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Safdar S, Shamim S, Khan M, Imran A, Khan MA, Ali Q, Han S. Probing Antibacterial and Anticancer Potential of Selenicereus undatus, Pistacia vera L. and Olea europaea L. against Uropathogens, MCF-7 and A2780 Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:8148. [PMID: 38138636 PMCID: PMC10746009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection is an infectious disease that requires immediate treatment. It can occur in any age group and involves both genders equally. The present study was to check the resistance of some antibiotics and to assess the antibacterial potential of three extracts of three plants against notorious bacteria involved in urinary tract infections. Along with assessing the antibacterial activity of plant extracts, we checked for the anticancer potential of these extracts against the cancer cell lines MCF-7 and A2780. Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. Determinations of total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, total alkaloid content, total tannin content, total carotenoid content, and total steroid content were performed. The disk diffusion method was used to analyze the antibacterial activity of plant extracts. Ethanolic extract of Selenicereus undatus showed sensitivity (25-28 mm) against bacteria, whereas chloroform and hexane extracts showed resistance against all bacteria except Staphylococcus (25 mm). Ethanolic extract of Pistacia vera L. showed sensitivity (22-25 mm) against bacteria, whereas chloroform and hexane extracts showed resistance. Ethanolic extract of Olea europaea L. showed sensitivity (8-16 mm) against all bacteria except Staphylococcus, whereas chloroform and hexane extracts showed resistance. Positive controls showed variable zones of inhibition (2-60 mm), and negative control showed 0-1 mm. The antibiotic resistance was much more prominent in the case of hexane and chloroform extracts of all plants, whereas ethanolic extract showed a sensitivity of bacteria against extracts. Both cell lines, MCF-7 and A2780, displayed decreased live cells when treated with plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Safdar
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China;
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Saba Shamim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Maryam Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Mudassar Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Shiming Han
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China;
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Giugliano R, Della Sala G, Buonocore C, Zannella C, Tedesco P, Palma Esposito F, Ragozzino C, Chianese A, Morone MV, Mazzella V, Núñez-Pons L, Folliero V, Franci G, De Filippis A, Galdiero M, de Pascale D. New Imidazolium Alkaloids with Broad Spectrum of Action from the Marine Bacterium Shewanella aquimarina. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2139. [PMID: 37631353 PMCID: PMC10458398 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous outbreak of drug-resistant bacterial and viral infections imposes the need to search for new drug candidates. Natural products from marine bacteria still inspire the design of pharmaceuticals. Indeed, marine bacteria have unique metabolic flexibility to inhabit each ecological niche, thus expanding their biosynthetic ability to assemble unprecedented molecules. The One-Strain-Many-Compounds approach and tandem mass spectrometry allowed the discovery of a Shewanella aquimarina strain as a source of novel imidazolium alkaloids via molecular networking. The alkaloid mixture was shown to exert bioactivities such as: (a) antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates at 100 µg/mL, (b) synergistic effects with tigecycline and linezolid, (c) restoration of MRSA sensitivity to fosfomycin, and (d) interference with the biofilm formation of S. aureus 6538 and MRSA. Moreover, the mixture showed antiviral activity against viruses with and without envelopes. Indeed, it inhibited the entry of coronavirus HcoV-229E and herpes simplex viruses into human cells and inactivated poliovirus PV-1 in post-infection assay at 200 µg/mL. Finally, at the same concentration, the fraction showed anthelminthic activity against Caenorhabditis elegans, causing 99% mortality after 48 h. The broad-spectrum activities of these compounds are partially due to their biosurfactant behavior and make them promising candidates for breaking down drug-resistant infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Giugliano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Gerardo Della Sala
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Acton, 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.D.S.); (C.B.); (P.T.); (F.P.E.); (C.R.)
| | - Carmine Buonocore
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Acton, 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.D.S.); (C.B.); (P.T.); (F.P.E.); (C.R.)
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Pietro Tedesco
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Acton, 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.D.S.); (C.B.); (P.T.); (F.P.E.); (C.R.)
| | - Fortunato Palma Esposito
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Acton, 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.D.S.); (C.B.); (P.T.); (F.P.E.); (C.R.)
| | - Costanza Ragozzino
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Acton, 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.D.S.); (C.B.); (P.T.); (F.P.E.); (C.R.)
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Morone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Valerio Mazzella
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia Marine Centre, Ischia, 80077 Naples, Italy;
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Laura Núñez-Pons
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.F.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.F.); (G.F.)
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Acton, 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.D.S.); (C.B.); (P.T.); (F.P.E.); (C.R.)
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Wang X, Yu D, Chen L. Antimicrobial resistance and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1199646. [PMID: 37389209 PMCID: PMC10306973 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1199646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rampant use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, farming and clinical disease treatment has led to a significant issue with pathogen resistance worldwide over the past decades. The classical mechanisms of resistance typically investigate antimicrobial resistance resulting from natural resistance, mutation, gene transfer and other processes. However, the emergence and development of bacterial resistance cannot be fully explained from a genetic and biochemical standpoint. Evolution necessitates phenotypic variation, selection, and inheritance. There are indications that epigenetic modifications also play a role in antimicrobial resistance. This review will specifically focus on the effects of DNA modification, histone modification, rRNA methylation and the regulation of non-coding RNAs expression on antimicrobial resistance. In particular, we highlight critical work that how DNA methyltransferases and non-coding RNAs act as transcriptional regulators that allow bacteria to rapidly adapt to environmental changes and control their gene expressions to resist antibiotic stress. Additionally, it will delve into how Nucleolar-associated proteins in bacteria perform histone functions akin to eukaryotes. Epigenetics, a non-classical regulatory mechanism of bacterial resistance, may offer new avenues for antibiotic target selection and the development of novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Donghong Yu
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Assouma FF, Sina H, Dossou AD, Socohou A, Hounsou MC, Avogbe PH, Boya B, Mousse W, Adjanohoun A, Baba-Moussa L. Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of Pathogenic Staphylococcus Species from Urinary Tract Infection Patients in Benin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:6364128. [PMID: 37223336 PMCID: PMC10202603 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6364128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococci can cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). These UTIs are among the significant causes of antibiotic resistance and the spread of antibiotic-resistant diseases. The current study is aimed at establishing a resistance profile and determining the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus strains isolated from UTI samples collected in Benin. For this purpose, urine samples (one hundred and seventy) that were collected from clinics and hospitals showed UTI in patients admitted/visited in Benin. The biochemical assay method was used to identify Staphylococcus spp., and the disk diffusion method tested the antimicrobial susceptibility. The biofilm formation ability of the isolates of Staphylococcus spp. was investigated by the colorimetric method. The presence of mecA, edinB, edinC, cna, bbp, and ebp genes was examined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that Staphylococcus species were identified in 15.29% of all infected individuals and that 58% of these strains formed biofilms. Most Staphylococcus strains (80.76%) were isolated in female samples, and the age group below 30 years appeared to be the most affected, with a rate of 50%. All Staphylococcus strains isolated were 100% resistant to penicillin and oxacillin. The lowest resistance rates were seen with ciprofloxacin (30.8%), gentamicin, and amikacin (26.90%). Amikacin was the best antibiotic against Staphylococcus strains isolated from UTIs. The isolates carried mecA (42.31%), bbp (19.23%), and ebp (26.92%) genes in varying proportions. This study provides new information on the risks posed to the population by the overuse of antibiotics. In addition, it will play an essential role in restoring people's public health and controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections in Benin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funkè F. Assouma
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Haziz Sina
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | | | - Akim Socohou
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Milka C. Hounsou
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Patrice H. Avogbe
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Bawa Boya
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Wassiyath Mousse
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Adolphe Adjanohoun
- National Agronomic Research Institute of Benin, 01, BP 884 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Lamine Baba-Moussa
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
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Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties and Potential Applications of Pseudomonas gessardii M15 Rhamnolipids towards Multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020700. [PMID: 36840022 PMCID: PMC9958974 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive opportunistic human pathogen responsible for severe infections and thousands of deaths annually, mostly due to its multidrug-resistant (MDR) variants. The cell membrane has emerged as a promising new therapeutic target, and lipophilic molecules, such as biosurfactants, are currently being utilized. Herein, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of a rhamnolipids mixture produced by the Antarctic marine bacterium Pseudomonas gessardii M15. We demonstrated that our mixture has bactericidal activity in the range of 12.5-50 µg/mL against a panel of clinical MDR isolates of S. aureus, and that the mixture eradicated the bacterial population in 30 min at MIC value, and in 5 min after doubling the concentration. We also tested abilities of RLs to interfere with biofilm at different stages and determined that RLs can penetrate biofilm and kill the bacteria at sub-MICs values. The mixture was then used to functionalize a cotton swab to evaluate the prevention of S. aureus proliferation. We showed that by using 8 µg of rhamnolipids per swab, the entire bacterial load is eradicated, and just 0.5 µg is sufficient to reduce the growth by 99.99%. Our results strongly indicate the possibility of using this mixture as an additive for wound dressings for chronic wounds.
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Synergistic Antitumoral Effect of Epigenetic Inhibitors and Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070824. [PMID: 35890123 PMCID: PMC9323654 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications could drive some of the molecular events implicated in proliferation, drug resistance and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Thus, epigenetic enzyme inhibitors could be the key to revert those events and transform PDAC into a drug-sensitive tumor. We performed a systematic study with five different epigenetic enzyme inhibitors (1, UVI5008, MS275, psammaplin A, and BIX01294) targeting either Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) 1 or 1/4, DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a), Euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), or Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), as well as one drug that restores the p53 function (P53R3), in three different human PDAC cell lines (SKPC-1, MIA PaCa-2, and BxPC-3) using 2D and 3D cell cultures. The synergistic effect of these antitumoral drugs with gemcitabine was tested and the most efficient combinations were characterized by RNA-seq. The inhibition of HDAC1/4 (MS275), HDAC1/4/SIRT1/DNMT3a (UVI5008) or EHMT2 (BIX01294) induced a significant reduction on the cell viability, even in gemcitabine-resistance cells. The combination of UVI5008 or MS275 with gemcitabine induced a synergistic effect at low concentration and the RNA-Seq analysis revealed some synergy candidate genes as potential biomarkers. Reverting aberrant epigenetic modifications in combination with gemcitabine offers an alternative treatment for PDAC patients, with an important reduction of the therapeutic dose.
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Epigenetic-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance: Host versus Pathogen Epigenetic Alterations. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060809. [PMID: 35740215 PMCID: PMC9220109 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of antibiotics, humans have been benefiting from them by decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial infections. However, in the past few decades, misuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of bacterial infections resistant to multiple drugs, a significant health concern. Bacteria exposed to inappropriate levels of antibiotics lead to several genetic changes, enabling them to survive in the host and become more resistant. Despite the understanding and targeting of genetic-based biochemical changes in the bacteria, the increasing levels of antibiotic resistance are not under control. Many reports hint at the role of epigenetic modifications in the bacterial genome and host epigenetic reprogramming due to interaction with resistant pathogens. Epigenetic changes, such as the DNA-methylation-based regulation of bacterial mutation rates or bacteria-induced histone modification in human epithelial cells, facilitate its long-term survival. In this review article, epigenetic changes leading to the development of antibiotic resistance in clinically relevant bacteria are discussed. Additionally, recent lines of evidence focusing on human host epigenetic changes due to the human–pathogen interactions are presented. As genetic mechanisms cannot explain the transient nature of antimicrobial resistance, we believe that epigenetics may provide new frontiers in antimicrobial discovery.
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Folliero V, Dell’Annunziata F, Roscetto E, Cammarota M, De Filippis A, Schiraldi C, Catania MR, Casolaro V, Perrella A, Galdiero M, Franci G. Niclosamide as a Repurposing Drug against Corynebacterium striatum Multidrug-Resistant Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050651. [PMID: 35625295 PMCID: PMC9137567 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum (C. striatum) is an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen associated with nosocomial infections. In this scenario, we screened the antimicrobial activity of the anthelmintic drugs doramectin, moxidectin, selamectin and niclosamide against 20 C. striatum MDR clinical isolates. Among these, niclosamide was the best performing drug against C. striatum. Niclosamide cytotoxicity was evaluated by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on immortalized human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). After 20 h of treatment, the recorded 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was 2.56 μg/mL. The antibacterial efficacy was determined via disc diffusion, broth microdilution method and time-killing. Against C. striatum, niclosamide induced a growth inhibitory area of 22 mm and the minimum inhibitory concentration that inhibits 90% of bacteria (MIC90) was 0.39 μg/mL, exhibiting bactericidal action. The biofilm biomass eradicating action was investigated through crystal violet (CV), MTT and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Niclosamide affected the biofilm viability in a dose-dependent manner and degraded biomass by 55 and 49% at 0.39 μg/mL and 0.19 μg/mL. CLSM images confirmed the biofilm biomass degradation, showing a drastic reduction in cell viability. This study could promote the drug-repurposing of the anthelmintic FDA-approved niclosamide as a therapeutic agent to counteract the C. striatum MDR infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Folliero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (M.C.); (A.D.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Federica Dell’Annunziata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (M.C.); (A.D.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Emanuela Roscetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.R.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (M.C.); (A.D.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (M.C.); (A.D.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (M.C.); (A.D.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Catania
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.R.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Perrella
- Division Emerging Infectious Disease and High Contagiousness, Hospital D Cotugno, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (M.C.); (A.D.F.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy;
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital, 84126 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (G.F.)
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Casein-derived peptides from the dairy product kashk exhibit wound healing properties and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus: structural and functional characterization. Food Res Int 2022; 153:110949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pironti C, Dell'Annunziata F, Giugliano R, Folliero V, Galdiero M, Ricciardi M, Motta O, Proto A, Franci G. Comparative analysis of peracetic acid (PAA) and permaleic acid (PMA) in disinfection processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149206. [PMID: 34311370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand to reduce chlorine usage and control disinfection byproducts increased the development of new strategies in wastewater treatments. Organic peracids are increasingly attracting interest in disinfection activities as a promising alternative to chlorine and chlorine-based agents. In this study, we assessed the antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) of a new organic peracid, permaleic acid (PMA) compared with the reference peracetic acid (PAA). Disinfectant properties were evaluated by i) disk diffusion agar, ii) broth microdilution, iii) antibiofilm properties. PMA demonstrated a 10- and 5-fold decrease in the microbial inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against E. coli and S. aureus respectively, compared to PAA. Results showed greater efficacy of PMA regarding wastewater (WW) and treated wastewater (TWW) disinfection at low concentrations. Furthermore, the biofilm degradation ability was only observed following PMA treatment, for both strains. Bacterial regrowth from biofilm matrix after PAA and PMA disinfection, in the absence and presence of organic matter, was evaluated. PMA was more efficient than PAA to prevent the regrowth of planktonic cells of S. aureus and E. coli. After PAA and PMA treatment, in the presence of organic matter, the bacterial regrowth inhibition was maintained up to 10 and 5 g/L, respectively. Based on these results, PMA could be used as a valid alternative to the currently used disinfection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Pironti
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Federica Dell'Annunziata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli, 16 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Giugliano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli, 16 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli, 16 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli, 16 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ricciardi
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Oriana Motta
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.
| | - Antonio Proto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
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Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Production among Clinical Strain Isolated from Medical Devices. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:9033278. [PMID: 34426740 PMCID: PMC8380152 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9033278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms pose a serious threat to patients requiring medical devices (MDs). Prolonged periods of implantation carry a high risk of device-related infections (DRIs). Patients with DRIs often have negative outcomes following the failure of antibiotic treatment. Resistant DRIs are mainly due to the MDs contamination by bacteria producing biofilm. The present study aimed to detect biofilm formation among MD bacterial isolates and to explore their antibiotic resistance profile. The study was conducted on 76 MDs, collected at University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” between October 2019 and September 2020. Identification of isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Phoenix Becton Dickinson, respectively. Biofilm-forming abilities were assessed using the tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Among the 94 MDs isolated strains, 42.7% were Gram-positive, 40.3% Gram-negative, and 17% Candida species. Among 78 bacterial strains, 43.6% were non-biofilm producers while 56.4% produced biofilms. All biofilm producing isolates were sensitive to a limited spectrum of antibiotic classes. All moderate and strong biofilm producers and 81% of weak biofilm producers were Multidrug Resistance (MDR) strains. In contrast, among non-biofilm producers, only 11.8% were classified as MDR strains. Our results highlighted that Sulfamides and Glycopeptides for the major Gram-positive strains and Fluoroquinolones, Carbapenems, and Aminoglycosides for the most represented Gram-negative isolates could be the most suitable therapeutic choice for most biofilm-DRIs.
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12
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A comprehensive review of natural products against atopic dermatitis: Flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, glycosides and other compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111741. [PMID: 34087696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is considered a great challenge for human communities and imposes both physiological and mental burdens on patients. Natural products have widely been used to treat a wide range of diseases, including cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, asthma, neurological disorders, and infections. To seek potential natural products against AD, in the current review, we searched the terms "atopic dermatitis" and "natural product" in Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science,Science Direct, Embase, EBSCO, CINAHL, ACS. The results show that many natural products, especially puerarin, ferulic acid and ginsenosides, cound protect against AD. Meanwhile, we discussed the therapeutic mechanisms and showed that the natural products exert their anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the quantity and activity of many inflammatory cell types and cytokines, including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, Langerhans cells, interleukins (ILs, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4), TNF-α, and TSLP, IgE. via inhibition of JAK/STAT, MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways, thereby, halting the inflammatory cascade. Future investigations should focus on studies with more reflective of the clinical characteristics and demographics, so as to develop natural products that will be hopefully available for the treatment of human AD disease.
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13
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Trend of Bacterial Uropathogens and Their Susceptibility Pattern: Study of Single Academic High-Volume Center in Italy (2015-2019). Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:5541706. [PMID: 34035817 PMCID: PMC8116166 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5541706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a very widespread infection that can occur in disparate age range, in both sexes and in pregnancy/menopause state. Treatment of UTIs is difficult due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The present study shows five years of data collected on patients admitted at the University Hospital "San Giovann di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona" in Salerno, Italy. The investigation exhibits the incidence of the infection, of the gender, and of the age group affected, identifying the most representative bacteria involved, drawing their profile of antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK 2 system. Among the 46382 studied patients, 9896 (21.34%) and 36486 (78.66%) were positive and negative for microorganism growth, respectively. Of 9896 positive patients, 6158 (62.23%) females and 3738 (37.77%) males were identified. The highest incidence of positive subjects (56.66%) was recorded in the elderly (>61 years). 8431 (85.20%) uropathogens were Gram-negative, 1367 (13.81%) were Gram-positive, and 98 (0.99%) were Candida species (Candida spp.). Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) were the most representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, respectively. The Gram-negative bacteria most representative were highly resistant to ampicillin, whereas among the Gram-positive bacteria, E. faecalis was highly resistant to gentamicin and streptomycin high level synergy, and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and imipenem. This retrospective work investigates the local epidemiological trend in our university hospital in order to induce an increasingly targeted empirical therapeutic approach for the treatment of UTIs.
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14
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Pignataro D, Foglia F, Della Rocca MT, Melardo C, Santella B, Folliero V, Shinde S, Pafundi PC, Sasso FC, Iovene MR, Galdiero M, Boccia G, Franci G, Finamore E, Galdiero M. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility experiences from the University Hospital 'Luigi Vanvitelli' of Naples. Pathog Glob Health 2020; 114:451-456. [PMID: 33012280 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1827197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the important pathogens worldwide showing resistance to several widely used antibiotics. This has made the treatment of MRSA infections harder, especially due to their prevalence in the hospital setting. We evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of healthcare-associated MRSA infections with a focus on Vancomycin Intermediate S. Aureus (VISA) and macrolide-licosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotypes. A total of 417 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) cases were isolated between January 2017 and December 2018, through several clinical specimens collected from the University Hospital 'Luigi Vanvitelli' of Naples. We identified bacterial strains using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) and antimicrobial susceptibility using Phoenix BD (Becton Dickinson, NJ, USA). Out of the total 417 S. aureus cases, 140 were MRSA (33.6%) and of these, 50% were soft tissue infections. All MRSA and Methicillin sensible S.aureus MSSA isolates were susceptible to linezolid and daptomycin. Two MRSA cases exhibited intermediate resistance to vancomycin and were of constitutive MLSB phenotype. Among the MRSA strains, 11.4% were constitutive and 43.6% were inducible MLSB phenotypes and 8.6% were macrolide-streptogramin B phenotype. This study characterized the epidemiological status, antibiotic resistance patterns, and current prevalent phenotypes of healthcare-associated MRSA. This knowledge can aid clinicians in improving the antimicrobial stewardship program by adapting appropriate guidelines for the proper use of MRSA antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pignataro
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital "Luigi Vanvitelli" of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - F Foglia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples, Italy
| | - M T Della Rocca
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital "Luigi Vanvitelli" of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - C Melardo
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital "Luigi Vanvitelli" of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - B Santella
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital "Luigi Vanvitelli" of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - V Folliero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples, Italy
| | - S Shinde
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples, Italy
| | - P C Pafundi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples, Italy
| | - F C Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples, Italy
| | - M R Iovene
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital "Luigi Vanvitelli" of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - M Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples, Italy
| | - G Boccia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno , Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - G Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno , Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - E Finamore
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital "Luigi Vanvitelli" of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - M Galdiero
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital "Luigi Vanvitelli" of Naples , Naples, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples, Italy
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15
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Ocular Bacterial Strains Isolated from Pediatric Patients in University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy. Int J Microbiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8847812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye infections caused by bacteria are a serious public health problem among pediatric patients. These diseases, if not properly treated, can cause blindness and impaired vision. The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the main pathogens involved in eye infections. This study involved pediatric patients enrolled at the “Luigi Vanvitelli” University Hospital of Campania in Naples, Italy, between 2017 and 2019. Of a total of 228 pediatric patients, 73 (32%) tested positive for bacterial infection. In terms of strain distribution, 85% were Gram-positive bacteria, while 15% were Gram-negative bacteria. The most frequently isolated strains were coagulase-negative Staphylococci (60.4%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.4%). The isolated bacteria showed a significant percentage of resistance to multiple antibiotics. Therefore, the identification of the causal bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity tests are mandatory to select the effective drug for the treatment of eye infections and prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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16
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Petrillo F, Pignataro D, Lavano MA, Santella B, Folliero V, Zannella C, Astarita C, Gagliano C, Franci G, Avitabile T, Galdiero M. Current Evidence on the Ocular Surface Microbiota and Related Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071033. [PMID: 32668575 PMCID: PMC7409318 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocular surface microbiota refers to the resident non-pathogenic microorganisms that colonize conjunctiva and cornea. Several studies have shown that ocular surface epithelial cells can respond selectively to specific components of ocular pathogenic bacteria by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and, in contrast, they do not respond to non-pathogenic bacteria, thus supporting the colonization by a real microbiota. However, the analysis of the ocular microbiome composition is essential for understanding the pathophysiology of various ophthalmic diseases. In this scenario, the first studies, which used microbiological culture techniques, reported a less diverse profile of the ocular microbiota compared with that recently discovered using new molecular-based methods. Indeed, until a few years ago, the microbiota of the ocular surface appeared to be dominated by Gram-positive and a few Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some fungal strains. In contrast, genomics has nowadays detected a remarkable diversity in the ocular surface microorganisms. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that the microbiota of other areas of the body, such as the gut and oral microbiota, are involved in the pathophysiology of several ophthalmic diseases. The aim of the present study is to highlight the current evidence on the ocular surface microbiota to better understand it and to investigate its potential role in the development of ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petrillo
- Section of Ophthalmology, University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Danilo Pignataro
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.P.); (M.A.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Maria Annunziata Lavano
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.P.); (M.A.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Biagio Santella
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.P.); (M.A.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.)
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.)
| | - Carlo Astarita
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Caterina Gagliano
- Section of Ocular Immunology and Rare Diseases, University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (S.A.), Italy;
| | - Teresio Avitabile
- Section of Ophthalmology, University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after HCV Clearance by Direct-Acting Antivirals Treatment Predictive Factors and Role of Epigenetics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061351. [PMID: 32466400 PMCID: PMC7352473 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) induce a rapid virologic response (SVR) in up to 99% of chronic hepatitis C patients. The role of SVR by DAAs on the incidence or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a matter of debate, although it is known that SVR does not eliminate the risk of HCC. In this review, we made an updated analysis of the literature data on the impact of SVR by DAAs on the risk of HCC as well as an assessment of risk factors and the role of epigenetics. Data showed that SVR has no impact on the occurrence of HCC in the short–medium term but reduces the risk of HCC in the medium–long term. A direct role of DAAs in the development of HCC has not been demonstrated, while the hypothesis of a reduction in immune surveillance in response to the rapid clearance of HCV and changes in the cytokine pattern influencing early carcinogenesis remains to be further elucidated. HCV induces epigenetic alterations such as modifications of the histone tail and DNA methylation, which are risk factors for HCC, and such changes are maintained after HCV clearance. Future epigenetic studies could lead to identify useful biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Cirrhosis has been identified as a risk factor for HCC, particularly if associated with high liver stiffness and α-fetoprotein values, diabetes and the male sex. Currently, considering the high number and health cost to follow subjects’ post-HCV clearance by DAAs, it is mandatory to identify those at high risk of HCC to optimize management.
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18
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Folliero V, Caputo P, Della Rocca MT, Chianese A, Galdiero M, Iovene MR, Hay C, Franci G, Galdiero M. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infections in University Hospital of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" between 2017 and 2018. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9050215. [PMID: 32354050 PMCID: PMC7277346 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common and expensive health problem globally. The treatment of UTIs is difficult owing to the onset of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The aim of this study was to define the incidence of infections, identify the bacteria responsible, and identify the antimicrobial resistance profile. Patients of all ages and both sexes were included in the study, all admitted to University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, between January 2017 and December 2018. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Phoenix BD. Among the 1745 studied patients, 541 (31%) and 1204 (69%) were positive and negative for bacterial growth, respectively. Of 541 positive patients, 325 (60%) were females, while 216 (39.9%) were males. The largest number of positive subjects was recorded in the elderly (>61 years). Among the pathogenic strains, 425 (78.5%) were Gram-negative, 107 (19.7%) were Gram-positive, and 9 (1.7%) were Candida species. The most isolated Gram-negative strain is Escherichia coli (E. coli) (53.5%). The most frequent Gram-positive strain was Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (12.9%). Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin, whereas Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to erythromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Folliero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (M.R.I.); (C.H.)
| | - Pina Caputo
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Luigi Vanvitelli of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.T.D.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Della Rocca
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Luigi Vanvitelli of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.T.D.R.)
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (M.R.I.); (C.H.)
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (M.R.I.); (C.H.)
| | - Maria R. Iovene
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (M.R.I.); (C.H.)
| | - Cameron Hay
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (M.R.I.); (C.H.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, SA 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (M.G.); Tel.: +39-338-568-3762 (G.F.); +39-081-566-5834 (M.G.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (M.R.I.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (M.G.); Tel.: +39-338-568-3762 (G.F.); +39-081-566-5834 (M.G.)
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19
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Crimi E, Benincasa G, Cirri S, Mutesi R, Faenza M, Napoli C. Clinical epigenetics and multidrug-resistant bacterial infections: host remodelling in critical illness. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1021-1034. [PMID: 32290755 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1748918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inappropriate use of antibiotics in man is driving to insurgence of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple drugs (MDR) representing a challenge in critical illness. The interaction of MDR bacteria with host cells can guide molecular perturbations of host transcriptional programmes involving epigenetic-sensitive mechanisms, mainly DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs leading to pathogen survival. Clinical evidence of epigenetic manipulation from MDR bacteria mainly arises from Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Legionella pneumophila infection suggesting possible biomarkers of disease. For example, DNA hypermethylation of E-cadherin (CDH1), upstream transcription factor 1/2 (USF1/2), WW domain containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), and mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) genes in gastric mucosa is correlated with malignancy suggesting useful biomarkers of early disease state. Moreover, upregulated circulating miR-361-5p, miR-889, miR-576-3p may be useful biomarkers to discriminate tuberculosis patients. Moreover, Listeria monocytogenes can indirectly induce H3 hyperacetylation leading to inflammation in human endothelial cells whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa excretes QS 2-AA to directly induce H3 deacetylation leading to bacterial persistence in human monocytes. Remarkably, epigenetic-sensitive drugs may aid to counteract MDR in clinical setting. Trichostatin A, a histone deacetyltransferase inhibitor (HDACi), leads to AMP β-defensin 2 (HBD2) gene up-regulation in human epithelial cells suggesting a useful 'epi-therapy' for Escherichia coli-induced intestinal diseases. We update on the most current clinical studies focusing on epigenetic changes involved in bacterial-host interactions and their putative role as biomarkers or drug targets to improve precision medicine and personalized therapy in critical illness and transplantation setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Crimi
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Ocala Health , Ocala, FL, USA
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Cirri
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Cardiothoracic Department, Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato , Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Mutesi
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mario Faenza
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples, Italy.,IRCCS Foundation SDN , Naples, Italy
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20
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Antibacterial Activity of Indolicidin-Coated Silver Nanoparticles in Oral Disease. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10051837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: In dentistry, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have progressively earned great interest as antimicrobial drugs and are widely used in several biomedical fields. Recent progress in the analysis of complex bacterial communities has demonstrated the richness of the oral microbiota and the presence of numerous previously unexplained strains. Several efforts have been dedicated to the investigation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Those peptides are a widespread group of small peptides against invading microbes. We report the production of a hybrid molecule composed of AgNPs and indolicidin, a well-known antibacterial peptide. (2) Methods: Spectroscopy and microscopy were used to analyze the optical features and to determine the size of the generated AgNPs. The AgNP antibacterial activity was evaluated versus oral Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (3) Results: The coated nanoparticles’ antibacterial activity strongly inhibited the growth of microorganisms, with very low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 5–12.5 μg/mL. We hypothesize that this effect depended on the specific characteristics of the metal surface coated with indolicidin. The second result was that the coated nanoparticles observed cellular toxicity, was lower with respect to the toxicity of peptide and the naked AgNPs when used individually. (4) New investigations regarding antimicrobial effect of AgNPs coated with AMPs in oral infections are an urgent task.
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21
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Chou WL, Lee TH, Huang TH, Wang PW, Chen YP, Chen CC, Chang ZY, Fang JY, Yang SC. Coenzyme Q 0 From Antrodia cinnamomea Exhibits Drug-Resistant Bacteria Eradication and Keratinocyte Inflammation Mitigation to Ameliorate Infected Atopic Dermatitis in Mouse. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1445. [PMID: 31849685 PMCID: PMC6901829 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease that is usually accompanied by Staphylococcus aureus infection due to cutaneous barrier-function damage. Benzenoid compounds from Antrodia cinnamomea are known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. This study sought to investigate the potential of benzenoids for treating bacteria-infected AD. The compounds were screened against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0), a key ingredient in A. cinnamomea, showed the strongest MRSA growth inhibition. We further tested the inhibitory effect of CoQ0 on planktonic and biofilm MRSA. The work was also performed to explore the potential effectiveness of CoQ0 on AD using activated keratinocytes and in vivo experimental AD mice as the models. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CoQ0 against MRSA were 7.81 μg/ml. CoQ0 was found to eradicate biofilm MRSA efficiently and reduce the biofilm thickness. CoQ0 killed MRSA by inhibiting DNA polymerase and topoisomerases. A proteomic assay showed that CoQ0 also reduced the ribosomal proteins. In the anti-inflammation study, CoQ0 was found to downregulate the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)5, and CCL17 in HaCaT cells. CoQ0 at 0.5 μg/ml could recover the filaggrin decreased by HaCaT activation to the normal control. We established a bacteria-infected AD-like model in mice using ovalbumin (OVA) and topically applied MRSA. Topical CoQ0 delivery lessened the MRSA presence in the AD-like lesions by >90%. The erythema, barrier function, and epidermal thickness of the AD-like wounds were improved by CoQ0 through the reduction of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and by neutrophil infiltration in the lesional skin. CoQ0 is therefore regarded as effective in mitigating AD symptoms associated with bacterial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Chou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Chen
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Yu Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Marine-Derived Natural Lead Compound Disulfide-Linked Dimer Psammaplin A: Biological Activity and Structural Modification. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17070384. [PMID: 31252563 PMCID: PMC6669562 DOI: 10.3390/md17070384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are considered to be valuable resources that are furnished with diverse chemical structures and various bioactivities. To date, there are seven compounds derived from marine natural products which have been approved as therapeutic drugs by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Numerous bromotyrosine derivatives have been isolated as a type of marine natural products. Among them, psammaplin A, including the oxime groups and carbon-sulfur bonds, was the first identified symmetrical bromotyrosine-derived disulfide dimer. It has been found to have a broad bioactive spectrum, especially in terms of antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. The highest potential indole-derived psammaplin A derivative, UVI5008, is used as an epigenetic modulator with multiple enzyme inhibitory activities. Inspired by these reasons, psammaplin A has gradually become a research focus for pharmacologists and chemists. To the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic review about the biological activity and structural modification of psammaplin A. In this review, the pharmacological effects, total synthesis, and synthesized derivatives of psammaplin A are summarized.
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Yang SC, Tang KW, Lin CH, Alalaiwe A, Tseng CH, Fang JY. Discovery of Furanoquinone Derivatives as a Novel Class of DNA Polymerase and Gyrase Inhibitors for MRSA Eradication in Cutaneous Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1197. [PMID: 31191504 PMCID: PMC6549599 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the primary microbe responsible for skin infections that are particularly difficult to eradicate. This study sought to inhibit planktonic and biofilm MRSA using furanoquinone-derived compounds containing imine moiety. A total of 19 furanoquinone analogs were designed, synthesized, and assessed for anti-MRSA potency. Among 19 compounds, (Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)naphtho[1,2-b]furan-5(4H)-one (HNF) and (Z)-4-(acetoxyimino)naphtho[1,2-b]furan-5(4H)-one (ANF) showed antibacterial activity superior to the others based on an agar diffusion assay. HNF and ANF exerted a bactericidal effect with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 9.7 ∼ 19.5 and 2.4 ∼ 9.7 μg/ml, respectively. Both compounds were able to reduce the MRSA count by 1,000-fold in biofilm as compared to the control. In vivo efficacy was evaluated using a mouse model of skin infection. Topical application of lead compounds significantly suppressed abscess occurrence and the MRSA burden, and also ameliorated the skin-barrier function. The biochemical assay indicated the compounds’ inhibition of DNA polymerase and gyrase. In silico docking revealed a favorable interaction of the compounds with DNA polymerase and gyrase although the binding was not very strong. The total DNA analysis and proteomic data suggested a greater impairment of some proteins by HNF than ANF. In general, HNF and ANF were similarly potent in MRSA inhibition in vitro and in vivo. The findings demonstrated that there was room for structural modification of furanoquinone compounds that could be used to identify anti-MRSA agent candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chih-Hua Tseng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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