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Rodriguez-Lejarraga P, Martin-Iglesias S, Moneo-Corcuera A, Colom A, Redondo-Morata L, Giannotti MI, Petrenko V, Monleón-Guinot I, Mata M, Silvan U, Lanceros-Mendez S. The surface charge of electroactive materials governs cell behaviour through its effect on protein deposition. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00352-0. [PMID: 38950807 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms underlying the cellular response to static electric cues remain unclear, limiting the design and development of biomaterials that utilize this parameter to enhance specific biological behaviours. To gather information on this matter we have explored the interaction of collagen type-I, the most abundant mammalian extracellular protein, with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), an electroactive polymer with great potential for tissue engineering applications. Our results reveal significant differences in collagen affinity, conformation, and interaction strength depending on the electric charge of the PVDF surface, which subsequently affects the behaviour of mesenchymal stem cells seeded on them. These findings highlight the importance of surface charge in the establishment of the material-protein interface and ultimately in the biological response to the material. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of new tissue engineering strategies relies heavily on the understanding of how biomaterials interact with biological tissues. Although several factors drive this process and their driving principles have been identified, the relevance and mechanism by which the surface potential influences cell behaviour is still unknown. In our study, we investigate the interaction between collagen, the most abundant component of the extracellular matrix, and poly(vinylidene fluoride) with varying surface charges. Our findings reveal substantial variations in the binding forces, structure and adhesion of collagen on the different surfaces, which collectively explain the differential cellular responses. By exposing these differences, our research fills a critical knowledge gap and paves the way for innovations in material design for advanced tissue regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Martin-Iglesias
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Andrea Moneo-Corcuera
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Adai Colom
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain; Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Campus Universitario, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Lorena Redondo-Morata
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marina I Giannotti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Viktor Petrenko
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Irene Monleón-Guinot
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Mata
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Unai Silvan
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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2
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Tran-Nguyen VK, Junaid M, Simeon S, Ballester PJ. A practical guide to machine-learning scoring for structure-based virtual screening. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:3460-3511. [PMID: 37845361 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) via docking has been used to discover active molecules for a range of therapeutic targets. Chemical and protein data sets that contain integrated bioactivity information have increased both in number and in size. Artificial intelligence and, more concretely, its machine-learning (ML) branch, including deep learning, have effectively exploited these data sets to build scoring functions (SFs) for SBVS against targets with an atomic-resolution 3D model (e.g., generated by X-ray crystallography or predicted by AlphaFold2). Often outperforming their generic and non-ML counterparts, target-specific ML-based SFs represent the state of the art for SBVS. Here, we present a comprehensive and user-friendly protocol to build and rigorously evaluate these new SFs for SBVS. This protocol is organized into four sections: (i) using a public benchmark of a given target to evaluate an existing generic SF; (ii) preparing experimental data for a target from public repositories; (iii) partitioning data into a training set and a test set for subsequent target-specific ML modeling; and (iv) generating and evaluating target-specific ML SFs by using the prepared training-test partitions. All necessary code and input/output data related to three example targets (acetylcholinesterase, HMG-CoA reductase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α) are available at https://github.com/vktrannguyen/MLSF-protocol , can be run by using a single computer within 1 week and make use of easily accessible software/programs (e.g., Smina, CNN-Score, RF-Score-VS and DeepCoy) and web resources. Our aim is to provide practical guidance on how to augment training data to enhance SBVS performance, how to identify the most suitable supervised learning algorithm for a data set, and how to build an SF with the highest likelihood of discovering target-active molecules within a given compound library.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Saw Simeon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
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3
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Roth J, Hoop CL, Williams JK, Hayes R, Baum J. Probing the effect of glycosaminoglycan depletion on integrin interactions with collagen I fibrils in the native extracellular matrix environment. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4508. [PMID: 36369695 PMCID: PMC9793976 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagen-integrin interactions in the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate a multitude of cellular processes and cell signalling. Collagen I fibrils serve as the molecular scaffolding for connective tissues throughout the human body and are the most abundant protein building blocks in the ECM. The ECM environment is diverse, made up of several ECM proteins, enzymes, and proteoglycans. In particular, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), anionic polysaccharides that decorate proteoglycans, become depleted in the ECM with natural aging and their mis-regulation has been linked to cancers and other diseases. The impact of GAG depletion in the ECM environment on collagen I protein interactions and on mechanical properties is not well understood. Here, we integrate ELISA protein binding assays with liquid high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) to assess the effects of GAG depletion on the interaction of collagen I fibrils with the integrin α2I domain using separate rat tails. ELISA binding assays demonstrate that α2I preferentially binds to GAG-depleted collagen I fibrils in comparison to native fibrils. By amplitude modulated AFM in air and in solution, we find that GAG-depleted collagen I fibrils retain structural features of the native fibrils, including their characteristic D-banding pattern, a key structural motif. AFM fast force mapping in solution shows that GAG depletion reduces the stiffness of individual fibrils, lowering the indentation modulus by half compared to native fibrils. Together these results shed new light on how GAGs influence collagen I fibril-integrin interactions and may aid in strategies to treat diseases that result from GAG mis-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Roth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Cody L. Hoop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Jonathan K. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
- Drug Product DevelopmentBristol Myers SquibbNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Robert Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
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4
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Goult BT, von Essen M, Hytönen VP. The mechanical cell - the role of force dependencies in synchronising protein interaction networks. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:283155. [PMID: 36398718 PMCID: PMC9845749 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mechanical signals in the proper functioning of organisms is increasingly recognised, and every cell senses physical forces and responds to them. These forces are generated both from outside the cell or via the sophisticated force-generation machinery of the cell, the cytoskeleton. All regions of the cell are connected via mechanical linkages, enabling the whole cell to function as a mechanical system. In this Review, we define some of the key concepts of how this machinery functions, highlighting the critical requirement for mechanosensory proteins, and conceptualise the coupling of mechanical linkages to mechanochemical switches that enables forces to be converted into biological signals. These mechanical couplings provide a mechanism for how mechanical crosstalk might coordinate the entire cell, its neighbours, extending into whole collections of cells, in tissues and in organs, and ultimately in the coordination and operation of entire organisms. Consequently, many diseases manifest through defects in this machinery, which we map onto schematics of the mechanical linkages within a cell. This mapping approach paves the way for the identification of additional linkages between mechanosignalling pathways and so might identify treatments for diseases, where mechanical connections are affected by mutations or where individual force-regulated components are defective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Magdaléna von Essen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33100 Tampere, Finland,Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland,Authors for correspondence (; )
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5
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Mull V, Kreplak L. Adhesion force microscopy is sensitive to the charge distribution at the surface of single collagen fibrils. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4829-4837. [PMID: 36381506 PMCID: PMC9642350 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00514j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Collagen fibrils are a key component of the extracellular matrix of mammalian tissues where they serve as structural elements and as a ligand for receptor-mediated signaling. As collagen molecules assemble into fibrils, in vitro or in vivo, they acquire a modulation of their molecular and electron densities called the D-band, with a 67 nm spacing, that can be visualized by cryo-electron microscopy. The D-band is composed of a gap region missing one-fifth of the molecules in the cross-section compared to the overlap region. This leads to the gap region having a positive potential and the overlap region a negative potential with respect to an n-doped silicon probe as observed by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. In this study, we use the adhesion force between an n-doped silicon probe and a collagen substrate to demonstrate the sensitivity of adhesion force towards charge distribution on the surface of collagen fibrils. We also map the charge distribution at the surface of single in vivo and in vitro assembled collagen fibrils and characterize the three-dimensional location and strength of three sub D-band regions that have been observed previously by cryo-electron microscopy. Our approach provides an adhesion fingerprint unique to each fibril type we analyzed and points to local charge variations at the sub D-band level even along a single fibril. It opens the road for a detailed analysis of collagen fibrils surface modifications due to ligand binding or the accumulation of advanced glycation end products at sub D-band resolution on a fibril by fibril basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Mull
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada +1 902 494 8435
| | - Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada +1 902 494 8435
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6
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Possible Treatment of Myocardial Infarct Based on Tissue Engineering Using a Cellularized Solid Collagen Scaffold Functionalized with Arg-Glyc-Asp (RGD) Peptide. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212563. [PMID: 34830447 PMCID: PMC8620820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the clinical impact of cell therapy after a myocardial infarction (MI) is limited by low cell engraftment due to low cell retention, cell death in inflammatory and poor angiogenic infarcted areas, secondary migration. Cells interact with their microenvironment through integrin mechanoreceptors that control their survival/apoptosis/differentiation/migration and proliferation. The association of cells with a three-dimensional material may be a way to improve interactions with their integrins, and thus outcomes, especially if preparations are epicardially applied. In this review, we will focus on the rationale for using collagen as a polymer backbone for tissue engineering of a contractile tissue. Contractilities are reported for natural but not synthetic polymers and for naturals only for: collagen/gelatin/decellularized-tissue/fibrin/Matrigel™ and for different material states: hydrogels/gels/solids. To achieve a thick/long-term contractile tissue and for cell transfer, solid porous compliant scaffolds are superior to hydrogels or gels. Classical methods to produce solid scaffolds: electrospinning/freeze-drying/3D-printing/solvent-casting and methods to reinforce and/or maintain scaffold properties by reticulations are reported. We also highlight the possibility of improving integrin interaction between cells and their associated collagen by its functionalizing with the RGD-peptide. Using a contractile patch that can be applied epicardially may be a way of improving ventricular remodeling and limiting secondary cell migration.
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7
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Varma S, Orgel JPRO, Schieber JD. Contrasting Local and Macroscopic Effects of Collagen Hydroxylation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169068. [PMID: 34445791 PMCID: PMC8396666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is heavily hydroxylated. Experiments show that proline hydroxylation is important to triple helix (monomer) stability, fibril assembly, and interaction of fibrils with other molecules. Nevertheless, experiments also show that even without hydroxylation, type I collagen does assemble into its native D-banded fibrillar structure. This raises two questions. Firstly, even though hydroxylation removal marginally affects macroscopic structure, how does such an extensive chemical change, which is expected to substantially reduce hydrogen bonding capacity, affect local structure? Secondly, how does such a chemical perturbation, which is expected to substantially decrease electrostatic attraction between monomers, affect collagen's mechanical properties? To address these issues, we conduct a benchmarked molecular dynamics study of rat type I fibrils in the presence and absence of hydroxylation. Our simulations reproduce the experimental observation that hydroxylation removal has a minimal effect on collagen's D-band length. We also find that the gap-overlap ratio, monomer width and monomer length are minimally affected. Surprisingly, we find that de-hydroxylation also has a minor effect on the fibril's Young's modulus, and elastic stress build up is also accompanied by tightening of triple-helix windings. In terms of local structure, de-hydroxylation does result in a substantial drop (23%) in inter-monomer hydrogen bonding. However, at the same time, the local structures and inter-monomer hydrogen bonding networks of non-hydroxylated amino acids are also affected. It seems that it is this intrinsic plasticity in inter-monomer interactions that preclude fibrils from undergoing any large changes in macroscopic properties. Nevertheless, changes in local structure can be expected to directly impact collagen's interaction with extra-cellular matrix proteins. In general, this study highlights a key challenge in tissue engineering and medicine related to mapping collagen chemistry to macroscopic properties but suggests a path forward to address it using molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Varma
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Joseph P. R. O. Orgel
- Department of Biology, Department of Physics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA;
| | - Jay D. Schieber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA;
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8
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Schussler O, Chachques JC, Alifano M, Lecarpentier Y. Key Roles of RGD-Recognizing Integrins During Cardiac Development, on Cardiac Cells, and After Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 15:179-203. [PMID: 34342855 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins through integrin mechanoreceptors that control many cellular events such as cell survival, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, and proliferation. Integrins play a crucial role in cardiac development as well as in cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. Integrins recognize oligopeptides present on ECM proteins and are involved in three main types of interaction, namely with collagen, laminin, and the oligopeptide RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) present on vitronectin and fibronectin proteins. To date, the specific role of integrins recognizing the RGD has not been addressed. In this review, we examine their role during cardiac development, their role on cardiac cells, and their upregulation during pathological processes such as heart fibrosis and hypertrophy. We also examine their role in regenerative and angiogenic processes after myocardial infarction (MI) in the peri-infarct area. Specific targeting of these integrins may be a way of controlling some of these pathological events and thereby improving medical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Schussler
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP Centre, University of Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Juan C Chachques
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Pompidou Hospital, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Carpentier Foundation, University Paris Descartes, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP Centre, University of Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1138 Team "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", Cordeliers Research Center, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, Meaux, France
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9
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Cui Y, Shen G, Ma L, Lv Q. Overexpression of NDRG2 promotes the therapeutic effect of pazopanib on ovarian cancer. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:546-552. [PMID: 33050824 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1831536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guihua Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qiubo Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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10
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Laronha H, Caldeira J. Structure and Function of Human Matrix Metalloproteinases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051076. [PMID: 32357580 PMCID: PMC7290392 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a macromolecules network, in which the most abundant molecule is collagen. This protein in triple helical conformation is highly resistant to proteinases degradation, the only enzymes capable of degrading the collagen are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This resistance and maintenance of collagen, and consequently of ECM, is involved in several biological processes and it must be strictly regulated by endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs). The deregulation of MMPs activity leads to development of numerous diseases. This review shows MMPs complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Laronha
- Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO and LAQV Requimte Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge Caldeira
- Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO and LAQV Requimte Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3519-1955-35-92
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11
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Increased Collagen Turnover Impairs Tendon Microstructure and Stability in Integrin α2β1-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082835. [PMID: 32325713 PMCID: PMC7215526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a family of transmembrane proteins, involved in substrate recognition and cell adhesion in cross-talk with the extra cellular matrix. In this study, we investigated the influence of integrin α2β1 on tendons, another collagen type I-rich tissue of the musculoskeletal system. Morphological, as well as functional, parameters were analyzed in vivo and in vitro, comparing wild-type against integrin α2β1 deficiency. Tenocytes lacking integrin α2β1 produced more collagen in vitro, which is similar to the situation in osseous tissue. Fibril morphology and biomechanical strength proved to be altered, as integrin α2β1 deficiency led to significantly smaller fibrils as well as changes in dynamic E-modulus in vivo. This discrepancy can be explained by a higher collagen turnover: integrin α2β1-deficient cells produced more matrix, and tendons contained more residual C-terminal fragments of type I collagen, as well as an increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity. A greatly decreased percentage of non-collagenous proteins may be the cause of changes in fibril diameter regulation and increased the proteolytic degradation of collagen in the integrin-deficient tendons. The results reveal a significant impact of integrin α2β1 on collagen modifications in tendons. Its role in tendon pathologies, like chronic degradation, will be the subject of future investigations.
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12
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Manka SW, Bihan D, Farndale RW. Structural studies of the MMP-3 interaction with triple-helical collagen introduce new roles for the enzyme in tissue remodelling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18785. [PMID: 31827179 PMCID: PMC6906530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) participates in normal extracellular matrix turnover during embryonic development, organ morphogenesis and wound healing, and in tissue-destruction associated with aneurysm, cancer, arthritis and heart failure. Despite its inability to cleave triple-helical collagens, MMP-3 can still bind to them, but the mechanism, location and role of binding are not known. We used the Collagen Toolkits, libraries of triple-helical peptides that embrace the entire helical domains of collagens II and III, to map MMP-3 interaction sites. The enzyme recognises five sites on collagen II and three sites on collagen III. They share a glycine-phenylalanine-hydroxyproline/alanine (GFO/A) motif that is recognised by the enzyme in a context-dependent manner. Neither MMP-3 zymogen (proMMP-3) nor the individual catalytic (Cat) and hemopexin (Hpx) domains of MMP-3 interact with the peptides, revealing cooperative binding of both domains to the triple helix. The Toolkit binding data combined with molecular modelling enabled us to deduce the putative collagen-binding mode of MMP-3, where all three collagen chains make contacts with the enzyme in the valley running across both Cat and Hpx domains. The observed binding pattern casts light on how MMP-3 could regulate collagen turnover and compete with various collagen-binding proteins regulating cell adhesion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon W Manka
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London, W1W 7FF, UK.
| | - Dominique Bihan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Role of prolyl hydroxylation in the molecular interactions of collagens. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:325-335. [PMID: 31350381 PMCID: PMC6744578 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Co- and post-translational hydroxylation of proline residues is critical for the stability of the triple helical collagen structure. In this review, we summarise the biology of collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases and collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylases, the enzymes responsible for proline hydroxylation. Furthermore, we describe the potential roles of hydroxyproline residues in the complex interplay between collagens and other proteins, especially integrin and discoidin domain receptor type cell adhesion receptors. Qualitative and quantitative regulation of collagen hydroxylation may have remarkable effects on the properties of the extracellular matrix and consequently on the cell behaviour.
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14
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Zeltz C, Primac I, Erusappan P, Alam J, Noel A, Gullberg D. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in desmoplastic tumors: emerging role of integrins. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:166-181. [PMID: 31415910 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex meshwork of extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules filled with a collection of cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), blood vessel associated smooth muscle cells, pericytes, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells and a variety of immune cells. In tumors the homeostasis governing ECM synthesis and turnover is disturbed resulting in abnormal blood vessel formation and excessive fibrillar collagen accumulations of varying stiffness and organization. The disturbed ECM homeostasis opens up for new types of paracrine, cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions with large consequences for tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune suppression and resistance to treatments. As a main producer of ECM and paracrine signals the CAF is a central cell type in these events. Whereas the paracrine signaling has been extensively studied in the context of tumor-stroma interactions, the nature of the numerous integrin-mediated cell-ECM interactions occurring in the TME remains understudied. In this review we will discuss and dissect the role of known and potential CAF interactions in the TME, during both tumorigenesis and chemoresistance-induced events, with a special focus on the "interaction landscape" in desmoplastic breast, lung and pancreatic cancers. As an example of the multifaceted mode of action of the stromal collagen receptor integrin α11β1, we will summarize our current understanding on the role of this CAF-expressed integrin in these three tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Zeltz
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Irina Primac
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiège), Liege, Belgium
| | - Pugazendhi Erusappan
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jahedul Alam
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Agnes Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiège), Liege, Belgium
| | - Donald Gullberg
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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15
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Peacock CJ, Kreplak L. Nanomechanical mapping of single collagen fibrils under tension. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14417-14425. [PMID: 31334733 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02644d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
At the most fundamental level, collagen fibrils are rope-like structures assembled from triple-helical collagen molecules. One key structural characteristic of the fibril is the 67 nm D-band pattern arising from the quarter-stagger packing of the molecules. Our current understanding of the structural changes induced by tensile loading of collagen fibrils comes mostly from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and tissue level experiments. Tensile testing of individual fibrils is an upcoming field of investigation, and thus far structural analysis has always taken place after the fibrils have been ruptured or strained and subsequently dried. There is therefore a gap in understanding how the structure of collagen fibrils transforms under tension, and how this reorganization affects the functionality of collagen fibrils within tissues. In this study, atomic force microscopy based nanomechanical mapping is introduced to image hydrated collagen fibrils absorbed to an elastic substrate. Upon stretching the substrate between 5 and 30%, we observe a radial stiffening consistent with the fibrils being under tension. This is associated with an increase in D-band length. In addition the indentation modulus contrast associated with the D-band pattern increases linearly with D-band strain. These results provide direct confirmation of, and new information on the axially inhomogeneous structural response of collagen fibrils to applied tension as previously proposed on the basis of X-ray scattering experiments on stretched tissues. Furthermore our approach opens the road for studying the structural impacts of tension on cell-matrix interactions at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Peacock
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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16
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Orgel JPRO, Madhurapantula RS. A structural prospective for collagen receptors such as DDR and their binding of the collagen fibril. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118478. [PMID: 31004686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the collagen fibril surface directly effects and possibly assists the management of collagen receptor interactions. An important class of collagen receptors, the receptor tyrosine kinases of the Discoidin Domain Receptor family (DDR1 and DDR2), are differentially activated by specific collagen types and play important roles in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and matrix remodeling. This review discusses their structure and function as it pertains directly to the fibrillar collagen structure with which they interact far more readily than they do with isolated molecular collagen. This prospective provides further insight into the mechanisms of activation and rational cellular control of this important class of receptors while also providing a comparison of DDR-collagen interactions with other receptors such as integrin and GPVI. When improperly regulated, DDR activation can lead to abnormal cellular proliferation activities such as in cancer. Hence how and when the DDRs associate with the major basis of mammalian tissue infrastructure, fibrillar collagen, should be of keen interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P R O Orgel
- Departments of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Rama S Madhurapantula
- Departments of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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