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Gallas JA, Pelozo LL, Corona SAM, Shen Y, Haapasalo M, Sousa-Neto MD, Souza-Gabriel AE. Effect of pomegranate solution alone or combined with chlorhexidine against oral multispecies biofilm. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 39126293 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM Natural bioactive products have been tested as alternative antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the effect of Punica granatum extract (PGE) on oral multispecies biofilms. METHODOLOGY Lyophilized extracts from pomegranate peel were prepared, and the punicalagin content was assessed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Oral multispecies biofilms from 2 donors were grown on four collagen-coated hydroxyapatite discs. After incubation for 7 days or 3 weeks, the biofilms were exposed to water (control), 2% CHX, 10% PGE, 20% PGE or 30% PGE for 3 min. The proportions of dead bacteria were assessed by the live/dead staining and confocal microscopy. After the analysis, the best PGE concentration (30%) was combined with CHX. The experimental phases were repeated using water, 2% CHX, 30% PGE and 30% PGE + 2% CHX. Five random areas of the biofilm on each disc were scanned, resulting in 20 scanned areas for each group. RESULTS Regarding the biofilm volume, no differences were found amongst solutions (p = .111). The PGE solution killed bacteria effectively in 1-week, 2-week and 3-week-old-plaque biofilms, ranging from 37 to 55.3%, depending on the PGE concentration. The 30% PGE (a) (p = .0009) had greater antibiofilm effectiveness than 2% CHX (b), which killed bacteria in the 25.2 to 48.7% range. The 10% and 20% PGE had intermediate values (ab), without significant differences from 30% PGE (p = 1.002). Water (c) had the lowest proportion of dead bacteria (p < .00001) in a range of 5 to 6.7% and lower effectiveness in killing bacteria (p < .05). The PGE alone or mixed with 2% CHX had greater anti-biofilm effectiveness than CHX (p < .05). The old plaque biofilms were more resistant than the 7-day-old plaque (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The 30% PGE (alone or combined with CHX) exhibited a greater antibiofilm effect on oral multispecies biofilms grown on hydroxyapatite discs than 2% CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Gallas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L L Pelozo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S A M Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Y Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M D Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A E Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bartsch S, Kohnert E, Kreutz C, Woelber JP, Anderson A, Burkhardt AS, Hellwig E, Buchalla W, Hiller KA, Ratka-Krueger P, Cieplik F, Al-Ahmad A. Chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash alters the oral microbial composition and affects the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1429692. [PMID: 38983634 PMCID: PMC11231401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1429692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a commonly used antiseptic in situations of limited oral hygiene ability such as after periodontal surgery. However, CHX is also considered as a possible factor in the emergence of cross-resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the oral microbiota and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) due to CHX treatment. Materials and methods We analyzed the oral metagenome of 20 patients who applied a 0.2% CHX mouthwash twice daily for 4 weeks following periodontal surgical procedures. Saliva and supragingival plaque samples were examined before, directly after 4 weeks, and another 4 weeks after discontinuing the CHX treatment. Results Alpha-diversity decreased significantly with CHX use. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity increased in both sample sites and mainly streptococci showed a higher relative abundance after CHX treatment. Although no significant changes of ARGs could be detected, an increase in prevalence was found for genes that encode for tetracycline efflux pumps. Conclusion CHX treatment appears to promote a caries-associated bacterial community and the emergence of tetracycline resistance genes. Future research should focus on CHX-related changes in the microbial community and whether the discovered tetracycline resistance genes promote resistance to CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Bartsch
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Eva Kohnert
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Johan P. Woelber
- Policlinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annette Anderson
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ann-Sophie Burkhardt
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Ratka-Krueger
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Chan CY, Vishwanath V, Cheung HY, Cheng YTJ, Ki K, Airis Mok HM, Pudipeddi A, Lee AHC, Cheung GSP, Neelakantan P. Tissue Stabilization, Bacterial Adhesion, and Stem Cell Viability in Trans-cinnamaldehyde-conditioned Dentin. J Endod 2023; 49:1634-1640. [PMID: 37793567 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) conditioning on dentin tissue stabilization, bacterial adhesion, and stem cell toxicity. METHODS Dentin beams (n = 204) from extracted human molars were demineralized in phosphoric acid and treated with TC (2.5, 5, and 7.5%), 50% ethanol-water mixture (vehicle control) or 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GA) (positive control) for 30 minutes. Demineralized but untreated specimens served as the negative control. After treatment, collagen crosslinking was characterized by measuring the elastic modulus (Er) and hardness (n = 5). Biodegradation resistance was examined by determining the loss of dry mass (n = 8), hydroxyproline release (n = 4) and scanning electron microscopy (n = 2), after exposure to bacterial collagenase. Inhibition of bacterial adhesion was investigated by colony counting assay (n = 12) and scanning electron microscopy (n = 2). Viability of stem cells of the apical papilla on TC-conditioned dentin was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (n = 8). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS TC-conditioned dentin showed a concentration-dependent increase in Er and hardness. The Er and hardness of 5% and 7.5% TC-conditioned dentin were significantly greater than that of the negative control and vehicle control groups (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the biodegradation resistance between GA and 5% TC-conditioned dentin (P > .05). TC-conditioned dentin showed a well-preserved collagen fibril network with clear cross-banding, comparable to GA-conditioned dentin. All concentrations of TC inhibited bacterial adhesion on dentin, significantly greater than the negative control (P < .05). There was no reduction in viability of stem cells of the apical papilla viability on TC-conditioned dentin compared to the negative control (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS TC conditioning stabilized the dentin and protected it from enzymatic degradation. TC prevented bacterial adhesion on the dentin but maintained stem cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yan Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Hoi Yin Cheung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Kei Ki
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Akhila Pudipeddi
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Gary Shun Pan Cheung
- Department of Dental Surgery, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Endodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California.
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Zhang JS, Chen Z, Chu CH, Yu OY. Effect of silver diamine fluoride upon the microbial community of carious lesions: A scoping review. J Dent 2023; 134:104554. [PMID: 37220834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on the microbial community of carious lesions. DATA Original studies evaluating the effect of SDF treatment on the microbial community of human carious lesions were included. SOURCES A systematic search of English-language publications was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Gray literature was searched in ClinicalTrials.gov and Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION/RESULTS This review included seven publications reporting the effects of SDF on microbial community of dental plaque or carious dentin, including the microbial biodiversity, relative abundance of microbial taxa, and predicted functional pathways of the microbial community. The studies on microbial community of dental plaque reported that SDF did not have a significant effect on both the within-community species diversity (alpha-diversity) and inter-community microbial compositional dissimilarity (beta-diversity) of the plaque microbial communities. However, SDF changed the relative abundance of 29 bacterial species of plaque community, inhibited carbohydrate transportation and interfered with the metabolic functions of the plaque microbial community. A study on the microbial community in dentin carious lesions reported that SDF affected its beta-diversity and changed the relative abundance of 14 bacterial species. CONCLUSION SDF showed no significant effects on the biodiversity of the plaque microbial community but changed the beta-diversity of the carious dentin microbial community. SDF could change the relative abundance of certain bacterial species in the dental plaque and the carious dentin. SDF could also affect the predicted functional pathways of the microbial community. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This review provided comprehensive evidence on the potential effect of SDF treatment on the microbial community of carious lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie Shizhen Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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OUIDIR T, GABRIEL B, CHABANE YNAIT. Overview of multi-species biofilms in different ecosystems: wastewater treatment, soil and oral cavity. J Biotechnol 2022; 350:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Liu H, Li H, Zhang L, Wang Z, Qian J, Yu M, Shen Y. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial effect of four root canal sealers on dental biofilms. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4361-4368. [PMID: 35137277 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To dynamically evaluate the effect of four root canal sealers on the killing of biofilms within dentinal tubules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin blocks were prepared for infection of the dentinal tubules. Enterococcus faecalis VP3-181 and multi-species bacteria from two donors were cultured. After 3 days of incubation, the infected dentin specimens were rinsed with sterile water for 1 min and subjected to treatment. Additionally, multi-species bacteria from donor 1 were incubated for 3 weeks to allow biofilm maturation and then the specimens were subjected to treatment. Gutta-percha-treated dentin specimens comprised the control group. A root canal sealer (bioceramic sealers: EndoSequence BC Sealer, ProRoot Endo Sealer, or GuttaFlow Bioseal; and a traditional silicone-based sealer: Guttaflow 2) was spread onto the canal walls of the dentin. The specimens were examined with confocal laser scanning microscopy at 7, 30, or 60 days. RESULTS In the 3-day-old biofilm group, the proportion of killed bacteria decreased significantly from the first 7 days of treatment to 60 days of treatment for all sealers (p < 0.05). In the 3-week-old biofilm group, 60 days of exposure to bioceramic sealers resulted in more significant dead bacteria than 7-day exposures of the biofilms (p < 0.05). Bioceramic sealers were more effective in killing bacteria than the GuttaFlow 2 sealer (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Calcium silicate-based sealers showed good antimicrobial effects against biofilms within dentinal tubules, especially in the first week in young biofilms. There is no substantive antibacterial activity observed for the examined root canal sealers against young dentinal tubule biofilms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The bioceramic root canal sealers examined demonstrate minimal additional antibacterial effects after long-term exposure to young biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China.,Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Junrong Qian
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Lan Y, Yang J, Liu X, Zhao H, Zhang X, Yin X, Yang C, Yang K, Liu Y. Inhibition efficiency of 304-Cu stainless steel against oral bacterial biofilm. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000211065259. [PMID: 35086381 DOI: 10.1177/22808000211065259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial properties of 304 Cu-bearing stainless steel (SS) with different Cu contents (0, 2.5, 4.5 wt.%) against oral biofilms of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), and their mixture. METHODS Bacterial biofilms on the surface of 304-Cu SS were characterized by plate counting, 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining with aid of sanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 2, 3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt (XTT). In addition, the inhibition zone method was also employed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of 304-Cu SS. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were used to assess the cytotoxicity and apoptosis rate of 304-Cu SS, respectively. RESULTS 304-4.5Cu SS could effectively inhibit the attachment, formation, activity, and metabolism of bacterial biofilm, possessing the best antibacterial properties exceeding 99.9% of antibacterial rate against S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and their mixture. The diameters of inhibition zones to S. mutans and S. sanguinis on the surface of 304-4.5Cu SS were 21.7 and 14.7 mm, respectively. The results of cell experiments in vitro showed that both 304-2.5Cu SS and 304-4.5Cu SS had no evident cytotoxicity with an identical grade 1. The apoptosis rate exhibited a gradually increased tendency with increase of the Cu content in 304 SS. CONCLUSIONS 304-4.5Cu SS without cytotoxic effect on NIH3T3 cells has obvious antibacterial activity against S. mutans, S. sanguinis and their mixture. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The Cu-bearing stainless steel provides a new solution to be used as oral orthodontic devices for inhibiting oral microflora imbalance and enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Lan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianbo Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Hanyu Zhao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueliang Yin
- School of Metallurgy, Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology, Benxi, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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Zhang T, Xia L, Wang Z, Hancock REW, Haapasalo M. Recovery of Oral In Vitro Biofilms after Exposure to Peptides and Chlorhexidine. J Endod 2020; 47:466-471. [PMID: 33248060 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to examine the dynamic recovery of established multispecies biofilms of oral bacteria after an initial treatment by D-enantiomeric peptide DJK-5, L-enantiomeric peptide 1018, or chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). METHODS Oral biofilms from 2 donors were grown on collagen-coated hydroxyapatite disks for 3 weeks and exposed to DJK-5, 1018, and 2% CHX for 3 minutes. Immediately after treatment and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 12 weeks after exposure, the biofilm volume and the volume ratio of dead and live bacteria in biofilms were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy using a live/dead viability stain. Results were examined by 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc multiple comparisons to determine significance at a P < .05 significance level. RESULTS DJK-5 killed almost 80% of biofilms in 3 minutes and maintained this high level of dead bacteria for 1 week. The proportion of viable bacteria in DJK-5-treated biofilms returned to the pretreatment level after 12 weeks. The biovolume of DJK-5-treated biofilm remained significantly lower than that of biofilms after CHX and no treatment throughout the 12-week follow-up period (P < .001). The proportion of dead bacteria was higher in biofilms exposed to DJK-5 than with 1018 or CHX for 8 weeks after the exposure (P < .001). The proportion of dead bacteria almost doubled to 46%-52% during the first 7 days after the 3-minute exposure to CHX and peptide 1018. The timeline of biofilm recovery was slow but similar after exposure to CHX and the 2 peptides. CONCLUSIONS ecovery time after exposure to DJK-5 was longer than that after exposure to 1018 and CHX. Peptide 1018 showed a delayed, continued antibacterial effect similar to that of 2% CHX against the biofilm microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lingyun Xia
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Ali IAA, Cheung BPK, Matinlinna J, Lévesque CM, Neelakantan P. Trans-cinnamaldehyde potently kills Enterococcus faecalis biofilm cells and prevents biofilm recovery. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104482. [PMID: 32920147 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a biofilm-forming, nosocomial pathogen that is frequently isolated from failed root canal treatments. Contemporary root canal disinfectants are ineffective in eliminating these biofilms and preventing reinfection. As a result, there is a pressing need to identify novel and safe antibiofilm molecules. The effect of short-term (5 and 15 min) and long-term (24 h) treatments of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) on the viability of E. faecalis biofilms was compared with currently used root canal disinfectants. Treatment for 15 min with TC reduced biofilm metabolic activity as effective as 1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine. Treatment with TC for 24 h was significantly more effective than 2% chlorhexidine in reducing the viable cell counts of biofilms. This serendipitous effect of TC was sustained for 10 days under growth-favoring conditions. For the first time, our study highlights the strong antibacterial activity of TC against E. faecalis biofilms, and notably, its ability to prevent biofilm recovery after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam A A Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Becky P K Cheung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - JukkaP Matinlinna
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Han Q, Jiang Y, Brandt BW, Yang J, Chen Y, Buijs MJ, Crielaard W, Cheng L, Deng D. Regrowth of Microcosm Biofilms on Titanium Surfaces After Various Antimicrobial Treatments. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2693. [PMID: 31824464 PMCID: PMC6886480 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Our aim of this work was to investigate the regrowth of implant-related biofilms after various antimicrobial treatments in vitro. Methods: Saliva-derived microcosm biofilms were grown on titanium discs in an active attachment model. Treatments including hydrogen peroxide (HP), citric acid (CA), chlorhexidine (CHX), and distilled water (control), at different concentrations, were applied to 2-day biofilms for 1 or 5 min. The viability, lactic acid production, and composition of the biofilms were followed for 3 days. The biofilm composition was analyzed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Results: The short treatments of CA, CHX, and HP resulted in a 2-3 log reduction in biofilm viability and lactic acid production immediately. However, both parameters returned to the pre-treatment level within 2 days due to biofilm regrowth. The alpha diversity of the regrown biofilms in antimicrobial-treated groups tended to decrease, whereas the diversity of those in water-treated group increased. The composition of the regrown biofilms altered compared to those before treatments. Streptococcus and Enterobacteriaceae were enriched in the regrown biofilms. Conclusions: Although the antimicrobial treatments were efficient, the multi-species biofilms were indeed able to regrow within 2 days. The regrown biofilms display an altered microbial diversity and composition, which in the oral cavity may lead to an aggressive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pathology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yaling Jiang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodonics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jingmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pathology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mark J Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodonics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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