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Shafiey SI, Ahmed KA, Abo-Saif AA, Abo-Youssef AM, Mohamed WR. Galantamine mitigates testicular injury and disturbed spermatogenesis in adjuvant arthritic rats via modulating apoptosis, inflammatory signals, and IL-6/JAK/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:405-418. [PMID: 37429998 PMCID: PMC10907493 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects the joints and the endocrine system via persistent immune system activation. RA patients have a higher frequency of testicular dysfunction, impotence, and decreased libido. This investigation aimed to evaluate the efficacy of galantamine (GAL) on testicular injury secondary to RA. Rats were allocated into four groups: control, GAL (2 mg/kg/day, p.o), CFA (0.3 mg/kg, s.c), and CFA + GAL. Testicular injury indicators, such as testosterone level, sperm count, and gonadosomatic index, were evaluated. Inflammatory indicators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), p-Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB p65), and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), were assessed. Cleaved caspase-3 expression was immunohistochemically investigated. Protein expressions of Janus kinase (JAK), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3), and Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) were examined by Western blot analysis. Results show that serum testosterone, sperm count, and gonadosomatic index were increased significantly by GAL. Additionally, GAL significantly diminished testicular IL-6 while improved IL-10 expression relative to CFA group. Furthermore, GAL attenuated testicular histopathological abnormalities by CFA and downregulated cleaved caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 expressions. It also downregulated JAK/STAT3 cascade with SOCS3 upregulation. In conclusion, GAL has potential protective effects on testicular damage secondary to RA via counteracting testicular inflammation, apoptosis, and inhibiting IL-6/JAK/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Shafiey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ali A Abo-Saif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Amira M Abo-Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
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2
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Zhou B, Zhang Y, Dang X, Li B, Wang H, Gong S, Li S, Meng F, Xing J, Li T, He L, Zou P, Wan Y. Up-regulation of the human-specific CHRFAM7A gene protects against renal fibrosis in mice with obstructive nephropathy. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 27:52-65. [PMID: 36479618 PMCID: PMC9806291 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a major factor in the progression of chronic kidney diseases. Obstructive nephropathy is a common cause of renal fibrosis, which is also accompanied by inflammation. To explore the effect of human-specific CHRFAM7A expression, an inflammation-related gene, on renal fibrosis during obstructive nephropathy, we studied CHRFAM7A transgenic mice and wild type mice that underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) injury. Transgenic overexpression of CHRFAM7A gene inhibited UUO-induced renal fibrosis, which was demonstrated by decreased fibrotic gene expression and collagen deposition. Furthermore, kidneys from transgenic mice had reduced TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 expression following UUO compared with those from wild type mice with UUO. In addition, the overexpression of CHRFAM7A decreased release of inflammatory cytokines in the kidneys of UUO-injured mice. In vitro, the overexpression of CHRFAM7A inhibited TGF-β1-induced increase in expression of fibrosis-related genes in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells). Additionally, up-regulated expression of CHRFAM7A in HK-2 cells decreased TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibited activation f TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathways. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that overexpression of the human-specific CHRFAM7A gene can reduce UUO-induced renal fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathway to reduce inflammatory reactions and EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingru Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Yudian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Xitong Dang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of EducationSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Shu Gong
- Science and Technology DivisionSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Siwen Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Juan Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Longfei He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Ping Zou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
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Raja A, Zelikoff JT, Jaimes EA. A contemporary review of nephrotoxicity and e-cigarette use. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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An efficient matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction combined with online preconcentration by electrokinetic supercharging in capillary electrophoresis for the sensitive determination of two alkaloids in complicated samples matrix. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Kanda M, Shimizu D, Nakamura S, Sawaki K, Umeda S, Miwa T, Tanaka H, Inokawa Y, Hattori N, Hayashi M, Tanaka C, Nakayama G, Iguchi Y, Katsuno M, Kodera Y. Blockade of CHRNB2 signaling with a therapeutic monoclonal antibody attenuates the aggressiveness of gastric cancer cells. Oncogene 2021; 40:5495-5504. [PMID: 34331011 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of antibodies (Abs) targeting cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit (CHRNB2) in gastric cancer. To investigate the effects of these Abs on malignant phenotypes in vitro and in mouse xenograft models, we generated gene knockouts through genome editing, performed RNA interference-mediated knockdown of gene expression, and ectopically expressed CHRNB2 in gastric cancer cells. The effects of anti-CHRNB2 Abs on the proliferation of cancer cells were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. We determined the effects of Chrnb2 deficiency on mice and the clinical significance of CHRNB2 expression in gastric cancer clinical specimens. Knockdown of CHRNB2 attenuated gastric cancer cell proliferation, whereas forced overexpression of CHRNB2 increased cell proliferation. Knockout of CHRNB2 significantly influenced cell survival and functions associated with metastasis. The effects of polyclonal Abs targeting the C- and N-termini of CHRNB2 guided the development of anti-CHRNB2 monoclonal Abs that inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Pathway analysis revealed that CHRNB2 interfered with signaling through the PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT pathways. Chrnb2-deficient mice exhibited normal reproduction, organ functions, and motor functions. CHRNB2 regulates multiple oncological phenotypes associated with metastasis, and blockade of CHRNB2 expression using specific Abs shows promise for controlling metastasis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Sawaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Miwa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Inokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norifumi Hattori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yohei Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Hammarlund ME, Darsalia V, Mjörnstedt F, Pattanaik B, Mallard C, Rocha-Ferreira E, Patrone C, Johansson M. The selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist AR-R17779 does not affect ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20210736. [PMID: 34008839 PMCID: PMC8200656 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a central role in stroke-induced brain injury. The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) can modulate immune responses in both the periphery and the brain. The aims of the present study were to investigate α7nAChR expression in different brain regions and evaluate the potential effect of the selective α7nAChR agonist AR-R17779 on ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to evaluate the absolute expression of the gene encoding α7nAChR (Chrna7) in hippocampus, striatum, thalamus and cortex in adult, naïve mice. Mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) or sham surgery were treated with α7nAChR agonist AR-R17779 (12 mg/kg) or saline once daily for 5 days. Infarct size and microglial activation 7 days after tMCAO were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Chrna7 expression was found in all analyzed brain regions in naïve mice with the highest expression in cortex and hippocampus. At sacrifice, white blood cell count was significantly decreased in AR-R17779 treated mice compared with saline controls in the sham groups, although, no effect was seen in the tMCAO groups. Brain injury and microglial activation were evident 7 days after tMCAO. However, no difference was found between mice treated with saline or AR-R17779. In conclusion, α7nAChR expression varies in different brain regions and, despite a decrease in white blood cells in sham mice receiving AR-R17779, this compound does not affect stroke-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Hammarlund
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vladimer Darsalia
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip Mjörnstedt
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bagmi Pattanaik
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eridan Rocha-Ferreira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cesare Patrone
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria E. Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zhang W, Chen H, Ding L, Gong J, Zhang M, Guo W, Xu P, Li S, Zhang Y. Trojan Horse Delivery of 4,4'-Dimethoxychalcone for Parkinsonian Neuroprotection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004555. [PMID: 33977069 PMCID: PMC8097374 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive deterioration of dopamine (DA) neurons, and therapeutic endeavors are aimed at preventing DA loss. However, lack of effective brain delivery approaches limits this strategy. In this study, a "Trojan horse" system is used for substantia nigra-targeted delivery of a blood brain barrier-penetrating peptide (RVG29) conjugated to the surface of nanoparticles loaded with the natural autophagy inducer 4,4'-dimethoxychalcone (DMC) (designated as RVG-nDMC). Here, the neuroprotective effects of DMC are demonstrated in PD. Specifically, RVG-nDMC penetrates the blood brain barrier with enhanced brain-targeted delivery efficiency and is internalized by DA neurons and microglia. In vivo studies demonstrate that RVG-nDMC ameliorates motor deficits and nigral DA neuron death in PD mice without causing overt adverse effects in the brain or other major organs. Moreover, RVG-nDMC reverses tyrosine hydroxylase ubiquitination and degradation, alleviates oxidative stress in DA neurons, and exerts antiinflammatory effects in microglia. The "Trojan horse" strategy for targeted delivery of DMC thus provides a potentially powerful and clinically feasible approach for PD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Huaqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou511436China
| | - Liuyan Ding
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Junwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou511436China
| | - Mengran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou511436China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Shiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou511436China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou511436China
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El-Emam MA, El Achy S, Abdallah DM, El-Abhar HS, Gowayed MA. Neuroprotective role of galantamine with/without physical exercise in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. Life Sci 2021; 277:119459. [PMID: 33836162 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The fact that physical activity besides central cholinergic enhancement contributes in improving neuronal function and spastic plasticity, recommends the use of the anticholinesterase and cholinergic drug galantamine with/without exercise in the management of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sedentary and 14 days exercised male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to EAE. Hereafter, exercised rats continued on rotarod for 30 min for 17 consecutive days. At the onset of symptoms (day 13), EAE sedentary/exercised groups were subdivided into untreated and post-treated with galantamine. The disease progression was assessed by EAE score, motor performance, and biochemically using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Cerebellum and brain stem samples were used for histopathology and immunohistochemistry analysis. KEY FINDINGS Galantamine decreased EAE score of sedentary/exercised rats and enhanced their motor performance. Galantamine with/without exercise inhibited CSF levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), besides caspase-3 and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression in the brain stem. Contrariwise, it has elevated CSF levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) and enhanced remyelination of cerebral neurons. Noteworthy, exercise boosted the drug effect on Bcl-2 and Bax. SIGNIFICANCE The neuroprotective effect of galantamine against EAE was associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potentials, along with increasing BDNF and remyelination. It also normalized regulatory T-cells levels in the brain stem. The impact of the add-on of exercise was markedly manifested in reducing neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Emam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samar El Achy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mennatallah A Gowayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Wang Z, Liu T, Yin C, Li Y, Gao F, Yu L, Wang Q. Electroacupuncture Pretreatment Ameliorates Anesthesia and Surgery-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction via Activation of an α7-nAChR Signal in Aged Rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:2599-2611. [PMID: 34413646 PMCID: PMC8370114 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s322047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after anesthesia and surgery (AS) is a common complication in the elderly population. A cholinergic-dependent signal, the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), has been suggested to regulate cognitive processes in a variety of neurologic diseases. In the current study, we determined whether electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment ameliorates AS-induced POCD in aged rats, as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (20 months old) were randomly assigned to the following 5 groups (n=12): vehicle; POCD (tibial fracture surgery); EA plus POCD; EA plus POCD and alpha-bungarotoxin (α-BGT); and POCD plus α-BGT groups. Alpha-bungarotoxin (1 μg/kg), a selective antagonist of α7-nAChR, was administrated via intraperitoneal injection before EA. Thirty days post-AS, the Morris water maze and a novel objective recognition test were used to evaluate cognitive function. Neuronal amount, apoptosis, microglial activation, percentage of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)- and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-positive microglia, and levels of HMGB-1 downstream factors, including NF-κB, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β, were detected by Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, and Western blot assays. RESULTS EA pretreatment significantly increased crossing platform times and elevated the time with a novel object, restored the quantity of neurons, decreased TUNEL-positive neurons, alleviated activation of microglia, downregulated expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB in the microglia, and reduced levels of phosphor-NF-κB, IL-6, and IL-1β 35 days after AS, while α-BGT partially reversed these changes. CONCLUSION EA pretreatment improved AS-induced POCD in aged rats, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with inhibition of HMGB1-NF-κB via an α7-nAChR signal in the microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianlin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiujun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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10
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Wang W, Xu H, Lin H, Molnar M, Ren H. The role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in septic cardiomyopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107160. [PMID: 33243604 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM)is common in septic patients and results in cardiovascular failure. The pathogenesis of SCM is complicated, and patients with SCM have high mortality because current treatment methods are limited. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) modulates inflammatory responses through vagus nerve stimulation that leads to the release of acetylcholine (ACh), which binds to the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Moreover, α7nAChR activation by its agonists at the tissue level inhibits inflammatory mediators and regulates the function of immune cells in sepsis. Therefore, the α7nAChR can maintain balance of the inflammatory-immune response in sepsis. CAP has been elucidated as a critical regulator of anti-inflammation in many diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory boweldisease and SCM. Additionally, some clinical and preclinical trials show therapeutic potential via regulating CAP. There are excellent studies regarding the beneficial role of CAP activation, especially α7nAChR, in experimental SCM. This review aims to discuss the CAP in attenuating inflammation and the potential role of α7nAChR activation in regulating immune and reducing inflammation in SCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huan Lin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Megan Molnar
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.
| | - Hongsheng Ren
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Mannon EC, O'Connor PM. Alkali supplementation as a therapeutic in chronic kidney disease: what mediates protection? Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F1090-F1104. [PMID: 33166183 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00343.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) has been recognized as a possible therapy to target chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Several small clinical trials have demonstrated that supplementation with NaHCO3 or other alkalizing agents slows renal functional decline in patients with CKD. While the benefits of NaHCO3 treatment have been thought to result from restoring pH homeostasis, a number of studies have now indicated that NaHCO3 or other alkalis may provide benefit regardless of the presence of metabolic acidosis. These data have raised questions as to how NaHCO3 protects the kidneys. To date, the physiological mechanism(s) that mediates the reported protective effect of NaHCO3 in CKD remain unclear. In this review, we first examine the evidence from clinical trials in support of a beneficial effect of NaHCO3 and other alkali in slowing kidney disease progression and their relationship to acid-base status. Then, we discuss the physiological pathways that have been proposed to underlie these renoprotective effects and highlight strengths and weaknesses in the data supporting each pathway. Finally, we discuss how answering key questions regarding the physiological mechanism(s) mediating the beneficial actions of NaHCO3 therapy in CKD is likely to be important in the design of future clinical trials. We conclude that basic research in animal models is likely to be critical in identifying the physiological mechanisms underlying the benefits of NaHCO3 treatment in CKD. Gaining an understanding of these pathways may lead to the improved implementation of NaHCO3 as a therapy in CKD and perhaps other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor C Mannon
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paul M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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12
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Juza R, Vlcek P, Mezeiova E, Musilek K, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Recent advances with 5-HT 3 modulators for neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1593-1678. [PMID: 32115745 DOI: 10.1002/med.21666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan [5-HT]) is a biologically active amine expressed in platelets, in gastrointestinal (GI) cells and, to a lesser extent, in the central nervous system (CNS). This biogenic compound acts through the activation of seven 5-HT receptors (5-HT1-7 Rs). The 5-HT3 R is a ligand-gated ion channel belonging to the Cys-loop receptor family. There is a wide variety of 5-HT3 R modulators, but only receptor antagonists (known as setrons) have been used clinically for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and irritable bowel syndrome treatment. However, since the discovery of the setrons in the mid-1980s, a large number of studies have been published exploring new potential applications due their potency in the CNS and mild side effects. The results of these studies have revealed new potential applications, including the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and drug abuse. In this review, we provide information related to therapeutic potential of 5-HT3 R antagonists on GI and neuropsychiatric disorders. The major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel 5-HT3 R modulators developed over the past 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Juza
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Premysl Vlcek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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13
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Gowayed MA, Mahmoud SA, Michel TN, Kamel MA, El-Tahan RA. Galantamine in rheumatoid arthritis: A cross talk of parasympathetic and sympathetic system regulates synovium-derived microRNAs and related pathogenic pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Hou X, Fu M, Cheng B, Kang Y, Xie D. Galanthamine improves myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiac dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis, and myocardial fibrosis by suppressing AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in rats. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:634. [PMID: 31930035 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important cause of myocardial infarction and heart failure after cardiovascular surgery. Galanthamine (Gal) is an important Amaryllidaceae alkaloid with anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Gal in myocardial I/R injury. Methods In this study, an animal model of myocardial I/R injury was constructed, and the rats were divided into five groups (n=10): the sham, I/R model, I/R + Gal (1 mg/kg), I/R + Gal (3 mg/kg), and I/R + Aspirin (20 mg/kg) groups. The expression of related proteins was detected by Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry, and Histological lesion was detected by HE staining. Results Results showed that Gal improves I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats. Moreover, Gal inhibits I/R-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related apoptosis by suppressing the expression of CHOP, Cleaved caspase 12, and caspase 3, and promoting the expression of CADD34 and BiP in rats. Furthermore, Gal mitigates I/R-induced myocardial fibrosis through restraining the expression of α-SMA and Collagen I in rats. Mechanically, Gal promoted the expression of AMPKα1, Nrf2 and HO-1. However, AMPK inhibitor Compound C exhibited the opposite effects. Collectively, this finding suggests that Gal improves I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction, ERS-related apoptosis, and myocardial fibrosis by activating AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in myocardial I/R rats. Conclusions Given this evidence, Gal may be a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Minhuan Fu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dili Xie
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
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15
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Joshi U, Pearson A, Evans JE, Langlois H, Saltiel N, Ojo J, Klimas N, Sullivan K, Keegan AP, Oberlin S, Darcey T, Cseresznye A, Raya B, Paris D, Hammock B, Vasylieva N, Hongsibsong S, Stern LJ, Crawford F, Mullan M, Abdullah L. A permethrin metabolite is associated with adaptive immune responses in Gulf War Illness. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:545-559. [PMID: 31325531 PMCID: PMC7155744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI), affecting 30% of veterans from the 1991 Gulf War (GW), is a multi-symptom illness with features similar to those of patients with autoimmune diseases. The objective of the current work is to determine if exposure to GW-related pesticides, such as permethrin (PER), activates peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) adaptive immune responses. In the current study, we focused on a PER metabolite, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), as this is a common metabolite previously shown to form adducts with endogenous proteins. We observed the presence of 3-PBA and 3-PBA modified lysine of protein peptides in the brain, blood and liver of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and PER (PB+PER) exposed mice at acute and chronic post-exposure timepoints. We tested whether 3-PBA-haptenated albumin (3-PBA-albumin) can activate immune cells since it is known that chemically haptenated proteins can stimulate immune responses. We detected autoantibodies against 3-PBA-albumin in plasma from PB + PER exposed mice and veterans with GWI at chronic post-exposure timepoints. We also observed that in vitro treatment of blood with 3-PBA-albumin resulted in the activation of B- and T-helper lymphocytes and that these immune cells were also increased in blood of PB + PER exposed mice and veterans with GWI. These immune changes corresponded with elevated levels of infiltrating monocytes in the brain and blood of PB + PER exposed mice which coincided with alterations in the markers of blood-brain barrier disruption, brain macrophages and neuroinflammation. These studies suggest that pesticide exposure associated with GWI may have resulted in the activation of the peripheral and CNS adaptive immune responses, possibly contributing to an autoimmune-type phenotype in veterans with GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Joshi
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Pearson
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - James E. Evans
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Heather Langlois
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Saltiel
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Ojo
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nancy Klimas
- NOVA Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA,Miami VAMC, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Oberlin
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Balaram Raya
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Paris
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- Environment and Health Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang, Thailand
| | - Lawrence J. Stern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
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16
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Nath KA, Garovic VD, Grande JP, Croatt AJ, Ackerman AW, Farrugia G, Katusic ZS, Belcher JD, Vercellotti GM. Heme oxygenase-2 protects against ischemic acute kidney injury: influence of age and sex. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F695-F704. [PMID: 31215802 PMCID: PMC6842883 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00085.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) activity is exhibited by inducible (HO-1) and constitutive (HO-2) proteins. HO-1 protects against ischemic and nephrotoxic acute kidney injury (AKI). We have previously demonstrated that HO-2 protects against heme protein-induced AKI. The present study examined whether HO-2 is protective in ischemic AKI. Renal ischemia was imposed on young and aged HO-2+/+ and HO-2-/- mice. On days 1 and 2 after renal ischemia, there were no significant differences in renal function between young male HO-2+/+ and HO-2-/- mice, between young female HO-2+/+ and HO-2-/- mice, or between aged female HO-2+/+ and HO-2-/- mice. However, in aged male mice, HO-2 deficiency worsened renal function on days 1 and 2 after ischemic AKI, and, on day 2 after ischemia, such deficiency augmented upregulation of injury-related genes and worsened histological injury. Renal HO activity was markedly decreased in unstressed aged male HO-2-/- mice and remained so after ischemia, despite exaggerated HO-1 induction in HO-2-/- mice after ischemia. Such exacerbation of deficiency of HO-2 protein and HO activity may reflect phosphorylated STAT3, as activation of this proinflammatory transcription factor was accentuated early after ischemia in aged male HO-2-/- mice. This exacerbation may not reflect impaired induction of nephroprotectant genes, since the induction of HO-1, sirtuin 1, and β-catenin was accentuated in aged male HO-2-/- mice after ischemia. We conclude that aged male mice are hypersensitive to ischemic AKI and that HO-2 mitigates such sensitivity. We speculate that this protective effect of HO-2 may be mediated, at least in part, by suppression of phosphorylated STAT3-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Nath
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vesna D Garovic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Anthony J Croatt
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Allan W Ackerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - John D Belcher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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