1
|
Qi BJ, Ji MX, He ZQ. Using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) to screen genes involved in β-glucan biosynthesis and accumulation during oat seed development. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17804. [PMID: 39346057 PMCID: PMC11438436 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an annual grass that has a high nutritional value and therapeutic benefits. β-glucan is one of the most important nutrients in oats. In this study, we investigated two oat varieties with significant differences in β-glucan content (high β-glucan oat varieties BY and low β-glucan content oat variety DY) during different filling stages. We also studied the transcriptome sequencing of seeds at different filling stages. β-glucan accumulation was highest at days 6-16 in the filling stage. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected from the dataset of transcriptome sequencing. Among them, three metabolic pathways were closely related to the biosynthesis of β-glucan by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, including xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase activity, starch and sucrose metabolism, and photosynthesis. By analyzing the expression patterns of DEGs, we identified one CslF2 gene and 32 transcription factors. Five modules were thought to be positively correlated with β-glucan accumulation by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Moreover, the expression levels of candidate genes obtained from the transcriptome sequencing were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. Our study provides a novel way to identify the regulatory mechanism of β-glucan synthesis and accumulation in oat seeds and offers a possible pathway for the genetic engineering of oat breeding for higher-quality seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing jie Qi
- College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ming xue Ji
- College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhu qing He
- College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pang B, Li J, Zhang R, Luo P, Wang Z, Shi S, Gao W, Li S. RNA-Seq and WGCNA Analyses Reveal Key Regulatory Modules and Genes for Salt Tolerance in Cotton. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1176. [PMID: 39336767 PMCID: PMC11431110 DOI: 10.3390/genes15091176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The problem of soil salinization has seriously hindered agricultural development. Cotton is a pioneering salinity-tolerant crop, so harvesting its key salinity-tolerant genes is important for improving crop salt tolerance. In this study, we analyzed changes in the transcriptome expression profiles of the salt-tolerant cultivar Lu Mian 28 (LM) and the salt-sensitive cultivar Zhong Mian Suo 12 (ZMS) after applying salt stress, and we constructed weighted gene co-expression networks (WGCNA). The results indicated that photosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, membrane lipid remodeling, autophagy, and ROS scavenging are key pathways in the salt stress response. Plant-pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and carotenoid biosynthesis are the regulatory networks associated with these metabolic pathways that confer cotton salt tolerance. The gene-weighted co-expression network was used to screen four modules closely related to traits, identifying 114 transcription factors, including WRKYs, ERFs, NACs, bHLHs, bZIPs, and MYBs, and 11 hub genes. This study provides a reference for acquiring salt-tolerant cotton and abundant genetic resources for molecular breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (B.P.); (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Jing Li
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (B.P.); (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Ru Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (B.P.); (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Ping Luo
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (B.P.); (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Zhengrui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (B.P.); (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Shunyu Shi
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (B.P.); (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Wenwei Gao
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (B.P.); (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Shengmei Li
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (B.P.); (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
- College of Biotechnology, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical University, Changji 831100, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye J, Fan Y, Zhang H, Teng W, Teng K, Wu J, Fan X, Wang S, Yue Y. Octoploids Show Enhanced Salt Tolerance through Chromosome Doubling in Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1383. [PMID: 38794454 PMCID: PMC11124981 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Polyploid plants often exhibit enhanced stress tolerance. Switchgrass is a perennial rhizomatous bunchgrass that is considered ideal for cultivation in marginal lands, including sites with saline soil. In this study, we investigated the physiological responses and transcriptome changes in the octoploid and tetraploid of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. 'Alamo') under salt stress. We found that autoploid 8× switchgrass had enhanced salt tolerance compared with the amphidiploid 4× precursor, as indicated by physiological and phenotypic traits. Octoploids had increased salt tolerance by significant changes to the osmoregulatory and antioxidant systems. The salt-treated 8× Alamo plants showed greater potassium (K+) accumulation and an increase in the K+/Na+ ratio. Root transcriptome analysis for octoploid and tetraploid plants with or without salt stress revealed that 302 upregulated and 546 downregulated differentially expressed genes were enriched in genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathways and were specifically associated with the auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and ethylene pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) detected four significant salt stress-related modules. This study explored the changes in the osmoregulatory system, inorganic ions, antioxidant enzyme system, and the root transcriptome in response to salt stress in 8× and 4× Alamo switchgrass. The results enhance knowledge of the salt tolerance of artificially induced homologous polyploid plants and provide experimental and sequencing data to aid research on the short-term adaptability and breeding of salt-tolerant biofuel plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ye
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Y.); (Y.F.); (H.Z.); (W.T.); (K.T.); (J.W.); (X.F.)
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yupu Fan
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Y.); (Y.F.); (H.Z.); (W.T.); (K.T.); (J.W.); (X.F.)
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Y.); (Y.F.); (H.Z.); (W.T.); (K.T.); (J.W.); (X.F.)
| | - Wenjun Teng
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Y.); (Y.F.); (H.Z.); (W.T.); (K.T.); (J.W.); (X.F.)
| | - Ke Teng
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Y.); (Y.F.); (H.Z.); (W.T.); (K.T.); (J.W.); (X.F.)
| | - Juying Wu
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Y.); (Y.F.); (H.Z.); (W.T.); (K.T.); (J.W.); (X.F.)
| | - Xifeng Fan
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Y.); (Y.F.); (H.Z.); (W.T.); (K.T.); (J.W.); (X.F.)
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuesen Yue
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Y.); (Y.F.); (H.Z.); (W.T.); (K.T.); (J.W.); (X.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu Y, Cheng J, Hu H, Yan L, Jia J, Wu B. Genome-Wide Identification of NAC Family Genes in Oat and Functional Characterization of AsNAC109 in Abiotic Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1017. [PMID: 38611546 PMCID: PMC11013824 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The plant-specific NAC gene family is one of the largest transcription factor families, participating in plant growth regulation and stress response. Despite extensive characterization in various plants, our knowledge of the NAC family in oat is lacking. Herein, we identified 333 NAC genes from the latest release of the common oat genome. We provide a comprehensive overview of the oat NAC gene family, covering gene structure, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic characteristics, conserved motif compositions, and gene duplications. AsNAC gene expression in different tissues and the response to various abiotic stresses were characterized using RT-qPCR. The main driver of oat NAC gene family expansion was identified as segmental duplication using collinearity analysis. In addition, the functions of AsNAC109 in regulating abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis were clarified. This is the first genome-wide investigation of the NAC gene family in cultivated oat, which provided a unique resource for subsequent research to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for oat stress tolerance and provides valuable clues for the improvement of stress resistance in cultivated oat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Xu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Y.X.); (J.C.)
| | - Jialong Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Y.X.); (J.C.)
| | - Haibin Hu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juqing Jia
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Y.X.); (J.C.)
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karumanchi AR, Sivan P, Kummari D, Rajasheker G, Kumar SA, Reddy PS, Suravajhala P, Podha S, Kishor PBK. Root and Leaf Anatomy, Ion Accumulation, and Transcriptome Pattern under Salt Stress Conditions in Contrasting Genotypes of Sorghum bicolor. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2400. [PMID: 37446963 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Roots from salt-susceptible ICSR-56 (SS) sorghum plants display metaxylem elements with thin cell walls and large diameter. On the other hand, roots with thick, lignified cell walls in the hypodermis and endodermis were noticed in salt-tolerant CSV-15 (ST) sorghum plants. The secondary wall thickness and number of lignified cells in the hypodermis have increased with the treatment of sodium chloride stress to the plants (STN). Lignin distribution in the secondary cell wall of sclerenchymatous cells beneath the lower epidermis was higher in ST leaves compared to the SS genotype. Casparian thickenings with homogenous lignin distribution were observed in STN roots, but inhomogeneous distribution was evident in SS seedlings treated with sodium chloride (SSN). Higher accumulation of K+ and lower Na+ levels were noticed in ST compared to the SS genotype. To identify the differentially expressed genes among SS and ST genotypes, transcriptomic analysis was carried out. Both the genotypes were exposed to 200 mM sodium chloride stress for 24 h and used for analysis. We obtained 70 and 162 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exclusive to SS and SSN and 112 and 26 DEGs exclusive to ST and STN, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis unlocked the changes in metabolic pathways in response to salt stress. qRT-PCR was performed to validate 20 DEGs in each SSN and STN sample, which confirms the transcriptomic results. These results surmise that anatomical changes and higher K+/Na+ ratios are essential for mitigating salt stress in sorghum apart from the genes that are differentially up- and downregulated in contrasting genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Appa Rao Karumanchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522 209, India
| | - Pramod Sivan
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Glycoscience, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Divya Kummari
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India
| | - G Rajasheker
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to Be University), Guntur 522 213, India
| | - Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India
| | | | - Sudhakar Podha
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522 209, India
| | - P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang H, Han Y, Wu C, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Han Y, Wang J. Comparative transcriptome profiling of resistant and susceptible foxtail millet responses to Sclerospora graminicola infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:567. [PMID: 36471245 PMCID: PMC9724433 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Downy mildew of foxtail millet, which is caused by the biotrophic oomycete Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroeter, is one of the most disruptive diseases. The foxtail millet-S. graminicola interaction is largely unexplored. Transcriptome sequencing technology can help to reveal the interaction mechanism between foxtail millet and its pathogens. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy observations of leaves infected with S. graminicola showed that the structures of organelles in the host cells gradually became deformed and damaged, or even disappeared from the 3- to 7-leaf stages. However, organelles in the leaves of resistant variety were rarely damaged. Moreover, the activities of seven cell wall degrading enzymes in resistant and susceptible varieties were also quite different after pathogen induction and most of enzymes activities were significantly higher in the susceptible variety JG21 than in the resistant variety G1 at all stages. Subsequently, we compared the transcriptional profiles between the G1 and JG21 in response to S. graminicola infection at 3-, 5-, and 7-leaf stages using RNA-Seq technology. A total of 473 and 1433 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the resistant and susceptible varieties, respectively. The pathway analysis of the DEGs showed that the highly enriched categories were related to glutathione metabolism, plant hormone signalling, phenylalanine metabolism, and cutin, suberin and wax biosynthesis. Some defence-related genes were also revealed in the DEGs, including leucine-rich protein kinase, Ser/Thr protein kinase, peroxidase, cell wall degrading enzymes, laccases and auxin response genes. Our results also confirmed the linkage of transcriptomic data with qRT-PCR data. In particular, LRR protein kinase encoded by Seita.8G131800, Ser/Thr protein kinase encoded by Seita.2G024900 and Seita. 2G024800, which have played an essential resistant role during the infection by S. graminicola. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptome sequencing revealed that host resistance to S. graminicola was likely due to the activation of defence-related genes, such as leucine-rich protein kinase and Ser/Thr protein kinase. Our study identified pathways and genes that contribute to the understanding of the interaction between foxtail millet and S. graminicola at the transcriptomic level. The results will help us better understand the resistance mechanism of foxtail millet against S. graminicola.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanqing Han
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Caijuan Wu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaofei Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiao Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Minor Crop, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
| | - Jianming Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hidayah A, Nisak RR, Susanto FA, Nuringtyas TR, Yamaguchi N, Purwestri YA. Seed Halopriming Improves Salinity Tolerance of Some Rice Cultivars During Seedling Stage. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2022; 63:24. [PMID: 35877013 PMCID: PMC9314496 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-022-00354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saline land in coastal areas has great potential for crop cultivation. Improving salt tolerance in rice is a key to expanding the available area for its growth and thus improving global food security. Seed priming with salt (halopriming) can enhance plant growth and decrease saline intolerance under salt stress conditions during the subsequent seedling stage. However, there is little known about rice defense mechanisms against salinity at seedling stages after seed halopriming treatment. This study focused on the effect of seed halopriming treatment on salinity tolerance in a susceptible cultivar, IR 64, a resistant cultivar, Pokkali, and two pigmented rice cultivars, Merah Kalimantan Selatan (Merah Kalsel) and Cempo Ireng Pendek (CI Pendek). We grew these cultivars in hydroponic culture, with and without halopriming at the seed stage, under either non-salt or salt stress conditions during the seedling stage. RESULTS The SES scoring assessment showed that the level of salinity tolerance in susceptible cultivar, IR 64, and moderate cultivar, Merah Kalsel, improved after seed halopriming treatment. Furthermore, seed halopriming improved the growth performance of IR 64 and Merah Kalsel rice seedlings. Quantitative PCR revealed that seed halopriming induced expression of the OsNHX1 and OsHKT1 genes in susceptible rice cultivar, IR 64 and Merah Kalsel thereby increasing the level of resistance to salinity. The expression levels of OsSOS1 and OsHKT1 genes in resistant cultivar, Pokkali, also increased but there was no affect on the level of salinity tolerance. On the contrary, seed halopriming decreased the expression level of OsSOS1 genes in pigmented rice cultivar, CI Pendek, but did not affect the level of salinity tolerance. The transporter gene expression induction significantly improved salinity tolerance in salinity-susceptible rice, IR 64, and moderately tolerant rice cultivar, Merah Kalsel. Induction of expression of the OsNHX1 and OsHKT1 genes in susceptible rice, IR 64, after halopriming seed treatment balances the osmotic pressure and prevents the accumulation of toxic concentrations of Na+, resulting in tolerance to salinity stress. CONCLUSION These results suggest that seed halopriming can improve salinity tolerance of salinity-susceptible and moderately tolerant rice cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anik Hidayah
- Biotechnology Study Program, The Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Agricultural Environmental Division, Indonesian Agency For Agricultural Research and Development, Jl. Raya Jakenan-Jaken Km. 5, Central Java, 59182, Pati, Indonesia
| | - Rizka Rohmatin Nisak
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Febri Adi Susanto
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Tri Rini Nuringtyas
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Plant Stem Cell Regulation and Floral Patterning Laboratory, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yekti Asih Purwestri
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen X, Xu Z, Zhao B, Yang Y, Mi J, Zhao Z, Liu J. Physiological and Proteomic Analysis Responsive Mechanisms for Salt Stress in Oat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:891674. [PMID: 35783977 PMCID: PMC9240473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.891674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oat is considered as a moderately salt-tolerant crop that can be used to improve saline and alkaline soils. Previous studies have focused on short-term salt stress exposure, and the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in oat have not yet been elucidated. In this study, the salt-tolerant oat cultivar Vao-9 and the salt-sensitive oat cultivar Bai5 were treated with 6 days of 0 and 150 mmol L-1 salt stress (nNaCl:nNa2SO4 = 1:1). Label-Free technology was then used to analyze the differentially expressed proteins in leaves under 0 and 150 mmol L-1 salt stress. The obtained results indicated that total of 2,631 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry in the four samples. The salt-tolerant cultivar Vao-9 mainly enhances its carbohydrate and energy metabolism through the pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, thereby reducing the damage caused by salt stress. In addition, the down-regulation of ribosomes expression and the up-regulated expression of HSPs and CRT are all through the regulation of protein synthesis in response to salt stress. However, GABA metabolism presents a different synthesis pattern in Bai5 and Vao-9. The main KEGG function of differential expressed protein (DEP) in Bai5 is classified into protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, estrogen signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation, longevity regulating pathway-multiple species, arginine and proline metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, salmonella infection, chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation, and limonene and pinene degradation. Moreover, the main KEGG functions of DEP in Vao-9 are classified as ribosome and carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, GABA ergic synapse, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. The results obtained in this study provide an important basis for further research on the underlying mechanisms of salt response and tolerance in oat and other plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Chen
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhongshan Xu
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| | - Baoping Zhao
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanming Yang
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| | - Junzhen Mi
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhou Zhao
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gharaghanipor N, Arzani A, Rahimmalek M, Ravash R. Physiological and Transcriptome Indicators of Salt Tolerance in Wild and Cultivated Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819282. [PMID: 35498693 PMCID: PMC9047362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Barley is used as a model cereal to decipher salt tolerance mechanisms due to its simpler genome than wheat and enhanced salt tolerance compared to rice and wheat. In the present study, RNA-Seq based transcriptomic profiles were compared between salt-tolerant wild (Hordeum spontaneum, genotype no. 395) genotype and salt-sensitive cultivated (H. vulgare, 'Mona' cultivar) subjected to salt stress (300 mM NaCl) and control (0 mM NaCl) conditions. Plant growth and physiological attributes were also evaluated in a separate experiment as a comparison. Wild barley was significantly less impacted by salt stress than cultivated barley in growth and physiology and hence was more stress-responsive functionally. A total of 6,048 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 3,025 up-regulated and 3,023 down-regulated DEGs were detected in the wild genotype in salt stress conditions. The transcripts of salt-stress-related genes were profoundly lower in the salt-sensitive than the tolerant barley having a total of 2,610 DEGs (580 up- and 2,030 down-regulated). GO enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in biological processes associated with stress defenses (e.g., cellular component, signaling network, ion transporter, regulatory proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, hormone biosynthesis, osmotic homeostasis). Comparison of the candidate genes in the two genotypes showed that the tolerant genotype contains higher functional and effective salt-tolerance related genes with a higher level of transcripts than the sensitive one. In conclusion, the tolerant genotype consistently exhibited better tolerance to salt stress in physiological and functional attributes than did the sensitive one. These differences provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolved salt-tolerance mechanism in wild barley. The shared mechanisms between these two sub-species revealed at each functional level will provide more reliable insights into the basic mechanisms of salt tolerance in barley species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Gharaghanipor
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Narges Gharaghanipor,
| | - Ahmad Arzani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
- Ahmad Arzani, , orcid.org/0000-0001-5297-6724
| | - Mehdi Rahimmalek
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rudabeh Ravash
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bogdanović N, Hertel AG, Zedrosser A, Paunović M, Plećaš M, Ćirović D. Seasonal and diel movement patterns of brown bears in a population in southeastern Europe. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15972-15983. [PMID: 34824804 PMCID: PMC8601923 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most animals concentrate their movement into certain hours of the day depending on drivers such as photoperiod, ambient temperature, inter- or intraspecific competition, and predation risk. The main activity periods of many mammal species, especially in human-dominated landscapes, are commonly set at dusk, dawn, and during nighttime hours. Large carnivores, such as brown bears, often display great flexibility in diel movement patterns throughout their range, and even within populations, striking between individual differences in movement have been demonstrated. Here, we evaluated how seasonality and reproductive class affected diel movement patterns of brown bears of the Dinaric-Pindos and Carpathian bear populations in Serbia. We analyzed the movement distances and general probability of movement of 13 brown bears (8 males and 5 females) equipped with GPS collars and monitored over 1-3 years. Our analyses revealed that movement distances and probability of bear movement differed between seasons (mating versus hyperphagia) and reproductive classes. Adult males, solitary females, and subadult males showed a crepuscular movement pattern. Compared with other reproductive classes, females with offspring were moving significantly less during crepuscular hours and during the night, particularly during the mating season, suggesting temporal niche partitioning among different reproductive classes. Adult males, solitary females, and in particular subadult males traveled greater hourly distances during the mating season in May-June than the hyperphagia in July-October. Subadult males significantly decreased their movement from the mating season to hyperphagia, whereas females with offspring exhibited an opposite pattern with almost doubling their movement from the mating to hyperphagia season. Our results provide insights into how seasonality and reproductive class drive intrapopulation differences in movement distances and probability of movement in a recovering, to date little studied, brown bear population in southeastern Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne G. Hertel
- Behavioral EcologyDepartment of BiologyLudwig‐Maximilians University of MunichPlanegg‐MartinsriedGermany
| | - Andreas Zedrosser
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental HealthFaculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime SciencesUniversity of South‐Eastern NorwayBø i TelemarkNorway
- Department of Integrative BiologyInstitute of Wildlife Biology and Game ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Applied Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Milan Plećaš
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Duško Ćirović
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gaynor KM, McInturff A, Brashares JS. Contrasting patterns of risk from human and non-human predators shape temporal activity of prey. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:46-60. [PMID: 34689337 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal variation in predation risk arises from interactions between landscape heterogeneity, predator densities and predator hunting mode, generating landscapes of fear for prey species that can have important effects on prey behaviour and ecosystem dynamics. As widespread apex predators, humans present a significant source of risk for hunted animal populations. Spatiotemporal patterns of risk from hunters can overlap or contrast with patterns of risk from other predators. Human infrastructure can also reshape spatial patterns of risk by facilitating or impeding hunter or predator movement, or deterring predators that are themselves wary of humans. We examined how anthropogenic and natural landscape features interact with hunting modes of rifle hunters and mountain lions Puma concolor to generate spatiotemporal patterns of risk for their primary prey. We explored the implications of human-modified landscapes of fear for Columbian black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus columbianus in Mendocino County, California. We used historical harvest records, hunter GPS trackers and camera trap records of mountain lions to model patterns of risk for deer. We then used camera traps to examine deer spatial and temporal activity patterns in response to this variation in risk. Hunters and mountain lions exhibited distinct, contrasting patterns of spatiotemporal activity. Risk from rifle hunters, who rely on long lines of sight, was highest in open grasslands and near roads and was confined to the daytime. Risk from mountain lions, an ambush predator, was highest in dense shrubland habitat, farther from developed areas, and during the night and crepuscular periods. Areas of human settlement provided a refuge from both hunters and mountain lions. We found no evidence that deer avoided risk in space at the scale of our observations, but deer adjusted their temporal activity patterns to reduce the risk of encounters with humans and mountain lions in areas of higher risk. Our study demonstrates that interactions between human infrastructure, habitat cover and predator hunting mode can result in distinct spatial patterns of predation risk from hunters and other predators that may lead to trade-offs for prey species. However, distinct diel activity patterns of predators may create vacant hunting domains that reduce costly trade-offs for prey. Our study highlights the importance of temporal partitioning as a mechanism of predation risk avoidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Gaynor
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Alex McInturff
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Justin S Brashares
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bai J, Zhao J, Al-Ansi W, Wang J, Xue L, Liu J, Wang Y, Fan M, Qian H, Li Y, Wang L. Oat β-glucan alleviates DSS-induced colitis via regulating gut microbiota metabolism in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:8976-8993. [PMID: 34382058 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) worldwide, while oat β-glucan has been shown to suppress the progress of colitis in UC mice. However, the underlying mechanism of oat β-glucan in ameliorating colitis is unclear and the role of gut microbiota in the protective effect of oat β-glucan against colitis remains unknown. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effect of oat β-glucan on gut microbiota in colitis mice and explore the health effect related mechanism. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to induce the colitis model in mice. The results showed that β-glucan treatment attenuated hematochezia, splenomegaly and colon shortening in colitis mice. Histological evaluation of H&E and TUNEL staining showed that β-glucan treatment suppressed DSS-induced colonic inflammatory infiltration and reduced cell apoptosis levels of colon tissues. mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory factors were also significantly reduced in the β-glucan group. Moreover, β-glucan treatment increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of tight junction proteins. Analysis of gut microbiota community showed that β-glucan treatment modulated gut microbial composition and structure at the OTU level in colitis mice. Further analysis of gut microbial metabolism revealed that β-glucan treatment significantly increased acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations, and affected microbial metabolome in colitis mice. Notably, the increased acetate and propionate concentrations could directly affect pro-inflammatory factor expression levels and tight junction protein levels. In contrast, the changes in metabolic profiles affected pro-inflammatory factor levels and thus affected tight junction protein levels. Overall, our study revealed that oat β-glucan ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice simultaneously through regulating gut-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial metabolic biomarkers. Our study demonstrated that oat β-glucan could be an effective nutritional intervention strategy towards targeting gut microbiota metabolism for ameliorating colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- College of Cooking Science and Technology, Jiangsu College of Tourism, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Waleed Al-Ansi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China. and Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Lamei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Imin B, Dai Y, Shi Q, Guo Y, Li H, Nijat M. Responses of two dominant desert plant species to the changes in groundwater depth in hinterland natural oasis, Tarim Basin. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9460-9471. [PMID: 34306635 PMCID: PMC8293730 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Groundwater is increasingly becoming a permanent and steady water source for the growth and reproduction of desert plant species due to the frequent channel cutoff events in arid inland river basins. Although it is widely acknowledged that the accessibility of groundwater has a significant impact on plant species maintaining their ecological function, little is known about the water use strategies of desert plant species to the groundwater availability in Daryaboyi Oasis, Central Tarim Basin. This study initially determined the desirable and stressing groundwater depths based on ecological and morphological parameters including UAV-based fractional vegetation cover (FVC) images and plant growth status. Then, leaf δ13C values of small- and big-sized plants were analyzed to reveal the water use strategies of two dominant woody species (Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima) in response to the groundwater depth gradient. The changes in FVC and growth status of plants suggested that the actual groundwater depth should be kept at an appropriate range of about 2.1-4.3 m, and the minimum groundwater depth should be less than 7 m. This will ensure the protection of riparian woody plants at a normal growth state and guarantee the coexistence of both plant types. Under a desirable groundwater condition, water alternation (i.e., flooding and rising groundwater depth) was the main factor influencing the variation of plant water use efficiency. The obtained results indicated that big-sized plants are more salt-tolerant than small ones, and T. ramosissima has strong salt palatability than P. euphratica. With increasing groundwater depth, P. euphratica continuously decreases its growth status to maintain hydraulic efficiency in drought condition, while T. ramosissima mainly increases its water use efficiency first and decreases its growth status after then. Besides, in a drought condition, T. ramosissima has strong adaptability than P. euphratica. This study will be informative for ecological restoration and sustainable management of Daryaboyi Oasis and provides reference materials for future research programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Imin
- Key Laboratory of Oasis EcologyCollege of Resources and Environmental ScienceXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
- Institute of Arid Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Yue Dai
- Key Laboratory of Oasis EcologyCollege of Resources and Environmental ScienceXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Qingdong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Oasis EcologyCollege of Resources and Environmental ScienceXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
- Institute of Arid Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Yuchuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oasis EcologyCollege of Resources and Environmental ScienceXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis EcologyCollege of Resources and Environmental ScienceXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
- Institute of Arid Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Marhaba Nijat
- Key Laboratory of Oasis EcologyCollege of Resources and Environmental ScienceXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
- Institute of Arid Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vasantha Ramachandran R, Bhat R, Kumar Saini D, Ghosh A. Theragnostic nanomotors: Successes and upcoming challenges. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1736. [PMID: 34173342 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The idea of "fantastic voyagers" carrying out medical tasks within the human body has existed as part of popular culture for many decades. The concept revolved around a miniaturized robot that can travel inside the human body and perform complicated functions such as surgery, navigation of otherwise inaccessible biological environments, and delivery of therapeutics. Since the last decade, significant developments have occurred in this arena that are yet to enter mainstream biomedical practises. Here, we define the challenges to make this fiction into reality. We begin by chalking the journey from pills, nanoparticles, and then to micro-nanomotors. The review describes the principles, physicochemical contexts, and advantages that micro-nanomotors provide. The article then describes micro-nanomotors' obstacles such as maneuverability, in vivo imaging, toxicity, and biodistribution. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ambarish Ghosh
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu Z, Chen X, Lu X, Zhao B, Yang Y, Liu J. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveal mechanism of tolerance to salt stress in oat (Avena sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:315-328. [PMID: 33545609 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is among the crucial factors that impact on crop productivity, including oat (Avena sativa L.). Herein, we used two distinct oat cultivars with varied salt tolerance levels to unravel adaptive responses to salt stress by metabolomic and transcriptomic characterization. Metabolomic profiling revealed 201 metabolites, including saccharides, amino acids, organic acids, and secondary metabolites. The levels of most saccharides and amino acids were elevated in Baiyan 2 (BY2) as well as in Baiyan 5 (BY5) exposed to salt stress. In the tolerant cultivar BY2 exposed to 150 mM NaCl, concentrations of most of the metabolites increased significantly, with sucrose increased by 38.34-fold, Sophorose increased by 314.15-fold and Isomaltose 2 increased by 25.76-fold. In the sensitive cultivar BY5, the concentrations of most metabolites increased after the plant was exposed to 150 mM NaCl but decreased after the plant was exposed to 300 mM NaCl. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that gene expressions in BY5 were significantly affected under exposure to 300 mM NaCl (34040 genes up-regulated and 14757 genes down-regulated). Assessment of metabolic pathways as well as KEGG enrichment revealed that salt stress interferes with the biosynthesis of two oat cultivars, including capacity expenditure and sugar metabolism. Most of the BY2 genes enhanced energy consumption (for example, glycolysis) and biosynthesis (for instance, starch and sugar metabolism) under salt stress. In contrast, genes in BY5 were found to be down-regulated, leading to the inhibition of energy consumption and biosynthesis, which may also be attributed to salt sensitivity in BY5. In addition, the modified Na+/K+ transporter genes expression is associated with the predominant ionic responses in BY2, which leads low concentration of Na+ and high K+ when exposed to high salt situations. These findings suggest that the varied defensive capacities of these two oat cultivars in response to salt stress are due to their variations in energy-expenditure strategy, synthesis of energy substances and ion transport in roots. Our present study offers a crucial reference for oat cultivation under saline soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshan Xu
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China; Cereal Engineering Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China; National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China; Cereal Engineering Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China; National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China
| | - Xiaoping Lu
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China
| | - Baoping Zhao
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China; Cereal Engineering Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China; National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China
| | - Yanming Yang
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China; Cereal Engineering Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China; National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China; Cereal Engineering Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China; National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu L, Petchphankul N, Ueda A, Saneoka H. Differences in Physiological Responses of Two Oat ( Avena nuda L.) Lines to Sodic-Alkalinity in the Vegetative Stage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9091188. [PMID: 32933050 PMCID: PMC7570279 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodic-alkalinity is a more seriously limiting factor in agricultural productivity than salinity. Oat (Avena nuda) is a salt-tolerant crop species and is therefore useful in studying the physiological responses of cereals to alkalinity. We evaluated the differential effects of sodic-alkalinity on two naked oat lines, Caoyou1 and Yanke1. Seedlings of the two lines were exposed to 50 mM alkaline salt mixture of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 (18:1 molar ratio; pH 8.5) for 2 weeks in a soil environment. Sodic-alkalinity exposure led the assimilation of abundant Na+ at similar concentrations in the organs of both lines. However, Caoyou1 showed much stronger growth than Yanke1, exhibiting a higher dry weight, total leaf area, and shoot height under sodic-alkalinity. Further analysis showed that Caoyou1 was more sodic-alkalinity tolerance than Yanke1. This was firstly because of differences in the oxidative stress defense mechanisms in leaves of the two lines. Antioxidant enzyme activities were either slightly elevated (catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR)) or unaltered (superoxide dismutase (SOD)) in Caoyou1 leaves, but some enzyme (SOD, GPOX, GR) activities were significantly reduced in Yanke1. AnAPX1 transcript levels significantly increased in Caoyou1 under sodic-alkalinity conditions compared with Yanke1, indicating its better antioxidant capacity. Secondly, the related parameters of Mg2+ concentration, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity, and AnPEPC transcript levels in the leaves showed significantly higher values in Caoyou1 compared with Yanke1. This demonstrated the effective utilization by Caoyou1 of accumulated HCO3- in the irreversible reaction from phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate to produce inorganic phosphorus, which was elevated in Caoyou1 leaves under alkalinity stress. Overall, the results demonstrated that the greater sodic-alkalinity tolerance of Caoyou1 is the result of: (1) maintained antioxidant enzyme activities; and (2) a higher capacity for the phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate reactions, as shown by the higher PEPC activity, Mg2+ concentration, and total phosphorus concentration in its leaves, despite the lower soil pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Liu
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (A.U.); (H.S.)
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Nateetorn Petchphankul
- Tropical Agriculture International Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (A.U.); (H.S.)
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Saneoka
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (A.U.); (H.S.)
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hoffmanová I, Sánchez D, Szczepanková A, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H. The Pros and Cons of Using Oat in a Gluten-Free Diet for Celiac Patients. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102345. [PMID: 31581722 PMCID: PMC6835965 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A therapeutic gluten-free diet often has nutritional limitations. Nutritional qualities such as high protein content, the presence of biologically active and beneficial substances (fiber, beta-glucans, polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals), and tolerance by the majority of celiac patients make oat popular for use in gluten-free diet. The health risk of long-time consumption of oat by celiac patients is a matter of debate. The introduction of oat into the diet is only recommended for celiac patients in remission. Furthermore, not every variety of oat is also appropriate for a gluten-free diet. The risk of sensitization and an adverse immunologically mediated reaction is a real threat in some celiac patients. Several unsolved issues still exist which include the following: (1) determination of the susceptibility markers for the subgroup of celiac patients who are at risk because they do not tolerate dietary oat, (2) identification of suitable varieties of oat and estimating the safe dose of oat for the diet, and (3) optimization of methods for detecting the gliadin contamination in raw oat used in a gluten-free diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Hoffmanová
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Sánchez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Adéla Szczepanková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ji M, Wang K, Wang L, Chen S, Li H, Ma C, Wang Y. Overexpression of a S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase from Sugar Beet M14 Increased Araidopsis Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081990. [PMID: 31018555 PMCID: PMC6515516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines play an important role in plant growth and development, and response to abiotic stresses. Previously, differentially expressed proteins in sugar beet M14 (BvM14) under salt stress were identified by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. One of the proteins was an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), a key rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines. In this study, the BvM14-SAMDC gene was cloned from the sugar beet M14. The full-length BvM14-SAMDC was 1960 bp, and its ORF contained 1119 bp encoding the SAMDC of 372 amino acids. In addition, we expressed the coding sequence of BvM14-SAMDC in Escherichia coli and purified the ~40 kD BvM14-SAMDC with high enzymatic activity. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the BvM14-SAMDC was up-regulated in the BvM14 roots and leaves under salt stress. To investigate the functions of the BvM14-SAMDC, it was constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The transgenic plants exhibited greater salt stress tolerance, as evidenced by longer root length and higher fresh weight and chlorophyll content than wild type (WT) under salt treatment. The levels of spermidine (Spd) and spermin (Spm) concentrations were increased in the transgenic plants as compared with the WT. Furthermore, the overexpression plants showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased cell membrane damage. Compared with WT, they also had low expression levels of RbohD and RbohF, which are involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Together, these results suggest that the BvM14-SAMDC mediated biosynthesis of Spm and Spd contributes to plant salt stress tolerance through enhancing antioxidant enzymes and decreasing ROS generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meichao Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Sixue Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Haiying Li
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Chunquan Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ji M, Wang K, Wang L, Chen S, Li H, Ma C, Wang Y. Overexpression of a S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase from Sugar Beet M14 Increased Araidopsis Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2019. [PMID: 31018555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081990e1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines play an important role in plant growth and development, and response to abiotic stresses. Previously, differentially expressed proteins in sugar beet M14 (BvM14) under salt stress were identified by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. One of the proteins was an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), a key rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines. In this study, the BvM14-SAMDC gene was cloned from the sugar beet M14. The full-length BvM14-SAMDC was 1960 bp, and its ORF contained 1119 bp encoding the SAMDC of 372 amino acids. In addition, we expressed the coding sequence of BvM14-SAMDC in Escherichia coli and purified the ~40 kD BvM14-SAMDC with high enzymatic activity. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the BvM14-SAMDC was up-regulated in the BvM14 roots and leaves under salt stress. To investigate the functions of the BvM14-SAMDC, it was constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The transgenic plants exhibited greater salt stress tolerance, as evidenced by longer root length and higher fresh weight and chlorophyll content than wild type (WT) under salt treatment. The levels of spermidine (Spd) and spermin (Spm) concentrations were increased in the transgenic plants as compared with the WT. Furthermore, the overexpression plants showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased cell membrane damage. Compared with WT, they also had low expression levels of RbohD and RbohF, which are involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Together, these results suggest that the BvM14-SAMDC mediated biosynthesis of Spm and Spd contributes to plant salt stress tolerance through enhancing antioxidant enzymes and decreasing ROS generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meichao Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Sixue Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Haiying Li
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Chunquan Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| |
Collapse
|