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Golding MC. Teratogenesis and the epigenetic programming of congenital defects: Why paternal exposures matter. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1825-1834. [PMID: 37424262 PMCID: PMC10774456 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, clinicians and researchers did not realize paternal exposures could impact child developmental outcomes. Indeed, although there is growing recognition that sperm carry a large amount of non-genomic information and that paternal stressors influence the health of the next generation, toxicologists are only now beginning to explore the role paternal exposures have in dysgenesis and the incidence of congenital malformations. In this commentary, I will briefly summarize the few studies describing congenital malformations resulting from preconception paternal stressors, argue for the theoretical expansion of teratogenic perspectives into the male preconception period, and discuss some of the challenges in this newly emerging branch of toxicology. I argue that we must consider gametes the same as any other malleable precursor cell type and recognize that environmentally-induced epigenetic changes acquired during the formation of the sperm and oocyte hold equal teratogenic potential as exposures during early development. Here, I propose the term epiteratogen to reference agents acting outside of pregnancy that, through epigenetic mechanisms, induce congenital malformations. Understanding the interactions between the environment, the essential epigenetic processes intrinsic to spermatogenesis, and their cumulative influences on embryo patterning is essential to addressing a significant blind spot in the field of developmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Golding
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA, 77843
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2
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Identification of the Role of TGR5 in the Regulation of Leydig Cell Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315398. [PMID: 36499726 PMCID: PMC9738292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of the testicular endocrine function leading to testosterone production is a major objective as the alteration of endocrine function is associated with the development of many diseases such as infertility. In the last decades, it has been demonstrated that several endogenous molecules regulate the steroidogenic pathway. Among them, bile acids have recently emerged as local regulators of testicular physiology and particularly endocrine function. Bile acids act through the nuclear receptor FXRα (Farnesoid-X-receptor alpha; NR1H4) and the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor (GPBAR-1; TGR5). While FXRα has been demonstrated to regulate testosterone synthesis within Leydig cells, no data are available regarding TGR5. Here, we investigated the potential role of TGR5 within Leydig cells using cell culture approaches combined with pharmacological exposure to the TGR5 agonist INT-777. The data show that activation of TGR5 results in a decrease in testosterone levels. TGR5 acts through the PKA pathway to regulate steroidogenesis. In addition, our data show that TGR5 activation leads to an increase in cholesterol ester levels. This suggests that altered lipid homeostasis may be a mechanism explaining the TGR5-induced decrease in testosterone levels. In conclusion, the present work highlights the impact of the TGR5 signaling pathway on testosterone production and reinforces the links between bile acid signaling pathways and the testicular endocrine function. The testicular bile acid pathways need to be further explored to increase our knowledge of pathologies associated with impaired testicular endocrine function, such as fertility disorders.
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Bhadsavle SS, Golding MC. Paternal epigenetic influences on placental health and their impacts on offspring development and disease. Front Genet 2022; 13:1068408. [PMID: 36468017 PMCID: PMC9716072 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1068408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Our efforts to understand the developmental origins of birth defects and disease have primarily focused on maternal exposures and intrauterine stressors. Recently, research into non-genomic mechanisms of inheritance has led to the recognition that epigenetic factors carried in sperm also significantly impact the health of future generations. However, although researchers have described a range of potential epigenetic signals transmitted through sperm, we have yet to obtain a mechanistic understanding of how these paternally-inherited factors influence offspring development and modify life-long health. In this endeavor, the emerging influence of the paternal epigenetic program on placental development, patterning, and function may help explain how a diverse range of male exposures induce comparable intergenerational effects on offspring health. During pregnancy, the placenta serves as the dynamic interface between mother and fetus, regulating nutrient, oxygen, and waste exchange and coordinating fetal growth and maturation. Studies examining intrauterine maternal stressors routinely describe alterations in placental growth, histological organization, and glycogen content, which correlate with well-described influences on infant health and adult onset of disease. Significantly, the emergence of similar phenotypes in models examining preconception male exposures indicates that paternal stressors transmit an epigenetic memory to their offspring that also negatively impacts placental function. Like maternal models, paternally programmed placental dysfunction exerts life-long consequences on offspring health, particularly metabolic function. Here, focusing primarily on rodent models, we review the literature and discuss the influences of preconception male health and exposure history on placental growth and patterning. We emphasize the emergence of common placental phenotypes shared between models examining preconception male and intrauterine stressors but note that the direction of change frequently differs between maternal and paternal exposures. We posit that alterations in placental growth, histological organization, and glycogen content broadly serve as reliable markers of altered paternal developmental programming, predicting the emergence of structural and metabolic defects in the offspring. Finally, we suggest the existence of an unrecognized developmental axis between the male germline and the extraembryonic lineages that may have evolved to enhance fetal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael C. Golding
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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4
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Baptissart M, Bradish CM, Jones BS, Walsh E, Tehrani J, Marrero‐Colon V, Mehta S, Jima DD, Oh SH, Diehl AM, Fougeray T, Guillou H, Cowley M. Zac1 and the Imprinted Gene Network program juvenile NAFLD in response to maternal metabolic syndrome. Hepatology 2022; 76:1090-1104. [PMID: 35083765 PMCID: PMC9314464 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Within the next decade, NAFLD is predicted to become the most prevalent cause of childhood liver failure in developed countries. Predisposition to juvenile NAFLD can be programmed during early life in response to maternal metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We hypothesized that imprinted genes, defined by expression from a single parental allele, play a key role in maternal MetS-induced NAFLD, due to their susceptibility to environmental stressors and their functions in liver homeostasis. We aimed to test this hypothesis and determine the critical periods of susceptibility to maternal MetS. APPROACH AND RESULTS We established a mouse model to compare the effects of MetS during prenatal and postnatal development on NAFLD. Postnatal but not prenatal MetS exposure is associated with histological, biochemical, and molecular signatures of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in juvenile mice. Using RNA sequencing, we show that the Imprinted Gene Network (IGN), including its regulator Zac1, is up-regulated and overrepresented among differentially expressed genes, consistent with a role in maternal MetS-induced NAFLD. In support of this, activation of the IGN in cultured hepatoma cells by overexpressing Zac1 is sufficient to induce signatures of profibrogenic transformation. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that Zac1 binds the TGF-β1 and COL6A2 promoters, forming a direct pathway between imprinted genes and well-characterized pathophysiological mechanisms of NAFLD. Finally, we show that hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Zac1 is sufficient to drive fibrosis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify a pathway linking maternal MetS exposure during postnatal development to the programming of juvenile NAFLD, and provide support for the hypothesis that imprinted genes play a central role in metabolic disease programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Baptissart
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Human Health and the EnvironmentNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Christine M. Bradish
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Human Health and the EnvironmentNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Brie S. Jones
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Human Health and the EnvironmentNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Evan Walsh
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Human Health and the EnvironmentNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jesse Tehrani
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Human Health and the EnvironmentNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Vicmarie Marrero‐Colon
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Human Health and the EnvironmentNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sanya Mehta
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Human Health and the EnvironmentNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Dereje D. Jima
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Human Health and the EnvironmentNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA,Bioinformatics Research CenterNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Seh Hoon Oh
- Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tiffany Fougeray
- UMR 1331Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueToxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology)ToulouseFrance
| | - Hervé Guillou
- UMR 1331Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueToxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology)ToulouseFrance
| | - Michael Cowley
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Human Health and the EnvironmentNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
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5
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Thirouard L, Holota H, Monrose M, Garcia M, de Haze A, Damon‐Soubeyrand C, Renaud Y, Saru J, Perino A, Schoonjans K, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. Identification of a Crosstalk among TGR5, GLIS2, and TP53 Signaling Pathways in the Control of Undifferentiated Germ Cell Homeostasis and Chemoresistance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200626. [PMID: 35435331 PMCID: PMC9189661 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells regenerate and maintain spermatogenesis throughout life, making testis a good model for studying stem cell biology. The effects of chemotherapy on fertility have been well-documented previously. This study investigates how busulfan, an alkylating agent that is often used for chemotherapeutic purposes, affects male fertility. Specifically, the role of the TGR5 pathway is investigated on spermatogonia homeostasis using in vivo, in vitro, and pharmacological methods. In vivo studies are performed using wild-type and Tgr5-deficient mouse models. The results clearly show that Tgr5 deficiency can facilitate restoration of the spermatogonia homeostasis and allow faster resurgence of germ cell lineage after exposure to busulfan. TGR5 modulates the expression of key genes of undifferentiated spermatogonia such as Gfra1 and Fgfr2. At the molecular level, the present data highlight molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions among the TGR5, GLIS2, and TP53 pathways in spermatogonia associated with germ cell apoptosis following busulfan exposure. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it shows that TGR5 plays key role on undifferentiated germ cell homeostasis and that modulating the TGR5 signaling pathway could be used as a potential therapeutic tool for fertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Thirouard
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - Hélène Holota
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - Mélusine Monrose
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - Manon Garcia
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - Angélique de Haze
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | | | - Yoan Renaud
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteBio‐informatic facilityClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - Jean‐Paul Saru
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - Alessia Perino
- Laboratory of Metabolic SignalingInstitute of BioengineeringSchool of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic SignalingInstitute of BioengineeringSchool of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - David H. Volle
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
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6
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Cheung AC, Juran BD, Schlicht EM, McCauley BM, Atkinson EJ, Moore R, Heimbach JK, Watt KD, Wu TT, LaRusso NF, Gores GJ, Sun Z, Lazaridis KN. DNA methylation profile of liver tissue in end-stage cholestatic liver disease. Epigenomics 2022; 14:481-497. [PMID: 35473391 PMCID: PMC9096606 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: In this methylome-wide association study of cholestatic liver diseases (primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis), the authors aimed to elucidate changes in methylome and pathway enrichment to identify candidate genes. Patients & methods: Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing was performed on liver tissue from 58 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 13), primary biliary cholangitis (n = 20), alcoholic liver disease (n = 21) and live liver donors (n = 4). Pathway enrichment and network analysis were used to explore key genes/pathways. Results: Both cholestatic liver diseases were characterized by global hypomethylation, with pathway enrichment demonstrating distinct genes and pathways associated with the methylome. Conclusions: This novel study demonstrated that differential methylation in cholestatic liver disease was associated with unique pathways, suggesting it may drive disease pathogenesis. While DNA is the permanent code that defines each living being, the epigenome comprises sequences attached to DNA that can change with the environment. This means that abnormal changes to the epigenome may lead to disease and that finding and treating these abnormalities may in turn help treat disease. In this study of liver tissue from individuals with two rare liver diseases, primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis, the authors found that the epigenome of these two conditions is distinct, suggesting that the epigenome is linked to the development of these conditions and may be the key to treating them. Novel study in rare cholestatic liver diseases (primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis) shows unique methylome changes, which may lead to novel treatment opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Brian D Juran
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Erik M Schlicht
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bryan M McCauley
- Division of Biomedical Statistics & Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Atkinson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics & Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Raymond Moore
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Julie K Heimbach
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kymberly D Watt
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tsung-Teh Wu
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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7
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Martinot E, Thirouard L, Holota H, Monrose M, Garcia M, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. Intestinal microbiota defines the GUT-TESTIS axis. Gut 2022; 71:844-845. [PMID: 33985968 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Martinot
- Institut Génétique Reproduction et Développement (iGReD), Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laura Thirouard
- Institut Génétique Reproduction et Développement (iGReD), Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Holota
- Institut Génétique Reproduction et Développement (iGReD), Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélusine Monrose
- Institut Génétique Reproduction et Développement (iGReD), Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Manon Garcia
- Institut Génétique Reproduction et Développement (iGReD), Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- Institut Génétique Reproduction et Développement (iGReD), Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David H Volle
- Institut Génétique Reproduction et Développement (iGReD), Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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8
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van Steenwyk G, Gapp K, Jawaid A, Germain P, Manuella F, Tanwar DK, Zamboni N, Gaur N, Efimova A, Thumfart KM, Miska EA, Mansuy IM. Involvement of circulating factors in the transmission of paternal experiences through the germline. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104579. [PMID: 33034389 PMCID: PMC7705452 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors can change phenotypes in exposed individuals and offspring and involve the germline, likely via biological signals in the periphery that communicate with germ cells. Here, using a mouse model of paternal exposure to traumatic stress, we identify circulating factors involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathways in the effects of exposure to the germline. We show that exposure alters metabolic functions and pathways, particularly lipid-derived metabolites, in exposed fathers and their offspring. We collected data in a human cohort exposed to childhood trauma and observed similar metabolic alterations in circulation, suggesting conserved effects. Chronic injection of serum from trauma-exposed males into controls recapitulates metabolic phenotypes in the offspring. We identify lipid-activated nuclear receptors PPARs as potential mediators of the effects from father to offspring. Pharmacological PPAR activation in vivo reproduces metabolic dysfunctions in the offspring and grand-offspring of injected males and affects the sperm transcriptome in fathers and sons. In germ-like cells in vitro, both serum and PPAR agonist induce PPAR activation. Together, these results highlight the role of circulating factors as potential communication vectors between the periphery and the germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen van Steenwyk
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Katharina Gapp
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral NeuroscienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Ali Jawaid
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Neuropsychiatric DisordersBRAINCITY Nencki‐EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain DisordersWarsawPoland
| | - Pierre‐Luc Germain
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Statistical Bioinformatics GroupSwiss Institute of BioinformaticsZürichSwitzerland
| | - Francesca Manuella
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Deepak K Tanwar
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Statistical Bioinformatics GroupSwiss Institute of BioinformaticsZürichSwitzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Niharika Gaur
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Anastasiia Efimova
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Kristina M Thumfart
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Eric A Miska
- Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Isabelle M Mansuy
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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9
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Monrose M, Thirouard L, Garcia M, Holota H, De Haze A, Caira F, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. New perspectives on PPAR, VDR and FXRα as new actors in testicular pathophysiology. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 78:100886. [PMID: 32878696 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of reproductive disorders is constantly increasing and affects 15% of couples, with male's abnormalities diagnosed in almost half of the cases. The male gonads exert two major functions of the testis with the productions of gametes (exocrine function) and of sexual hormones (endocrine function). In the last decades, next to steroid receptors such as estrogen and androgen receptors, the involvement of other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily have been described such as Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), Nerve growth factor IB (NGFIB), Liver-X-Receptorα (LXRα) and Dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1 (DAX-1). The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging roles of some members of the nuclear receptor superfamily among which the vitamin-D Receptor (VDR), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR), Farnesoid-X-Receptor-α (FXRα). We discuss how these receptors could participate to explain male fertility disorders; and their potential to be use as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for management of fertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monrose
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Thirouard
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Garcia
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - H Holota
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A De Haze
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Caira
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Beaudoin
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D H Volle
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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10
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Navarro VM. Metabolic regulation of kisspeptin - the link between energy balance and reproduction. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:407-420. [PMID: 32427949 PMCID: PMC8852368 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons serve as the nodal regulatory centre of reproductive function. These neurons are subjected to a plethora of regulatory factors that ultimately affect the release of kisspeptin, which modulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from GnRH neurons to control the reproductive axis. The presence of sufficient energy reserves is critical to achieve successful reproduction. Consequently, metabolic factors impose a very tight control over kisspeptin synthesis and release. This Review offers a synoptic overview of the different steps in which kisspeptin neurons are subjected to metabolic regulation, from early developmental stages to adulthood. We cover an ample array of known mechanisms that underlie the metabolic regulation of KISS1 expression and kisspeptin release. Furthermore, the novel role of kisspeptin neurons as active players within the neuronal circuits that govern energy balance is discussed, offering evidence of a bidirectional role of these neurons as a nexus between metabolism and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Navarro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston, MA, USA.
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Trauner M, Gindin Y, Jiang Z, Chung C, Subramanian GM, Myers RP, Gulamhusein A, Kowdley KV, Levy C, Goodman Z, Manns MP, Muir AJ, Bowlus CL. Methylation signatures in peripheral blood are associated with marked age acceleration and disease progression in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. JHEP Rep 2019; 2:100060. [PMID: 32039401 PMCID: PMC7005566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims A DNA methylation (DNAm) signature derived from 353 CpG sites (the Horvath clock) has been proposed as an epigenetic measure of chronological and biological age. This epigenetic signature is accelerated in diverse tissue types in various disorders, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and is associated with mortality. Here, we assayed whole blood DNAm to explore age acceleration in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Methods Using the MethylationEPIC BeadChip (850K) array, DNAm signatures in whole blood were analyzed in 36 patients with PSC enrolled in a 96-week trial of simtuzumab (Ishak F0-1, n = 13; F5-6, n = 23). Age acceleration was calculated as the difference between DNAm age and chronological age. Comparisons between patients with high and low age acceleration (≥ vs. < the median) were made and Cox regression evaluated the association between age acceleration and PSC-related clinical events (e.g. decompensation, cholangitis, transplantation). Results Age acceleration was significantly higher in patients with PSC compared to a healthy reference cohort (median, 11.1 years, p <2.2 × 10-16). In PSC, demographics, presence of inflammatory bowel disease, and ursodeoxycholic acid use were similar between patients with low and high age acceleration. However, patients with high age acceleration had increased serum alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, enhanced liver fibrosis test scores, and greater hepatic collagen and α-smooth muscle actin expression on liver biopsy (all p <0.05). Moreover, patients with high age acceleration had an increased prevalence of cirrhosis (89% vs. 39%; p = 0.006) and greater likelihood of PSC-related events (hazard ratio 4.19; 95% CI 1.15–15.24). Conclusion This analysis of blood DNAm profiles suggests that compared with healthy controls, patients with PSC – particularly those with cirrhosis - exhibit significant acceleration of epigenetic age. Future studies are required to evaluate the prognostic implications and effect of therapies on global methylation patterns and age acceleration in PSC. Lay summary An epigenetic clock based on DNA methylation has been proposed as a marker of age. In liver diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, age acceleration based on this epigenetic clock has been observed. Herein, we show that patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis have marked age acceleration, which is further accentuated by worsening fibrosis. This measure of age acceleration could be a useful marker for prognostication or risk stratification in primary sclerosing cholangitis. A peripheral blood DNA methylation (DNAm) score identifies age acceleration in PSC patients vs. healthy controls. PSC patients with high age acceleration had significantly more PSC-related events than those with low age acceleration. These findings may enable stratification of at-risk PSC patients based on a DNAm score from peripheral blood.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- Aging
- BMI, body mass index
- DNAm, DNA methylation
- ELF, enhanced liver fibrosis
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- LOXL2, lysyl oxidase-like-2
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- biomarker
- inflammatory bowel disease
- primary sclerosing cholangitis
- prognosis
- ursodeoxycholic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. Address: Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aliya Gulamhusein
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher L. Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Nagy RA, Hollema H, Andrei D, Jurdzinski A, Kuipers F, Hoek A, Tietge UJ. The Origin of Follicular Bile Acids in the Human Ovary. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2036-2045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Chang Y, Yu J. The protective effects of TGR5 against ultraviolet B irradiation in epidermal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15038-15044. [PMID: 31168815 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in continuous insults to the skin, including continuous loss of the capacities of epidermal stem cells (ESCs). Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) participates in a variety of physiological activities, but its biological function in skin has not been reported. In this study, we report that TGR5 could be detected in ESCs and its expression was reduced after ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation. Treatment with the specific TGR5 agonist 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,5-dimethylisoxazole-4-carboxamide (GPBARA) prevented UV-B-induced oxidative stress by reducing 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and increasing the level of glutathione. We also found that the presence of GPBARA improved UV-B irradiation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by elevating mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, our results indicate that GPBARA pretreatment suppressed UV-B irradiation-induced reduced cell viability, release of lactic dehydrogenase, and secretion of high mobility group box 1. Notably, GPBARA pretreatment inhibited UV-B irradiation-induced decrease in integrin β1 and Krt19, dependent on TGR5. Mechanistically, we found that the activation of TGR5 by GPBARA increased Wnt1, Wnt3a, Myc, and cyclin D1 in ESCs. Our data suggest a new function of TGR5 in regulating ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Dermatology & STD Department, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Nuclear Receptor Metabolism of Bile Acids and Xenobiotics: A Coordinated Detoxification System with Impact on Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113630. [PMID: 30453651 PMCID: PMC6274770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional studies have provided numerous insights over the past years on how members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily tightly regulate the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Besides the role of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the transcriptional control of bile acid transport and metabolism, this review provides an overview on how this metabolic sensor prevents the accumulation of toxic byproducts derived from endogenous metabolites, as well as of exogenous chemicals, in coordination with the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Decrypting this network should provide cues to better understand how these metabolic nuclear receptors participate in physiologic and pathologic processes with potential validation as therapeutic targets in human disabilities and cancers.
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