found that respiratory viral infection of hNECs downregulated motile cilia gene expression. We then further tested the effects of antiviral response activation on the differentiation of hNECs using Poly(I:C) stimulation on differentiating human nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (hNESPCs). Using this model, we observed reduced ciliated cell differentiation compared to goblet cells, reduced protein and mRNA in ciliogenesis-associated markers, and increased mis-assembly and mis-localization of ciliary protein DNAH5 following treatment with 25 μg/ml Poly(I:C) in differentiating hNECs. Additionally, the cilia length and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) were also decreased, which suggest impairment of ciliary function as well. Conclusion Our results suggest that the impairments of ciliogenesis and ciliary function in hNECs may be triggered by specific expression of host antiviral response genes during re-epithelization of the nasal epithelium following viral infection. This event may in turn drive the development and exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suizi Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongming Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailing Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yew Kwang Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Thong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qianhui Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Gamage AM, Tan KS, Chan WOY, Liu J, Tan CW, Ong YK, Thong M, Andiappan AK, Anderson DE, Wang DY, Wang LF. Infection of human Nasal Epithelial Cells with SARS-CoV-2 and a 382-nt deletion isolate lacking ORF8 reveals similar viral kinetics and host transcriptional profiles. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009130. [PMID: 33284849 PMCID: PMC7746279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global healthcare and economic catastrophe. Understanding of the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is still in its infancy. A 382-nt deletion strain lacking ORF8 (Δ382 herein) was isolated in Singapore in March 2020. Infection with Δ382 was associated with less severe disease in patients, compared to infection with wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Here, we established Nasal Epithelial cells (NECs) differentiated from healthy nasal-tissue derived stem cells as a suitable model for the ex-vivo study of SARS-CoV-2 mediated pathogenesis. Infection of NECs with either SARS-CoV-2 or Δ382 resulted in virus particles released exclusively from the apical side, with similar replication kinetics. Screening of a panel of 49 cytokines for basolateral secretion from infected NECs identified CXCL10 as the only cytokine significantly induced upon infection, at comparable levels in both wild-type and Δ382 infected cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed the temporal up-regulation of distinct gene subsets during infection, with anti-viral signaling pathways only detected at late time-points (72 hours post-infection, hpi). This immune response to SARS-CoV-2 was significantly attenuated when compared to infection with an influenza strain, H3N2, which elicited an inflammatory response within 8 hpi, and a greater magnitude of anti-viral gene up-regulation at late time-points. Remarkably, Δ382 induced a host transcriptional response nearly identical to that of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 at every post-infection time-point examined. In accordance with previous results, Δ382 infected cells showed an absence of transcripts mapping to ORF8, and conserved expression of other SARS-CoV-2 genes. Our findings shed light on the airway epithelial response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and demonstrate a non-essential role for ORF8 in modulating host gene expression and cytokine production from infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshamal M. Gamage
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wharton O. Y. Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yew Kwang Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, National University Health System, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mark Thong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, National University Health System, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore
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20
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Panchatcharam BS, Cooksley CM, Ramezanpour M, Vediappan RS, Bassiouni A, Wormald PJ, Psaltis AJ, Vreugde S. Staphylococcus aureus
biofilm exoproteins are cytotoxic to human nasal epithelial barrier in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 10:871-883. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.22566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beula Subashini Panchatcharam
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Clare M. Cooksley
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Rajan Sundaresan Vediappan
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Ahmed Bassiouni
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Peter J. Wormald
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Alkis J. Psaltis
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
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21
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Sub-Inhibitory Clindamycin and Azithromycin reduce S. aureus Exoprotein Induced Toxicity, Inflammation, Barrier Disruption and Invasion. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101617. [PMID: 31590226 PMCID: PMC6832279 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is defined as a chronic inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinus mucosa associated with relapsing infections—particularly with S. aureus. Long-term treatments with protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics have been proposed to reduce inflammation in the context chronic severe inflammatory airway pathologies, including CRS. This study assessed the effect of subinhibitory clindamycin and azithromycin on S. aureus exoprotein induced inflammation, toxicity and invasiveness. Methods: S. aureus ATCC51650 and two clinical isolates grown in planktonic and biofilm form were treated with subinhibitory clindamycin and azithromycin. Exoproteins were collected and applied to primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) in monolayers and at air-liquid interface. This was followed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and paracellular permeability assays to assess the effect on cell toxicity, inflammatory cytokine production and mucosal barrier structure and function, respectively. The effect of these treatments was tested as well on the S. aureus invasiveness of HNECs. Results: Subinhibitory clindamycin reduced S. aureus exoprotein production in planktonic and biofilm form, thereby blocking exoprotein-induced toxicity, reversing its detrimental effects on mucosal barrier structure and function and modulating its inflammatory properties. Sub-inhibitory azithromycin had similar effects—albeit to a lesser extent. Furthermore, clindamycin—but not azithromycin—treated S. aureus lost its invasive capacity of HNECs. Conclusion: Subinhibitory clindamycin and azithromycin reduce S. aureus exoprotein production, thereby modulating the inflammatory cascade by reducing exoprotein-induced toxicity, inflammation, mucosal barrier disruption and invasiveness.
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22
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Bennett C, Ramezanpour M, Cooksley C, Vreugde S, Psaltis AJ. Kappa-carrageenan sinus rinses reduce inflammation and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus infection in airway epithelial cells. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019; 9:918-925. [PMID: 31162892 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease, often refractory to conventional antimicrobial treatment. In this study we investigate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of adding kappa-carrageenan to a commercially available sinus rinse. METHODS Kappa-carrageenan was added to Flo CRS and Flo Sinus Care sinus rinses and applied directly to air-liquid interface cultured primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) from 10 CRS patients. Inflammatory markers were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kappa-carrageenan-supplemented sinus rinses were applied to human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs) in the presence of different Staphylococcus aureus strains to observe the effect on intracellular infection rates. RESULTS Flo Sinus Care with kappa-carrageenan rinse solutions resulted in a marked reduction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by HNECs from CRS patients (p = 0.007). Both Flo CRS and Flo Sinus Care rinses significantly reduced the S aureus intracellular infection of HBEs (p < 0.0001). The addition of kappa-carrageenan to both Flo CRS and Flo Sinus Care rinses further reduced the intracellular infection rate by an average of 2%. CONCLUSIONS The commonly used sinus irrigation product Flo Sinus Care with added kappa-carrageenan reduces IL-6 production by HNECs in vitro. Flo CRS and Flo Sinus Care rinses significantly reduced S aureus intracellular infection rates of HBE cells. Our findings may have clinical relevance for CRS patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bennett
- Department of Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Clare Cooksley
- Department of Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alkis James Psaltis
- Department of Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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23
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Deferiprone has anti-inflammatory properties and reduces fibroblast migration in vitro. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2378. [PMID: 30787349 PMCID: PMC6382764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal wound healing is a highly regulated and coordinated process. However, tissue injury often results in inflammation with excessive scar tissue formation after 40-70% of operations. Here, we evaluated the effect of the iron chelator deferiprone on inflammation and the migration of primary nasal fibroblasts and primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) in vitro. The cytotoxicity of deferiprone was examined by the lactate dehydrogenase assay on primary nasal fibroblasts and air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of HNECs. Wound closure was observed in scratch assays by using time-lapse confocal scanning laser microscopy. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and type I and III collagen protein levels were determined by ELISA. Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) activity was measured by utilizing the fluorescent probe H2DCFDA. Deferiprone at 10 mM concentration was non-toxic to primary fibroblasts and HNECs for up to 48 hours application. Deferiprone had significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the migration, secreted collagen production and ROS release by primary nasal fibroblasts. Deferiprone blocked Poly (I:C)-induced IL-6 production by HNECs but did not alter their migration in scratch assays. Deferiprone has the potential to limit scar tissue formation and should be considered in future clinical applications.
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24
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Cherian LM, Cooksley C, Richter K, Ramezanpour M, Paramasivan S, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S, Psaltis AJ. Effect of commercial nasal steroid preparation on bacterial growth. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019; 9:766-775. [PMID: 30748102 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical budesonide (Pulmicort; AstraZeneca AB, Sodertalje, Sweden) is commonly used in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Although its use is due to its perceived anti-inflammatory effect, studies have suggested that it may also have antibacterial properties. To make the hydrophobic steroid molecule suitable for topical administration, pharmaceutical excipients are used in commercial steroid formulations. Herein we investigated the antibacterial action of commercial budesonide and its excipients. METHODS Planktonic and biofilm forms of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were treated with Pulmicort or its excipients at clinically relevant concentrations. Bacterial growth was determined by optical density, resazurin assays, colony-forming unit counts, and Giemsa staining. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies assessed excipients' potentiation of antibiotics. Experiments were conducted in triplicate and results analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS There was significant reduction in planktonic and biofilm growth of S aureus and MRSA on exposure to budesonide (p < 0.0001) and its excipients (p < 0.0001). Excipient ethylene diamine-tetraactic acid (EDTA) demonstrated an antibacterial property even at the low concentrations used in topical preparations (p < 0.0001). With amoxicillin, excipients exhibited a potential additive/synergistic effect on MIC, whereas erythromycin and aminoglycosides showed an antagonistic action. CONCLUSION The commercial product Pulmicort has a direct antibacterial effect on the planktonic and biofilm forms of S aureus and MRSA. This effect is at least in part mediated through the excipient EDTA in the product. Excipients also influenced the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics depending on the bacterial strain and antibiotic tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mary Cherian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Clare Cooksley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Katharina Richter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Sathish Paramasivan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Alkis James Psaltis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville South, SA, Australia
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25
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Ramezanpour M, Bolt H, Psaltis A, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S. Inducing a Mucosal Barrier-Sparing Inflammatory Response in Laboratory-Grown Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 80:e69. [PMID: 30715797 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we use the toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 agonist poly I:C (LMW) to induce an inflammatory response in cells of submerged and/or air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). The inflammatory response is determined by measuring interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mucosal barrier integrity is determined by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and passage of fluorescently labeled dextrans. Stimulation with poly (I:C) LMW induces a 15- to 17-fold increase in IL-6 production by HNEC-ALI cells. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Harrison Bolt
- Department of Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alkis Psaltis
- Department of Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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