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Wendong Y, Xingxing Y, Xianze X, Qiaomei F, Yujun S, Shanshan Z, Zheng S, Hairu X. Nanoformulation-assisted microneedle transdermal drug delivery system: An innovative platform enhancing rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117219. [PMID: 39084080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A transdermal delivery system offers high bioavailability and favorable patient adherence, constituting an optimal approach for localized administration in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. However, the stratum corneum (SC) impedes the delivery efficiency of conventional transdermal drug delivery systems. Microneedles (MNs) can temporarily create micropores within the SC, enabling drug distribution via bypassing this barrier and enhancing transdermal delivery effectiveness. Notably, MNs provide a painless method of drug delivery through the skin and may directly modulate inflammation in immune cells by delivering drugs via the lymphatic system during transdermal administration. However, the MN delivery system is not suitable for drugs with low water solubility and stability. Additionally, major concerns exist regarding the safety of using MN delivery for highly cytotoxic drugs, given that it could result in high local drug concentration at the delivery site. While MNs exhibit some degree of targeted delivery to the immune and inflammatory environment, their targeting efficiency remains suboptimal. Nanoformulations have the potential to significantly address the limitations of MNs in RA treatment by improving drug targeting, solubility, stability, and biocompatibility. Therefore, this review provides a concise overview of the advantages, disadvantages, and mechanisms of different types of MNs for RA treatment. It specifically focuses on the application and advantages of combining nanoformulation with MNs for RA treatment and summarizes the current trends in the development of nanoformulations combined with MNs in the field of RA treatment, offering theoretical support for future advancements and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wendong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yan Xingxing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xie Xianze
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fan Qiaomei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shan Yujun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhou Shanshan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shi Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Xu Hairu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310018, China.
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2
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Isaac I, Bhatia M, Bhattacharya C. Recent Advances in Biomaterials for mRNA Delivery to Immune Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39058246 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Modulating the function of immune cells by targeting the cells themselves has become a key strategy in immunotherapy for combating various diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious ailments. The use of mRNA (mRNA) is a powerful tool for transiently inducing protein expression, which is often used for genetic manipulation. However, its inherent instability and inability to precisely reach target cells necessitate the use of biomaterials for safe and effective delivery. Additionally, transfecting immune cells is difficult and complex due to their resistance mechanisms, signaling pathways, and cellular interactions. This review focuses on the recent development of biomaterials for mRNA delivery to immune cells, including lipid nanoparticles and polymeric carriers. It also outlines the challenges of targeting and delivering therapeutic payloads to immune cells, providing commentary and outlook on the design of next-generation materials. Finally, this approach has the potential to significantly enhance the precision and effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for various diseases, shaping the future of mRNA delivery for immune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Isaac
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada─Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Mayurakkhi Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada─Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Chandrabali Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada─Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Nevada─Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
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3
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Karimzadeh F, Soltani Fard E, Nadi A, Malekzadeh R, Elahian F, Mirzaei SA. Advances in skin gene therapy: utilizing innovative dressing scaffolds for wound healing, a comprehensive review. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6033-6062. [PMID: 38887828 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00966e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The skin, serving as the body's outermost layer, boasts a vast area and intricate structure, functioning as the primary barrier against external threats. Disruptions in the composition and functionality of the skin can lead to a diverse array of skin conditions, such as wounds, burns, and diabetic ulcers, along with inflammatory disorders, infections, and various types of skin cancer. These disorders not only exacerbate concerns regarding skin health and beauty but also have a significant impact on mental well-being. Due to the complexity of these disorders, conventional treatments often prove insufficient, necessitating the exploration of new therapeutic approaches. Researchers develop new therapies by deciphering these intricacies and gaining a thorough understanding of the protein networks and molecular processes in skin. A new window of opportunity has opened up for improving wound healing processes because of recent advancements in skin gene therapy. To enhance skin regeneration and healing, this extensive review investigates the use of novel dressing scaffolds in conjunction with gene therapy approaches. Scaffolds that do double duty as wound protectors and vectors for therapeutic gene delivery are being developed using innovative biomaterials. To improve cellular responses and speed healing, these state-of-the-art scaffolds allow for the targeted delivery and sustained release of genetic material. The most recent developments in gene therapy techniques include RNA interference, CRISPR-based gene editing, and the utilization of viral and non-viral vectors in conjunction with scaffolds, which were reviewed here to overcome skin disorders and wound complications. In the future, there will be rare chances to develop custom methods for skin health care thanks to the combination of modern technology and collaboration among disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karimzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Elahe Soltani Fard
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Akram Nadi
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Rahim Malekzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Elahian
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Seyed Abbas Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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4
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G Popova P, Chen SP, Liao S, Sadarangani M, Blakney AK. Clinical perspective on topical vaccination strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115292. [PMID: 38522725 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most successful measures in modern medicine to combat diseases, especially infectious diseases, and saves millions of lives every year. Vaccine design and development remains critical and involves many aspects, including the choice of platform, antigen, adjuvant, and route of administration. Topical vaccination, defined herein as the introduction of a vaccine to any of the three layers of the human skin, has attracted interest in recent years as an alternative vaccination approach to the conventional intramuscular administration because of its potential to be needle-free and induce a superior immune response against pathogens. In this review, we describe recent progress in developing topical vaccines, highlight progress in the development of delivery technologies for topical vaccines, discuss potential factors that might impact the topical vaccine efficacy, and provide an overview of the current clinical landscape of topical vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya G Popova
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B9, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sunny P Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B9, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Suiyang Liao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B9, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada
| | - Anna K Blakney
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B9, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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5
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Bitounis D, Jacquinet E, Rogers MA, Amiji MM. Strategies to reduce the risks of mRNA drug and vaccine toxicity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:281-300. [PMID: 38263456 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
mRNA formulated with lipid nanoparticles is a transformative technology that has enabled the rapid development and administration of billions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine doses worldwide. However, avoiding unacceptable toxicity with mRNA drugs and vaccines presents challenges. Lipid nanoparticle structural components, production methods, route of administration and proteins produced from complexed mRNAs all present toxicity concerns. Here, we discuss these concerns, specifically how cell tropism and tissue distribution of mRNA and lipid nanoparticles can lead to toxicity, and their possible reactogenicity. We focus on adverse events from mRNA applications for protein replacement and gene editing therapies as well as vaccines, tracing common biochemical and cellular pathways. The potential and limitations of existing models and tools used to screen for on-target efficacy and de-risk off-target toxicity, including in vivo and next-generation in vitro models, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Bitounis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Vander Straeten A, Sarmadi M, Daristotle JL, Kanelli M, Tostanoski LH, Collins J, Pardeshi A, Han J, Varshney D, Eshaghi B, Garcia J, Forster TA, Li G, Menon N, Pyon SL, Zhang L, Jacob-Dolan C, Powers OC, Hall K, Alsaiari SK, Wolf M, Tibbitt MW, Farra R, Barouch DH, Langer R, Jaklenec A. A microneedle vaccine printer for thermostable COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:510-517. [PMID: 37095347 PMCID: PMC10593912 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Decentralized manufacture of thermostable mRNA vaccines in a microneedle patch (MNP) format could enhance vaccine access in low-resource communities by eliminating the need for a cold chain and trained healthcare personnel. Here we describe an automated process for printing MNP Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines in a standalone device. The vaccine ink is composed of lipid nanoparticles loaded with mRNA and a dissolvable polymer blend that was optimized for high bioactivity by screening formulations in vitro. We demonstrate that the resulting MNPs are shelf stable for at least 6 months at room temperature when assessed using a model mRNA construct. Vaccine loading efficiency and microneedle dissolution suggest that efficacious, microgram-scale doses of mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles could be delivered with a single patch. Immunizations in mice using manually produced MNPs with mRNA encoding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein receptor-binding domain stimulate long-term immune responses similar to those of intramuscular administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Vander Straeten
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Morteza Sarmadi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John L Daristotle
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria Kanelli
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lisa H Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joe Collins
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Apurva Pardeshi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jooli Han
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dhruv Varshney
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Behnaz Eshaghi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johnny Garcia
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Timothy A Forster
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gary Li
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nandita Menon
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sydney L Pyon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linzixuan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olivia C Powers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Hall
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shahad K Alsaiari
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Morris Wolf
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark W Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ana Jaklenec
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Amir N, Taube R. Role of long noncoding RNA in regulating HIV infection-a comprehensive review. mBio 2024; 15:e0192523. [PMID: 38179937 PMCID: PMC10865847 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01925-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A complete cure against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains out of reach, as the virus persists in stable cell reservoirs that are resistant to antiretroviral therapy. The key to eliminating these reservoirs lies in deciphering the processes that govern viral gene expression and latency. However, while we comprehensively understand how host proteins influence HIV gene expression and viral latency, the emerging role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the context of T cell activation, HIV gene expression, and viral latency remain unexplored. This review dives into the evolving significance of lncRNAs and their impact on HIV gene expression and viral latency. We provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding how lncRNAs regulate HIV gene expression, categorizing them as either activators or inhibitors of viral gene expression and infectivity. Furthermore, we offer insights into the potential therapeutic applications of lncRNAs in combatting HIV. A deeper understanding of how lncRNAs modulate HIV gene transcription holds promise for developing novel RNA-based therapies to complement existing treatment strategies to eradicate HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Amir
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Negev, Israel
| | - Ran Taube
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Negev, Israel
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8
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Ando D, Miyatsuji M, Sakoda H, Yamamoto E, Miyazaki T, Koide T, Sato Y, Izutsu KI. Mechanical Characterization of Dissolving Microneedles: Factors Affecting Physical Strength of Needles. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:200. [PMID: 38399254 PMCID: PMC10893124 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissolving microneedles (MNs) are novel transdermal drug delivery systems that can be painlessly self-administered. This study investigated the effects of experimental conditions on the mechanical characterization of dissolving MNs for quality evaluation. Micromolding was used to fabricate polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based dissolving MN patches with eight different cone-shaped geometries. Axial force mechanical characterization test conditions, in terms of compression speed and the number of compression needles per test, significantly affected the needle fracture force of dissolving MNs. Characterization using selected test conditions clearly showed differences in the needle fracture force of dissolving MNs prepared under various conditions. PVA-based MNs were divided into two groups that showed buckling and unbuckling deformation, which occurred at aspect ratios (needle height/base diameter) of 2.8 and 1.8, respectively. The needle fracture force of PVA-based MNs was negatively correlated with an increase in the needle's aspect ratio. Higher residual water or higher loading of lidocaine hydrochloride significantly decreased the needle fracture force. Therefore, setting appropriate methods and parameters for characterizing the mechanical properties of dissolving MNs should contribute to the development and supply of appropriate products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ando
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Miyatsuji
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Division of Medical Devices, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eiichi Yamamoto
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Medical Devices, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tamaki Miyazaki
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Koide
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Izutsu
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
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9
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Nainggolan ADC, Anjani QK, Hartrianti P, Donnelly RF, Kurniawan A, Ramadon D. Microneedle-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Genetic Materials, Stem Cells, and Secretome: An Update and Progression. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2767. [PMID: 38140107 PMCID: PMC10747930 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical practitioners commonly use oral and parenteral dosage forms to administer drugs to patients. However, these forms have certain drawbacks, particularly concerning patients' comfort and compliance. Transdermal drug delivery presents a promising solution to address these issues. Nevertheless, the stratum corneum, as the outermost skin layer, can impede drug permeation, especially for macromolecules, genetic materials, stem cells, and secretome. Microneedles, a dosage form for transdermal delivery, offer an alternative approach, particularly for biopharmaceutical products. In this review, the authors will examine the latest research on microneedle formulations designed to deliver genetic materials, stem cells, and their derivatives. Numerous studies have explored different types of microneedles and evaluated their ability to deliver these products using preclinical models. Some of these investigations have compared microneedles with conventional dosage forms, demonstrating their significant potential for advancing the development of biotherapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (Q.K.A.); (R.F.D.)
| | - Pietradewi Hartrianti
- School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute of Life Sciences, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia;
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (Q.K.A.); (R.F.D.)
| | - Arief Kurniawan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia; (A.D.C.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Delly Ramadon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia; (A.D.C.N.); (A.K.)
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10
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Li J, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Li L, Ding D, Guo J, Zhang J, Liu H, Li Z. A transdermal drug delivery system based on dissolving microneedles for boron neutron capture therapy of melanoma. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7568-7578. [PMID: 37861462 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01262j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising therapy for malignant tumors that requires selective and high concentrations of 10B accumulation in tumor cells. Despite ongoing developments in novel boron agents and delivery carriers, the progress and clinical application of BNCT is still restricted by the low 10B accumulation and tumor-to-normal tissue (T/N) ratio. Herein, a dissolving microneedle-based transdermal drug delivery system was specifically designed for BNCT in a mouse model of melanoma. By incorporating fructose-BPA (F-BPA) into PVA microneedle tips, this system successfully delivered sufficient F-BPA into the melanoma site after the application of only two patches. Notably, the T/N ratio achieved through the treatment combining PVA/F-BPA MNs with BNCT (PVA/F-BPA MNs-BNCT) surpassed 93.16, signifying a great improvement. Furthermore, this treatment approach effectively inhibited tumor growth and significantly enhanced the survival rate of the mice. In brief, our study introduces a novel, simple, and efficient administration strategy for BNCT, opening new possibilities for the design of nanomedicine for BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Xueyi Wang
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoshuo Wang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Lanya Li
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Ding
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junshu Guo
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Huifang Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Zhenhua Li
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Bai C, Wang C, Lu Y. Novel Vectors and Administrations for mRNA Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303713. [PMID: 37475520 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
mRNA therapy has shown great potential in infectious disease vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, protein replacement therapy, gene editing, and other fields due to its central role in all life processes. However, mRNA is challenging to pass through the cell membrane due to its significant negative charges and degradation from RNase, so the key to mRNA therapy is efficient packaging and delivery of it with appropriate vectors. Presently researchers have developed various vectors such as viruses and liposomes, but these conventional vectors are now difficult to meet the growing requirement like safety, efficiency, and targeting, so many novel delivery vectors with unique advantages have emerged recently. This review mainly introduces two categories of novel vectors: biomacromolecules and inorganic nanoparticles, as well as two novel methods of control and administration based on these novel vectors: controlled-release administration and non-invasive administration. These novel delivery strategies have the advantages of high safety, biocompatibility, versatility, intelligence, and targeting. This paper analyzes the challenges faced by the field of mRNA delivery in depth, and discusses how to use the characteristics of novel vectors and administrations to solve these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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12
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Yuan Y, Han Y, Yap CW, Kochhar JS, Li H, Xiang X, Kang L. Prediction of drug permeation through microneedled skin by machine learning. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10512. [PMID: 38023708 PMCID: PMC10658566 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the skin preventing external substances from entering human body. Microneedles (MNs) are sharp protrusions of a few hundred microns in length, which can penetrate the stratum corneum to facilitate drug permeation through skin. To determine the amount of drug delivered through skin, in vitro drug permeation testing is commonly used, but the testing is costly and time-consuming. To address this issue, machine learning methods were employed to predict drug permeation through the skin, circumventing the need of conducting skin permeation experiments. By comparing the experimental data and simulated results, it was found extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was the best among the four simulation methods. It was also found that drug loading, permeation time, and MN surface area were critical parameters in the models. In conclusion, machine learning is useful to predict drug permeation profiles for MN-facilitated transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunong Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyNew South Wales2006Australia
| | - Yiting Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health677 Huntington AvenueBostonMassachusetts02115USA
| | - Chun Wei Yap
- National Healthcare Group1 Fusionopolis LinkSingapore138542Singapore
| | | | - Hairui Li
- MGI Tech21 Biopolis Road, NucleosSingapore138567Singapore
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyNew South Wales2006Australia
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13
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Yuan M, Han Z, Liang Y, Sun Y, He B, Chen W, Li F. mRNA nanodelivery systems: targeting strategies and administration routes. Biomater Res 2023; 27:90. [PMID: 37740246 PMCID: PMC10517595 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the great success of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, mRNA therapeutics have gained significant momentum for the prevention and treatment of various refractory diseases. To function efficiently in vivo and overcome clinical limitations, mRNA demands safe and stable vectors and a reasonable administration route, bypassing multiple biological barriers and achieving organ-specific targeted delivery of mRNA. Nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery systems representing leading vector approaches ensure the successful intracellular delivery of mRNA to the target organ. In this review, chemical modifications of mRNA and various types of advanced mRNA NPs, including lipid NPs and polymers are summarized. The importance of passive targeting, especially endogenous targeting, and active targeting in mRNA nano-delivery is emphasized, and different cellular endocytic mechanisms are discussed. Most importantly, based on the above content and the physiological structure characteristics of various organs in vivo, the design strategies of mRNA NPs targeting different organs and cells are classified and discussed. Furthermore, the influence of administration routes on targeting design is highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the remaining challenges and future development toward mRNA targeted therapies and precision medicine is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujie Yuan
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Zeyu Han
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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14
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Zhang J, Li H, Albakr L, Zhang Y, Lu A, Chen W, Shao T, Zhu L, Yuan H, Yang G, Wheate NJ, Kang L, Wu C. Microneedle-enabled therapeutics delivery and biosensing in clinical trials. J Control Release 2023; 360:687-704. [PMID: 37442203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) are micron-sized protrusions attached to a range of devices that are used in therapeutic delivery and diagnosis. Because MNs can be self-applied, are painless, and can carry multiple therapeutic agents, they have received extensive attention, and have been widely investigated, for local and systemic therapy. Many researchers are currently working to extend the use of MNs to clinical applications. In this review, we provide an update and analysis on MN-based clinical trials since their inception in 2007. The MNs in clinical trials are classified into five types based on their appearance and properties, including: hollow MNs, MN patches, radiofrequency MNs, MN rollers, and other MNs. The various aspects of MN trials are summarized, such as MN types, clinical trial time, and trial regions. This review aims to present an overview of MN development and provide insights for future research in this field. To our knowledge, this is the first review focused on MN clinical trials which showcases the latest applications of this advanced technology in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Zhang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lamyaa Albakr
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Aiyu Lu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianyu Shao
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Luying Zhu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- KPC Pharmaceuticals Inc., Kunming 650106, China
| | - Gongjun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Nial J Wheate
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Chungyong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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15
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Rybak D, Su YC, Li Y, Ding B, Lv X, Li Z, Yeh YC, Nakielski P, Rinoldi C, Pierini F, Dodda JM. Evolution of nanostructured skin patches towards multifunctional wearable platforms for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8044-8083. [PMID: 37070933 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00807j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of skin patches have promoted the development of wearable and implantable bioelectronics for long-term, continuous healthcare management and targeted therapy. However, the design of electronic skin (e-skin) patches with stretchable components is still challenging and requires an in-depth understanding of the skin-attachable substrate layer, functional biomaterials and advanced self-powered electronics. In this comprehensive review, we present the evolution of skin patches from functional nanostructured materials to multi-functional and stimuli-responsive patches towards flexible substrates and emerging biomaterials for e-skin patches, including the material selection, structure design and promising applications. Stretchable sensors and self-powered e-skin patches are also discussed, ranging from electrical stimulation for clinical procedures to continuous health monitoring and integrated systems for comprehensive healthcare management. Moreover, an integrated energy harvester with bioelectronics enables the fabrication of self-powered electronic skin patches, which can effectively solve the energy supply and overcome the drawbacks induced by bulky battery-driven devices. However, to realize the full potential offered by these advancements, several challenges must be addressed for next-generation e-skin patches. Finally, future opportunities and positive outlooks are presented on the future directions of bioelectronics. It is believed that innovative material design, structure engineering, and in-depth study of fundamental principles can foster the rapid evolution of electronic skin patches, and eventually enable self-powered close-looped bioelectronic systems to benefit mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rybak
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Yu-Chia Su
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang Li
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Lv
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Modern Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhaoling Li
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Modern Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pawel Nakielski
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jagan Mohan Dodda
- New Technologies - Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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16
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Feng YX, Hu H, Wong YY, Yao X, He ML. Microneedles: An Emerging Vaccine Delivery Tool and a Prospective Solution to the Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Mass Vaccination. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051349. [PMID: 37242591 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. Protective immunity is induced when the immune system is exposed to a vaccine formulation with appropriate immunogenicity. However, traditional injection vaccination is always accompanied by fear and severe pain. As an emerging vaccine delivery tool, microneedles overcome the problems associated with routine needle vaccination, which can effectively deliver vaccines rich in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to the epidermis and dermis painlessly, inducing a strong immune response. In addition, microneedles have the advantages of avoiding cold chain storage and have the flexibility of self-operation, which can solve the logistics and delivery obstacles of vaccines, covering the vaccination of the special population more easily and conveniently. Examples include people in rural areas with restricted vaccine storage facilities and medical professionals, elderly and disabled people with limited mobility, infants and young children afraid of pain. Currently, in the late stage of fighting against COVID-19, the main task is to increase the coverage of vaccines, especially for special populations. To address this challenge, microneedle-based vaccines have great potential to increase global vaccination rates and save many lives. This review describes the current progress of microneedles as a vaccine delivery system and its prospects in achieving mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiu Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu-Yuen Wong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518071, China
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17
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Mechanistic modeling-guided optimization of microneedle-based skin patch for rapid transdermal delivery of naloxone for opioid overdose treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:320-338. [PMID: 35879533 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Naloxone, an FDA-approved opioid inhibitor, used to reverse opioid overdose complications has up till date faced challenges associated with its delivery. Limitations include the use of invasive delivery forms and the need for frequent redosing due to its short half-life. The goal of the current study was to design a transdermal rapidly dissolving polymeric microneedle (MN) patch with delivery and pharmacokinetic properties comparable to that seen with the commercially available NAL products, eliminating their delivery limitations. Patches of varying dimensions (500 µm; 100 array,800 µm; 100array, and 600 µm; 225 array) were fabricated to evaluate the effect of increasing MN length, and density (no. of needles/unit area) on drug release. Drug dose in each of these patches was 17.89 ± 0.23 mg, 17.2 ± 0.77 mg, and 17.8 ± 1.01 mg, respectively. Furthermore, the insertion efficiency of each of the MN patches was 94 ± 4.8%, 90.6 ± 1.69%, and 96 ± 1.29%, respectively. Compared to passive permeation, a reduced lag time of about 5-15 min was observed with a significant drug flux of 15.09 ± 7.68 g[Formula: see text]/cm2/h seen in the first 1 h (p < 0.05) with the array of 100 needles (500 µm long). Over 24 h, a four and ten-fold increase in permeation was seen with the longer length and larger density MN patch, respectively, when compared to the 500 µm (100 array) patch. Model simulations and analyses revealed the significance of needle base diameter and needle count in improving systemic pharmacokinetics of NAL.
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18
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Zhu T, Zhang W, Jiang P, Zhou S, Wang C, Qiu L, Shi H, Cui P, Wang J. Progress in Intradermal and Transdermal Gene Therapy with Microneedles. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2475-2486. [PMID: 36008737 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the most widely studied treatments and has the potential to treat a variety of intractable diseases. The skin's limited permeability, as the body's initial protective barrier, drastically inhibits the delivery effect of gene medicine. Given the potential adverse effects and physicochemical features of the medications, improving generic drug penetration into the skin barrier and achieving an effective level of target tissues remains a challenge. Microneedles have made tremendous improvements in aided gene transfer and medication delivery as a unique method. Microneedles offer the advantage of being minimally invasive and painless, as well as the ability to distribute gene medicines straight through the stratum corneum. Microneedles have been used to penetrate skin tissue with various nucleic acids and medicines in recent years, allowing for a wide range of applications in the treatment of skin ailments. This review focuses on skin-related disorders and immunity, and it primarily discusses the progress of microneedle transdermal gene therapy in recent years. It also complements the current major vectors and related microneedle gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei Shi
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengfei Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Ravindran A, Nirmal D, Jebalin. I. V BK, Pinkymol KP, Prajoon P, Ajayan J. InGaAs based gratings for UV-VIS spectrometer in prospective mRNA vaccine research. OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2022; 54:555. [PMID: 35912403 PMCID: PMC9321284 DOI: 10.1007/s11082-022-04002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the outbreak of the COVID-19 illness, mRNA (messenger RNA) injections proved to be effective vaccination. Among the presently available analytical techniques, UV/VIS spectrophotometry is a trustworthy and practical instrument that may provide information on the chemical components of the vaccine at the molecular level. In this paper, we will present a one-dimensional grating of InGaAs as a prospect grating structure for UV-VIS spectrometer that can be used for mRNA vaccine development. The main parameters and the wavelength region used in mRNA vaccine development lies in the range of 200 nm to 700 nm (UV-VIS Range). The incorporation of new materials that are excellent for cutting-edge semiconductor industry procedures for MEMS manufacture, as well as new optimal parameters, will improve the grating and spectrometer's performance which will enhance the mRNA vaccine development and manufacturing workflows enabled by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Hence we evaluated the feasibility of the materials, Si (Silicon), GaN (Gallium Nitride), InGaAs (Indium Gallium Arsenide) and InP (Indium Phosphide) as a grating material. Reflection spectrum of the proposed structure shows 48% increase compared to the grating made up of Silicon. In order to model wave propagation in one grating unit cell, electromagnetic waves frequency domain interface is used. The periodic constraints of floquet periodicity are used for simulation at both faces of the unit cell. The reflectance of grating with each material as functions of the angle of incidence was plotted. Also we evaluated the effect of grating thickness, groove density, spectral resolution and efficiency over different materials namely Si, GaN, InGaAs and InP. After optimizing geometric parameters, the designed InGaAs based grating achieved a efficiency of 87.45% and can be a reliable prospect for mRNA based vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Ravindran
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore and Saintgits College of Engineering, Kottayam, India
| | - D. Nirmal
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - K. P. Pinkymol
- National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - P. Prajoon
- Jyothi Engineering College, Cheruthuruthy, Thrissur, India
| | - J. Ajayan
- SR University, Warangal, Telangana India
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20
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Janowski M, Andrzejewska A. The legacy of mRNA engineering: A lineup of pioneers for the Nobel Prize. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:272-284. [PMID: 35855896 PMCID: PMC9278038 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
mRNA is like Hermes, delivering the genetic code to cellular construction sites, so it has long been of interest, but only to a small group of scientists, and only demonstrating its remarkable efficacy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines allowed it to go out into the open. Therefore, now is the right timing to delve into the stepping stones that underpin this success and pay tribute to the underlying scientists. From this perspective, advances in mRNA engineering have proven crucial to the rapidly growing role of this molecule in healthcare. Development of consecutive generations of cap analogs, including anti-reverse cap analogs (ARCAs), has significantly boosted translation efficacy and maintained an enthusiasm for mRNA research. Nucleotide modification to protect mRNA molecules from the host's immune system, followed by finding appropriate purification and packaging methods, were other links in the chain enabling medical breakthroughs. Currently, vaccines are the central area of mRNA research, but it will reach far beyond COVID-19. Supplementation of missing or abnormal proteins is another large field of mRNA research. Ex vivo cell engineering and genome editing have been expanding recently. Thus, it is time to recognize mRNA pioneers while building upon their legacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Janowski
- Program in Image Guided Neurointerventions, Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA,Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland,Corresponding author Anna Andrzejewska, NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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21
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Chandran R, Mohd Tohit ER, Stanslas J, Salim N, Tuan Mahmood TM. Investigation and Optimization of Hydrogel Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Caffeine. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:545-556. [PMID: 35485888 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is therapeutically effective for treating apnea, cellulite formation, and pain management. It also exhibits neuroprotective and antioxidant activities in different models of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. However, caffeine administration in a minimally invasive and sustainable manner through the transdermal route is challenging owing to its hydrophilic nature. Therefore, this study demonstrated a transdermal delivery approach for caffeine by utilizing hydrogel microneedle (MN) as a permeation enhancer. The influence of formulation parameters such as molecular weight (MW) of PMVE/MA (polymethyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride) copolymer and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) concentration on the swelling kinetics and mechanical integrity of the hydrogel MNs was investigated. In addition, the effect of different MN application methods and needle densities of hydrogel MN on the skin insertion efficiency and penetration depth was also evaluated. The swelling degree at equilibrium percentage (% Seq) recorded for hydrogels fabricated with Gantrez S-97 (MW = 1,500,000 Da) was significantly higher than formulation with Gantrez AN-139 (MW = 1,080,000 Da). Increasing the concentration of NaHCO3 also significantly increased the % Seq. Moreover, a 100% penetration was recorded for both the applicator and combination of applicator and thumb pressure compared with only 11% for thumb pressure alone. The average diameter of micropores created by the applicator method was 62.94 μm, which was significantly lower than the combination of both applicator and thumb pressure MN application (100.53 μm). Based on histological imaging, the penetration depth of hydrogel MN increased as the MN density per array decreased. The hydrogel MN with the optimized formulation and skin insertion parameters was tested for caffeine delivery in an in vitro Franz diffusion cell setup. Approximately 2.9 mg of caffeine was delivered within 24 h, and the drug release profile was best fitted to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, displaying Super Case II kinetics. In conclusion, a combination of thumb and impact application methods and reduced needle density improved the skin penetration efficiency of hydrogel MNs. The results also show that hydrogel MNs fabricated from 3% w/w NaHCO3 and high MW of copolymer exhibit optimum physical and swelling properties for enhanced transdermal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubhan Chandran
- Haematology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Eusni Rahayu Mohd Tohit
- Haematology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Norazlinaliza Salim
- Integrated Chemical Biophysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Tuan Mazlelaa Tuan Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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Gera AK, Burra RK. The Rise of Polymeric Microneedles: Recent Developments, Advances, Challenges, and Applications with Regard to Transdermal Drug Delivery. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:81. [PMID: 35735936 PMCID: PMC9224958 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The current scenario of the quest for microneedles (MNs) with biodegradability and biocompatibility properties is a potential research area of interest. Microneedles are considered to be robust, can penetrate the skin's deep-seated layers, and are easy to manufacture, and their applications from the clinical perspective are still ongoing with standard escalation. This review paper focuses on some of the pivotal variants of polymeric microneedles which are specifically dissolvable and swell-based MNs. It further explores the drug dissolution kinetics and insertion behavior mechanisms with an emphasis on the need for mathematical modeling of MNs. This review further evaluates the multifarious fabrication methods, with an update on the advances in the fabrication of polymeric MNs, the choice of materials used for the fabrication, the challenges in polymeric MN fabrication, and the prospects of polymeric MNs with applications pertinent to healthcare, by exclusively focusing on the procurable literature over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswani Kumar Gera
- Department of Electrical, Electronics & Communication Engineering, School of Technology, GITAM, Deemed to Be University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India;
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Intradermal delivery of mRNA using cryomicroneedles. Acta Biomater 2022; 148:133-141. [PMID: 35697200 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles can realize the intradermal and transdermal delivery of drugs. However, most conventional microneedles made of metal, polymer and ceramics are unsuitable for the delivery of mRNA drugs that are fragile and temperature-sensitive. This study explores the usage of cryomicroneedles (CryoMNs) for the intradermal delivery of mRNA molecules. Taking luciferase mRNA as an example, we first optimize the formulation of CryoMNs to maximize mRNA stability. Later, in the mouse model, we compare the delivery efficiency with the conventional subcutaneous injection for both the luciferase mRNA and COVID-19 Comirnaty mRNA vaccines, where CryoMNs delivered mRNA vaccines successfully induce specific B-cell antibody, neutralizing activity and T-cell responses. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: mRNA vaccines are fragile and temperature-sensitive, so they are mainly delivered by intramuscular injection that often causes pain and requires clinical expertise to immunize patients. Microneedles permit convenient, fast and safe vaccination. However, existing microneedle platforms are ineffective to protect the integrity of mRNA vaccines in fabrication, storage, and administration. This work utilizes cryomicroneedles (CryoMNs) technology to intradermally deliver mRNA. In the mouse model, CryoMNs are compared with the subcutaneous injection for the delivery efficiency of both the luciferase mRNA and COVID-19 Comirnaty mRNA vaccines, where CryoMNs delivered mRNA vaccines successfully produce specific B-cell antibodies, T-cell responses, and neutralizing activity. This work is expected to provide a new delivery strategy for the emerging mRNA therapeutics.
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Potential of Microneedle Systems for COVID-19 Vaccination: Current Trends and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051066. [PMID: 35631652 PMCID: PMC9144974 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and aid restoration to prepandemic normality, global mass vaccination is urgently needed. Inducing herd immunity through mass vaccination has proven to be a highly effective strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases, which protects the most vulnerable population groups that are unable to develop immunity, such as people with immunodeficiencies or weakened immune systems due to underlying medical or debilitating conditions. In achieving global outreach, the maintenance of the vaccine potency, transportation, and needle waste generation become major issues. Moreover, needle phobia and vaccine hesitancy act as hurdles to successful mass vaccination. The use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination could act as a major paradigm shift in attaining the desired goal to vaccinate billions in the shortest time possible. In addressing these points, we discuss the potential of the use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination based on the current literature.
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Nazary Abrbekoh F, Salimi L, Saghati S, Amini H, Fathi Karkan S, Moharamzadeh K, Sokullu E, Rahbarghazi R. Application of microneedle patches for drug delivery; doorstep to novel therapies. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221085390. [PMID: 35516591 PMCID: PMC9065468 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221085390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, microneedle-based drug delivery systems showed promising approaches to become suitable and alternative for hypodermic injections and can control agent delivery without side effects compared to conventional approaches. Despite these advantages, the procedure of microfabrication is facing some difficulties. For instance, drug loading method, stability of drugs, and retention time are subjects of debate. Besides, the application of novel refining fabrication methods, types of materials, and instruments are other issues that need further attention. Herein, we tried to summarize recent achievements in controllable drug delivery systems (microneedle patches) in vitro and in vivo settings. In addition, we discussed the influence of delivered drugs on the cellular mechanism and immunization molecular signaling pathways through the intradermal delivery route. Understanding the putative efficiency of microneedle patches in human medicine can help us develop and design sophisticated therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Salimi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Saghati
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Amini
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sonia Fathi Karkan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mansoor I, Eassa HA, Mohammed KHA, Abd El-Fattah MA, Abdo MH, Rashad E, Eassa HA, Saleh A, Amin OM, Nounou MI, Ghoneim O. Microneedle-Based Vaccine Delivery: Review of an Emerging Technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:103. [PMID: 35381906 PMCID: PMC8982652 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has produced a great improvement to the global health by decreasing/eradicating many infectious diseases responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Thanks to vaccines, many infections affecting childhood have been greatly decreased or even eradicated (smallpox, measles, and polio). That is why great efforts are made to achieve mass vaccination against COVID-19. However, developed vaccines face many challenges with regard to their safety and stability. Moreover, needle phobia could prevent a significant proportion of the population from receiving vaccines. In this context, microneedles (MNs) could potentially present a solution to address these challenges. MNs represent single dose administration systems that do not need reconstitution or cold-chain storage. Being self-administered, pain-free, and capable of producing superior immunogenicity makes them a more attractive alternative. This review explores microneedles’ types, safety, and efficacy in vaccine delivery. Preclinical and clinical studies for microneedle-based vaccines are discussed and patent examples are included.
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Wang Y, Jiang G. Advances in the Novel Nanotechnology for the Targeted Tumor Therapy by the Transdermal Drug Delivery. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2708-2714. [PMID: 35319394 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220321093000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite modern medicine advances greatly, cancer remains a serious challenge to world health for which effective methods of treatment have hardly been developed yet. However, throughout the recent years, the rapid-developing nanotechnology has provided a new outlook of cancer therapy by transdermal drug delivery. By disrupting the stratum corneum, drugs are delivered through the skin and navigated to the tumor site by drug delivery systems such as nanogels, microneedles, etc. The superiorities include the improvement of drug pharmacokinetics as well as reduced side effects. This paper reviews the reported novel development of transdermal drug delivery systems for targeted cancer therapy. Advanced techniques for penetrating the skin will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Chi-na
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Chi-na
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Trends in Drug- and Vaccine-based Dissolvable Microneedle Materials and Methods of Fabrication. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 173:54-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Microneedle systems for delivering nucleic acid drugs. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022; 52:273-292. [PMID: 35003824 PMCID: PMC8726529 DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Nucleic acid-based gene therapy is a promising technology that has been used in various applications such as novel vaccination platforms for infectious/cancer diseases and cellular reprogramming because of its fast, specific, and effective properties. Despite its potential, the parenteral nucleic acid drug formulation exhibits instability and low efficacy due to various barriers, such as stability concerns related to its liquid state formulation, skin barriers, and endogenous nuclease degradation. As promising alternatives, many attempts have been made to perform nucleic acid delivery using a microneedle system. With its minimal invasiveness, microneedle can deliver nucleic acid drugs with enhanced efficacy and improved stability. Area covered This review describes nucleic acid medicines' current state and features and their delivery systems utilizing non-viral vectors and physical delivery systems. In addition, different types of microneedle delivery systems and their properties are briefly reviewed. Furthermore, recent advances of microneedle-based nucleic acid drugs, including featured vaccination applications, are described. Expert opinion Nucleic acid drugs have shown significant potential beyond the limitation of conventional small molecules, and the current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of nucleic acid therapies as a novel vaccination platform. Microneedle-mediated nucleic acid drug delivery is a potential platform for less invasive nucleic acid drug delivery. Microneedle system can show enhanced efficacy, stability, and improved patient convenience through self-administration with less pain.
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Gadziński P, Froelich A, Wojtyłko M, Białek A, Krysztofiak J, Osmałek T. Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems - recent advances and challenges. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:1167-1184. [PMID: 36348935 PMCID: PMC9623140 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Eye diseases and injuries constitute a significant clinical problem worldwide. Safe and effective delivery of drugs to the eye is challenging mostly due to the presence of ocular barriers and clearance mechanisms. In everyday practice, the traditional eye drops, gels and ointments are most often used. Unfortunately, they are usually not well tolerated by patients due to the need for frequent use as well as the discomfort during application. Therefore, novel drug delivery systems with improved biopharmaceutical properties are a subject of ongoing scientific investigations. Due to the developments in microtechnology, in recent years, there has been a remarkable advance in the development of microneedle-based systems as an alternative, non-invasive form for administering drugs to the eye. This review summarizes the latest achievements in the field of obtaining microneedle ocular patches. In the manuscript, the most important manufacturing technologies, microneedle classification, and the research studies related to ophthalmic application of microneedles are presented. Finally, the most important advantages and drawbacks, as well as potential challenges related to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gadziński
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Anna Froelich
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Monika Wojtyłko
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Antoni Białek
- Student Research Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Julia Krysztofiak
- Student Research Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Tomasz Osmałek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
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Singh P, Muhammad I, Nelson NE, Tran KTM, Vinikoor T, Chorsi MT, D’Orio E, Nguyen TD. Transdermal delivery for gene therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2613-2633. [PMID: 35538189 PMCID: PMC9089295 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a critical constituent of treatment approaches for genetic diseases and has gained tremendous attention. Treating and preventing diseases at the genetic level using genetic materials such as DNA or RNAs could be a new avenue in medicine. However, delivering genes is always a challenge as these molecules are sensitive to various enzymes inside the body, often produce systemic toxicity, and suffer from off-targeting problems. In this regard, transdermal delivery has emerged as an appealing approach to enable a high efficiency and low toxicity of genetic medicines. This review systematically summarizes outstanding transdermal gene delivery methods for applications in skin cancer treatment, vaccination, wound healing, and other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parbeen Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - I’jaaz Muhammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Nicole E. Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Khanh T. M. Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Tra Vinikoor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Meysam T. Chorsi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA ,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Ethan D’Orio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA ,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Advanced Manufacturing for Energy Systems, Storrs, USA
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA ,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, research on mRNA-based therapies has exploded, mainly because of the inherent advantages of mRNA, including a low integration probability, transient expression, and simple and rapid in vitro transcription production approaches. In addition, thanks to improved stability and reduced immunogenicity by advanced strategies, the application of mRNA has expanded from protein replacement therapy to vaccination, gene editing and other fields, showing great promise for clinical application. Recently, with the successive launch of two mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, mRNA technology has attracted an enormous amount of attention from scientific researchers as well as pharmaceutical companies. Because of the large molecular weight, hydrophilicity, and highly negative charge densities of mRNA, it is difficult to overcome the intracellular delivery barriers. Therefore, various delivery vehicles have been developed to achieve more effective mRNA delivery. In general, conventional mRNA administration methods are based on injection strategies, including intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal, and subcutaneous injections. Although these routes circumvent the absorption barriers to some extent, they bring about injection-related concerns such as safety issues, pain, low compliance, and difficulty in repeated dosing, increasing the need to explore alternative strategies for noninvasive delivery. The ideal noninvasive delivery systems are featured with easy to use, low risks of infection, and good patient compliance. At the same time, they allow patients to self-administer, reducing reliance on professional healthcare workers and interference with bodily functions and daily life. In particular, the noninvasive mucosal delivery of mRNA vaccines can induce mucosal immune responses, which are important for resisting pathogens infected through mucosal routes.Because of the potential clinical benefits mentioned above, we detailed the existing strategies for the noninvasive delivery of mRNA in this review, including delivery via the nasal, pulmonary, vaginal, and transdermal routes. First, we discussed the unique strengths and biological hindrances of each route on the basis of physiology. Next, we comprehensively summarized the research progress reported so far and analyzed the technologies and delivery vehicles used, hoping to provide some references for further explorations. Among these noninvasive routes, nasal and pulmonary delivery are the earliest and most intensively studied areas, mostly owing to their favorable physiological structures: the nasal or pulmonary mucosa is easily accessible, highly permeable and highly vascularized. In contrast, the development of vaginal mRNA delivery is relatively less reported, and the current research mainly focused on some local applications. In addition, microneedles have also been investigated to overcome skin barriers for mRNA delivery in recent years, making microneedle-based delivery an emerging alternative pathway. In summary, a variety of mRNA formulations and delivery strategies have been developed for noninvasive mRNA delivery, skillfully combining appropriate vehicles or physical technologies to enhance effectiveness. We surmise that continuous advances and technological innovations in the development of mRNA noninvasive delivery will accelerate the translation from experimental research to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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Niculescu AG, Bîrcă AC, Grumezescu AM. New Applications of Lipid and Polymer-Based Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acids Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2053. [PMID: 34959335 PMCID: PMC8708541 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids represent a promising lead for engineering the immune system. However, naked DNA, mRNA, siRNA, and other nucleic acids are prone to enzymatic degradation and face challenges crossing the cell membrane. Therefore, increasing research has been recently focused on developing novel delivery systems that are able to overcome these drawbacks. Particular attention has been drawn to designing lipid and polymer-based nanoparticles that protect nucleic acids and ensure their targeted delivery, controlled release, and enhanced cellular uptake. In this respect, this review aims to present the recent advances in the field, highlighting the possibility of using these nanosystems for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes towards combatting a broad range of infectious, chronic, and genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.C.B.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov No. 3, 50044 Bucharest, Romania
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Steinle H, Weber J, Stoppelkamp S, Große-Berkenbusch K, Golombek S, Weber M, Canak-Ipek T, Trenz SM, Schlensak C, Avci-Adali M. Delivery of synthetic mRNAs for tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114007. [PMID: 34710530 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nucleic acid-based therapeutics have gained increasing importance as novel treatment options for disease prevention and treatment. Synthetic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are promising nucleic acid-based drugs to transiently express desired proteins that are missing or defective. Recently, synthetic mRNA-based vaccines encoding viral proteins have been approved for emergency use against COVID-19. Various types of vehicles, such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and liposomes, are being investigated to enable the efficient uptake of mRNA molecules into desired cells. In addition, the introduction of novel chemical modifications into mRNAs increased the stability, enabled the modulation of nucleic acid-based drugs, and increased the efficiency of mRNA-based therapeutic approaches. In this review, novel and innovative strategies for the delivery of synthetic mRNA-based therapeutics for tissue regeneration are discussed. Moreover, with this review, we aim to highlight the versatility of synthetic mRNA molecules for various applications in the field of regenerative medicine and also discuss translational challenges and required improvements for mRNA-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Steinle
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Josefin Weber
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Stoppelkamp
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Große-Berkenbusch
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sonia Golombek
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marbod Weber
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tuba Canak-Ipek
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah-Maria Trenz
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Kharaziha M, Baidya A, Annabi N. Rational Design of Immunomodulatory Hydrogels for Chronic Wound Healing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100176. [PMID: 34251690 PMCID: PMC8489436 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With all the advances in tissue engineering for construction of fully functional skin tissue, complete regeneration of chronic wounds is still challenging. Since immune reaction to the tissue damage is critical in regulating both the quality and duration of chronic wound healing cascade, strategies to modulate the immune system are of importance. Generally, in response to an injury, macrophages switch from pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Therefore, controlling macrophages' polarization has become an appealing approach in regenerative medicine. Recently, hydrogels-based constructs, incorporated with various cellular and molecular signals, have been developed and utilized to adjust immune cell functions in various stages of wound healing. Here, the current state of knowledge on immune cell functions during skin tissue regeneration is first discussed. Recent advanced technologies used to design immunomodulatory hydrogels for controlling macrophages' polarization are then summarized. Rational design of hydrogels for providing controlled immune stimulation via hydrogel chemistry and surface modification, as well as incorporation of cell and molecules, are also dicussed. In addition, the effects of hydrogels' properties on immunogenic features and the wound healing process are summarized. Finally, future directions and upcoming research strategies to control immune responses during chronic wound healing are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Avijit Baidya
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Polymeric microneedles for transdermal delivery of nanoparticles: Frontiers of formulation, sterility and stability aspects. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chen J, Bian J, Hantash BM, Albakr L, Hibbs DE, Xiang X, Xie P, Wu C, Kang L. Enhanced skin retention and permeation of a novel peptide via structural modification, chemical enhancement, and microneedles. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120868. [PMID: 34242628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition with serious psychosocial consequences. Decapeptide-12, a novel peptide, has been found to be safer than hydroquinone in reducing melanin content, with efficacy up to more than 50% upon 16 weeks of twice-daily treatment. However, the peptide suffers from limited transcutaneous penetration due to its hydrophilicity and high molecular weight. Therefore, decapeptide-12 was modified by adding a palmitate chain in an attempt to overcome this limitation. Molecular docking results showed that the two peptides exhibited similar biological activity towards tyrosinase. We also tested the effect of chemical penetration enhancers and microneedles to deliver the two peptides into and through skin, using an in vitro human skin permeation method. It was shown that the palm-peptide achieved the best skin retention owing to the increased lipophilicity. In addition, skin permeation of the palm-peptides was enhanced by the chemical skin penetration enhancers, namely, oleic acid and menthol. Skin permeation of the native peptide was enhanced by the microneedle patch but not the chemical skin penetration enhancers. Cutaneous absorption of the palm-peptides was estimated to have achieved its therapeutic concentration within skin. The combinatory approach of using molecular modification, chemical penetration enhancement, and microneedle patch proves to be useful to enhanceskin permeation of the peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, JS 210009, China
| | - Junxing Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Basil M Hantash
- Escape Therapeutics Inc., 3800 Geer Road, Suite 200, Turlock, CA 95382, USA
| | - Lamyaa Albakr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, King Saud University, 11454 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David E Hibbs
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peng Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunyong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, JS 210009, China.
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Yadav PR, Munni MN, Campbell L, Mostofa G, Dobson L, Shittu M, Pattanayek SK, Uddin MJ, Das DB. Translation of Polymeric Microneedles for Treatment of Human Diseases: Recent Trends, Progress, and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1132. [PMID: 34452093 PMCID: PMC8401662 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing search for biodegradable and biocompatible microneedles (MNs) that are strong enough to penetrate skin barriers, easy to prepare, and can be translated for clinical use continues. As such, this review paper is focused upon discussing the key points (e.g., choice polymeric MNs) for the translation of MNs from laboratory to clinical practice. The review reveals that polymers are most appropriately used for dissolvable and swellable MNs due to their wide range of tunable properties and that natural polymers are an ideal material choice as they structurally mimic native cellular environments. It has also been concluded that natural and synthetic polymer combinations are useful as polymers usually lack mechanical strength, stability, or other desired properties for the fabrication and insertion of MNs. This review evaluates fabrication methods and materials choice, disease and health conditions, clinical challenges, and the future of MNs in public healthcare services, focusing on literature from the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Ranjan Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India;
| | | | - Lauryn Campbell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Golam Mostofa
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (M.N.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Lewis Dobson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Morayo Shittu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Md. Jasim Uddin
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (M.N.M.); (G.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Bhattacharya M, Lee SS. From COVID-19 to Cancer mRNA Vaccines: Moving From Bench to Clinic in the Vaccine Landscape. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679344. [PMID: 34305909 PMCID: PMC8293291 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mRNA vaccines have become a significant type of therapeutic and have created new fields in the biopharmaceutical industry. mRNA vaccines are promising next-generation vaccines that have introduced a new age in vaccinology. The recent approval of two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2) has accelerated mRNA vaccine technology and boosted the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. These mRNA vaccines will help to tackle COVID-19 pandemic through immunization, offering considerable hope for future mRNA vaccines. Human trials with data both from mRNA cancer vaccines and mRNA infectious disease vaccines have provided encouraging results, inspiring the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries to focus on this area of research. In this article, we discuss current mRNA vaccines broadly in two parts. In the first part, mRNA vaccines in general and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are discussed. We presented the mRNA vaccine structure in general, the different delivery systems, the immune response, and the recent clinical trials for mRNA vaccines (both for cancer mRNA vaccines and different infectious diseases mRNA vaccines). In the second part, different COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are explained. Finally, we illustrated a snapshot of the different leading mRNA vaccine developers, challenges, and future prospects of mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | | | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
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Jain P, Kathuria H, Momin M. Clinical therapies and nano drug delivery systems for urinary bladder cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 226:107871. [PMID: 33915179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 10th most commonly occurring malignancy worldwide with a 75% of 5-year survival rate, while it ranks 13th among the deaths occurring due to cancer. The majority of bladder cancer cases are diagnosed at an early stage and 70% are of non-invasive grade. However, 70% of these cases develop chemoresistance and progress to the muscle invasive stage. Conventional chemotherapy treatments are unsuccessful in curbing chemoresistance, bladder cancer progression while having an adverse side effect, which is mainly due to off-target drug distribution. Therefore, new drug delivery strategies, new therapeutics and therapies or their combination are being explored to develop better treatments. In this regard, nanotechnology has shown promise in the targeted delivery of therapeutics to bladder cancer cells. This review discusses the recent discovery of new therapeutics (chemotherapeutics, immunotherapeutic, and gene therapies), recent developments in the delivery of therapeutics using nano drug delivery systems, and the combination treatments with FDA-approved therapies, i.e., hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy. We also discussed the potential of other novel drug delivery systems that are minimally explored in bladder cancer. Lastly, we discussed the clinical status of therapeutics and therapies for bladder cancer. Overall, this review can provide a summary of available treatments for bladder cancer, and also provide opportunities for further development of drug delivery systems for better management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore; Nusmetic Pvt Ltd, Makerspace, i4 building, 3 Research Link Singapore, 117602, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Borah P, Deb PK, Al-Shar’i NA, Dahabiyeh LA, Venugopala KN, Singh V, Shinu P, Hussain S, Deka S, Chandrasekaran B, Jaradat DMM. Perspectives on RNA Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:635245. [PMID: 33869282 PMCID: PMC8044912 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.635245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the current outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2, vaccination is acclaimed as a public health care priority. Rapid genetic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 has triggered the scientific community to search for effective vaccines. Collaborative approaches from research institutes and biotech companies have acknowledged the use of viral proteins as potential vaccine candidates against COVID-19. Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) vaccines are considered the next generation vaccines as they can be rapidly designed to encode any desirable viral sequence including the highly conserved antigen sequences. RNA vaccines being less prone to host genome integration (cons of DNA vaccines) and anti-vector immunity (a compromising factor of viral vectors) offer great potential as front-runners for universal COVID-19 vaccine. The proof of concept for RNA-based vaccines has already been proven in humans, and the prospects for commercialization are very encouraging as well. With the emergence of COVID-19, mRNA-1273, an mRNA vaccine developed by Moderna, Inc. was the first to enter human trials, with the first volunteer receiving the dose within 10 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequencing. The recent interest in mRNA vaccines has been fueled by the state of the art technologies that enhance mRNA stability and improve vaccine delivery. Interestingly, as per the "Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines" published by the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 29, 2020, seven potential RNA based COVID-19 vaccines are in different stages of clinical trials; of them, two candidates already received emergency use authorization, and another 22 potential candidates are undergoing pre-clinical investigations. This review will shed light on the rationality of RNA as a platform for vaccine development against COVID-19, highlighting the possible pros and cons, lessons learned from the past, and the future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pobitra Borah
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam, India
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nizar A. Al-Shar’i
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Lina A. Dahabiyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Snawar Hussain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Satyendra Deka
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam, India
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Da’san M. M. Jaradat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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Fumoto S, Yamamoto T, Okami K, Maemura Y, Terada C, Yamayoshi A, Nishida K. Understanding In Vivo Fate of Nucleic Acid and Gene Medicines for the Rational Design of Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:159. [PMID: 33530309 PMCID: PMC7911509 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid and genetic medicines are increasingly being developed, owing to their potential to treat a variety of intractable diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the in vivo fate of these agents is vital for the rational design, discovery, and fast and straightforward development of the drugs. In case of intravascular administration of nucleic acids and genetic medicines, interaction with blood components, especially plasma proteins, is unavoidable. However, on the flip side, such interaction can be utilized wisely to manipulate the pharmacokinetics of the agents. In other words, plasma protein binding can help in suppressing the elimination of nucleic acids from the blood stream and deliver naked oligonucleotides and gene carriers into target cells. To control the distribution of these agents in the body, the ligand conjugation method is widely applied. It is also important to understand intracellular localization. In this context, endocytosis pathway, endosomal escape, and nuclear transport should be considered and discussed. Encapsulated nucleic acids and genes must be dissociated from the carriers to exert their activity. In this review, we summarize the in vivo fate of nucleic acid and gene medicines and provide guidelines for the rational design of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Fumoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.O.); (Y.M.); (C.T.); (A.Y.); (K.N.)
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Amani H, Shahbazi MA, D'Amico C, Fontana F, Abbaszadeh S, Santos HA. Microneedles for painless transdermal immunotherapeutic applications. J Control Release 2020; 330:185-217. [PMID: 33340568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has recently garnered plenty of attention to improve the clinical outcomes in the treatment of various diseases. However, owing to the dynamic nature of the immune system, this approach has often been challenged by concerns regarding the lack of adequate long-term responses in patients. The development of microneedles (MNs) has resulted in the improvement and expansion of immuno-reprogramming strategies due to the housing of high accumulation of dendritic cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells in the dermis layer of the skin. In addition, MNs possess many outstanding properties, such as the ability for the painless traverse of the stratum corneum, minimal invasiveness, facile fabrication, excellent biocompatibility, convenient administration, and bypassing the first pass metabolism that allows direct translocation of therapeutics into the systematic circulation. These advantages make MNs excellent candidates for the delivery of immunological biomolecules to the dermal antigen-presenting cells in the skin with the aim of vaccinating or treating different diseases, such as cancer and autoimmune disorders, with minimal invasiveness and side effects. This review discusses the recent advances in engineered MNs and tackles limitations relevant to traditional immunotherapy of various hard-to-treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Amani
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Carmine D'Amico
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Samin Abbaszadeh
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Ahmed Saeed AL-Japairai K, Mahmood S, Hamed Almurisi S, Reddy Venugopal J, Rebhi Hilles A, Azmana M, Raman S. Current trends in polymer microneedle for transdermal drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119673. [PMID: 32739388 PMCID: PMC7392082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery using microneedles is increasingly gaining interest due to the issues associated with oral drug delivery routes. Gastrointestinal route exposes the drug to acid and enzymes present in the stomach, leading to denaturation of the compound and resulting in poor bioavailability. Microneedle transdermal drug delivery addresses the problems linked to oral delivery and to relieves the discomfort of patients associated with injections to increase patient compliance. Microneedles can be broadly classified into five types: solid microneedles, coated microneedles, dissolving microneedles, hollow microneedles, and hydrogel-forming microneedles. The materials used for the preparation of microneedles dictate the different applications and features present in the microneedle. Polymeric microneedle arrays present an improved method for transdermal administration of drugs as they penetrate the skin stratum corneum barrier with minimal invasiveness. The review summarizes the importance of polymeric microneedle and discussed some of the most important therapeutic drugs in research, mainly protein drugs, vaccines and small molecule drugs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khater Ahmed Saeed AL-Japairai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Samah Hamed Almurisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Jayarama Reddy Venugopal
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Ayah Rebhi Hilles
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Science and Technology, PICOMS International University College of Medical Sciences, 68100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Motia Azmana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Subashini Raman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
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Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) are reinvigorating vaccine strategies in cancer immunotherapy. In contrast to adoptive T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, the PCV strategy modulates the innate and adaptive immune systems with broader activation to redeploy antitumor immunity with individualized tumor-specific antigens (neoantigens). Following a sequential scheme of tumor biopsy, mutation analysis, and epitope prediction, the administration of neoantigens with synthetic long peptide (SLP) or mRNA formulations dramatically improves the population and activity of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Despite the promising prospect of PCVs, there is still great potential for optimizing prevaccination procedures and vaccine potency. In particular, the arduous development of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-based vaccines provides valuable experience and rational principles for augmenting vaccine potency which is expected to advance PCV through the design of adjuvants, delivery systems, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reversion since current personalized vaccination simply admixes antigens with adjuvants. Considering the broader application of TAA-based vaccine design, these two strategies complement each other and can lead to both personalized and universal therapeutic methods. Chemical strategies provide vast opportunities for (1) exploring novel adjuvants, including synthetic molecules and materials with optimizable activity, (2) constructing efficient and precise delivery systems to avoid systemic diffusion, improve biosafety, target secondary lymphoid organs, and enhance antigen presentation, and (3) combining bioengineering methods to innovate improvements in conventional vaccination, "smartly" re-educate the TME, and modulate antitumor immunity. As chemical strategies have proven versatility, reliability, and universality in the design of T cell- and B cell-based antitumor vaccines, the union of such numerous chemical methods in vaccine construction is expected to provide new vigor and vitality in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069 Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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Xu S, Yang K, Li R, Zhang L. mRNA Vaccine Era-Mechanisms, Drug Platform and Clinical Prospection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6582. [PMID: 32916818 PMCID: PMC7554980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based drugs, notably mRNA vaccines, have been widely proven as a promising treatment strategy in immune therapeutics. The extraordinary advantages associated with mRNA vaccines, including their high efficacy, a relatively low severity of side effects, and low attainment costs, have enabled them to become prevalent in pre-clinical and clinical trials against various infectious diseases and cancers. Recent technological advancements have alleviated some issues that hinder mRNA vaccine development, such as low efficiency that exist in both gene translation and in vivo deliveries. mRNA immunogenicity can also be greatly adjusted as a result of upgraded technologies. In this review, we have summarized details regarding the optimization of mRNA vaccines, and the underlying biological mechanisms of this form of vaccines. Applications of mRNA vaccines in some infectious diseases and cancers are introduced. It also includes our prospections for mRNA vaccine applications in diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, such as tuberculosis. At the same time, some suggestions for future mRNA vaccine development about storage methods, safety concerns, and personalized vaccine synthesis can be found in the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (S.X.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kunpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (S.X.); (K.Y.)
| | - Rose Li
- M.B.B.S., School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (S.X.); (K.Y.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai 200438, China
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Kathuria H, Lim D, Cai J, Chung BG, Kang L. Microneedles with Tunable Dissolution Rate. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5061-5068. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Dennis Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Junyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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48
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A new computational method of modeling and evaluation of dissolving microneedle for drug delivery applications: Extension to theoretical modeling of a novel design of microneedle (array in array) for efficient drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 150:105339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wadhwa A, Aljabbari A, Lokras A, Foged C, Thakur A. Opportunities and Challenges in the Delivery of mRNA-based Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E102. [PMID: 32013049 PMCID: PMC7076378 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, there has been increasing focus on the use of messenger RNA (mRNA) as a new therapeutic modality. Current clinical efforts encompassing mRNA-based drugs are directed toward infectious disease vaccines, cancer immunotherapies, therapeutic protein replacement therapies, and treatment of genetic diseases. However, challenges that impede the successful translation of these molecules into drugs are that (i) mRNA is a very large molecule, (ii) it is intrinsically unstable and prone to degradation by nucleases, and (iii) it activates the immune system. Although some of these challenges have been partially solved by means of chemical modification of the mRNA, intracellular delivery of mRNA still represents a major hurdle. The clinical translation of mRNA-based therapeutics requires delivery technologies that can ensure stabilization of mRNA under physiological conditions. Here, we (i) review opportunities and challenges in the delivery of mRNA-based therapeutics with a focus on non-viral delivery systems, (ii) present the clinical status of mRNA vaccines, and (iii) highlight perspectives on the future of this promising new type of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Polylactide-Based Reactive Micelles as a Robust Platform for mRNA Delivery. Pharm Res 2020; 37:30. [PMID: 31915939 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE mRNA has recently emerged as a potent therapeutics and requires safe and effective delivery carriers, particularly prone to address its issues of poor stability and escape from endosomes. In this context, we designed poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA)-based micelles with N-succinimidyl (NS) ester decorated hydrophilic hairy corona to trap/couple a cationic fusogenic peptide and further complex mRNA. METHODS Two strategies were investigated, namely (i) sequential immobilization of peptide and mRNA onto the micelles (layer-by-layer, LbL) or (ii) direct immobilization of peptide-mRNA pre-complex (PC) on the micelles. After characterization by means of size, surface charge, peptide/mRNA coupling/complexation and mRNA serum stability, carrier cytotoxicity and transfection capacity were evaluated with dendritic cells (DCs) using both GFP and luciferase mRNAs. RESULTS Whatever the approach used, the micellar assemblies afforded full protection of mRNA in serum while the peptide-mRNA complex yielded complete mRNA degradation. In addition, the micellar assemblies allowed to significantly reduce the toxicity observed with the peptide-mRNA complex. They successfully transfected hard-to transfect DCs, with a superior efficiency for the LbL made ones (whatever mRNAs studied) showing the impact of the elaboration process on the carrier properties. CONCLUSIONS These results show the relevance and potential of this new PLA/peptide based micelle platform to improve mRNA stability and delivery, while offering the possibility of further multifunctionality through PLA core encapsulation.
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