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Thirunavukarasu AJ, Morales-Wong F, Halim NSH, Han E, Koh SK, Zhou L, Kocaba V, Venkatraman S, Mehta JS, Riau AK. Nanohydroxyapatite Coating Attenuates Fibrotic and Immune Responses to Promote Keratoprosthesis Biointegration in Advanced Ocular Surface Disorders. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:25892-25908. [PMID: 38740379 PMCID: PMC11129699 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Keratoprosthesis (KPro) implantation is frequently the only recourse for patients with severe corneal disease. However, problems arise due to inadequate biointegration of the KPro, particularly the PMMA optical cylinder, such as tissue detachment, tissue melting, or eye-threatening infection in the interface. Here, using the AuroKPro as a model prosthesis, a surface functionalization approach─coating the optical cylinder with nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp)─was trialed in rabbit eyes with and without a proceeding chemical injury. In chemically injured eyes, which simulated total limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency, clear benefits were conferred by the coating. The total modified Hackett-McDonald score and area of tissue apposition differences 12 weeks after implantation were 5.0 and 22.5%, respectively. Mechanical push-in tests revealed that 31.8% greater work was required to detach the tissues. These differences were less marked in uninjured eyes, which showed total score and tissue apposition differences of 2.5 and 11.5%, respectively, and a work difference of 23.5%. The improved biointegration could be contributed by the attenuated expression of fibronectin (p = 0.036), collagen 3A1 (p = 0.033), and α-smooth muscle actin (p = 0.045)─proteins typically upregulated during nonadherent fibrous capsule envelopment of bioinert material─adjacent to the optical cylinders. The coating also appeared to induce a less immunogenic milieu in the ocular surface tissue, evidenced by the markedly lower expression of tear proteins associated with immune and stimulus responses. Collectively, the level of these tear proteins in eyes with coated prostheses was 1.1 ± 13.0% of naïve eyes: substantially lower than with noncoated KPros (246.5 ± 79.3% of naïve, p = 0.038). Together, our results indicated that nHAp coating may reduce the risk of prosthesis failure in severely injured eyes, which are representative of the cohort of KPro patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun J. Thirunavukarasu
- Tissue
Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore
Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Oxford
University Clinical Academic Graduate School, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United
Kingdom
| | - Fernando Morales-Wong
- Tissue
Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore
Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singapore
National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Autonomous
University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas
de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
| | | | - Evelina Han
- Tissue
Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore
Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Siew Kwan Koh
- Ocular
Proteomics Group, Singapore Eye Research
Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Centre
for Eye and Vision Research, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Viridiana Kocaba
- Tissue
Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore
Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Subramanian Venkatraman
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- iHealthTech, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Tissue
Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore
Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singapore
National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Ophthalmology
and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Andri K. Riau
- Tissue
Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore
Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology
and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Liu C, Lin MTY, Lee IXY, Wong JHF, Lu D, Lam TC, Zhou L, Mehta JS, Ong HS, Ang M, Tong L, Liu YC. Neuropathic Corneal Pain: Tear Proteomic and Neuromediator Profiles, Imaging Features, and Clinical Manifestations. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 265:6-20. [PMID: 38521157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) imaging features, and clinical manifestations in neuropathic corneal pain (NCP) patients. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 20 NCP patients and 20 age-matched controls were recruited. All subjects were evaluated by corneal sensitivity, Schirmer test, tear break-up time, and corneal and ocular surface staining, Ocular Surface Disease Index and Ocular Pain Assessment Survey questionnaires were administered, as well as IVCM examinations for corneal nerves, microneruomas, and epithelial and dendritic cells. Tears were collected for neuromediator and proteomic analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. RESULTS Burning and sensitivity to light were the 2 most common symptoms in NCP. A total of 188 significantly dysregulated proteins, such as elevated metallothionein-2, creatine kinases B-type, vesicle-associated membrane protein 2, neurofilament light polypeptide, and myelin basic protein, were identified in the NCP patients. The top 10 dysregulated biological pathways in NCP include neurotoxicity, axonal signaling, wound healing, neutrophil degradation, apoptosis, thrombin signaling mitochondrial dysfunction, and RHOGDI and P70S6K signaling pathways. Compared to controls, the NCP cohort presented with significantly decreased corneal sensitivity (P < .001), decreased corneal nerve fiber length (P = .003), corneal nerve fiber density (P = .006), and nerve fiber fractal dimension (P = .033), as well as increased corneal nerve fiber width (P = .002), increased length, total area and perimeter of microneuromas (P < .001, P < .001, P = .019), smaller corneal epithelial size (P = .017), and higher nerve growth factor level in tears (P = .006). CONCLUSIONS These clinical manifestations, imaging features, and molecular characterizations would contribute to the diagnostics and potential therapeutic targets for NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- From Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group (C.L., M.T.-Y.L., I.X.Y.L., J.S.M., H.S.O., Y.-C.L.), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group (C.L., J.S.M., H.S.O., Y.-C.L.), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Molly Tzu-Yu Lin
- From Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group (C.L., M.T.-Y.L., I.X.Y.L., J.S.M., H.S.O., Y.-C.L.), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Xin Yu Lee
- From Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group (C.L., M.T.-Y.L., I.X.Y.L., J.S.M., H.S.O., Y.-C.L.), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Jipson Hon Fai Wong
- Clinical Research Platform (J.H.F.W.), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Daqian Lu
- Centre for Myopia Research (D.L., T.C.L.), School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Chuen Lam
- Centre for Myopia Research (D.L., T.C.L.), School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR) (T.C.L.), Hong Kong
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Optometry (L.Z.), Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV); The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- From Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group (C.L., M.T.-Y.L., I.X.Y.L., J.S.M., H.S.O., Y.-C.L.), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group (C.L., J.S.M., H.S.O., Y.-C.L.), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease (J.S.M., H.S.O., M.A., L.T., Y.-C.L.), Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (J.S.M., H.S.O., M.A., Y.-C.L.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Hon Shing Ong
- From Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group (C.L., M.T.-Y.L., I.X.Y.L., J.S.M., H.S.O., Y.-C.L.), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group (C.L., J.S.M., H.S.O., Y.-C.L.), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease (J.S.M., H.S.O., M.A., L.T., Y.-C.L.), Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (J.S.M., H.S.O., M.A., Y.-C.L.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ang
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease (J.S.M., H.S.O., M.A., L.T., Y.-C.L.), Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (J.S.M., H.S.O., M.A., Y.-C.L.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease (J.S.M., H.S.O., M.A., L.T., Y.-C.L.), Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ocular Surface Research Group (L.T.), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Eye Academic Clinical Program (L.T.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology (L.T.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- From Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group (C.L., M.T.-Y.L., I.X.Y.L., J.S.M., H.S.O., Y.-C.L.), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group (C.L., J.S.M., H.S.O., Y.-C.L.), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease (J.S.M., H.S.O., M.A., L.T., Y.-C.L.), Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (J.S.M., H.S.O., M.A., Y.-C.L.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology (Y.-C.L.), National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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Ueland HO, Neset MT, Methlie P, Ueland GÅ, Pakdel F, Rødahl E. Molecular Biomarkers in Thyroid Eye Disease: A Literature Review. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 39:S19-S28. [PMID: 38054982 PMCID: PMC10697285 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves disease. Patients may be severely affected with eyelid retraction, exophthalmos, diplopia, pain, and threatened vision. Autoantibodies against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor have shown associations with pathophysiological and clinical traits. Autoantibodies against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor is in current clinical use as biomarker, but not with unambiguous diagnostic performance. A biomarker with high diagnostic accuracy and/or prognostic capability would be of immense value in diagnosing TED, especially in subclinical cases or when TED precedes the thyroid dysfunction. This article is a literature review on molecular biomarkers of TED. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase. Studies on molecular biomarkers in blood, tear fluid, and urine were included in the review. RESULTS Forty-six papers were included, of which 30, 14, and 2 studies on biomarkers in blood, tears, and urine, respectively. Fourteen of the papers evaluated the diagnostic performance of various biomarkers, 12 in blood and 2 in tears. Most studies evaluated single biomarkers, but 3 tested a panel of several markers. Except for autoantibodies against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, the reported diagnostic performances for the biomarkers were not confirmed in independent cohorts. In 32 studies, no or insufficient performance data were given, but the findings indicated involvement of various biologic mechanisms in TED including inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, lipid metabolism, and ocular surface microflora. CONCLUSIONS Currently, serum autoantibodies against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor is the only molecular biomarker with clinical utility in patients with TED. Several potential biomarkers have been investigated, and particularly panels of multiple biomarkers in tears are promising. To improve patient care, biomarkers in TED should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paal Methlie
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Farzad Pakdel
- Department of Oculo-Facial Plastic Surgery, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eyvind Rødahl
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Kazanskiy NL, Khonina SN, Butt MA. Smart Contact Lenses-A Step towards Non-Invasive Continuous Eye Health Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:933. [PMID: 37887126 PMCID: PMC10605521 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
According to the age-old adage, while eyes are often considered the gateway to the soul, they might also provide insights into a more pragmatic aspect of our health: blood sugar levels. This potential breakthrough could be realized through the development of smart contact lenses (SCLs). Although contact lenses were first developed for eyesight correction, new uses have recently become available. In the near future, it might be possible to monitor a variety of ocular and systemic disorders using contact lens sensors. Within the realm of glaucoma, SCLs present a novel prospect, offering a potentially superior avenue compared to traditional management techniques. These lenses introduce the possibility of non-invasive and continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP) while also enabling the personalized administration of medication as and when needed. This convergence holds great promise for advancing glaucoma care. In this review, recent developments in SCLs, including their potential applications, such as IOP and glucose monitoring, are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay L. Kazanskiy
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia
- IPSI RAS-Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, 443001 Samara, Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Khonina
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia
- IPSI RAS-Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, 443001 Samara, Russia
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Sauer N, Matkowski I, Bodalska G, Murawski M, Dzięgiel P, Calik J. Prognostic Role of Prolactin-Induced Protein (PIP) in Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2252. [PMID: 37759471 PMCID: PMC10527336 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactin-inducible protein (PIP), also referred to as gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15), has been a trending topic in recent years due to its potential role as a specific marker in breast cancer. PIP binds to aquaporin-5 (AQP5), CD4, actin, fibrinogen, β-tubulin, serum albumin, hydroxyapatite, zinc α2-glycoprotein, and the Fc fragment of IgGs, and the expression of PIP has been demonstrated to be modulated by various cytokines, including IL4/13, IL1, and IL6. PIP gene expression has been extensively studied due to its captivating nature. It is influenced by various factors, with androgens, progesterone, glucocorticosteroids, prolactin, and growth hormone enhancing its expression while estrogens suppress it. The regulatory mechanisms involve important proteins such as STAT5A, STAT5B, Runx2, and androgen receptor, which collaborate to enhance PIP gene transcription and protein production. The expression level of PIP in breast cancer is dependent on the tumor stage and subtype. Higher expression is observed in early-stage tumors of the luminal A subtype, while lower expression is associated with luminal B, basal-like, and triple-negative subtypes, which have a poorer prognosis. PIP expression is also correlated with apocrine differentiation, hormone receptor positivity, and longer metastasis-free survival. PIP plays a role in supporting the immune system's antitumor response during the early stages of breast cancer development. However, as cancer progresses, the protective role of PIP may become less effective or diminished. In this work, we summarized the clinical significance of the PIP molecule in breast cancer and its potential role as a new candidate for cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Old Town Clinic, 50-127 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Igor Matkowski
- Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Teaching Hospital, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Grażyna Bodalska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marek Murawski
- 1st Department and Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Calik
- Old Town Clinic, 50-127 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Qin G, Chao C, Lattery LJ, Lin H, Fu W, Richdale K, Cai C. Tear proteomic analysis of young glasses, orthokeratology, and soft contact lens wearers. J Proteomics 2023; 270:104738. [PMID: 36191803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Contact lens-related ocular surface complications occur more often in teenagers and young adults. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in tear proteome of young patients wearing glasses (GL), orthokeratology lenses (OK), and soft contact lenses (SCL). Twenty-two young subjects (10-26 years of age) who were established GL, OK, and SCL wearers were recruited. Proteomic data were collected using a data-independent acquisition-parallel accumulation serial fragmentation workflow. In total, 3406 protein groups were identified, the highest number of proteins identified in Schirmer strip tears to date. Eight protein groups showed higher abundance, and 11 protein groups showed lower abundance in the SCL group compared to the OK group. In addition, the abundance of 82 proteins significantly differed in children compared to young adult GL wearers, among which 67 proteins were higher, and 15 proteins were lower in children. These 82 proteins were involved in inflammation, immune, and glycoprotein metabolic biological processes. In summary, this work identified over 3000 proteins in Schirmer Strip tears. The results indicated that tear proteomes were altered by orthokeratology and soft contact wear and age, which warrants further larger-scale study on the ocular surface responses of teenagers and young adults separately to contact lens wear. SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, we examined the tear proteomes of young patients wearing glasses, orthokeratology lenses, and soft contact lenses using a data-independent acquisition-parallel accumulation serial fragmentation (diaPASEF) workflow and identified 3406 protein groups in Schirmer strip tears. Nineteen protein groups showed significant abundance changes between orthokeratology and soft contact lens wearers. Moreover, eighty-two protein groups significantly differed in abundance in children and young adult glasses wearers. As a pilot study, this work provides a deep coverage of tear proteome and suggests the need to investigate ocular responses to contact lens wear separately for children and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoting Qin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America; Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America.
| | - Cecilia Chao
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2023, Australia
| | - Lauren J Lattery
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering Technology, University of Houston - Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, United States of America
| | - Wenjiang Fu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Richdale
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Chengzhi Cai
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America.
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Bu Y, Shih KC, Wong HL, Kwok SS, Lo ACY, Chan JYK, Ng ALK, Chan TCY, Jhanji V, Tong L. The association between altered intestinal microbiome, impaired systemic and ocular surface immunity, and impaired wound healing response after corneal alkaline-chemical injury in diabetic mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1063069. [PMID: 36798135 PMCID: PMC9927643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1063069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aim to investigate the effect of sustained hyperglycemia on corneal epithelial wound healing, ocular surface and systemic immune response, and microbiome indices in diabetic mice compared to controls after alkaline chemical injury of the eye. Methods Corneal alkaline injury was induced in the right eye of Ins2Akita (Akita) mice and wild-type mice. The groups were observed at baseline and subsequently days 0, 3, and 7 after injury. Corneal re-epithelialization was observed under slit lamp with fluorescein staining using a cobalt blue light filter. Enucleated cornea specimens were compared at baseline and after injury for changes in cornea thickness under hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tear cytokine and growth factor levels were measured using protein microarray assay and compared between groups and time points. Flow cytometry was conducted on peripheral blood and ocular surface samples to determine CD3+CD4+ cell count. Fecal samples were collected, and gut microbiota composition and diversity pattern were measured using shotgun sequencing. Results Akita mice had significantly delayed corneal wound healing compared to controls. This was associated with a reduction in tear levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A, angiopoietin 2, and insulin growth factor 1 on days 0, 3, and 7 after injury. Furthermore, there was a distinct lack of upregulation of peripheral blood and ocular surface CD3+CD4+ cell counts in response to injury in Akita mice compared to controls. This was associated with a reduction in intestinal microbiome diversity indices in Akita mice compared to controls after injury. Specifically, there was a lower abundance of Firmicutes bacterium M10-2 in Akita mice compared to controls after injury. Conclusion In diabetic mice, impaired cornea wound healing was associated with an inability to mount systemic and local immune response to ocular chemical injury. Baseline and post-injury differences in intestinal microbial diversity and abundance patterns between diabetic mice and controls may potentially play a role in this altered response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashan Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kendrick Co Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Lam Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sum Sum Kwok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Amy Cheuk-Yin Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph Yau-Kei Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Lap-Ki Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tommy Chung-Yan Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Louis Tong
- Cornea and External Eye Disease Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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Recent advances in graves ophthalmopathy medical therapy: a comprehensive literature review. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1437-1449. [PMID: 36272013 PMCID: PMC10113320 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Graves ophthalmopathy (GO), which occurs in autoimmune thyroid disease, can reduce patients' quality of life due to its impact on visual function, physical appearance, and emotional health. Corticosteroids have been the first-line treatment for GO. More recently, the pathogenesis of GO has made significant progress. Various targeting biological agents and immunosuppressive agents make GO management more promising. Fully understanding GO pathogenesis and precise clinical management are beneficial for the prognosis of patients. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review of the medical management of GO and summarized research developments to highlight future research issues.
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Król-Grzymała A, Sienkiewicz-Szłapka E, Fiedorowicz E, Rozmus D, Cieślińska A, Grzybowski A. Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10123. [PMID: 36077520 PMCID: PMC9456033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological material is one of the most important aspects that allow for the correct diagnosis of the disease, and tears are an interesting subject of research because of the simplicity of collection, as the well as the relation to the components similar to other body fluids. In this review, biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) in tears are investigated and analyzed. Records were obtained from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases in a timeline of 2015-2022. The keywords were: tear film/tear biochemistry/tear biomarkers + diseases (AD, PD, or MS). The recent original studies were analyzed, discussed, and biomarkers present in tears that can be used for the diagnosis and management of AD, PD, and MS diseases were shown. α-synTotal and α-synOligo, lactoferrin, norepinephrine, adrenaline, epinephrine, dopamine, α-2-macroglobulin, proteins involved in immune response, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, apolipoprotein superfamily, and others were shown to be biomarkers in PD. For AD as potential biomarkers, there are: lipocalin-1, lysozyme-C, and lacritin, amyloid proteins, t-Tau, p-Tau; for MS there are: oligoclonal bands, lipids containing choline, free carnitine, acylcarnitines, and some amino acids. Information systematized in this review provides interesting data and new insight to help improve clinical outcomes for patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Król-Grzymała
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Fiedorowicz
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dominika Rozmus
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Cieślińska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, 61-553 Poznan, Poland
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Parvin S, Shahriary A, Aghamollaei H, Gh BFNM, Bagheri H, Ghanei M, Daryabari SH, Jadidi K, Arabfard M. Tear proteomics analysis of patient suffered from delayed mustard gas keratopathy. Proteome Sci 2022; 20:13. [PMID: 35948930 PMCID: PMC9364592 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-022-00195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ocular injured induced by mustard gas can help better identify complications and discover appropriate therapies. This study aimed to analyze the proteomics of tears of chemical warfare victims with mustard gas ocular injuries and compare it with healthy individuals. In this case-control research, 10 mustard gas victims with long-term ocular difficulties (Chronic) were included in the patient group, while 10 healthy persons who were age and sex matched to the patients were included in the control group. Schirmer strips were used to collect the tears of the participants. Proteomics experiments were performed using the high-efficiency TMT10X method to evaluate the tear protein profile, and statistical bioinformatics methods were used to identify the differently expressed proteins. 24 proteins had different expressions between the two groups. Among these 24 proteins, 8 proteins had increased expression in veterans' tears, while the remaining 16 proteins had decreased expression. Reactome pathways were used to look at proteins with various expressions, and 13 proteins were found to be engaged in the immune system, 9 of which were effective in the innate immune system, and 5 proteins were effective in the complement cascade. Ocular mustard gas exposure may cause a compromised immune system on the eye's surface, exposing the cornea to external and endogenous infections, and eventually causing corneal opacity and reduced vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Parvin
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Education Office, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Fatemeh Nobakht M Gh
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Hashem Daryabari
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Jadidi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Arabfard
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Poon SHL, Cheung JJC, Shih KC, Chan YK. A systematic review of multimodal clinical biomarkers in the management of thyroid eye disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:541-567. [PMID: 35066781 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is an autoimmune disease that affects the extraocular muscles and periorbital fat. It most commonly occurs with Graves' Disease (GD) as an extrathyroidal manifestation, hence, it is also sometimes used interchangeably with Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO). Well-known autoimmune markers for GD include thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies (TSH-R-Ab) which contribute to hyperthyroidism and ocular signs. Currently, apart from radiological investigations, detection of TED is based on clinical signs and symptoms which is largely subjective, with no established biomarkers which could differentiate TED from merely GD. We evaluated a total of 28 studies on potential biomarkers for diagnosis of TED. Articles included were published in English, which investigated clinical markers in tear fluid, orbital adipose-connective tissues, orbital fibroblasts and extraocular muscles, serum, thyroid tissue, as well as imaging biomarkers. Results demonstrated that biomarkers with reported diagnostic power have high sensitivity and specificity for TED, including those using a combination of biomarkers to differentiate between TED and GD, as well as the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Other biomarkers which were upregulated include cytokines, proinflammatory markers, and acute phase reactants in subjects with TED, which are however, deemed less specific to TED. Further clinical investigations for these biomarkers, scrutinising their specificity and sensitivity on a larger sample of patients, may point towards selection of suitable biomarkers for aiding detection and prognosis of TED in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hiu Ling Poon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 301B Cyberport 4, 100 Cyberport Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Kendrick Co Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 301B Cyberport 4, 100 Cyberport Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Yau Kei Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 301B Cyberport 4, 100 Cyberport Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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12
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Abstract
![]()
Personalized and
point-of-care (POC) diagnoses are critical for
ocular physiology and disease diagnosis. Real-time monitoring and
continuous sampling abilities of tear fluid and user-friendliness
have become the key characteristics for the applied ophthalmic techniques.
Fluorescence technologies, as one of the most popular methods that
can fulfill the requirements of clinical ophthalmic applications for
optical sensing, have been raised and applied for tear sensing and
diagnostic platforms in recent decades. Wearable sensors in this case
have been increasingly developed for ocular diagnosis. Contact lenses,
as one of the commercialized and popular tools for ocular dysfunction,
have been developed as a platform for fluorescence sensing in tears
diagnostics and real-time monitoring. Numbers of biochemical analytes
have been examined through developed fluorescent contact lens sensors,
including pH values, electrolytes, glucose, and enzymes. These sensors
have been proven for monitoring ocular conditions, enhancing and detecting
medical treatments, and tracking efficiency of related ophthalmic
surgeries at POC settings. This review summarizes the applied ophthalmic
fluorescence sensing technologies in tears for ocular diagnosis and
monitoring. In addition, the cooperation of fabricated fluorescent
sensor with mobile phone readout devices for diagnosing ocular diseases
with specific biomarkers continuously is also discussed. Further perspectives
for the developments and applications of fluorescent ocular sensing
and diagnosing technologies are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
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13
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Nandi SK, Singh D, Upadhay J, Gupta N, Dhiman N, Mittal SK, Mahindroo N. Identification of tear-based protein and non-protein biomarkers: Its application in diagnosis of human diseases using biosensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:838-846. [PMID: 34728300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of robust, selective and specific biomarkers are important for early diagnosis and monitor progression of human diseases. Eye being a common target for several human diseases, vision impediment and complications are often associated with systemic and ocular diseases. Tears are bodily fluids that are closest to eye and are rich in protein content and other metabolites. As a biomarker repository, it advantages over other bodily fluids due to the ability to collect it non-invasively. In this review, we highlight some recent advancements in identification of tear-based protein biomarkers like lacryglobin and cystatin SA for cancer; interleukin-6 and immunoglobulin-A antibody for COVID-19; tau, amyloid-β-42 and lysozyme-C for Alzheimer's disease; peroxiredoxin-6 and α-synuclein for Parkinson's disease; kallikrein, angiotensin converting enzyme and lipocalin-1 for glaucoma; lactotransferrin and lipophilin-A for diabetic retinopathy and zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein-1, prolactin and calcium binding protein-A4 for eye thyroid disease. We also discussed identification of tear based non-protein biomarkers like lysophospholipids and acetylcarnitine for glaucoma, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyquanosine and malondialdehyde for thyroid eye disease. We elucidate technological advancement in developing tear-based biosensors for diagnosis and monitoring diseases such as diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Altogether, the study of tears as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of human diseases is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K Nandi
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
| | - Deepanmol Singh
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Jyoti Upadhay
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Neeti Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Nayan Dhiman
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Mittal
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Neeraj Mahindroo
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
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14
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Khazaei H, Khazaei D, Verma R, Ng J, Wilmarth PA, David LL, Rosenbaum JT. The potential of tear proteomics for diagnosis and management of orbital inflammatory disorders including Graves' ophthalmopathy. Exp Eye Res 2021; 213:108813. [PMID: 34742692 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orbital compartments harbor a variety of tissues that can be independently targeted in a plethora of disorders resulting in sight-threatening risks. Orbital inflammatory disorders (OID) including Graves' ophthalmopathy, sarcoidosis, IgG4 disease, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and nonspecific orbital inflammation constitute an important cause of pain, diplopia and vision loss. Physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging, and even biopsy are not always adequate to classify orbital inflammation which is frequently deemed "nonspecific". Tear sampling and testing provide a potential "window" to the orbital disease process through a non-invasive technique that allows longitudinal sampling as the disease evolves. Using PubMed/Medline, we identified potentially relevant articles on tear proteomics published in the English language between 1988 and 2021. Of 303 citations obtained, 225 contained empirical data on tear proteins, including 33 publications on inflammatory conditions, 15 in glaucoma, 15 in thyroid eye disease, 1 in sarcoidosis (75) and 2 in uveitis (77,78). Review articles were used to identify an additional 56 relevant articles through citation search. In this review, we provide a short introduction to the potential use of tears as a diagnostic fluid and tool to investigate the mechanism of ocular diseases. A general review of previous tear proteomics studies is also provided, with a focus on Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), and a discussion of unmet needs in the diagnosis and treatment of orbital inflammatory disease (OID). The review concludes by pointing out current limitations of mass spectrometric analysis of tear proteins and summarizes future needs in the field.
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15
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Adigal SS, Rizvi A, Rayaroth NV, John RV, Barik A, Bhandari S, George SD, Lukose J, Kartha VB, Chidangil S. Human tear fluid analysis for clinical applications: progress and prospects. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:767-787. [PMID: 34115952 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1941879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Human blood and saliva are increasingly under investigation for the detection of biomarkers for early diagnosis of non-communicable (e.g.cancers) and communicable diseases like COVID-19. Exploring the potential application of human tears, an easily accessible body fluid, for the diagnosis of various diseases is the need of the hour.Areas covered: This review deals with a comprehensive account of applications of tear analysis using different techniques, their comparison and overall progress achieved till now. The techniques used for tear fluid analysis are HPLC/UPLC/SDS-PAGE, CE, etc., together with ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, etc. But, with advances in instrumentation and data processing methods, it has become easy to couple the various separation methods with highly sensitive optical techniques for the analysis of body fluids.Expert opinion: Tear analysis can provide valuable information about the health condition of the eyes since it contains several molecular constituents, and their relative concentrations may alter under abnormal conditions. Tear analysis has the advantage that it is totally non-invasive. This study recommends tear fluid as a reliable clinical sample to be probed by highly sensitive optical techniques to diagnose different health conditions, with special emphasis on eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sphurti S Adigal
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Alisha Rizvi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasthurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nidheesh V Rayaroth
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Reena V John
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajayakumar Barik
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sulatha Bhandari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasthurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sajan D George
- Centre for Applied Nanotechnology, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasudevan B Kartha
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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16
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Liu YC, Yam GHF, Lin MTY, Teo E, Koh SK, Deng L, Zhou L, Tong L, Mehta JS. Comparison of tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles changes between small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). J Adv Res 2021; 29:67-81. [PMID: 33842006 PMCID: PMC8020296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The tear proteomics and neuromediators are associated with clinical dry eye parameters following refractive surgery. Purpose To investigate and compare the tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods In this randomized controlled trial with paired-eye design, 70 patients were randomized to receive SMILE in one eye and LASIK in the other eye. Tear samples were collected preoperatively, and 1 week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and were examined for protein concentration changes using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). The data were analyzed with DAVID Bioinformatics Resources for enriched gene ontology terms and over-represented pathways. Tear neuromediators levels were correlated with clinical parameters. Results Post-SMILE eyes had significantly better Oxford staining scores and tear break-up time (TBUT) than post-LASIK eyes at 1 and 3 months, respectively. Tear substance P and nerve growth factor levels were significantly higher in the LASIK group for 3 months and 1 year, respectively. SMILE and LASIK shared some similar biological responses postoperatively, but there was significant up-regulation in leukocyte migration and wound healing at 1 week, humoral immune response and apoptosis at 1 month, negative regulation of endopeptidase activity at 3 to 6 months, and extracellular structure organization at 1 year in the post-LASIK eyes. Tear mucin-like protein 1 and substance P levels were significantly correlated with TBUT (r = -0.47, r = -0.49, respectively). Conclusion Significant differences in the tear neuromediators and proteomics were observed between SMILE and LASIK, even though clinical dry eye signs have subsided and became comparable between 2 procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Molly Tzu-Yu Lin
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Ericia Teo
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Siew-Kwan Koh
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Lu Deng
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Ocular Surface Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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17
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Han JS, Kim SE, Jin JQ, Park NR, Lee JY, Kim HL, Lee SB, Yang SW, Lim DJ. Tear-Derived Exosome Proteins Are Increased in Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031115. [PMID: 33498689 PMCID: PMC7866068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA that mediate intercellular signaling. Exosomes can contribute to the pathological processes of various diseases, although their roles in ocular diseases are unclear. We aimed to isolate exosomes from tear fluids (TF) of patients with Thyroid eye disease (TED) and analyze the exosomal proteins. TFs were collected from eight patients with TED and eight control subjects. The number of TF exosomes were measured using nanoparticle-tracking analysis. The expression of specific proteins in the purified exosome pellets were analyzed using a Proteome Profiler Array Kit. Cultured normal orbital fibroblasts were incubated with TF exosomes from patients with TED and control subjects, and changes in inflammatory cytokine levels were compared. TF exosomes from TED patients showed more exosomes than the control subjects. The expression levels of exosomal proteins vitamin D-binding (VDB) protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were significantly increased in patients with TED, compared to those of controls. Orbital fibroblasts exposed to TF exosomes from patients with TED showed significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production than those treated with control TF exosomes. Specific proteins showed higher expression in exosomes from TED patients, implying that they may play keys roles in TED pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Sun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.-S.H.); (J.-Q.J.)
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.E.K.); (N.R.P.)
| | - Jun-Qing Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.-S.H.); (J.-Q.J.)
| | - Na Ri Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.E.K.); (N.R.P.)
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Hansen’s Disease, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (S.-B.L.)
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, Laboratory of Electron Microscope, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Seong-Beom Lee
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Hansen’s Disease, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (S.-B.L.)
| | - Suk-Woo Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.E.K.); (N.R.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.-W.Y.); (D.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2258-6009 (D.-J.L.)
| | - Dong-Jun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.-S.H.); (J.-Q.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.-W.Y.); (D.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2258-6009 (D.-J.L.)
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18
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Jiang L, Rong A, Wei R, Diao J, Ding H, Wang W. Tear proteomics of orbital decompression for disfiguring exophthalmos in inactive thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:253. [PMID: 33178351 PMCID: PMC7654220 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress and achievements that have been made in tear proteomics in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) are critical for exploring the pathogenesis of TAO and investigating potential therapeutic targets. However, the tear proteomics of orbital decompression for disfiguring exophthalmos in inactive TAO have yet to be properly investigated. In the present study, orbital decompression was performed to repair disfiguring exophthalmos in patients with inactive TAO. Tears were collected before and after orbital decompression in patients with inactive TAO. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to explore the changes in tear proteomics. Bioinformatics analyses were then employed to analyze the functions of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) identified by LC-MS/MS. The palpebral fissure height and exophthalmia area were significantly restored after 1 month of orbital decompression such that they approached the normal levels identified in healthy eyeballs. Among the 669 proteins identified by LC-MS/MS, 83 proteins were changed significantly between the preoperative and postoperative stages in inactive TAO patients and healthy control individuals. The DEPs were predicted to be involved in numerous signaling pathways. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that pathways associated with the immune system, metabolism, programmed cell death, vesicle-mediated transport, neuronal system and extracellular matrix organization may fulfill significant roles in orbital decompression in patients with inactive TAO. Taken together, these results provided a preliminary understanding of the mechanism of orbital decompression for disfiguring exophthalmos in inactive TAO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Zhabei Central Hospital, Jingan District, Shanghai 200070, P.R. China
| | - Ao Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Ruili Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medicine University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Diao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medicine University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhabei Central Hospital, Jingan District, Shanghai 200070, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhabei Central Hospital, Jingan District, Shanghai 200070, P.R. China
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Proteomics in thyroid cancer and other thyroid-related diseases: A review of the literature. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Aghamollaei H, Parvin S, Shahriary A. Review of proteomics approach to eye diseases affecting the anterior segment. J Proteomics 2020; 225:103881. [PMID: 32565161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Visual impairment and blindness is a major health burden worldwide, and major ocular diseases causing visual impairment pertain to the anterior segment of the eye. Anterior segment ocular diseases are common, yet complex entities. Although many treatment options and surgical techniques are available for these ailments, the underlying cause and pathogenesis is still unclear. Finding ways to fundamentally treat these patients and rectify the underlying dysregulations leading to the disease may help cure patients completely without major complications. Proteomics approaches are a novel way to distinguish dysregulated proteins in a variety of biological tissues in a hypothesis-free manner, thus helping to find the responsible pathways leading to a certain disease. The aim of the current study is to review the available knowledge in scientific literature regarding the proteomics studies done on anterior segment eye diseases and suggest potential clinical implications to exploit the results of these studies. SIGNIFICANCE: Anterior segment ocular diseases are responsible for a major proportion of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Although ophthalmologists have several treatment options that can alleviate or control the progression of these diseases, no definite cure is available for most of them. Moreover, because these diseases are progressive, prompt diagnosis is of utmost important. Proteomics studies enable us to identify and quantify the dysregulated proteins in a biological specimen in a hypothesis-free manner. Understanding the dysregulated protein pathways shines a light on the pathogenesis of the disease. Moreover, these dysregulated proteins may act as biomarkers to help in diagnosis and treatment follow-up. Hence, in this article we sought out to review the available scientific literature regarding the proteomics studies of anterior segment ocular diseases and to identify potential applications of proteomic studies in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Parvin
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To offer an update on advances and controversies in the assessment, investigation and treatment of thyroid eye disease (TED), a disfiguring orbital autoimmune disease, which can manifest with diplopia and threaten not only sight - but also life. RECENT FINDINGS Developments in biomarkers and imaging are helping to tailor the management of patients. Emerging therapies target different pathways in the disease and are informed by studies into TED pathogenesis: the last 2 years has, for example, seen the culmination of a two-decade long bench-to-bedside story in which an original focus on the IGF1 receptor has translated into an effective treatment for proptosis in thyroid eye disease. Whether this will result in a real-world reduction in TED-related morbidity will depend on access; commercial pricing decisions may preclude widespread adoption of novel therapies. SUMMARY Thyroid eye disease research is enjoying a renaissance with advances in both monitoring and treatment coupled with a renewed emphasis on a holisitic approach, which includes aesthetic care for patients; this is perhaps the most exciting time to be part of the international thyroid eye disease community in decades - for physicians, surgeons and patients. The commercial window for break-through drugs are narrowing with an array of new therapeutic agents in the pipeline over the coming decade.
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