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Liu L, Gong Y, Yahaya BS, Chen Y, Shi D, Liu F, Gou J, Zhou Z, Lu Y, Wu F. Maize auxin response factor ZmARF1 confers multiple abiotic stresses resistances in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:75. [PMID: 38878261 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to abiotic stresses causes oxidative stress, which affects plant development and survival. In this research, the overexpression of ZmARF1 improved tolerance to low Pi, drought and salinity stresses. The transgenic plants manifested tolerance to low Pi by their superior root phenotypic traits: root length, root tips, root surface area, and root volume, compared to wide-type (WT) plants. Moreover, the transgenic plants exhibited higher root and leaf Pi content and upregulated the high affinity Pi transporters PHT1;2 and phosphorus starvation inducing (PSI) genes PHO2 and PHR1 under low Pi conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis displayed tolerance to drought and salt stress by maintaining higher chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence, lower water loss rates, and ion leakage, which contributed to the survival of overexpression lines compared to the WT. Transcriptome profiling identified a peroxidase gene, POX, whose transcript was upregulated by these abiotic stresses. Furthermore, we confirmed that ZmARF1 bound to the auxin response element (AuxRE) in the promoter of POX and enhanced its transcription to mediate tolerance to oxidative stress imposed by low Pi, drought and salt stress in the transgenic seedlings. These results demonstrate that ZmARF1 has significant potential for improving the tolerance of crops to multiple abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Baba Salifu Yahaya
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yushu Chen
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dengke Shi
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junlin Gou
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhanmei Zhou
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fengkai Wu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Zhang J, Zhao H, Chen L, Lin J, Wang Z, Pan J, Yang F, Ni X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li R, Pi E, Wang S. Multifaceted roles of WRKY transcription factors in abiotic stress and flavonoid biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1303667. [PMID: 38169626 PMCID: PMC10758500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1303667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Increasing biotic and abiotic stresses are seriously impeding the growth and yield of staple crops and threatening global food security. As one of the largest classes of regulators in vascular plants, WRKY transcription factors play critical roles governing flavonoid biosynthesis during stress responses. By binding major W-box cis-elements (TGACCA/T) in target promoters, WRKYs modulate diverse signaling pathways. In this review, we optimized existing WRKY phylogenetic trees by incorporating additional plant species with WRKY proteins implicated in stress tolerance and flavonoid regulation. Based on the improved frameworks and documented results, we aim to deduce unifying themes of distinct WRKY subfamilies governing specific stress responses and flavonoid metabolism. These analyses will generate experimentally testable hypotheses regarding the putative functions of uncharacterized WRKY homologs in tuning flavonoid accumulation to enhance stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erxu Pi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Abbas K, Li J, Gong B, Lu Y, Wu X, Lü G, Gao H. Drought Stress Tolerance in Vegetables: The Functional Role of Structural Features, Key Gene Pathways, and Exogenous Hormones. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13876. [PMID: 37762179 PMCID: PMC10530793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The deleterious effects of drought stress have led to a significant decline in vegetable production, ultimately affecting food security. After sensing drought stress signals, vegetables prompt multifaceted response measures, eventually leading to changes in internal cell structure and external morphology. Among them, it is important to highlight that the changes, including changes in physiological metabolism, signal transduction, key genes, and hormone regulation, significantly influence drought stress tolerance in vegetables. This article elaborates on vegetable stress tolerance, focusing on structural adaptations, key genes, drought stress signaling transduction pathways, osmotic adjustments, and antioxidants. At the same time, the mechanisms of exogenous hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) toward improving the adaptive drought tolerance of vegetables were also reviewed. These insights can enhance the understanding of vegetable drought tolerance, supporting vegetable tolerance enhancement by cultivation technology improvements under changing climatic conditions, which provides theoretical support and technical reference for innovative vegetable stress tolerance breeding and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongbo Gao
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Ministry of Education of China-Hebei Province Joint Innovation Center for Efficient Green Vegetable Industry, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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Yang X, Kwon H, Kim MY, Lee SH. RNA-seq profiling in leaf tissues of two soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cultivars that show contrasting responses to drought stress during early developmental stages. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:42. [PMID: 37309390 PMCID: PMC10248644 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is the major environment constraint on soybean yield, and a variety of pathways underlie drought tolerance mechanisms. Transcriptomic profiling of two soybean cultivars, drought-tolerant SS2-2 and drought-sensitive Taekwang, was performed under normal and drought conditions to identify genes involved in drought tolerance. This revealed large differences in water loss during drought treatment. Genes involved in signaling, lipid metabolism, phosphorylation, and gene regulation were overrepresented among genes that were differentially expressed between cultivars and between treatments in each cultivar. The analysis revealed transcription factors from six families, including WRKYs and NACs, showed significant SS2-2-specific upregulation. Genes involved in stress defense pathways, including MAPK signaling, Ca2+ signaling, ROS scavenging, and NBS-LRR, were also identified. Expression of non-specific phospholipases, phospholipase D, and PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL MONOPHOSPHATE 5 KINASE (PIP5K), which act in the lipid-signaling pathway, was greatly increased in SS2-2. The roles of PIP5K in drought stress tolerance were confirmed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis pip5k mutants had significantly lower survival rates under drought stress than wild-type plants. This study identified additional elements in the mechanisms used by plants to protect themselves from drought stress and provides valuable information for the development of drought-tolerant soybean cultivars. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01385-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010030 China
| | - Hakyung Kwon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Ha Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Crop Genomics Lab., Seoul National University, Rm. 4105 Bldg. 200 CALS, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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Cui H, Zhou G, Ruan H, Zhao J, Hasi A, Zong N. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Maize Serine Peptidase S8 Family Genes in Response to Drought at Seedling Stage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:369. [PMID: 36679082 PMCID: PMC9865268 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Subtilisin-like proteases (subtilases) are found in almost all plant species and are involved in regulating various biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the literature on subtilases in different plant species is vast, the gene function of the serine peptidase S8 family and its maize subfamily is still unknown. Here, a bioinformatics analysis of this gene family was conducted by describing gene structure, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal distributions, gene duplications, and promoter cis-elements. In total, we identified 18 ZmSPS8 genes in maize, distributed on 7 chromosomes, and half of them were hydrophilic. Most of these proteins were located at the cell wall and had similar secondary and tertiary structures. Prediction of cis-regulatory elements in promoters illustrated that they were mainly associated with hormones and abiotic stress. Maize inbred lines B73, Zheng58, and Qi319 were used to analyze the spatial-temporal expression patterns of ZmSPS8 genes under drought treatment. Seedling drought results showed that Qi319 had the highest percent survival after 14 d of withholding irrigation, while B73 was the lowest. Leaf relative water content (LRWC) declined more rapidly in B73 and to lower values, and the nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT) contents of leaves were higher in Qi319 than in the other inbreds. The qPCR results indicated that 6 serine peptidase S8 family genes were positively or negatively correlated with plant tolerance to drought stress. Our study provides a detailed analysis of the ZmSPS8s in the maize genome and finds a link between drought tolerance and the family gene expression, which was established by using different maize inbred lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Cui
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Guyi Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongqiang Ruan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Agula Hasi
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Na Zong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Ehsan A, Naqvi RZ, Azhar M, Awan MJA, Amin I, Mansoor S, Asif M. Genome-Wide Analysis of WRKY Gene Family and Negative Regulation of GhWRKY25 and GhWRKY33 Reveal Their Role in Whitefly and Drought Stress Tolerance in Cotton. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:171. [PMID: 36672912 PMCID: PMC9859137 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factor family is marked by its significant responsiveness to both biotic and abiotic plant stresses. In the present study, the WRKY family of Gossypium hirsutum has been identified and classified into three groups based on the number of conserved WRKY domains and the type of zinc finger motif. This classification is further validated by conserved domain and phylogenetic analysis. Two members of the WRKY family, WRKY25 and WRKY33, have been targeted through VIGS in G. hirsutum. VIGS-infiltrated plants were evaluated under drought stress and whitefly infestation. It was observed that GhWRKY33-downregulated plants showed a decrease in whitefly egg and nymph population, and GhWRKY33 was found to be a strong negative regulator of whitefly and drought stress, while GhWRKY25 was found to be a moderate negative regulator of whitefly and drought stress. As the targeted genes are transcription factors influencing the expression of other genes, the relative expression of other stress-responsive genes, namely MPK6, WRKY40, HSP, ERF1, and JAZ1, was also analyzed through qRT-PCR. It was found elevated in GhWRKY33-downregulated plants, while GhWRKY25-downregulated plants through VIGS showed the elevated expression of ERF1 and WRKY40, a slightly increased expression of HSP, and a lower expression level of MPK6. Overall, this study provides an important insight into the WRKY TF family and the role of two WRKY TFs in G. hirsutum under drought stress and whitefly infestation. The findings will help to develop crops resilient to drought and whitefly stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad Asif
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Transcriptome analysis of response strategy in Hemerocallis fulva under drought stress. Genes Genomics 2022; 45:593-610. [PMID: 36348249 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemerocallis fulva is an important ground cover plant widely used in urban greening. The analysis of the molecular mechanism underlying the drought response of H. fulva can lay a foundation for improving its adaptability and expanding its planting area. OBJECTIVE To reveal the drought response mechanisms of H. fulva, identify candidate unigenes associated with drought response, and lay a foundation for further unigenes functional study and drought resistance improvement of H. fulva via genetic engineering. METHODS RNA was isolated from H. fulva under different experimental conditions. De novo transcriptomic analysis of the samples was performed to screen drought response unigenes. The transcriptional changes of candidate drought response unigenes were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The differentially expressed unigenes and their functions were analyzed after H. fulva treated by PEG-simulated drought stress and rewatering. The candidate unigenes, associated with H. fulva drought response, were identified after transcriptome analysis. Then, the transcription level of drought response unigenes of H. fulva under different conditions was further verified. Abscisic acid, protein phosphorylation, sterol biosynthesis and ion transport were involved in drought response with quick restore in H. fulva. The response unigenes, involved in hormone (ABA, JA, CK and GA) signaling pathways, defense response, high light response, karrikin response and leaf shaping, can maintain at changed expression levels even after stress withdraw. CONCLUSION Hemerocallis fulva has unique drought response mechanism. Negative regulation mechanism may play more important roles in drought response of H. fulva. The analysis of candidate unigenes, associated with drought response, lays a foundation for further drought resistance improvement of H. fulva.
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Khoso MA, Hussain A, Ritonga FN, Ali Q, Channa MM, Alshegaihi RM, Meng Q, Ali M, Zaman W, Brohi RD, Liu F, Manghwar H. WRKY transcription factors (TFs): Molecular switches to regulate drought, temperature, and salinity stresses in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1039329. [PMID: 36426143 PMCID: PMC9679293 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1039329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factor (TF) belongs to one of the major plant protein superfamilies. The WRKY TF gene family plays an important role in the regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant stress responses. Change in the expression patterns of WRKY genes or the modifications in their action; participate in the elaboration of numerous signaling pathways and regulatory networks. WRKY proteins contribute to plant growth, for example, gamete formation, seed germination, post-germination growth, stem elongation, root hair growth, leaf senescence, flowering time, and plant height. Moreover, they play a key role in many types of environmental signals, including drought, temperature, salinity, cold, and biotic stresses. This review summarizes the current progress made in unraveling the functions of numerous WRKY TFs under drought, salinity, temperature, and cold stresses as well as their role in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Ahmed Khoso
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Amjad Hussain
- College of Plant Science and Technology, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Rana M. Alshegaihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qinglin Meng
- Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Bozhou University, Bozhou, China
| | - Musrat Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Rahim Dad Brohi
- Department of Animal Reproduction/Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Fen Liu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hakim Manghwar
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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Guo X, Ullah A, Siuta D, Kukfisz B, Iqbal S. Role of WRKY Transcription Factors in Regulation of Abiotic Stress Responses in Cotton. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091410. [PMID: 36143446 PMCID: PMC9504182 DOI: 10.3390/life12091410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors are the major constraints in sustainable agriculture. WRKY proteins are a large family of transcription factors (TFs) that regulate various developmental processes and stress responses in plants, including cotton. On the basis of Gossypium raimondii genome sequencing, WRKY TFs have been identified in cotton and characterized for their functions in abiotic stress responses. WRKY members of cotton play a significant role in the regulation of abiotic stresses, i.e., drought, salt, and extreme temperatures. These TFs either activate or repress various signaling pathways such as abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. WRKY-associated genes in cotton have been genetically engineered in Arabidopsis, Nicotiana, and Gossypium successfully, which subsequently enhanced tolerance in corresponding plants against abiotic stresses. Although a few review reports are available for WRKY TFs, there is no critical report available on the WRKY TFs of cotton. Hereby, the role of cotton WRKY TFs in environmental stress responses is studied to enhance the understanding of abiotic stress response and further improve in cotton plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (A.U.)
| | - Abid Ullah
- Department of Botany, Post Graduate College Dargai, Malakand 23060, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (A.U.)
| | - Dorota Siuta
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska Str. 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Kukfisz
- Faculty of Security Engineering and Civil Protection, The Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shehzad Iqbal
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zhang J, Huang D, Zhao X, Zhang M, Wang Q, Hou X, Di D, Su B, Wang S, Sun P. Drought-responsive WRKY transcription factor genes IgWRKY50 and IgWRKY32 from Iris germanica enhance drought resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:983600. [PMID: 36147225 PMCID: PMC9486095 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.983600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought greatly affects the growth and development of garden plants and affects their ornamental value. WRKY transcription factors make up one of the largest transcription factor families in plants and they play an important role in the plant response to drought stress. However, the function of the WRKY gene in response to drought stress in Iris germanica, which is commonly used in landscaping, has not been studied. In this study, we isolated two WRKY transcription factor genes from Iris germanica, IgWRKY50 and IgWRKY32, which belong to Group II and Group III of the WRKY family, respectively. IgWRKY50 and IgWRKY32 could be induced by PEG-6000, high temperature and ABA in Iris germanica. IgWRKY50 and IgWRKY32 could quickly respond to drought and they peaked at 3 h after PEG-6000 treatment (19.93- and 23.32-fold). The fusion proteins IgWRKY50-GFP and IgWRKY32-GFP were located in the nucleus of mesophyll protoplasts of Arabidopsis. The overexpression of the IgWRKY50 and IgWRKY32 genes improved the osmotic tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis, mainly exhibited by the transgenic plants having a higher germination rate and a longer total root length on 1/2 MS medium containing mannitol. Under PEG-6000 stress, the transgenic plants had higher stomatal closure than the wild type (WT). Under natural drought stress, the water loss rate of the isolated leaves of transgenic Arabidopsis was lower than that of WT, the contents of proline (Pro) and soluble protein (SP) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in the transgenic plants were higher, but the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower. Furthermore, the expression of several stress-related genes (RD29A, DREB2A, PP2CA, and ABA2) was significantly increased in IgWRKY50- and IgWRKY32- overexpressing transgenic Arabidposis plants after drought treatment. These results suggest that IgWRKY50 and IgWRKY32, as two positive regulators, enhance the drought resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis by mediating the ABA signal transduction pathway. IgWRKY50 and IgWRKY32 can be used as candidate genes for molecular breeding of drought resistance in Iris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Dazhuang Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xueyan Hou
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongliu Di
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Beibei Su
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shaokun Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Pai Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Wu S, Zhang H, Wang R, Chang G, Jing Y, Li Z, Chen L. GhWRKY33 Interacts with GhTIFY10A to Synergistically Modulate Both Ageing and JA-Mediated Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152328. [PMID: 35954172 PMCID: PMC9367327 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play critical roles in the modulation of transcriptional changes during leaf senescence, but the underlying mechanisms controlled by them in this progress still remain enigmatic. In this study, Gossypium hirsutum WRKY DNA-binding protein 33 (GhWRKY33) was characterized as a negative regulator of both ageing and JA-mediated leaf senescence. The overexpression of GhWRKY33 in Arabidopsis greatly delayed leaf senescence, as determined by elevated chlorophyll content, lower H2O2 content, and reduced expression of several senescence-associated genes (SAGs). An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and transient dual–luciferase reporter assay revealed that GhWRKY33 could bind to the promoters of both AtSAG12 and Ghcysp and suppress their expression. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and firefly luciferase complementation imaging (LUC) assays showed that GhWRKY33 could interact with GhTIFY10A. Similarly, the overexpression of GhTIFY10A in Arabidopsis also dramatically delayed leaf senescence. Furthermore, both GhWRKY33 and GhTIFY10A negatively regulate JA-mediated leaf senescence. In addition, a transientdual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that GhWRKY33 and GhTIFY10A could function synergistically to inhibit the expression of both AtSAG12 and Ghcysp. Thus, our work suggested that GhWRKY33 may function as a negative regulator to modulate both ageing and JA-mediated leaf senescence and also contributes to a basis for further functional studies on cotton leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songguo Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China; (S.W.); (H.Z.); (R.W.); (G.C.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China; (S.W.); (H.Z.); (R.W.); (G.C.); (Y.J.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Ruling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China; (S.W.); (H.Z.); (R.W.); (G.C.); (Y.J.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Guimei Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China; (S.W.); (H.Z.); (R.W.); (G.C.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifen Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China; (S.W.); (H.Z.); (R.W.); (G.C.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Ligang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China; (S.W.); (H.Z.); (R.W.); (G.C.); (Y.J.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Correspondence:
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A WRKY Protein, MfWRKY40, of Resurrection Plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia Plays a Positive Role in Regulating Tolerance to Drought and Salinity Stresses of Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158145. [PMID: 35897721 PMCID: PMC9330732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs), one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, play an important role in abiotic stress responses. The resurrection plant, Myrothamnus flabellifolia, has a strong tolerance to dehydration, but only a few WRKY proteins related to abiotic stress response have been identified and functionally characterized in M. flabellifolia. In this study, we identified an early dehydration-induced gene, MfWRKY40, of M. flabellifolia. The deduced MfWRKY40 protein has a conserved WRKY motif but lacks a typical zinc finger motif in the WRKY domain and is localized in the nucleus. To investigate its potential roles in abiotic stresses, we overexpressed MfWRKY40 in Arabidopsis and found that transgenic lines exhibited better tolerance to both drought and salt stresses. Further detailed analysis indicated that MfWRKY40 promoted primary root length elongation and reduced water loss rate and stomata aperture (width/length) under stress, which may provide Arabidopsis the better water uptake and retention abilities. MfWRKY40 also facilitated osmotic adjustment under drought and salt stresses by accumulating more osmolytes, such as proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein. Additionally, the antioxidation ability of transgenic lines was also significantly enhanced, represented by higher chlorophyll content, less malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species accumulations, as well as higher antioxidation enzyme activities. All these results indicated that MfWRKY40 might positively regulate tolerance to drought and salinity stresses. Further investigation on the relationship of the missing zinc finger motif of MfWRKY40 and its regulatory role is necessary to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism underlying the excellent drought tolerance of M. flabellifolia.
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Wahab A, Abdi G, Saleem MH, Ali B, Ullah S, Shah W, Mumtaz S, Yasin G, Muresan CC, Marc RA. Plants' Physio-Biochemical and Phyto-Hormonal Responses to Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress: A Comprehensive Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1620. [PMID: 35807572 PMCID: PMC9269229 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Water, a necessary component of cell protoplasm, plays an essential role in supporting life on Earth; nevertheless, extreme changes in climatic conditions limit water availability, causing numerous issues, such as the current water-scarce regimes in many regions of the biome. This review aims to collect data from various published studies in the literature to understand and critically analyze plants' morphological, growth, yield, and physio-biochemical responses to drought stress and their potential to modulate and nullify the damaging effects of drought stress via activating natural physiological and biochemical mechanisms. In addition, the review described current breakthroughs in understanding how plant hormones influence drought stress responses and phytohormonal interaction through signaling under water stress regimes. The information for this review was systematically gathered from different global search engines and the scientific literature databases Science Direct, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, related studies, published books, and articles. Drought stress is a significant obstacle to meeting food demand for the world's constantly growing population. Plants cope with stress regimes through changes to cellular osmotic potential, water potential, and activation of natural defense systems in the form of antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes including proteins, proline, glycine betaine, phenolic compounds, and soluble sugars. Phytohormones modulate developmental processes and signaling networks, which aid in acclimating plants to biotic and abiotic challenges and, consequently, their survival. Significant progress has been made for jasmonates, salicylic acid, and ethylene in identifying important components and understanding their roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. Other plant hormones, such as abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, brassinosteroids, and peptide hormones, have been linked to plant defense signaling pathways in various ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahab
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran;
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Saqib Ullah
- Department of Botany, Islamia College, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Wadood Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Sahar Mumtaz
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan;
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Crina Carmen Muresan
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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14
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Ectopic Overexpression of Pineapple Transcription Factor AcWRKY31 Reduces Drought and Salt Tolerance in Rice and Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116269. [PMID: 35682951 PMCID: PMC9181287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is an important tropical fruit with high economic value, and its growth and development are affected by the external environment. Drought and salt stresses are common adverse conditions that can affect crop quality and yield. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) have been demonstrated to play critical roles in plant stress response, but the function of pineapple WRKY TFs in drought and salt stress tolerance is largely unknown. In this study, a pineapple AcWRKY31 gene was cloned and characterized. AcWRKY31 is a nucleus-localized protein that has transcriptional activation activity. We observed that the panicle length and seed number of AcWRKY31 overexpression transgenic rice plants were significantly reduced compared with that in wild-type plant ZH11. RNA-seq technology was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between wild-type ZH11 and AcWRKY31 overexpression transgenic rice plants. In addition, ectopic overexpression of AcWRKY31 in rice and Arabidopsis resulted in plant oversensitivity to drought and salt stress. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of abiotic stress-responsive genes were significantly decreased in the transgenic plants compared with those in the wild-type plants under drought and salt stress conditions. In summary, these results showed that ectopic overexpression of AcWRKY31 reduced drought and salt tolerance in rice and Arabidopsis and provided a candidate gene for crop variety improvement.
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15
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Lim C, Kang K, Shim Y, Yoo SC, Paek NC. Inactivating transcription factor OsWRKY5 enhances drought tolerance through abscisic acid signaling pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1900-1916. [PMID: 34718775 PMCID: PMC8968288 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During crop cultivation, water-deficit conditions retard growth, thus reducing crop productivity. Therefore, uncovering the mechanisms behind drought tolerance is a critical task for crop improvement. Here, we show that the rice (Oryza sativa) WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY5 negatively regulates drought tolerance. We determined that OsWRKY5 was mainly expressed in developing leaves at the seedling and heading stages, and that its expression was reduced by drought stress and by treatment with NaCl, mannitol, and abscisic acid (ABA). Notably, the genome-edited loss-of-function alleles oswrky5-2 and oswrky5-3 conferred enhanced drought tolerance, measured as plant growth under water-deficit conditions. Conversely, the overexpression of OsWRKY5 in the activation-tagged line oswrky5-D resulted in higher susceptibility under the same conditions. The loss of OsWRKY5 activity increased sensitivity to ABA, thus promoting ABA-dependent stomatal closure. Transcriptome deep sequencing and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that the expression of abiotic stress-related genes including rice MYB2 (OsMYB2) was upregulated in oswrky5 knockout mutants and downregulated in oswrky5-D mutants. Moreover, dual-luciferase, yeast one-hybrid, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that OsWRKY5 directly binds to the W-box sequences in the promoter region of OsMYB2 and represses OsMYB2 expression, thus downregulating genes downstream of OsMYB2 in the ABA signaling pathways. Our results demonstrate that OsWRKY5 functions as a negative regulator of ABA-induced drought stress tolerance, strongly suggesting that inactivation of OsWRKY5 or manipulation of key OsWRKY5 targets could be useful to improve drought tolerance in rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yejin Shim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Cheul Yoo
- Department of Plant Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
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16
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Yang S, Bai M, Hao G, Guo H, Fu B. Transcriptomics analysis of field-droughted pear ( Pyrus spp.) reveals potential drought stress genes and metabolic pathways. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12921. [PMID: 35321406 PMCID: PMC8935990 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought acts as a major abiotic stress that hinders plant growth and crop productivity. It is critical, as such, to discern the molecular response of plants to drought in order to enhance agricultural yields under droughts as they occur with increasing frequency. Pear trees are among the most crucial deciduous fruit trees worldwide, and yet the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in field-grown pear remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the differences in transcriptome profiles of pear leaves, branches, and young fruits in irrigation vs field-drought conditions over the growing seasons. In total, 819 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) controlling drought response were identified, among which 427 DEGs were upregulated and 392 DEGs were downregulated. Drought responsive genes were enriched significantly in monoterpenoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and diterpenoid biosynthesis. Fourteen phenylpropanoid, five flavonoid, and four monoterpenoid structural genes were modulated by field drought stress, thereby indicating the transcriptional regulation of these metabolic pathways in fruit exposed to drought. A total of 4,438 transcription factors (TFs) belonging to 30 TF families were differentially expressed between drought and irrigation, and such findings signal valuable information on transcriptome changes in response to drought. Our study revealed that pear trees react to drought by modulating several secondary metabolic pathways, particularly by stimulating the production of phenylpropanoids as well as volatile organic compounds like monoterpenes. Our findings are of practical importance for agricultural breeding programs, while the resulting data is a resource for improving drought tolerance through genetic engineering of non-model, but economically important, perennial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Mudan Bai
- Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Guowei Hao
- Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huangping Guo
- Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Baochun Fu
- Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Ranjan A, Sinha R, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A, Singh AK. Shaping the root system architecture in plants for adaptation to drought stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13651. [PMID: 35174506 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture plays an important role in plant adaptation to drought stress. The root system architecture (RSA) consists of several structural features, which includes number and length of main and lateral roots along with the density and length of root hairs. These features exhibit plasticity under water-limited environments and could be critical to developing crops with efficient root systems for adaptation under drought. Recent advances in the omics approaches have significantly improved our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of RSA remodeling under drought and the identification of genes and other regulatory elements. Plant response to drought stress at physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular levels in root cells is regulated by various phytohormones and their crosstalk. Stress-induced reactive oxygen species play a significant role in regulating root growth and development under drought stress. Several transcription factors responsible for the regulation of RSA under drought have proven to be beneficial for developing drought tolerant crops. Molecular breeding programs for developing drought-tolerant crops have been greatly benefitted by the availability of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the RSA regulation. In the present review, we have discussed the role of various QTLs, signaling components, transcription factors, microRNAs and crosstalk among various phytohormones in shaping RSA and present future research directions to better understand various factors involved in RSA remodeling for adaptation to drought stress. We believe that the information provided herein may be helpful in devising strategies to develop crops with better RSA for efficient uptake and utilization of water and nutrients under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ranjan
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | - Ragini Sinha
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, New Delhi, India
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18
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Abstract
Drought and waterlogging seriously affect the growth of plants and are considered severe constraints on agricultural and forestry productivity; their frequency and degree have increased over time due to global climate change. The morphology, photosynthetic activity, antioxidant enzyme system and hormone levels of plants could change in response to water stress. The mechanisms of these changes are introduced in this review, along with research on key transcription factors and genes. Both drought and waterlogging stress similarly impact leaf morphology (such as wilting and crimping) and inhibit photosynthesis. The former affects the absorption and transportation mechanisms of plants, and the lack of water and nutrients inhibits the formation of chlorophyll, which leads to reduced photosynthetic capacity. Constitutive overexpression of 9-cis-epoxydioxygenase (NCED) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), key enzymes in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, increases drought resistance. The latter forces leaf stomata to close in response to chemical signals, which are produced by the roots and transferred aboveground, affecting the absorption capacity of CO2, and reducing photosynthetic substrates. The root system produces adventitious roots and forms aerenchymal to adapt the stresses. Ethylene (ETH) is the main response hormone of plants to waterlogging stress, and is a member of the ERFVII subfamily, which includes response factors involved in hypoxia-induced gene expression, and responds to energy expenditure through anaerobic respiration. There are two potential adaptation mechanisms of plants (“static” or “escape”) through ETH-mediated gibberellin (GA) dynamic equilibrium to waterlogging stress in the present studies. Plant signal transduction pathways, after receiving stress stimulus signals as well as the regulatory mechanism of the subsequent synthesis of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes to produce ethanol under a hypoxic environment caused by waterlogging, should be considered. This review provides a theoretical basis for plants to improve water stress tolerance and water-resistant breeding.
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Wu M, Zhang K, Xu Y, Wang L, Liu H, Qin Z, Xiang Y. The moso bamboo WRKY transcription factor, PheWRKY86, regulates drought tolerance in transgenic plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:180-191. [PMID: 34894501 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PheWRKY86 is a member of the WRKY transcription factor family in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). Expression of PheWRKY86 is strongly induced by drought and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. The PheWRKY86 protein localizes to the cell nucleus and is specifically able to bind to W-box elements. 35S:PheWRKY86 transgenic Arabidopsis and rice showed significantly improved tolerance to drought stress. 35S:PheWRKY86 transgenic plants exhibited better water retention and lower relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to wild type plants. Moreover, 35S:PheWRKY86 transgenic lines showed higher sensitivity to ABA stress. The 35S:PheWRKY86 transgenic plants exhibited higher ABA levels relative to wild type, while also exhibiting a lower germination rate, root length and fresh weight compared to wild type. Further analysis showed that expression of some ABA-responsive genes was changed in the 35S:PheWRKY86 transgenic lines under drought conditions. Transient expression and yeast one-hybrid assays demonstrated that PheWRKY86 could bind to the W-box element in the promoter region of NCED1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PheWRKY86 plays a positive role in drought tolerance by regulating NCED1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Kaimei Zhang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yuzeng Xu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Linna Wang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zilu Qin
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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20
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Li C, Yan C, Sun Q, Wang J, Yuan C, Mou Y, Shan S, Zhao X. The bHLH transcription factor AhbHLH112 improves the drought tolerance of peanut. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:540. [PMID: 34784902 PMCID: PMC8594184 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) are one of the largest gene families in plants. They regulate gene expression through interactions with specific motifs in target genes. bHLH TFs are not only universally involved in plant growth but also play an important role in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, most members of this family have not been functionally characterized. RESULTS Here, we characterized the function of a bHLH TF in the peanut, AhHLH112, in response to drought stress. AhHLH112 is localized in the nucleus and it was induced by drought stress. The overexpression of this gene improves the drought tolerance of transgenic plants both in seedling and adult stages. Compared to wild-type plants, the transgenic plants accumulated less reactive oxygen species (ROS), accompanied by increased activity and transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase). In addition, the WT plants demonstrated higher MDA concentration levels and higher water loss rate than the transgenic plants under drought treatment. The Yeast one-hybrid result also demonstrates that AhbHLH112 directly and specifically binds to and activates the promoter of the peroxidase (POD) gene. Besides, overexpression of AhHLH112 improved ABA level under drought condition, and elevated the expression of genes associated with ABA biosynthesis and ABA responding, including AtNCED3 and AtRD29A. CONCLUSIONS Drawing on the results of our experiments, we propose that, by improving ROS-scavenging ability, at least in part through the regulation of POD -mediated H2O2 homeostasis, and possibly participates in ABA-dependent stress-responding pathway, AhbHLH112 acts as a positive factor in drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Li
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanxi Sun
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Cuiling Yuan
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Yifei Mou
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihua Shan
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhao
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
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21
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Yang G, Peng S, Wang T, Gao X, Li D, Li M, Chen S, Xu Z. Walnut ethylene response factor JrERF2-2 interact with JrWRKY7 to regulate the GSTs in plant drought tolerance. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112945. [PMID: 34737155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Juglans regia is a world-famous woody oil plant, whose yield and quality are affected by drought stress. Ethylene-responsive factors (ERFs) play vital role in plant stress response. In current study, to comprehend the walnut molecular mechanism of drought stress response, an ERF transcription factor was clarified from J. regia (JrERF2-2) and its potential function mechanism to drought was clarified. The results showed that JrERF2-2 could be induced significantly by drought. The transgenic Arabidopsis over-expression of JrERF2-2 displayed enhanced growth, antioxidant enzyme vitalities, reactive oxygen species scavenging and proline produce under drought stress. Especial the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and most GST genes' transcription were elevated obviously. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and co-transient expression (CTE) methods revealed that JrERF2-2 could recognize JrGST4, JrGST6, JrGST7, JrGST8, and JrGSTF8 by binding to GCC-box, and recognize JrGST11, JrGST12, and JrGSTN2 by binding to DRE motif. Meanwhile, the binding activity was strengthened by drought stress. Moreover, JrERF2-2 could interact with JrWRKY7 to promote plant drought tolerance; JrWRKY7 could also distinguish JrGST4, JrGST7, JrGST8, JrGST11, JrGST12, and JrGSTF8 via binding to W-Box motif. These results suggested that JrERF2-2 could effectively improve plant drought tolerance through interacting with JrWRKY7 to control the expression of GSTs. JrERF2-2 is a useful plant representative gene for drought response in molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyan Yang
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization in Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization in Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangqian Gao
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization in Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Dapei Li
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization in Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengge Li
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization in Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization in Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenggang Xu
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Hu Q, Ao C, Wang X, Wu Y, Du X. GhWRKY1-like, a WRKY transcription factor, mediates drought tolerance in Arabidopsis via modulating ABA biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:458. [PMID: 34625048 PMCID: PMC8501554 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress has great negative effects on the plant growth and development. The tolerance of plants to such abiotic stress is triggered by complicated and multilayered signaling pathways to restore cellular homeostasis and to promote survival. The WRKY family is one of the largest transcription factor families in higher plants, and has been well recognized for the roles in regulating plants tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. However, little is known about how the WRKY genes regulate drought resistance in cotton. RESULTS In this work, we identified the WRKY transcription factor GhWRKY1-like from upland cotton as a positive regulator of tolerance to drought that directly manipulates abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Overexpression of GhWRKY1-like in Arabidopsis constitutively activated ABA biosynthesis genes, signaling genes, responsive genes and drought related maker genes, and led to enhanced tolerance to drought. Further analysis has shown that GhWRKY1-like can interact with "W-box" cis-elements of the promoters of AtNCED2, AtNCED5, AtNCED6 and AtNCED9 which are essential enzymes for ABA biosynthesis, and promotes the expression of those target genes. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings suggest that GhWRKY1-like may act as a positive regulator in Arabidopsis tolerance to drought via directly interacting with the promoters of AtNCED2, AtNCED5, AtNCED6 and AtNCED9 to promote ABA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Chuanwei Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Xuezhu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
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23
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Zhou T, Yang X, Wang G, Cao F. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a WRKY transcription factor gene, GbWRKY20, from Ginkgo biloba. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1930442. [PMID: 34024256 PMCID: PMC8331020 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1930442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are important regulators of diverse plant life processes. Our aim was to clone and characterize GbWRKY20, a WRKY gene of group IIc, derived from Ginkgo biloba. The cDNA sequence of GbWRKY20 was 818 bp long, encoding a 271-amino acid proteins and containing two introns and three exons. The proteinic molecular weight was 30.99 kDa, with a relevant theoretical isoelectric point of 8.15. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed that the GbWRKY20 protein localized to the nucleus. In total, 75 cis-regulatory elements of 19 different types were identified in the GbWRKY20 promoter sequence, including some elements involved in light responsiveness, anaerobic induction and circadian control, low-temperature responsiveness, as well as salicylic acid (SA) and auxin responsiveness. Expression pattern analysis of plant samples from different developmental stages and tissue types, revealed differential GbWRKY20 expression. The GbWRKY20 transcript was downregulated 12 h after heat treatment and at 4-12 h after drought treatment, but was upregulated 12 h after NaCl, cold and methyl jasmonate treatments. For abscisic acid and SA treatments, the GbWRKY20 transcript was upregulated at 24 h. In summary, GbWRKY20 encoded a newly cloned WRKY transcription factor of G. biloba that might be involved in plant growth and plant responses to abiotic stresses and hormones treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- CONTACT Fuliang Cao Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, NanjingChina
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24
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Wang NN, Li Y, Chen YH, Lu R, Zhou L, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Li XB. Phosphorylation of WRKY16 by MPK3-1 is essential for its transcriptional activity during fiber initiation and elongation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2736-2752. [PMID: 34043792 PMCID: PMC8408482 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cotton, one of the most important crops in the world, produces natural fiber materials for the textile industry. WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant development and stress responses. However, little is known about whether and how WRKY transcription factors regulate fiber development of cotton so far. In this study, we show that a fiber-preferential WRKY transcription factor, GhWRKY16, positively regulates fiber initiation and elongation. GhWRKY16-silenced transgenic cotton displayed a remarkably reduced number of fiber protrusions on the ovule and shorter fibers compared to the wild-type. During early fiber development, GhWRKY16 directly binds to the promoters of GhHOX3, GhMYB109, GhCesA6D-D11, and GhMYB25 to induce their expression, thereby promoting fiber initiation and elongation. Moreover, GhWRKY16 is phosphorylated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase GhMPK3-1 at residues T-130 and S-260. Phosphorylated GhWRKY16 directly activates the transcription of GhMYB25, GhHOX3, GhMYB109, and GhCesA6D-D11 for early fiber development. Thus, our data demonstrate that GhWRKY16 plays a crucial role in fiber initiation and elongation, and that GhWRKY16 phosphorylation by GhMPK3-1 is essential for the transcriptional activation on downstream genes during the fiber development of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Jia X, Feng H, Bu Y, Ji N, Lyu Y, Zhao S. Comparative Transcriptome and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Identify Key Transcription Factors of Rosa chinensis 'Old Blush' After Exposure to a Gradual Drought Stress Followed by Recovery. Front Genet 2021; 12:690264. [PMID: 34335694 PMCID: PMC8320538 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.690264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rose is one of the most fundamental ornamental crops, but its yield and quality are highly limited by drought. The key transcription factors (TFs) and co-expression networks during rose’s response to drought stress and recovery after drought stress are still limited. In this study, the transcriptomes of leaves of 2-year-old cutting seedlings of Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’ from three continuous droughted stages (30, 60, 90 days after full watering) and rewatering were analyzed using RNA sequencing. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct a co-expression network, which was associated with the physiological traits of drought response to discovering the hub TFs involved in drought response. More than 45 million high-quality clean reads were generated from the sample and used for comparison with the rose reference genome. A total of 46433 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that drought stress caused significant changes in signal transduction, plant hormones including ABA, auxin, brassinosteroid (BR), cytokinin, ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), primary and secondary metabolism, and a certain degree of recovery after rewatering. Gene co-expression analysis identified 18 modules, in which four modules showed a high degree of correlation with physiological traits. In addition, 42 TFs including members of NACs, WRKYs, MYBs, AP2/ERFs, ARFs, and bHLHs with high connectivity in navajowhite1 and blue modules were screened. This study provides the transcriptome sequencing report of R. chinensis ‘Old Blush’ during drought stress and rewatering process. The study also identifies the response of candidate TFs to drought stress, providing guidelines for improving the drought tolerance of the rose through molecular breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plant Breeding, Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Bu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plant Breeding, Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, Beijing, China
| | - Naizhe Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plant Breeding, Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmin Lyu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plant Breeding, Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, Beijing, China
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26
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Ahammed GJ, Li X, Mao Q, Wan H, Zhou G, Cheng Y. The SlWRKY81 transcription factor inhibits stomatal closure by attenuating nitric oxide accumulation in the guard cells of tomato under drought. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:885-895. [PMID: 33063343 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play multifaceted roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. Previously, we found that SlWRKY81 negatively regulates tomato tolerance to drought; however, the mechanisms of stomatal regulation in response to drought remain largely unclear. Here, we showed that drought-induced upregulation in the SlWRKY81 transcripts induced photoinhibition and reduced the net photosynthetic rate in tomato leaves. However, silencing SlWRKY81 alleviated those inhibitions and minimized the drought-induced damage. A time-course of water loss showed that SlWRKY81 silencing significantly and consistently reduced leaf water loss, suggesting a role for SlWRKY81 in stomatal movement. Further analysis using light microscopy revealed that SlWRKY81 silencing significantly decreased stomatal aperture and increased the ratio of length to width of stomata under drought. Both biochemical assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that drought-induced upregulation in SlWRKY81 expression inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in the guard cells, which was attributed to the simultaneous declines in the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and NR expression in tomato leaves. The inspection of 3-kb sequences upstream of the predicted transcriptional start site of the NR identified three copies of the core W-box (TTGACC/T) sequence in the promoter region, indicating possible targets of SlWRKY81. Taken together, these data suggest that SlWRKY81 potentially represses NR transcription and thus reduces NO accumulation to attenuate stomatal closure and subsequent drought tolerance. These findings provide an improved understanding of the mechanism of WRKY-induced regulation of stomatal closure, which can be exploited in the future to enhance drought tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Mao
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guozhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Kumar V, Thakur JK, Prasad M. Histone acetylation dynamics regulating plant development and stress responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4467-4486. [PMID: 33638653 PMCID: PMC11072255 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Crop productivity is directly dependent on the growth and development of plants and their adaptation during different environmental stresses. Histone acetylation is an epigenetic modification that regulates numerous genes essential for various biological processes, including development and stress responses. Here, we have mainly discussed the impact of histone acetylation dynamics on vegetative growth, flower development, fruit ripening, biotic and abiotic stress responses. Besides, we have also emphasized the information gaps which are obligatory to be examined for understanding the complete role of histone acetylation dynamics in plants. A comprehensive knowledge about the histone acetylation dynamics will ultimately help to improve stress resistance and reduce yield losses in different crops due to climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verandra Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitendra K Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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28
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Numan M, Khan AL, Asaf S, Salehin M, Beyene G, Tadele Z, Ligaba-Osena A. From Traditional Breeding to Genome Editing for Boosting Productivity of the Ancient Grain Tef [ Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter]. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:628. [PMID: 33806233 PMCID: PMC8066236 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is a staple food crop for 70% of the Ethiopian population and is currently cultivated in several countries for grain and forage production. It is one of the most nutritious grains, and is also more resilient to marginal soil and climate conditions than major cereals such as maize, wheat and rice. However, tef is an extremely low-yielding crop, mainly due to lodging, which is when stalks fall on the ground irreversibly, and prolonged drought during the growing season. Climate change is triggering several biotic and abiotic stresses which are expected to cause severe food shortages in the foreseeable future. This has necessitated an alternative and robust approach in order to improve resilience to diverse types of stresses and increase crop yields. Traditional breeding has been extensively implemented to develop crop varieties with traits of interest, although the technique has several limitations. Currently, genome editing technologies are receiving increased interest among plant biologists as a means of improving key agronomic traits. In this review, the potential application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) technology in improving stress resilience in tef is discussed. Several putative abiotic stress-resilient genes of the related monocot plant species have been discussed and proposed as target genes for editing in tef through the CRISPR-Cas system. This is expected to improve stress resilience and boost productivity, thereby ensuring food and nutrition security in the region where it is needed the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Numan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (M.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, Biotechnology and OMICs Laboratory, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (A.L.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, Biotechnology and OMICs Laboratory, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (A.L.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammad Salehin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (M.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Getu Beyene
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA;
| | - Zerihun Tadele
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Ayalew Ligaba-Osena
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (M.N.); (M.S.)
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29
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Javadi SM, Shobbar ZS, Ebrahimi A, Shahbazi M. New insights on key genes involved in drought stress response of barley: gene networks reconstruction, hub, and promoter analysis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:2. [PMID: 33409810 PMCID: PMC7788114 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important cereals worldwide. Although this crop is drought-tolerant, water deficiency negatively affects its growth and production. To detect key genes involved in drought tolerance in barley, a reconstruction of the related gene network and discovery of the hub genes would help. Here, drought-responsive genes in barley were collected through analysis of the available microarray datasets (− 5 ≥ Fold change ≥ 5, adjusted p value ≤ 0.05). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were reconstructed. Results The hub genes were identified by Cytoscape software using three Cyto-hubba algorithms (Degree, Closeness, and MNC), leading to the identification of 17 and 16 non-redundant genes at vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively. These genes consist of some transcription factors such as HvVp1, HvERF4, HvFUS3, HvCBF6, DRF1.3, HvNAC6, HvCO5, and HvWRKY42, which belong to AP2, NAC, Zinc-finger, and WRKY families. In addition, the expression pattern of four hub genes was compared between the two studied cultivars, i.e., “Yousef” (drought-tolerant) and “Morocco” (susceptible). The results of real-time PCR revealed that the expression patterns corresponded well with those determined by the microarray. Also, promoter analysis revealed that some TF families, including AP2, NAC, Trihelix, MYB, and one modular (composed of two HD-ZIP TFs), had a binding site in 85% of promoters of the drought-responsive genes and of the hub genes in barley. Conclusions The identified hub genes, especially those from AP2 and NAC families, might be among key TFs that regulate drought-stress response in barley and are suggested as promising candidate genes for further functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Mehri Javadi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra-Sadat Shobbar
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Asa Ebrahimi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahbazi
- Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Billah M, Li F, Yang Z. Regulatory Network of Cotton Genes in Response to Salt, Drought and Wilt Diseases ( Verticillium and Fusarium): Progress and Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:759245. [PMID: 34912357 PMCID: PMC8666531 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.759245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In environmental conditions, crop plants are extremely affected by multiple abiotic stresses including salinity, drought, heat, and cold, as well as several biotic stresses such as pests and pathogens. However, salinity, drought, and wilt diseases (e.g., Fusarium and Verticillium) are considered the most destructive environmental stresses to cotton plants. These cause severe growth interruption and yield loss of cotton. Since cotton crops are central contributors to total worldwide fiber production, and also important for oilseed crops, it is essential to improve stress tolerant cultivars to secure future sustainable crop production under adverse environments. Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to respond and acclimate to adverse stress conditions at both physiological and molecular levels. Recent progresses in molecular genetics have delivered new insights into the regulatory network system of plant genes, which generally includes defense of cell membranes and proteins, signaling cascades and transcriptional control, and ion uptake and transport and their relevant biochemical pathways and signal factors. In this review, we mainly summarize recent progress concerning several resistance-related genes of cotton plants in response to abiotic (salt and drought) and biotic (Fusarium and Verticillium wilt) stresses and classify them according to their molecular functions to better understand the genetic network. Moreover, this review proposes that studies of stress related genes will advance the security of cotton yield and production under a changing climate and that these genes should be incorporated in the development of cotton tolerant to salt, drought, and fungal wilt diseases (Verticillium and Fusarium).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masum Billah
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fuguang Li,
| | - Zhaoen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhaoen Yang,
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31
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Li S, Hai J, Wang Z, Deng J, Liang T, Su L, Liu D. Lilium regale Wilson WRKY2 Regulates Chitinase Gene Expression During the Response to the Root Rot Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:741463. [PMID: 34646290 PMCID: PMC8503523 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.741463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Root rot, mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is the most destructive disease affecting lily (Lilium spp.) production. The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) have important roles during plant immune responses. To clarify the effects of WRKY TFs on plant defense responses to pathogens, a WRKY gene (LrWRKY2) was isolated from Lilium regale Wilson, which is a wild lily species highly resistant to F. oxysporum. The expression of LrWRKY2, which encodes a nuclear protein, is induced by various hormones (methyl jasmonate, ethephon, salicylic acid, and hydrogen peroxide) and by F. oxysporum infection. In this study, LrWRKY2-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants were more resistant to F. oxysporum than the wild-type plants. Moreover, the expression levels of jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathway-related genes (NtAOC, NtAOS, NtKAT, NtPACX, NtJMT, NtOPR, and NtLOX), pathogenesis-related genes (NtCHI, NtGlu2, and NtPR-1), and antioxidant stress-related superoxide dismutase genes (NtSOD, NtCu-ZnSOD, and MnSOD) were significantly up-regulated in LrWRKY2 transgenic tobacco lines. Additionally, the transient expression of a hairpin RNA targeting LrWRKY2 increased the susceptibility of L. regale scales to F. oxysporum. Furthermore, an F. oxysporum resistance gene (LrCHI2) encoding a chitinase was isolated from L. regale. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that LrWRKY2 can bind to the LrCHI2 promoter containing the W-box element. Yeast one-hybrid assay results suggested that LrWRKY2 can activate LrCHI2 transcription. An examination of transgenic tobacco transformed with LrWRKY2 and the LrCHI2 promoter revealed that LrWRKY2 activates the LrCHI2 promoter. Therefore, in L. regale, LrWRKY2 is an important positive regulator that contributes to plant defense responses to F. oxysporum by modulating LrCHI2 expression.
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32
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Almeida-Silva F, Moharana KC, Machado FB, Venancio TM. Exploring the complexity of soybean (Glycine max) transcriptional regulation using global gene co-expression networks. PLANTA 2020; 252:104. [PMID: 33196909 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION We report a soybean gene co-expression network built with data from 1284 RNA-Seq experiments, which was used to identify important regulators, modules and to elucidate the fates of gene duplicates. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the most important crops worldwide, constituting a major source of protein and edible oil. Gene co-expression networks (GCN) have been extensively used to study transcriptional regulation and evolution of genes and genomes. Here, we report a soybean GCN using 1284 publicly available RNA-Seq samples from 15 distinct tissues. We found modules that are differentially regulated in specific tissues, comprising processes such as photosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, lignin metabolism, and response to biotic stress. We identified transcription factors among intramodular hubs, which probably integrate different pathways and shape the transcriptional landscape in different conditions. The top hubs for each module tend to encode proteins with critical roles, such as succinate dehydrogenase and RNA polymerase subunits. Importantly, gene essentiality was strongly correlated with degree centrality and essential hubs were enriched in genes involved in nucleic acids metabolism and regulation of cell replication. Using a guilt-by-association approach, we predicted functions for 93 of 106 hubs without functional description in soybean. Most of the duplicated genes had different transcriptional profiles, supporting their functional divergence, although paralogs originating from whole-genome duplications (WGD) are more often preserved in the same module than those from other mechanisms. Together, our results highlight the importance of GCN analysis in unraveling key functional aspects of the soybean genome, in particular those associated with hub genes and WGD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Almeida-Silva
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, P5, sala 217, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kanhu C Moharana
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, P5, sala 217, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabricio B Machado
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, P5, sala 217, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Venancio
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, P5, sala 217, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
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Dong Q, Zheng W, Duan D, Huang D, Wang Q, Liu C, Li C, Gong X, Li C, Mao K, Ma F. MdWRKY30, a group IIa WRKY gene from apple, confers tolerance to salinity and osmotic stresses in transgenic apple callus and Arabidopsis seedlings. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 299:110611. [PMID: 32900448 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses threaten the productivity and quality of economically important perennial fruit crops such as apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). WRKY transcription factors play various roles in plant responses to abiotic stress, but little is known regarding WRKY genes in apple. Here, we carried out functional characterization of an apple Group IIa WRKY gene (MdWRKY30). qRT-PCR analysis found that MdWRKY30 expression was induced by salt and drought stress. A subcellular localization assay showed that MdWRKY30 is localized to the nucleus. A transactivation assay found that MdWRKY30 has no transcriptional activation activity. A Y2H assay indicated that MdWRKY26, MdWRKY28, and MdWRKY30 interact with each other to form heterodimers and homodimers. Transgenic analysis revealed that the overexpression of MdWRKY30 in Arabidopsis enhanced salt and osmotic tolerance in the seedling stage, as well as during the seed germination and greening cotyledon stages. MdWRKY30 overexpression enhanced tolerance to salt and osmotic stresses in transgenic apple callus through transcriptional regulation of stress-related genes. Together, our results demonstrate that MdWRKY30 is an important regulator of salinity and osmotic stress tolerance in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Wenqian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Dingyue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Dong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Ke Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Xiong C, Zhao S, Yu X, Sun Y, Li H, Ruan C, Li J. Yellowhorn drought-induced transcription factor XsWRKY20 acts as a positive regulator in drought stress through ROS homeostasis and ABA signaling pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:187-195. [PMID: 32771930 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium) is a peculiar woody edible oil-bearing tree in China. WRKY transcription factors have specific roles in plant multiple abiotic stress responses. However, it is still not clear that the molecular mechanisms of WRKYs involve in drought tolerance in yellowhorn. In this study, we isolated a drought-induced group I WRKY gene from yellowhorn, designated as XsWRKY20. Expression of XsWRKY20 was strongly induced by PEG6000, NaCl, ABA and SA. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of XsWRKY20 reduced tolerance to drought stress in yellowhorn, as determined through physiological analyses of POD activity, SOD activity and proline content. This susceptibility was coupled with decreased expression of stress-related genes. In contrast, overexpression of XsWRKY20 in tobacco notably improved drought tolerance. Compared with the WT plants, the XsWRKY20-transgenic lines exhibited lower ROS and MDA content and higher antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content after drought treatment. Moreover, overexpression of XsWRKY20 enhanced the expression of several genes associated with encoding these antioxidant enzymes, proline biosynthesis and ABA signaling pathway. Taken together, XsWRKY20 functions as a positive regulator contributing to drought stress tolerance through either ROS homeostasis by antioxidant systems or ABA-dependent/independent gene expression pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization-Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Shang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization-Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Xue Yu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization-Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization-Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization-Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Jingbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization-Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, PR China; Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
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Zhang JB, He SP, Luo JW, Wang XP, Li DD, Li XB. A histone deacetylase, GhHDT4D, is positively involved in cotton response to drought stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:67-79. [PMID: 32621165 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetylation and deacetylation of histones are important for regulating a series of biological processes in plants. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) control the histone deacetylation that plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stress. In our study, we show the evidence that GhHDT4D (a member of the HD2 subfamily of HDACs) is involved in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) response to drought stress. Overexpression of GhHDT4D in Arabidopsis increased plant tolerance to drought, whereas silencing GhHDT4D in cotton resulted in plant sensitivity to drought. Simultaneously, the H3K9 acetylation level was altered in the GhHDT4D silenced cotton, compared with the controls. Further study revealed that GhHDT4D suppressed the transcription of GhWRKY33, which plays a negative role in cotton defense to drought, by reducing its H3K9 acetylation level. The expressions of the stress-related genes, such as GhDREB2A, GhDREB2C, GhSOS2, GhRD20-1, GhRD20-2 and GhRD29A, were significantly decreased in the GhHDT4D silenced cotton, but increased in the GhWRKY33 silenced cotton. Given these data together, our findings suggested that GhHDT4D may enhance drought tolerance by suppressing the expression of GhWRKY33, thereby activating the downstream drought response genes in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shao-Ping He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jing-Wen Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xin-Peng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Deng-Di Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Zhu MD, Zhang M, Gao DJ, Zhou K, Tang SJ, Zhou B, Lv YM. Rice OsHSFA3 Gene Improves Drought Tolerance by Modulating Polyamine Biosynthesis Depending on Abscisic Acid and ROS Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051857. [PMID: 32182761 PMCID: PMC7084839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a serious problem, which causes heavy yield losses for rice. Heat-shock factors (HSFs) had been implicated in tolerance to drought and high temperature. However, there has not been much functional characterization and mechanism clarification in rice. Previously, we found an HSF gene, OsHSFA3, was highly related with drought tolerance after screening from 10,000 different samples. Herein, we cloned the OsHSFA3 from rice and overexpressed it in Arabidopsis thaliana to study its regulatory mechanism of drought tolerance. Phenotypic and physiological assays of the transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed that overexpression of OsHSFA3 confers drought tolerance by reducing water loss and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, whereas it increases abscisic acid (ABA) levels. However, enzymatic antioxidants such as activity levels of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were not significantly different between wild type and transgenic lines. Instead, we observed a significant increase in polyamine content, which was correlated with increased AtADC1, AtADC2, SPDS1 and SPMS expression levels. In silico and in vivo analyses confirmed that OsHSFA3 is a nuclear-localized gene. In addition, OsHSFA3 can bind to the promoter of AtADC1 and OsADC via a yeast one-hybrid assay. Overall, this study reveals that OsHSFA3 improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis not only by increasing ABA levels, but also by modulating polyamine levels to maintain ROS homeostasis, therefore it could be a strong candidate to develop drought-tolerant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Dong Zhu
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (M.-D.Z.); (D.-J.G.); (K.Z.); (S.-J.T.)
| | - Meng Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
| | - Du-Juan Gao
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (M.-D.Z.); (D.-J.G.); (K.Z.); (S.-J.T.)
| | - Kun Zhou
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (M.-D.Z.); (D.-J.G.); (K.Z.); (S.-J.T.)
| | - Shan-Jun Tang
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (M.-D.Z.); (D.-J.G.); (K.Z.); (S.-J.T.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (M.-D.Z.); (D.-J.G.); (K.Z.); (S.-J.T.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Yan-Mei Lv
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (M.-D.Z.); (D.-J.G.); (K.Z.); (S.-J.T.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (Y.-M.L.)
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Li X, Tang Y, Zhou C, Zhang L, Lv J. A Wheat WRKY Transcription Factor TaWRKY46 Enhances Tolerance to Osmotic Stress in transgenic Arabidopsis Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041321. [PMID: 32075313 PMCID: PMC7072902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play central roles in developmental processes and stress responses of wheat. Most WRKY proteins of the same group (Group III) have a similar function in abiotic stress responses in plants. TaWRKY46, a member of Group III, was up-regulated by PEG treatment. TaWRKY46-GFP fusion proteins localize to the nucleus in wheat mesophyll protoplasts. Overexpression of TaWRKY46 enhanced osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants, which was mainly demonstrated by transgenic Arabidopsis plants forming higher germination rate and longer root length on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing mannitol. Furthermore, the expression of several stress-related genes (P5CS1, RD29B, DREB2A, ABF3, CBF2, and CBF3) was significantly increased in TaWRKY46-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants after mannitol treatment. Taken together, these findings proposed that TaWRKY46 possesses vital functions in improving drought tolerance through ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways when plants are exposed to adverse osmotic conditions. TaWRKY46 can be taken as a candidate gene for transgenic breeding against osmotic stress in wheat. It can further complement and improve the information of the WRKY family members of Group III.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jinyin Lv
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-7219-6187
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Poku SA, Seçgin Z, Kavas M. Overexpression of Ks-type dehydrins gene OeSRC1 from Olea europaea increases salt and drought tolerance in tobacco plants. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5745-5757. [PMID: 31385239 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural production is greatly affected by environmental stresses, such as cold, drought and high-salinity. It is possible to produce tolerant genotypes by transferring genes encoding protective proteins or enzymes from other organisms. In this regard, the current study was aimed to clone a novel OeSRC1 gene identified during the transcriptome profiling of olives (Olea europaea L.) and to investigate the function of this gene in tobacco plants. Functional evaluation of OeSRC1 gene in putative transgenic tobacco plants were carried out under drought, cold and salt stress conditions by using molecular and biochemical tools. It was observed that the transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher seed germination and survival rates, better root and shoot growth under cold, salt and drought stress treatments compared to wild type plants. Our results also demonstrated that, under stress conditions, transgenic plants accumulated more free proline while no significant changes were observed regarding electrolyte leakage. Ascorbate peroxidase activity of OeSRC1-overexpressing plants was higher than those of the WT plants under different stress conditions. The overall results demonstrate the explicit role of OeSRC1 gene in conferring multiple abiotic stress tolerance at the whole-plant level. The multifunctional role of olive OeSRC1 gene looks good to enhance environmental stress tolerance in diverse plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Aduse Poku
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Graduate School of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo Matsudo-shi, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Zafer Seçgin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55200, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Musa Kavas
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55200, Samsun, Turkey.
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Transcription Factor GarWRKY5 Is Involved in Salt Stress Response in Diploid Cotton Species ( Gossypium aridum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215244. [PMID: 31652670 PMCID: PMC6862181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton is one of the most economically important crops in the world, and it is exposed to various abiotic stresses during its lifecycle, especially salt stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cotton tolerance to salt stress are still not fully understood due to the complex nature of salt response. Therefore, identification of salt stress tolerance-related functional genes will help us understand key components involved in stress response and provide valuable genes for improving salt stress tolerance via genetic engineering in cotton. In the present study, virus-induced gene silencing of GhWRKY5 in cotton showed enhanced salt sensitivity compared to wild-type plants under salt stress. Overexpression of GarWRKY5 in Arabidopsis positively regulated salt tolerance at the stages of seed germination and vegetative growth. Additionally, GarWRKY5-overexpressing plants exhibited higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) under salt stress. The transcriptome sequencing analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis plants and wild-type plants revealed that there was enriched coexpression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging (including glutamine S-transferases (GSTs) and SODs) and altered response to jasmonic acid and salicylic acid in the GarWRKY5-OE lines. GarWRKY5 is involved in salt stress response by the jasmonic acid- or salicylic acid-mediated signaling pathway based on overexpression of GarWRKY5 in Arabidopsis and virus-induced gene silencing of GarWRKY5 in cotton.
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