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Velasquez X, Morov AR, Astrahan P, Tchernov D, Meron D, Almeda R, Rubin-Blum M, Rahav E, Guy-Haim T. Bioconcentration and lethal effects of gas-condensate and crude oil on nearshore copepod assemblages. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116402. [PMID: 38701601 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The progressive establishment of gas platforms and increasing petroleum accidents pose a threat to zooplankton communities and thus to pelagic ecosystems. This study is the first to compare the impacts of gas-condensate and crude oil on copepod assemblages. We conducted microcosm experiments simulating slick scenarios at five different concentrations of gas-condensate and crude oil to determine and compare their lethal effects and the bioconcentration of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (LMW-PAHs) in eastern Mediterranean coastal copepod assemblages. We found that gas-condensate had a two-times higher toxic effect than crude oil, significantly reducing copepod survival with increased exposure levels. The LMW-PAHs bioconcentration factor was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher in copepods exposed to gas-condensate than in those exposed to crude oil. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was significantly lower in calanoids vs. cyclopoid copepods, suggesting that calanoids are more susceptible to gas-condensate and crude oil pollution, with potential trophic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Velasquez
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel; Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Arseniy R Morov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel
| | - Peleg Astrahan
- The Yigal Alon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory (KKL), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Israel
| | - Dan Tchernov
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Dalit Meron
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- University of las Palmas of Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maxim Rubin-Blum
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel; Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Guy-Haim
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel.
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2
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Letendre F, Ramos PAS, Cameron CB. The loss of crude oil droplets by filter feeders and the role of surfactants. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115174. [PMID: 37336047 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Various methods of oil spill remediation exist, e.g., floating booms, controlled burning and the release of chemical surfactants. These surfactants facilitate the breakup of the slick into micron-sized droplets. Here, we studied the impact such a surfactant has on the size distribution of oil droplets in the water column and in the gut of the filter feeder Daphnia magna. We also studied the effect of surfactants on detachment conditions of chemically and mechanically dispersed oil (respectively MDO and CDO) droplets from capture fibers. Our results show that including solubilized dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt in the mixing of the emulsion produces smaller droplets and a narrower size distribution in the water. In the gut, the size of ingested droplets does not change whether the oil is mixed mechanically or chemically. Also, surfactant coated droplets detach at a lower velocity than mechanically dispersed droplet because of their lower oil/water interfacial tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Letendre
- Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Paloma Arena Serrano Ramos
- Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher B Cameron
- Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Wade TL, Driscoll SK, McGrath J, Coolbaugh T, Liu Z, Buskey EJ. Exposure methodologies for dissolved individual hydrocarbons, dissolved oil, water oil dispersions, water accommodated fraction and chemically enhanced water accommodated fraction of fresh and weathered oil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114085. [PMID: 36113174 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the nature and effects of oil released into the marine environment is very challenging. It is generally recognized that "environmentally relevant" conditions for exposure involve a range of temporal and spatial conditions, a range of exposure pathways (e.g., dissolved, emulsions, sorbed onto particulates matter), and a multitude of organisms, populations, and ecosystems. Various exposure methodologies have been used to study the effects of oil on aquatic organisms, and uniform protocols and exposure methods have been developed for the purposes of regulatory toxicological assessments. Ultimately, all exposure methods have drawbacks, it is impossible to totally mimic field conditions, and the choice of exposure methodology depends on the specific regulatory, toxicological, or other research questions to be addressed. The aim of this paper is to provide a concise review of the state of knowledge to identify gaps in that knowledge and summarize challenges for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Wade
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, Chemical Oceanography and Crude Oil Chemistry, USA.
| | - Susan Kane Driscoll
- Exponent, Inc., Aquatic Toxicology, One Mill & Main, Suite 150, Maynard, MA 01754, USA.
| | | | | | - Zhanfei Liu
- The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Crude and Weathered Oil Chemistry, USA.
| | - Edward J Buskey
- The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Biological Oceanography and Estuarine Ecology, USA.
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Letendre F, Cameron CB. The capture of crude oil droplets by filter feeders at high and low Reynolds numbers. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275171. [PMID: 35389496 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Crustacean filter feeders capture oil droplets with the use of their ramified appendages. These appendages behave as paddles or sieves, based on the system's Reynolds number. Here we used high-speed videography, scanning electron microscopy and fluid mechanics to study the capturing mechanisms of crude oil droplets and the filtering appendage's wettability by two species of barnacles (Balanus glandula and Balanus crenatus) and of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna. Our results show that barnacles appendages will behave as paddles and capture droplets in their boundary layers at low Reynolds number. At high Reynolds number, droplets are most likely to be captured via direct interception. There is an intermediate range of Reynolds number where droplets can be captured by both mechanisms at the same time. Daphnia magna captures droplets in the boundary layers of the third and fourth pair of thoracic legs with a metachronal motion of the appendages. All studied surfaces were revealed to be highly lipophobic, demonstrating captured oil droplets with high contact angles. We also discuss implications of such capture mechanisms and wettability on potential ingestion of crude oil by filter feeders. These results further our understanding of the capture of crude oil by filter feeders, shedding light onto the main entry point of oil in the marine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Letendre
- Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des sciences, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Christopher B Cameron
- Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des sciences, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
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Uttieri M, Hinow P, Pastore R, Bianco G, Ribera d'Alcalá M, Mazzocchi MG. Homeostatic swimming of zooplankton upon crowding: the case of the copepod Centropages typicus. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210270. [PMID: 34157893 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Crowding has a major impact on the dynamics of many material and biological systems, inducing effects as diverse as glassy dynamics and swarming. While this issue has been deeply investigated for a variety of living organisms, more research remains to be done on the effect of crowding on the behaviour of copepods, the most abundant metazoans on Earth. To this aim, we experimentally investigate the swimming behaviour, used as a dynamic proxy of animal adaptations, of males and females of the calanoid copepod Centropages typicus at different densities of individuals (10, 50 and 100 ind. l-1) by performing three-dimensional single-organism tracking. We find that the C. typicus motion is surprisingly unaffected by crowding over the investigated density range. Indeed, the mean square displacements as a function of time always show a crossover from ballistic to Fickian regime, with poor variations of the diffusion constant on increasing the density. Close to the crossover, the displacement distributions display exponential tails with a nearly density-independent decay length. The trajectory fractal dimension, D3D ≅ 1.5, and the recently proposed 'ecological temperature' also remain stable on increasing the individual density. This suggests that, at least over the range of animal densities used, crowding does not impact on the characteristics of C. typicus swimming motion, and that a homeostatic mechanism preserves the stability of its swimming performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Uttieri
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy.,CoNISMa, ULR Partehnope, Piazzale Flaminio 9, Rome 00196, Italy
| | - Peter Hinow
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Raffaele Pastore
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bianco
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund 22362, Sweden
| | - Maurizio Ribera d'Alcalá
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Mazzocchi
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy
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Campelo RPDS, Lima CDMD, de Santana CS, Jonathan da Silva A, Neumann-Leitão S, Ferreira BP, Soares MDO, Melo Júnior MD, Melo PAMDC. Oil spills: The invisible impact on the base of tropical marine food webs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112281. [PMID: 33826988 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Brazilian oil spill, from August 2019 to January 2020, was considered the most extensive accident in tropical oceans. We estimated the concentration of oil droplets that may be available for ingestion by microzooplankton. The collection was carried out in three areas: estuarine plume, bay and reef (Tamandaré, Pernambuco coast). We highlight the contribution of coral larvae in the reef region, surpassing the copepods, evidencing a spawning event. Oil droplets were recorded in all the sampled areas, with a high numerical abundance in the plume. Traces of oil ingestion by Brachyura zoea and Calanoida, Paracalanidae and Oithonidae copepods were observed, suggesting that these groups might have an important role in the degradation and final destination of oil dispersed after spills. The vulnerability of the larval phases of crabs and reef-building corals has been hypothesized, suggesting that the negative effects of oil on zooplankton can affect the recruitment of benthic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alef Jonathan da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sigrid Neumann-Leitão
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Cerdanyolla del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; DISTEBA, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro de Melo Júnior
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Remote Sensing of Dispersed Oil Pollution in the Ocean-The Role of Chlorophyll Concentration. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21103387. [PMID: 34067967 PMCID: PMC8152263 DOI: 10.3390/s21103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the contrary to surface oil slicks, dispersed oil pollution is not yet detected or monitored on regular basis. The possible range of changes of the local optical properties of seawater caused by the occurrence of dispersed oil, as well as the dependencies of changes on various physical and environmental factors, can be estimated using simulation techniques. Two models were combined to examine the influence of oceanic water type on the visibility of dispersed oil: the Monte Carlo radiative transfer model and the Lorenz-Mie model for spherical oil droplets suspended in seawater. Remote sensing reflectance, Rrs, was compared for natural ocean water models representing oligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic environments (characterized by chlorophyll-a concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/m3, respectively) and polluted by three different kinds of oils: biodiesel, lubricant oil and crude oil. We found out that dispersed oil usually increases Rrs values for all types of seawater, with the highest effect for the oligotrophic ocean. In the clearest studied waters, the absolute values of Rrs increased 2-6 times after simulated dispersed oil pollution, while Rrs band ratios routinely applied in bio-optical models decreased up to 80%. The color index, CI, was nearly double reduced by dispersed biodiesel BD and lubricant oil CL, but more than doubled by crude oil FL.
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Almeda R, Rodriguez-Torres R, Rist S, Winding MHS, Stief P, Hansen BH, Nielsen TG. Microplastics do not increase bioaccumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in Arctic zooplankton but trigger feeding suppression under co-exposure conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141264. [PMID: 32871308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arctic sea ice has alarmingly high concentrations of microplastics (MPs). Additionally, sea ice reduction in the Arctic is opening new opportunities for the oil and maritime industries, which could increase oil pollution in the region. Yet knowledge of the effects of co-exposure to MPs and crude oil on Arctic zooplankton is lacking. We tested the influence of MPs (polyethylene, 20.7 μm) on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioaccumulation and oil toxicity in the key arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus after exposure to oil with and without dispersant. Up to 30% of the copepods stopped feeding and fecal pellet production rates were reduced after co-exposure to oil (1 μL L-1) and MPs (20 MPs mL-1). The PAH body burden was ~3 times higher in feeding than in non-feeding copepods. Copepods ingested both MPs and crude oil droplets. MPs did not influence bioaccumulation of PAHs in copepods or their fecal pellets, but chemical dispersant increased bioaccumulation, especially of ≥4 ring-PAHs. Our results suggest that MPs do not act as vectors of PAHs in Arctic marine food webs after oil spills, but, at high concentrations (20 MPs mL-1), MPs can trigger behavioral stress responses (e.g., feeding suppression) to oil pollution in zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Almeda
- Section for Oceans and Arctic, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - R Rodriguez-Torres
- Section for Oceans and Arctic, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - S Rist
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - M H S Winding
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Greenland
| | - P Stief
- University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - T Gissel Nielsen
- Section for Oceans and Arctic, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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Mearns AJ, Morrison AM, Arthur C, Rutherford N, Bissell M, Rempel-Hester MA. Effects of pollution on marine organisms. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1510-1532. [PMID: 32671886 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review covers selected 2019 articles on the biological effects of pollutants, including human physical disturbances, on marine and estuarine plants, animals, ecosystems, and habitats. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field, and laboratory measurement activities (bioaccumulation of contaminants, field assessment surveys, toxicity testing, and biomarkers) as well as pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, emerging contaminants, wastewater discharges, marine debris, dredging, and disposal. Special emphasis is placed on effects of oil spills and marine debris due largely to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and proliferation of data on the assimilation and effects of marine debris microparticulates. Several topical areas reviewed in the past (e.g., mass mortalities ocean acidification) were dropped this year. The focus of this review is on effects, not on pollutant sources, chemistry, fate, or transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g., some bioaccumulation data may be appeared in other topical categories such as effects of wastewater discharges, or biomarker studies appearing in oil toxicity literature). Therefore, we strongly urge readers to use keyword searching of the text and references to locate related but distributed information. Although nearly 400 papers are cited, these now represent a fraction of the literature on these subjects. Use this review mainly as a starting point. And please consult the original papers before citing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mearns
- Emergency Response Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Nicolle Rutherford
- Emergency Response Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, Washington
| | - Matt Bissell
- Emergency Response Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, Washington
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