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Berryman MA, Ilonen J, Triplett EW, Ludvigsson J. Functional metagenomic analysis reveals potential inflammatory triggers associated with genetic risk for autoimmune disease. J Autoimmun 2024; 148:103290. [PMID: 39033688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
To assess functional differences between the microbiomes of individuals with autoimmune risk-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetics and autoimmune protection-associated HLA, we performed a metagenomic analysis of stool samples from 72 infants in the All Babies in Southeast Sweden general-population cohort and assessed haplotype-peptide binding affinities. Infants with risk-associated HLA DR3-DQ2.5 and DR4-DQ8 had a higher abundance of known pathogen-associated molecular patterns and virulence related genes than infants with protection-associated HLA DR15-DQ6.2. However, there was limited overlap in the type of inflammatory trigger between risk groups. Supported by a high Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio and differentially abundant flagellated species, genes related to the synthesis of flagella were prominent in those with HLA DR3-DQ2.5. However, this haplotype had a significantly lower likelihood of binding affinity to flagellin peptides. O-antigen biosynthesis genes were significantly correlated with the risk genotypes and absent from protective genotype association, supported by the differential abundance of gram-negative bacteria seen in the risk-associated groups. Genes related to vitamin B biosynthesis stood out in higher abundance in infants with HLA DR3-DQ2.5/DR4-DQ8 heterozygosity compared to those with autoimmune-protective genetics. Prevotella species and genus were significantly abundant in all infant groups with high risk for autoimmune disease. The potential inflammatory triggers associated with genetic risk for autoimmunity have significant implications. These results suggest that certain HLA haplotypes may be creating the opportunity for dysbiosis and subsequent inflammation early in life by clearing beneficial microbes or not clearing proinflammatory microbes. This HLA gatekeeping may prevent genetically at-risk individuals from benefiting from probiotic therapies by restricting the colonization of those beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A Berryman
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eric W Triplett
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria's Children's Hospital and Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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2
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Hazra R, Chattopadhyay S, Mallick A, Gayen S, Roy S. Revealing the therapeutic properties of gut microbiota: transforming cancer immunotherapy from basic to clinical approaches. Med Oncol 2024; 41:175. [PMID: 38874788 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The immune system plays a pivotal role in the battle against cancer, serving as a formidable guardian in the ongoing fight against malignant cells. To combat these malignant cells, immunotherapy has emerged as a prevalent approach leveraging antibodies and peptides such as anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 to inhibit immune checkpoints and activate T lymphocytes. The optimization of gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating the defense system in the body. This study explores the potential of certain gut-resident bacteria to amplify the impact of immunotherapy. Contemporary antibiotic treatments, which can impair gut flora, may diminish the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers. Conversely, probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation can help re-establish intestinal microflora equilibrium. Additionally, the gut microbiome has been implicated in various strategies to counteract immune resistance, thereby enhancing the success of cancer immunotherapy. This paper also acknowledges cutting-edge technologies such as nanotechnology, CAR-T therapy, ACT therapy, and oncolytic viruses in modulating gut microbiota. Thus, an exhaustive review of literature was performed to uncover the elusive link that could potentiate the gut microbiome's role in augmenting the success of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudradeep Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Soumyadeep Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Arijit Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Sakuntala Gayen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India.
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3
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Arboleda-García A, Alarcon-Ruiz I, Boada-Acosta L, Boada Y, Vignoni A, Jantus-Lewintre E. Advancements in synthetic biology-based bacterial cancer therapy: A modular design approach. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 190:104088. [PMID: 37541537 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology aims to program living bacteria cells with artificial genetic circuits for user-defined functions, transforming them into powerful tools with numerous applications in various fields, including oncology. Cancer treatments have serious side effects on patients due to the systemic action of the drugs involved. To address this, new systems that provide localized antitumoral action while minimizing damage to healthy tissues are required. Bacteria, often considered pathogenic agents, have been used as cancer treatments since the early 20th century. Advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, microbiology, and oncology have improved bacterial therapies, making them safer and more effective. Here we propose six modules for a successful synthetic biology-based bacterial cancer therapy, the modules include Payload, Release, Tumor-targeting, Biocontainment, Memory, and Genetic Circuit Stability Module. These will ensure antitumor activity, safety for the environment and patient, prevent bacterial colonization, maintain cell stability, and prevent loss or defunctionalization of the genetic circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Arboleda-García
- Systems Biology and Biosystems Control Lab, Instituto de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - Ivan Alarcon-Ruiz
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lissette Boada-Acosta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yadira Boada
- Systems Biology and Biosystems Control Lab, Instituto de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vignoni
- Systems Biology and Biosystems Control Lab, Instituto de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Margul D, Yu C, AlHilli MM. Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Gynecologic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3849. [PMID: 37568665 PMCID: PMC10417375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers have varying response rates to immunotherapy due to the heterogeneity of each cancer's molecular biology and features of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). This article reviews key features of the TIME and its role in the pathophysiology and treatment of ovarian, endometrial, cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancer. Knowledge of the role of the TIME in gynecologic cancers has been rapidly developing with a large body of preclinical studies demonstrating an intricate yet dichotomous role that the immune system plays in either supporting the growth of cancer or opposing it and facilitating effective treatment. Many targets and therapeutics have been identified including cytokines, antibodies, small molecules, vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and bacterial-based therapies but most efforts in gynecologic cancers to utilize them have not been effective. However, with the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors, we have started to see the rapid and successful employment of therapeutics in cervical and endometrial cancer. There remain many challenges in utilizing the TIME, particularly in ovarian cancer, and further studies are needed to identify and validate efficacious therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariam M. AlHilli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.M.); (C.Y.)
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5
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Yan X, Bai L, Qi P, Lv J, Song X, Zhang L. Potential Effects of Regulating Intestinal Flora on Immunotherapy for Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11387. [PMID: 37511148 PMCID: PMC10380345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal flora plays an important role in the occurrence and development of liver cancer, affecting the efficacy and side effects of conventional antitumor therapy. Recently, immunotherapy for liver cancer has been a palliative treatment for patients with advanced liver cancer lacking surgical indications. Representative drugs include immune checkpoint inhibitors, regulators, tumor vaccines, and cellular immunotherapies. The effects of immunotherapy on liver cancer vary because of the heterogeneity of the tumors. Intestinal flora can affect the efficacy and side effects of immunotherapy for liver cancer by regulating host immunity. Therefore, applying probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and fecal transplantation to interfere with the intestinal flora is expected to become an important means of assisting immunotherapy for liver cancer. This article reviews publications that discuss the relationship between intestinal flora and immunotherapy for liver cancer and further clarifies the potential relationship between intestinal flora and immunotherapy for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Yan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liuhui Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ping Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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6
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Choi Y, Lichterman JN, Coughlin LA, Poulides N, Li W, Del Valle P, Palmer SN, Gan S, Kim J, Zhan X, Gao Y, Evers BM, Hooper LV, Pasare C, Koh AY. Immune checkpoint blockade induces gut microbiota translocation that augments extraintestinal antitumor immunity. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabo2003. [PMID: 36867675 PMCID: PMC10080670 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota, specifically gut bacteria, are critical for effective immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICT) for cancer. The mechanisms by which gut microbiota augment extraintestinal anticancer immune responses, however, are largely unknown. Here, we find that ICT induces the translocation of specific endogenous gut bacteria into secondary lymphoid organs and subcutaneous melanoma tumors. Mechanistically, ICT induces lymph node remodeling and dendritic cell (DC) activation, which facilitates the translocation of a selective subset of gut bacteria to extraintestinal tissues to promote optimal antitumor T cell responses in both the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and the primary tumor. Antibiotic treatment results in decreased gut microbiota translocation into mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and TDLNs, diminished DC and effector CD8+ T cell responses, and attenuated responses to ICT. Our findings illuminate a key mechanism by which gut microbiota promote extraintestinal anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jake N. Lichterman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Laura A. Coughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Nicole Poulides
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Wenling Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Priscilla Del Valle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX. 75390
| | - Suzette N. Palmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Shuheng Gan
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Yajing Gao
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Bret M. Evers
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Lora V. Hooper
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220
| | - Andrew Y. Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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7
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Villemin C, Six A, Neville BA, Lawley TD, Robinson MJ, Bakdash G. The heightened importance of the microbiome in cancer immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:44-59. [PMID: 36464584 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome is recognized as a key factor in health and disease. This has been further corroborated by identifying changes in microbiome composition and function as a novel hallmark in cancer. These effects are exerted through microbiome interactions with host cells, impacting a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes. In this review, we discuss some of the latest findings on how the bacterial component of the microbiome can influence outcomes for different cancer immunotherapy modalities, highlighting identified mechanisms of action. We also address the clinical efforts to utilize this knowledge to achieve better responses to immunotherapy. A refined understanding of microbiome variations in patients and microbiome-host interactions with cancer therapies is essential to realize optimal clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Six
- Microbiotica Ltd., Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Trevor D Lawley
- Microbiotica Ltd., Cambridge, UK; Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
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8
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Devoy C, Flores Bueso Y, Tangney M. Understanding and harnessing triple-negative breast cancer-related microbiota in oncology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1020121. [PMID: 36505861 PMCID: PMC9730816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial inhabitants of the body have the potential to play a role in various stages of cancer initiation, progression, and treatment. These bacteria may be distal to the primary tumour, such as gut microbiota, or local to the tissue, before or after tumour growth. Breast cancer is well studied in this context. Amongst breast cancer types, Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is more aggressive, has fewer treatment options than receptor-positive breast cancers, has an overall worse prognosis and higher rates of reoccurrence. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the bacterial influence on TNBC progression and treatment is of high value. In this regard, the Gut Microbiota (GM) can be involved in various stages of tumour progression. It may suppress or promote carcinogenesis through the release of carcinogenic metabolites, sustenance of proinflammatory environments and/or the promotion of epigenetic changes in our genome. It can also mediate metastasis and reoccurrence through interactions with the immune system and has been recently shown to influence chemo-, radio-, and immune-therapies. Furthermore, bacteria have also been found to reside in normal and malignant breast tissue. Several studies have now described the breast and breast tumour microbiome, with the tumour microbiota of TNBC having the least taxonomic diversity among all breast cancer types. Here, specific conditions of the tumour microenvironment (TME) - low O2, leaky vasculature and immune suppression - are supportive of tumour selective bacterial growth. This innate bacterial ability could enable their use as delivery agents for various therapeutics or as diagnostics. This review aims to examine the current knowledge on bacterial relevance to TNBC and potential uses while examining some of the remaining unanswered questions regarding mechanisms underpinning observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Devoy
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,SynBio Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yensi Flores Bueso
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,SynBio Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark Tangney
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,SynBio Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,*Correspondence: Mark Tangney,
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9
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Davar D, Zarour HM. Facts and Hopes for Gut Microbiota Interventions in Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4370-4384. [PMID: 35748749 PMCID: PMC9561605 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) proteins transformed the management of advanced cancers. Many tumor-intrinsic factors modulate immunological and clinical responses to such therapies, but ample evidence also implicates the gut microbiome in responses. The gut microbiome, comprising the bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses that live in the human digestive tract, is an established determinant of host immunity, but its impact on response to ICI therapy in mice and humans with cancer has only recently been appreciated. Therapeutic interventions to optimize microbiota composition to improve immunotherapy outcomes show promise in mice and humans with cancer. In this review, we discuss the rationale for gut microbiome-based cancer therapies, the results from early-phase clinical trials, and possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Davar
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hassane M. Zarour
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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10
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Griffin ME, Hang HC. Microbial mechanisms to improve immune checkpoint blockade responsiveness. Neoplasia 2022; 31:100818. [PMID: 35816968 PMCID: PMC9284443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiota acts as a diverse source of molecular cues that influence the development and homeostasis of the immune system. Beyond endogenous roles in the human holobiont, host-microbial interactions also alter outcomes for immune-related diseases and treatment regimens. Over the past decade, sequencing analyses of cancer patients have revealed correlations between microbiota composition and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors. However, very little is known about the exact mechanisms that link specific microbiota with patient responses, limiting our ability to exploit these microbial agents for improved oncology care. Here, we summarize current progress towards a molecular understanding of host-microbial interactions in the context of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies. By highlighting the successes of a limited number of studies focused on identifying specific, causal molecules, we underscore how the exploration of specific microbial features such as proteins, enzymes, and metabolites may translate into precise and actionable therapies for personalized patient care in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037.
| | - Howard C Hang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037.
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11
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Ghazisaeedi F, Meens J, Hansche B, Maurischat S, Schwerk P, Goethe R, Wieler LH, Fulde M, Tedin K. A virulence factor as a therapeutic: the probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68 arginine deiminase inhibits innate immune signaling pathways. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2106105. [PMID: 35921516 PMCID: PMC9351580 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The probiotic bacterial strain Enterococcus faecium SF68 has been shown to alleviate symptoms of intestinal inflammation in human clinical trials and animal feed supplementation studies. To identify factors involved in immunomodulatory effects on host cells, E. faecium SF68 and other commensal and clinical Enterococcus isolates were screened using intestinal epithelial cell lines harboring reporter fusions for NF-κB and JNK(AP-1) activation to determine the responses of host cell innate immune signaling pathways when challenged with bacterial protein and cell components. Cell-free, whole-cell lysates of E. faecium SF68 showed a reversible, inhibitory effect on both NF-κB and JNK(AP-1) signaling pathway activation in intestinal epithelial cells and abrogated the response to bacterial and other Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. The inhibitory effect was species-specific, and was not observed for E. avium, E. gallinarum, or E. casseliflavus. Screening of protein fractions of E. faecium SF68 lysates yielded an active fraction containing a prominent protein identified as arginine deiminase (ADI). The E. faecium SF68 arcA gene encoding arginine deiminase was cloned and introduced into E. avium where it conferred the same NF-κB inhibitory effects on intestinal epithelial cells as seen for E. faecium SF68. Our results indicate that the arginine deiminase of E. faecium SF68 is responsible for inhibition of host cell NF-κB and JNK(AP-1) pathway activation, and is likely to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects observed in prior clinical human and animal trials. The implications for the use of this probiotic strain for preventive and therapeutic purposes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ghazisaeedi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Meens
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bianca Hansche
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Sanofi-AventisGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Maurischat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany,German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schwerk
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Goethe
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lothar H. Wieler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Fulde
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Tedin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany,CONTACT Karsten Tedin Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse7, Berlin14163Germany
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12
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Yang Y, Nguyen M, Khetrapal V, Sonnert ND, Martin AL, Chen H, Kriegel MA, Palm NW. Within-host evolution of a gut pathobiont facilitates liver translocation. Nature 2022; 607:563-570. [PMID: 35831502 PMCID: PMC9308686 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gut commensal bacteria with the ability to translocate across the intestinal barrier can drive the development of diverse immune-mediated diseases1-4. However, the key factors that dictate bacterial translocation remain unclear. Recent studies have revealed that gut microbiota strains can adapt and evolve throughout the lifetime of the host5-9, raising the possibility that changes in individual commensal bacteria themselves over time may affect their propensity to elicit inflammatory disease. Here we show that within-host evolution of the model gut pathobiont Enterococcus gallinarum facilitates bacterial translocation and initiation of inflammation. Using a combination of in vivo experimental evolution and comparative genomics, we found that E. gallinarum diverges into independent lineages adapted to colonize either luminal or mucosal niches in the gut. Compared with ancestral and luminal E. gallinarum, mucosally adapted strains evade detection and clearance by the immune system, exhibit increased translocation to and survival within the mesenteric lymph nodes and liver, and induce increased intestinal and hepatic inflammation. Mechanistically, these changes in bacterial behaviour are associated with non-synonymous mutations or insertion-deletions in defined regulatory genes in E. gallinarum, altered microbial gene expression programs and remodelled cell wall structures. Lactobacillus reuteri also exhibited broadly similar patterns of divergent evolution and enhanced immune evasion in a monocolonization-based model of within-host evolution. Overall, these studies define within-host evolution as a critical regulator of commensal pathogenicity that provides a unique source of stochasticity in the development and progression of microbiota-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mytien Nguyen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Varnica Khetrapal
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicole D Sonnert
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anjelica L Martin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haiwei Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martin A Kriegel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Noah W Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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13
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Ranti D, Bieber C, Wang YS, Sfakianos JP, Horowitz A. Natural killer cells: unlocking new treatments for bladder cancer. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:698-710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Lu Y, Yuan X, Wang M, He Z, Li H, Wang J, Li Q. Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:47. [PMID: 35488243 PMCID: PMC9052532 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota have long been recognized to play a key role in human health and disease. Currently, several lines of evidence from preclinical to clinical research have gradually established that the gut microbiota can modulate antitumor immunity and affect the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Deciphering the underlying mechanisms reveals that the gut microbiota reprogram the immunity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by engaging innate and/or adaptive immune cells. Notably, one of the primary modes by which the gut microbiota modulate antitumor immunity is by means of metabolites, which are small molecules that could spread from their initial location of the gut and impact local and systemic antitumor immune response to promote ICI efficiency. Mechanistic exploration provides novel insights for developing rational microbiota-based therapeutic strategies by manipulating gut microbiota, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, engineered microbiomes, and specific microbial metabolites, to augment the efficacy of ICI and advance the age utilization of microbiota precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiangliang Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhihao He
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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15
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Targeting the gut and tumor microbiota in cancer. Nat Med 2022; 28:690-703. [PMID: 35440726 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms within the gut and other niches may contribute to carcinogenesis, as well as shaping cancer immunosurveillance and response to immunotherapy. Our understanding of the complex relationship between different host-intrinsic microorganisms, as well as the multifaceted mechanisms by which they influence health and disease, has grown tremendously-hastening development of novel therapeutic strategies that target the microbiota to improve treatment outcomes in cancer. Accordingly, the evaluation of a patient's microbial composition and function and its subsequent targeted modulation represent key elements of future multidisciplinary and precision-medicine approaches. In this Review, we outline the current state of research toward harnessing the microbiome to better prevent and treat cancer.
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16
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Luengo‐Gil G, Conesa‐Zamora P. Potential Utility of Induced Translocation of Engineered Bacteria as a Therapeutic Agent for Mounting a Personalized Neoantigen-Based Tumor Immune Response. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2022; 6:2100051. [PMID: 35284089 PMCID: PMC8902290 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Today, an unprecedented understanding of the cancer genome, along with major breakthroughs in oncoimmunotherapy, and a resurgence of nucleic acid vaccines against cancer are being achieved. However, in most cases, the immune system response is still insufficient to react against cancer, especially in those tumors showing low mutational burden. One way to counteract tumor escape can be the induction of bacterial translocation, a phenomenon associated with autoimmune diseases which consists of a leakage in the colonic mucosa barrier, causing the access of gut bacteria to sterile body compartments such as blood. Certain commensal or live-attenuated bacteria can be engineered in such a way as to contain nucleic acids coding for tumor neoantigens previously selected from individual tumor RNAseq data. Hypothetically, these modified bacteria, previously administered orally to a cancer patient, can be translocated by several compounds acting on colonic mucosa, thus releasing neoantigens in a systemic environment in the context of an acute inflammation. Several strategies for selecting neoantigens, suitable bacteria strains, genetic constructs, and translocation inducers to achieve tumor-specific activations of CD4 and CD8 T-cells are discussed in this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginés Luengo‐Gil
- Clinical Analysis and Pathology DepartmentGroup of Molecular Pathology and PharmacogeneticsInstitute for Biohealth Research from Murcia (IMIB)Hospital Universitario Santa Lucíac/Mezquita snCartagena30202Spain
| | - Pablo Conesa‐Zamora
- Clinical Analysis and Pathology DepartmentGroup of Molecular Pathology and PharmacogeneticsInstitute for Biohealth Research from Murcia (IMIB)Hospital Universitario Santa Lucíac/Mezquita snCartagena30202Spain
- Pathology and Histology DepartmentFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de MurciaCampus de los Jerónimos, s/n, GuadalupeMurcia30107Spain
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17
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Huang Y, Zhu N, Zheng X, Liu Y, Lu H, Yin X, Hao H, Tan Y, Wang D, Hu H, Liang Y, Li X, Hu Z, Yin Y. Intratumor Microbiome Analysis Identifies Positive Association Between Megasphaera and Survival of Chinese Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas. Front Immunol 2022; 13:785422. [PMID: 35145519 PMCID: PMC8821101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.785422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tumors harbor a plethora of microbiota. It has been shown that the composition and diversity of intratumor microbiome are significantly associated with the survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the association in Chinese patients as well as the effect of different microorganisms on inhibiting tumor growth are unclear. In this study, we collected tumor samples resected from long-term and short-term PDAC survivors and performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We found that the microbiome in samples with different survival time were significantly different, and the differential bacterial composition was associated with the metabolic pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, administration of Megasphaera, one of the differential bacteria, induced a better tumor growth inhibition effect when combined with the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) treatment in mice bearing 4T1 tumor. These results indicate that specific intratumor microbiome can enhance the anti-tumor effect in the host, laying a foundation for further clarifying the underlying detailed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, No.903 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Forcel, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Haopeng Lu
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaochen Yin
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaijie Hao
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongjie Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han Hu
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqian Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Yin
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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18
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Strati F, Lattanzi G, Amoroso C, Facciotti F. Microbiota-targeted therapies in inflammation resolution. Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101599. [PMID: 35304068 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been shown to systemically shape the immunological landscape, modulate homeostasis and play a role in both health and disease. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota promotes inflammation and contributes to the pathogenesis of several major disorders in gastrointestinal tract, metabolic, neurological and respiratory diseases. Much effort is now focused on understanding host-microbes interactions and new microbiota-targeted therapies are deeply investigated as a means to restore health or prevent disease. This review details the immunoregulatory role of the gut microbiota in health and disease and discusses the most recent strategies in manipulating individual patient's microbiota for the management and prevention of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Strati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Lattanzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Amoroso
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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19
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Sung JJY, Wong SH. What is unknown in using microbiota as a therapeutic? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:39-44. [PMID: 34668228 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used extensively in the treatment of various gastrointestinal and extraintestinal conditions, despite that there are still a lot of missing gaps in our knowledge in the gut microbiota and its behavior. This article describes the unknowns in microbiota biology (undetected microbes, uncertain colonization, unclear mechanisms of action, uncertain indications, unsure long-term efficacy, or side effects). We discuss how these unknowns may affect the therapeutic uses of FMT, and the potentials and caveats of other related microbiota-based therapies. When used as an experimental therapy or last resort in difficult conditions, caution should be taken against inadvertent complications. Clear documentations of post-treatment events should be made mandatory, classified, and graded as in clinical trials. Further robust scientific experiments and properly designed clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Y Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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20
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Smith PL, Piadel K, Dalgleish AG. Directing T-Cell Immune Responses for Cancer Vaccination and Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1392. [PMID: 34960140 PMCID: PMC8708201 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccination and immunotherapy revolutionised the treatment of cancer, a result of decades of research into the immune system in health and disease. However, despite recent breakthroughs in treating otherwise terminal cancer, only a minority of patients respond to cancer immunotherapy and some cancers are largely refractive to immunotherapy treatment. This is due to numerous issues intrinsic to the tumour, its microenvironment, or the immune system. CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T-cells emerged as the primary effector cells of the anti-tumour immune response but their function in cancer patients is often compromised. This review details the mechanisms by which T-cell responses are hindered in the setting of cancer and refractive to immunotherapy, and details many of the approaches under investigation to direct T-cell function and improve the efficacy of cancer vaccination and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lawrence Smith
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. Georges University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (K.P.); (A.G.D.)
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21
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Li B, Gong T, Hao Y, Zhou X, Cheng L. Mining the Gut Microbiota for Microbial-Based Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:721249. [PMID: 34589427 PMCID: PMC8473692 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.721249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The past two decades witnessed a revolution in our understanding of host–microbiota interactions that led to the concept of the super-organism consisting of a eukaryotic part and a prokaryotic part. Owing to the critical role of gut microbiota in modulating the host immune system, it is not beyond all expectations that more and more evidence indicated that the shift of gut microbiota influenced responses to numerous forms of cancer immunotherapy. Therapy targeting gut microbiota is becoming a promising strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the role of the gut microbiota in response to cancer immunotherapy, the mechanisms that the gut microbiota influences cancer immunotherapy, and therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Kosakamoto H, Yamauchi T, Akuzawa-Tokita Y, Nishimura K, Soga T, Murakami T, Mori H, Yamamoto K, Miyazaki R, Koto A, Miura M, Obata F. Local Necrotic Cells Trigger Systemic Immune Activation via Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107938. [PMID: 32698005 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotic cells elicit an inflammatory response through their endogenous factors with damage-associated molecular patterns. Blocking apoptosis in Drosophila wings leads to the necrosis-driven systemic immune response by unknown mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that immune activation in response to necrotic cells is mediated by commensal gut microbiota. Removing the microbiome attenuates hyperactivation of the innate immune signaling IMD pathway in necrosis-induced flies. Necrotic cells in wings trigger Gluconobacter expansion in the gut. An isolated Gluconobacter sp. strain is sufficient for pathological IMD activation in necrosis-induced flies, while it is not inflammatory for control animals. In addition, bacterial colonization shifts the host metabolome and shortens the lifespan of necrosis-induced flies. This study shows that local necrosis triggers a pathological systemic inflammatory response through interaction between the host and the dysbiotic gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Kosakamoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Yamauchi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoriko Akuzawa-Tokita
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kei Nishimura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Takumi Murakami
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamamoto
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyazaki
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan; Computational Bio Big Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), AIST, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Koto
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan; Computational Bio Big Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), AIST, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Obata
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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23
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Middleton G. Beyond Ipilimumab: a review of immunotherapeutic approaches in clinical trials in melanoma. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2020; 1:ltaa010. [PMID: 36284898 PMCID: PMC9585671 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this first in a series of ‘Trials Watch’ articles, we briefly review a highly selected set of clinical trials that are currently recruiting or about to open to recruitment in melanoma, the disease first transformed by the introduction of immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors (ICI). We place equal emphasis on phase I/II studies investigating the activity of biologically compelling novel immunotherapeutics, and on randomised trials of ICI with and without novel agents, as these latter studies optimise the standard-of-care use of ICI, and determine whether novel agents become part of the approved therapeutic armamentarium. We do not consider here combination therapy with other checkpoint antagonists or agonists besides combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with anti-CTLA4 mAbs, as these will be reviewed in a subsequent article in this series. A glossary of agents to be discussed is found at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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24
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Daillère R, Routy B, Goubet AG, Cogdill A, Ferrere G, Alves-Costa Silva C, Fluckiger A, Ly P, Haddad Y, Pizzato E, Thelemaque C, Fidelle M, Mazzenga M, Roberti MP, Melenotte C, Liu P, Terrisse S, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L, Derosa L. Elucidating the gut microbiota composition and the bioactivity of immunostimulatory commensals for the optimization of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1794423. [PMID: 32934888 PMCID: PMC7466864 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1794423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from preclinical studies and human trials demonstrated the crucial role of the gut microbiota in determining the effectiveness of anticancer therapeutics such as immunogenic chemotherapy or immune checkpoint blockade. In summary, it appears that a diverse intestinal microbiota supports therapeutic anticancer responses, while a dysbiotic microbiota composition that lacks immunostimulatory bacteria or contains overabundant immunosuppressive species causes treatment failure. In this review, we explore preclinical and translational studies highlighting how eubiotic and dysbiotic microbiota composition can affect progression-free survival in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertrand Routy
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier De l'Université De Montréal (CHUM), Montréal.,Centre De Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier De l'Université De Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Goubet
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandria Cogdill
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Gladys Ferrere
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Aurélie Fluckiger
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Ly
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Yacine Haddad
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Eugenie Pizzato
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Cassandra Thelemaque
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Marine Fidelle
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Marine Mazzenga
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Paula Roberti
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Cléa Melenotte
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peng Liu
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, UMR1138, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Safae Terrisse
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, UMR1138, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, UMR1138, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Pôle De Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Lisa Derosa
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1015, Villejuif, France
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Abstract
Host-microbiota interactions are fundamental for the development of the immune system. Drastic changes in modern environments and lifestyles have led to an imbalance of this evolutionarily ancient process, coinciding with a steep rise in immune-mediated diseases such as autoimmune, allergic and chronic inflammatory disorders. There is an urgent need to better understand these diseases in the context of mucosal and skin microbiota. This Review discusses the mechanisms of how the microbiota contributes to the predisposition, initiation and perpetuation of immune-mediated diseases in the context of a genetically prone host. It is timely owing to the wealth of new studies that recently contributed to this field, ranging from metagenomic studies in humans and mechanistic studies of host-microorganism interactions in gnotobiotic models and in vitro systems, to molecular mechanisms with broader implications across immune-mediated diseases. We focus on the general principles, such as breaches in immune tolerance and barriers, leading to the promotion of immune-mediated diseases by gut, oral and skin microbiota. Lastly, the therapeutic avenues that either target the microbiota, the barrier surfaces or the host immune system to restore tolerance and homeostasis will be explored.
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Lung and Gut Microbiota as Potential Hidden Driver of Immunotherapy Efficacy in Lung Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:7652014. [PMID: 31827379 PMCID: PMC6885300 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7652014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest and most common malignancies in the world, representing one of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment. Immunotherapy is rapidly changing standard treatment schedule and outcomes for patients with advanced malignancies. However, several ongoing studies are still attempting to elucidate the biomarkers that could predict treatment response as well as the new strategies to improve antitumor immune system response ameliorating immunotherapy efficacy. The complex of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms, termed microbiota, that live on the epithelial barriers of the host, are involved in the initiation, progression, and dissemination of cancer. The functional role of microbiota has attracted an accumulating attention recently. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that commensal microorganisms are required for the maturation, education, and function of the immune system regulating the efficacy of immunotherapy in the anticancer response. In this review, we discuss some of the major findings depicting bacteria as crucial gatekeeper for the immune response against tumor and their role as driver of immunotherapy efficacy in lung cancer with a special focus on the distinctive role of gut and lung microbiota in the efficacy of immunotherapy treatment.
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Fine RL, Manfredo Vieira S, Gilmore MS, Kriegel MA. Mechanisms and consequences of gut commensal translocation in chronic diseases. Gut Microbes 2019; 11:217-230. [PMID: 31306081 PMCID: PMC7053960 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1629236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and other mammalian hosts have evolved mechanisms to control the bacteria colonizing their mucosal barriers to prevent invasion. While the breach of barriers by bacteria typically leads to overt infection, increasing evidence supports a role for translocation of commensal bacteria across an impaired gut barrier to extraintestinal sites in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and other chronic, non-infectious diseases. Whether gut commensal translocation is a cause or consequence of the disease is incompletely defined. Here we discuss factors that lead to translocation of live bacteria across the gut barrier. We expand upon our recently published demonstration that translocation of the gut pathobiont Enterococcus gallinarum can induce autoimmunity in susceptible hosts and postulate on the role of Enterococcus species as instigators of chronic, non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Fine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Michael S. Gilmore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin A. Kriegel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,CONTACT Martin A. Kriegel Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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