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Lee EJ, Kim SJ, Jeon SY, Chung S, Park SE, Kim JS, Choi SJ, Oh SY, Ryu GH, Jeon HB, Chang JW. Glutaminase-1 inhibition alleviates senescence of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells via senolysis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:873-885. [PMID: 39120480 PMCID: PMC11386220 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Replicative senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) caused by repeated cell culture undermines their potential as a cell therapy because of the reduction in their proliferation and therapeutic potential. Glutaminase-1 (GLS1) is reported to be involved in the survival of senescent cells, and inhibition of GLS1 alleviates age-related dysfunction via senescent cell removal. In the present study, we attempted to elucidate the association between MSC senescence and GLS1. We conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to analyze the effect of GLS1 inhibition on senolysis and the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Inhibition of GLS1 in Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) reduced the expression of aging-related markers, such as p16, p21, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype genes, by senolysis. Replicative senescence-alleviated WJ-MSCs, which recovered after short-term treatment with bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide 3 (BPTES), showed increased proliferation and therapeutic effects compared to those observed with senescent WJ-MSCs. Moreover, compared to senescent WJ-MSCs, replicative senescence-alleviated WJ-MSCs inhibited apoptosis in serum-starved C2C12 cells, enhanced muscle formation, and hindered apoptosis and fibrosis in mdx mice. These results imply that GLS1 inhibition can ameliorate the therapeutic effects of senescent WJ-MSCs in patients with muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In conclusion, GLS1 is a key factor in modulating the senescence mechanism of MSCs, and regulation of GLS1 may enhance the therapeutic effects of senescent MSCs, thereby increasing the success rate of clinical trials involving MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Lee
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jeong Kim
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Jeon
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobeen Chung
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eon Park
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139706, Republic of Korea
- Radiological and Medico‑Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Joo Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Ha Ryu
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- The Office of R&D Strategy & Planning, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Bae Jeon
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
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2
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Hsu SY, Huang YP, Hsia TC, Chen JC, Peng SF, Hsieh WT, Chueh FS, Kuo CL. PEITC Induces DNA Damage and Inhibits DNA Repair-Associated Proteins in Human Retinoblastoma Cells In Vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39177411 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a natural product, exists in biological activities, including anticancer activity in many human cancer cells. No information shows that PEITC affects DNA damage in human retinoblastoma (RB) cells in vitro. In this study, the aim of experiments was to determine whether PEITC decreased total viable cell number or not by inducing protein expressions involved in DNA damage and repair in Y79 RB cells in vitro. Total cell viability was measured by PI exclusion assay, and PEITC reduced the total Y79 viable cell numbers in a dose-dependent manner. DNA condensation and DNA impairment were conducted by DAPI staining and comet assays, respectively, in Y79 cells. The findings show that PEITC induced DNA condensation dose-dependently based on the brighter fluorescence of cell nuclei stained by DAPI staining. PEITC-induced DNA damage showed a more extended DNA migration smears than that of the control, which was performed by a comet assay. Western blotting was performed to measure the protein expressions involved in DNA damage and repair, which showed that PEITC at 2.5-10 μM increased NRF2, HO-1, SOD (Mn), and catalase; however, it decreased SOD (Cu/Zn) except 10 μM PEITC treatment, and decreased glutathione, which were associated with oxidative stress. Furthermore, PEITC increased DNA-PK, MDC1, H2A.XpSer139, ATMpSer1981, p53, p53pSer15, PARP, HSP70, and HSP90, but decreased TOPIIα, TOPIIβ, and MDM2pSer166 that were associated with DNA damage and repair mechanism in Y79 cells. The examination from confocal laser microscopy shows that PEITC increased H2A.XpSer139 and p53pSer15, and decreased glutathione and TOPIIα in Y79 cells. In conclusion, the cytotoxic effects of PEITC on reducing the number of viable cells may be due to the induction of DNA damage and the alteration of DNA repair proteins in Y79 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Abd El-Lateef HM, Ali LS, Qahl SH, Binjawhar DN, Fayad E, Alghamdi MA, Altalhi SA, Al-Salmi FA, Shabana ES, Radwan KH, Youssef I, Shaaban S, Rashwan HM, El-Sawah SG. Therapeutic effect of N, N-Diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and adipose-derived stem cells coadministration on diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus-rat model. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:647-657. [PMID: 38594572 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes stem-cell-based treatment approach is among the leading therapeutic strategies for treating cardiac damage owing to the stem cells' regeneration capabilities. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) have shown great potential in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Herein, we explored the antioxidant-supporting role of N, N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPD) in enhancing the MSCs' therapeutic role in alleviating DCM complications in heart tissues of type 1 diabetic rats. Six male albinos Wistar rat groups have been designed into the control group, DPPD (250 mg/kg, i.p.) group, diabetic-untreated group, and three diabetic rat groups treated with either AD-MSCs (1 × 106 cell/rat, i.v.) or DPPD or both. Interestingly, all three treated diabetic groups exhibited a significant decrease in serum glucose, HbA1c, heart dysfunction markers (lactate dehydrogenase and CK-MP) levels, and lipid profile fractions (except for HDL-C), as well as some cardiac oxidative stress (OS) levels (MDA, AGEs, XO, and ROS). On the contrary, serum insulin, C-peptide, and various cardiac antioxidant levels (GSH, GST, CAT, SOD, TAC, and HO-1), beside viable cardiac cells (G0/G1%), were markedly elevated compared with the diabetic untreated group. In support of these findings, the histological assay reflected a marked enhancement in the cardiac tissues of all diabetic-treated groups, with obvious excellency of the AD-MSCs + DPPD diabetic-treated group. Such results strongly suggested the great therapeutic potentiality of either DPPD or AD-MSCs single injection in enhancing the cardiac function of diabetic rats, with a great noted enhancement superiority of DPPD and AD-MSCs coadministration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M Abd El-Lateef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Lashin S Ali
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansours, Egypt
| | - Safa H Qahl
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal N Binjawhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Alghamdi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Altalhi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawziah A Al-Salmi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - El Shaimaa Shabana
- Fellow of Biochemistry, Genetic Unit, Children Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Kholoud H Radwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Horus University in Egypt HUE, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Youssef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Neuroradiology and Neuro-intervention Section, Department of Radiology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Saad Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Rashwan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Shady G El-Sawah
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt
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4
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Baldisserotto C, Gessi S, Ferraretto E, Merighi S, Ardondi L, Giacò P, Ferroni L, Nigro M, Travagli A, Pancaldi S. Cultivation modes affect the morphology, biochemical composition, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the green microalga Neochloris oleoabundans. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01958-7. [PMID: 38864933 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered promising sustainable sources of natural bioactive compounds to be used in biotechnological sectors. In recent years, attention is increasingly given to the search of microalgae-derived compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties for nutraceutical or pharmacological issues. In this context, attention is usually focused on the composition and bioactivity of algae or their extracts, while less interest is driven to their biological features, for example, those related to morphology and cultivation conditions. In addition, specific studies on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of microalgae mainly concern Chlorella or Spirulina. The present work was focused on the characterization of the Chlorophyta Neochloris oleoabundans under two combinations of cultivation modes: autotrophy and glucose-induced mixotrophy, each followed by starvation. Biomass for morphological and biochemical characterization, as well as for extract preparation, was harvested at the end of each cultivation phase. Analyses indicated a different content of the most important classes of bioactive compounds with antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties (lipids, exo-polysaccharides, pigments, total phenolics, and proteins). In particular, the most promising condition able to prompt the production of antioxidant algal biomass with anti-inflammatory properties was the mixotrophic one. Under mixotrophy, beside an elevated algal biomass production, a strong photosynthetic metabolism with high appression of thylakoid membranes and characteristics of high photo-protection from oxidative damage was observed and linked to the overproduction of exo-polysaccharides and lipids rather than pigments. Overall, mixotrophy appears a good choice to produce natural bioactive extracts, potentially well tolerated by human metabolism and environmentally sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baldisserotto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Ferraretto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Ardondi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - P Giacò
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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5
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Massidda MW, Demkov A, Sices A, Lee M, Lee J, Paull TT, Kim J, Baker AB. Mechanical Rejuvenation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Aged Patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597781. [PMID: 38895474 PMCID: PMC11185588 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are an appealing therapeutic cell type for many diseases. However, patients with poor health or advanced age often have MSCs with poor regenerative properties. A major limiter of MSC therapies is cellular senescence, which is marked by limited proliferation capability, diminished multipotency, and reduced regenerative properties. In this work, we explored the ability of applied mechanical forces to reduce cellular senescence in MSCs. Our studies revealed that mechanical conditioning caused a lasting enhancement in proliferation, overall cell culture expansion potential, multipotency, and a reduction of senescence in MSCs from aged donors. Mechanistic studies suggested that these functional enhancements were mediated by oxidative stress and DNA damage repair signaling with mechanical load altering the expression of proteins of the sirtuin pathway, the DNA damage repair protein ATM, and antioxidant proteins. In addition, our results suggest a biophysical mechanism in which mechanical stretch leads to improved recognition of damaged DNA in the nucleus. Analysis of the cells through RNA-seq and ATAC-seq, demonstrated that mechanical loading alters the cell's genetic landscape to cause broad shifts in transcriptomic patterns that related to senescence. Overall, our results demonstrate that mechanical conditioning can rejuvenate mesenchymal stem cells derived from aged patients and improve their potential as a therapeutic cell type. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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6
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Travaglini S, Marinoni M, Visconte V, Guarnera L. Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasm: Biology and Mechanistic Aspects of Malignant Progression. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1054. [PMID: 38791019 PMCID: PMC11118122 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) arise after a documented history of chemo/radiotherapy as treatment for an unrelated condition and account for 10-20% of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. T-MN are characterized by a specific genetic signature, aggressive features and dismal prognosis. The nomenclature and the subsets of these conditions have changed frequently over time, and despite the fact that, in the last classification, they lost their autonomous entity status and became disease qualifiers, the recognition of this feature remains of major importance. Furthermore, in recent years, extensive studies focusing on clonal hematopoiesis and germline variants shed light on the mechanisms of positive pressure underpinning the rise of driver gene mutations in t-MN. In this manuscript, we aim to review the evolution of defining criteria and characteristics of t-MN from a clinical and biological perspective, the advances in mechanistic aspects of malignant progression and the challenges in prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Travaglini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Marinoni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Luca Guarnera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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7
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Luo L, An X, Xiao Y, Sun X, Li S, Wang Y, Sun W, Yu D. Mitochondrial-related microRNAs and their roles in cellular senescence. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1279548. [PMID: 38250662 PMCID: PMC10796628 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1279548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural aspect of mammalian life. Although cellular mortality is inevitable, various diseases can hasten the aging process, resulting in abnormal or premature senescence. As cells age, they experience distinctive morphological and biochemical shifts, compromising their functions. Research has illuminated that cellular senescence coincides with significant alterations in the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile. Notably, a subset of aging-associated miRNAs, originally encoded by nuclear DNA, relocate to mitochondria, manifesting a mitochondria-specific presence. Additionally, mitochondria themselves house miRNAs encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These mitochondria-residing miRNAs, collectively referred to as mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs), have been shown to influence mtDNA transcription and protein synthesis, thereby impacting mitochondrial functionality and cellular behavior. Recent studies suggest that mitomiRs serve as critical sensors for cellular senescence, exerting control over mitochondrial homeostasis and influencing metabolic reprogramming, redox equilibrium, apoptosis, mitophagy, and calcium homeostasis-all processes intimately connected to senescence. This review synthesizes current findings on mitomiRs, their mitochondrial targets, and functions, while also exploring their involvement in cellular aging. Our goal is to shed light on the potential molecular mechanisms by which mitomiRs contribute to the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Luo
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xingna An
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yinghui Xiao
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiguang Sun
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingzhao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qianwei Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weixia Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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8
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George N, Joshi MB, Satyamoorthy K. DNA damage-induced senescence is associated with metabolomic reprogramming in breast cancer cells. Biochimie 2024; 216:71-82. [PMID: 37758157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Senescence due to exogenous and endogenous stresses triggers metabolic reprogramming and is associated with many pathologies, including cancer. In solid tumors, senescence promotes tumorigenesis, facilitates relapse, and changes the outcomes of anti-cancer therapies. Hence, cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating senescent pathways make attractive therapeutic targets. Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to sustain the growth-arrested state of senescence. In the present study, we aimed to understand the metabolic reprogramming in MCF-7 breast tumor cells in response to two independent inducers of DNA damage-mediated senescence, including ionizing radiation and doxorubicin. Increased DNA double-strand breaks, as demonstrated by γH2AX staining, showed a senescence phenotype, with expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase accompanied by the upregulation of p21 and p16 in both groups. Further, untargeted analysis of the senescence-related extracellular metabolome profile of MCF-7 cells showed significantly reduced concentrations of carnitine and pantothenic acid and increased levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine in doxorubicin-treated cells, indicating the accumulation of ROS mediated DNA damage and impaired mitochondrial membrane potential. Similarly, a significant decline in the creatine level was observed in radiation-exposed cells, suggesting an increase in oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage. Our study, therefore, provides key effectors of the metabolic changes in doxorubicin and radiation-induced early senescence in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena George
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, India.
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, India.
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, India; Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) University, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Manjushree Nagar, Sattur, Dharwad, 580009, Karnataka, India.
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9
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Guarnera L, Santinelli E, Galossi E, Cristiano A, Fabiani E, Falconi G, Voso MT. Microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia: focus on senescence mechanisms, therapeutic interactions, and future directions. Exp Hematol 2024; 129:104118. [PMID: 37741607 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease with a dismal prognosis, mainly affecting the elderly. In recent years, new drugs have improved life expectancy and quality of life, and a better understanding of the genetic-molecular nature of the disease has shed light on previously unknown aspects of leukemogenesis. In parallel, increasing attention has been attracted to the complex interactions between cells and soluble factors in the bone marrow (BM) environment, collectively known as the microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the central role of the microenvironment in physiologic and pathologic hematopoiesis and the mechanisms of senescence, considered a fundamental protective mechanism against the proliferation of damaged and pretumoral cells. The microenvironment also represents a fertile ground for the development of myeloid malignancies, and the leukemic niche significantly interacts with drugs commonly used in AML treatment. Finally, we focus on the role of the microenvironment in the engraftment and complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the only curative option in a conspicuous proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guarnera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Santinelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Galossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristiano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fabiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Saint Camillus International, University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Falconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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10
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Staton Laws III J, Smid SD. Sesquiterpene-evoked phytochemical toxicity in PC12 neuronal cells reveals a variable degree of oxidative stress and alpha-tocopherol and glutathione-dependent protection. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 6:100144. [PMID: 38193034 PMCID: PMC10772400 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are often promoted generally as antioxidants and demonstrate variable levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) sequestration in vitro, which attributes to their neuroprotective bioactivity. Sesquiterpenes from cannabis and essential oils may demonstrate bifunctional properties towards cellular oxidative stress, possessing pro-oxidant activities by generating ROS or scavenging ROS directly. Sesquiterpenes can also oxidize forming sesquiterpene oxides, however the relative contribution they make to the bioactivity or cytotoxicity of complex botanical extracts more generally is unclear, while selected cannabis-prevalent terpenes such as β-caryophyllene may also activate cannabinoid receptors as part of their biological activity. In the present study, we investigated selected sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and humulene and their oxidized forms (β-caryophyllene oxide and zerumbone, respectively) against established antioxidants (ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and glutathione) and in the presence of cannabinoid receptor 1 and cannabinoid receptor 2 antagonists, to gain a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuroprotection versus neurotoxicity in semi-differentiated rat neuronal phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Our results demonstrate that the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene, humulene and zerumbone possess concentration-dependent neurotoxic effects in PC12 cells. Both β-caryophyllene- and humulene-evoked toxicity was unaffected by CB1 or CB2 receptor antagonism, demonstrating this occurred independently of cannabinoid receptors. Both glutathione and α-tocopherol were variably able to alleviate the concentration-dependent loss of PC12 cell viability from exposure to β-caryophyllene, humulene and zerumbone. During 4-hour exposure to sesquiterpenes only modest increases in ROS levels were noted in PC12 cells, with glutathione co-incubation significantly inhibiting intracellular ROS production. However, significant increases in ROS levels in PC12 cells were demonstrated during 24-hour incubation with either antioxidants or sesquiterpenes individually, and with additive toxicity exhibited in combination. Overall, the results highlight a concentration-dependent profile of sesquiterpene neurotoxicity independent of cannabinoid receptors and dissociated from the formation of reactive oxygen species as a marker or correlate to the loss of cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Staton Laws III
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Scott D. Smid
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Li K, Zhong W, Li P, Ren J, Jiang K, Wu W. Recent advances in lignin antioxidant: Antioxidant mechanism, evaluation methods, influence factors and various applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:125992. [PMID: 37544567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a by-product of processing lignocellulosic materials, has a polyphenolic structure and can be used as an antioxidant directly or synergistically with synthetic types of antioxidants, leading to different applications. Its antioxidant mechanism is mainly related to the production of ROS, but the details need to be further investigated. The antioxidant property of lignin is mainly related to the content of phenolic hydroxyl group, but methoxy, purity will also have an effect on it. In addition, different methods to detect the antioxidant properties of lignin have different advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, the antioxidant mechanism of lignin, the methods to determine the antioxidant activity and the progress of its application in various fields are reviewed. In addition, the current research on the antioxidant properties of lignin and the hot directions are provided, and an outlook on the research into the antioxidant properties of lignin is provided to broaden its potential application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongyan Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianpeng Ren
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kangjie Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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12
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TAMURA N, HEIDARI N, FARAGHER RG, SMITH RK, DUDHIA J. Effects of resveratrol and its analogues on the cell cycle of equine mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. J Equine Sci 2023; 34:67-72. [PMID: 37781569 PMCID: PMC10534064 DOI: 10.1294/jes.34.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV; trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) strongly activates sirtuin 1, and it and its analogue V29 enhance the proliferation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs).Although culture medium containing 5-azacytydine and RSV inhibits senescence of adipose tissue-derived MSCs isolated from horses with metabolic syndrome, few studies have reported the effects of RSV on equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (eBMMSCs) isolated from horses without metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RSV and V29 on the cell cycle of eBMMSCs. Following treatment with 5 µM RSV or 10 µM V29, the cell proliferation capacity of eBMMSCs derived from seven horses was evaluated by EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) and Ki-67 antibody assays. Brightfield images of cells and immunofluorescent images of EdU, Ki-67, and DAPI staining were recorded by fluorescence microscopy, and the number of cells positive for each was quantified and compared by Friedman's test at P<0.05. The growth fraction of eBMMSCs was significantly increased by RSV and V29 as measured by the EdU assay (control 28.1% ± 13.8%, V29 31.8% ± 14.6%, RSV 32.0% ± 10.8%; mean ± SD; P<0.05) but not as measured by the Ki-67 antibody assay (control 27.0% ± 11.2%, V29 27.4% ± 10.8%, RSV 27.7% ± 6.8%). RSV and V29 promoted progression of the cell cycle of eBMMSCs into the S phase and may be useful for eBMMSC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa TAMURA
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Equine
Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412,
Japan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services,
Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Neda HEIDARI
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services,
Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Richard G.A. FARAGHER
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences,
University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Roger K.W. SMITH
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services,
Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Jayesh DUDHIA
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services,
Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
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13
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Alamino VA, Onofrio LI, Acosta CDV, Ferrero PV, Zacca ER, Cadile II, Mussano ED, Onetti LB, Montes CL, Gruppi A, Acosta Rodriguez EV. Tofacitinib treatment of rheumatoid arthritis increases senescent T cell frequency in patients and limits T cell function in vitro. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250353. [PMID: 37179252 PMCID: PMC10524217 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the immune signatures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving various treatment regimens can aid in comprehending the immune mechanisms' role in treatment efficacy and side effects. Given the critical role of cellular immunity in RA pathogenesis, we sought to identify T-cell profiles characterizing RA patients under specific treatments. We compared 75 immunophenotypic and biochemical variables in healthy donors (HD) and RA patients, including those receiving different treatments as well as treatment-free patients. Additionally, we conducted in vitro experiments to evaluate the direct effect of tofacitinib on purified naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Multivariate analysis revealed that tofacitinib-treated patients segregated from HD at the expense of T-cell activation, differentiation, and effector function-related variables. Additionally, tofacitinib led to an accumulation of peripheral senescent memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In vitro, tofacitinib impaired the activation, proliferation, and effector molecules expression and triggered senescence pathways in T-cell subsets upon TCR-engagement, with the most significant impact on memory CD8+ T cells. Our findings suggest that tofacitinib may activate immunosenescence pathways while simultaneously inhibiting effector functions in T cells, both effects likely contributing to the high clinical success and reported side effects of this JAK inhibitor in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina A Alamino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luisina I Onofrio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Paola V Ferrero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Estefanía R Zacca
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Isaac I Cadile
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo D Mussano
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura B Onetti
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina L Montes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V Acosta Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
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14
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Lim Y, Park SH, Kim EJ, Lim H, Jang J, Hong IS, Kim S, Jung Y. Polar microalgae extracts protect human HaCaT keratinocytes from damaging stimuli and ameliorate psoriatic skin inflammation in mice. Biol Res 2023; 56:40. [PMID: 37438821 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polar microalgae contain unique compounds that enable them to adapt to extreme environments. As the skin barrier is our first line of defense against external threats, polar microalgae extracts may possess restorative properties for damaged skin, but the potential of microalgae extracts as skin protective agents remains unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze compound profiles from polar microalgae extracts, evaluate their potential as skin epithelial protective agents, and examine the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Six different polar microalgae, Micractinium sp. (KSF0015 and KSF0041), Chlamydomonas sp. (KNM0029C, KSF0037, and KSF0134), and Chlorococcum sp. (KSF0003), were collected from the Antarctic or Arctic regions. Compound profiles of polar and non-polar microalgae extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The protective activities of polar microalgae extracts on human keratinocyte cell lines against oxidative stress, radiation, and psoriatic cytokine exposure were assessed. The potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated by KSF0041, a polar microalga with protective properties against oxidative stress, ultraviolet (UV) B, and an inflammatory cytokine cocktail, were investigated using RNA-sequencing analysis. To evaluate the therapeutic activity of KSF0041, an imiquimod-induced murine model of psoriatic dermatitis was used. RESULTS Polar microalgae contain components comparable to those of their non-polar counterparts, but also showed distinct differences, particularly in fatty acid composition. Polar microalgae extracts had a greater ability to scavenge free radicals than did non-polar microalgae and enhanced the viability of HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte cell line, following exposure to UVB radiation or psoriatic cytokines. These extracts also reduced barrier integrity damage and decreased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in psoriatic HaCaT cells. Treatment with KSF0041 extract altered the transcriptome of psoriatic HaCaT cells toward a more normal state. Furthermore, KSF0041 extract had a therapeutic effect in a mouse model of psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS Bioactive compounds from polar microalgae extracts could provide novel therapeutics for damaged and/or inflamed skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoonHee Lim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Eun Jae Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Korea
| | - HeeJun Lim
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Korea
| | - Jinsun Jang
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea.
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15
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Lee SS, Vũ TT, Weiss AS, Yeo GC. Stress-induced senescence in mesenchymal stem cells: Triggers, hallmarks, and current rejuvenation approaches. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151331. [PMID: 37311287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as promising cell-based therapies in the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory conditions. However, despite accumulating evidence of the breadth of MSC functional potency, their broad clinical translation is hampered by inconsistencies in therapeutic efficacy, which is at least partly due to the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of MSC populations as they progress towards senescence in vitro. MSC senescence, a natural response to aging and stress, gives rise to altered cellular responses and functional decline. This review describes the key regenerative properties of MSCs; summarises the main triggers, mechanisms, and consequences of MSC senescence; and discusses current cellular and extracellular strategies to delay the onset or progression of senescence, or to rejuvenate biological functions lost to senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Shinchen Lee
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Thu Thuy Vũ
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Anthony S Weiss
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Giselle C Yeo
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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16
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Dańczak‐Pazdrowska A, Gornowicz‐Porowska J, Polańska A, Krajka‐Kuźniak V, Stawny M, Gostyńska A, Rubiś B, Nourredine S, Ashiqueali S, Schneider A, Tchkonia T, Wyles SP, Kirkland JL, Masternak MM. Cellular senescence in skin-related research: Targeted signaling pathways and naturally occurring therapeutic agents. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13845. [PMID: 37042069 PMCID: PMC10265178 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing interest by researchers into cellular senescence, a hallmark of cellular aging, its role in human skin remains equivocal. The skin is the largest and most accessible human organ, reacting to the external and internal environment. Hence, it is an organ of choice to investigate cellular senescence and to target root-cause aging processes using senolytic and senomorphic agents, including naturally occurring plant-based derivatives. This review presents different aspects of skin cellular senescence, from physiology to pathology and signaling pathways. Cellular senescence can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the skin, indicating that both prosenescent and antisenescent therapies may be desirable, based on the context. Knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in skin cellular senescence may provide meaningful insights for developing effective therapeutics for senescence-related skin disorders, such as wound healing and cosmetic skin aging changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Gornowicz‐Porowska
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases ProphylaxisPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Adriana Polańska
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
| | | | - Maciej Stawny
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Aleksandra Gostyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Błażej Rubiś
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular DiagnosticsPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Sarah Nourredine
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, University of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Sarah Ashiqueali
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, University of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | | | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - James L. Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Michal M. Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, University of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
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17
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Liao KM, Chen CJ, Luo WJ, Hsu CW, Yu SL, Yang PC, Su KY. Senomorphic effect of diphenyleneiodonium through AMPK/MFF/DRP1 mediated mitochondrial fission. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114616. [PMID: 37004322 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With an aging population and the numerous health impacts associated with old age, the identification of anti-aging drugs has become an important new research direction. Although mitochondria have been recognized to affect aging, anti-aging drugs specifically targeting the mitochondria are less well characterized. In this study, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) was identified as a potential senomorphic drug that functions by promoting mitochondrial fission. DPI significantly reduced the number of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) positive cells and increased the number of proliferating Ki-67 positive cells in BrdU or irradiation stress-induced senescent NIH3T3 cells or IMR90 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) replicative senescent cells. Cell cycle arrest genes and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors were downregulated with DPI treatment. In addition, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of mitochondrial respiration showed that DPI significantly reduced senescence-associated hyper OCR. Mechanistically, DPI promoted mitochondrial fission by enhancing AMPK/MFF phosphorylation and DRP1 mitochondrial translocation. Inhibition of DRP1 by Mdivi-1 abolished DPI-induced mitochondrial fission and the anti-senescence phenotype. Importantly, Eighty-eight-week-old mice treated with DPI had significantly reduced numbers of SA-β-gal positive cells and reduced expression of cell cycle arrest genes and SASP factors in their livers and kidneys. Pathological and functional assays showed DPI treatment not only reduced liver fibrosis and immune cell infiltration but also improved aged-related physical impairments in aged mice. Taken together, our study identified a potential anti-aging compound that exerts its effects through modulation of mitochondrial morphology.
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18
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Tyuryaeva I, Lyublinskaya O. Expected and Unexpected Effects of Pharmacological Antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119303. [PMID: 37298254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we have collected the existing data on the bioactivity of antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine, polyphenols, vitamin C) which are traditionally used in experimental biology and, in some cases, in the clinic. Presented data show that, despite the capacity of these substances to scavenge peroxides and free radicals in cell-free systems, their ability to exhibit these properties in vivo, upon pharmacological supplementation, has not been confirmed so far. Their cytoprotective activity is explained mainly by the ability not to suppress, but to activate multiple redox pathways, which causes biphasic hormetic responses and highly pleiotropic effects in cells. N-acetylcysteine, polyphenols, and vitamin C affect redox homeostasis by generating low-molecular-weight redox-active compounds (H2O2 or H2S), known for their ability to stimulate cellular endogenous antioxidant defense and promote cytoprotection at low concentrations but exert deleterious effects at high concentrations. Moreover, the activity of antioxidants strongly depends on the biological context and mode of their application. We show here that considering the biphasic and context-dependent response of cells on the pleiotropic action of antioxidants can help explain many of the conflicting results obtained in basic and applied research and build a more logical strategy for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tyuryaeva
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretskii pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Lyublinskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretskii pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Maliehe TS, Nqotheni MI, Shandu JS, Selepe TN, Masoko P, Pooe OJ. Chemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities, Mechanisms of Action of the Leaf Extract of Aloe arborescens Mill. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:869. [PMID: 36840217 PMCID: PMC9968107 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aloe arborescens Mill's extracts have been explored for antibacterial and antioxidant efficacies. However, there is limited information on its chemical composition and mechanism of action. The purpose of this study was to assess the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities and mechanism of the whole leaf extract of A. arborescens Mill. The phytochemical profile was analysed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant and antibacterial activities were screened using 1,1diphenyl2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and micro-dilution assays, respectively. The effects of the extract on the bacterial respiratory chain dehydrogenase, membrane integrity and permeability were analysed using iodonitrotetrazolium chloride, 260 absorbing materials and relative electrical conductivity assays. GC-MS spectrum revealed 26 compounds with N,N'-trimethyleneurea (10.56%), xanthine (8.57%) and 4-hexyl-1-(7-ethoxycarbonylheptyl)bicyclo[4.4.0]deca-2,5,7-triene (7.10%), being the major components. The extract also exhibited antioxidant activity with median concentration (IC50) values of 0.65 mg/mL on DPPH and 0.052 mg/mL on ABTS. The extract exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.07 to 1.13 mg/mL. The extract inhibited the bacterial growth by destructing the activity of the respiratory chain dehydrogenase, membrane integrity and permeability. Therefore, the leaf extract has the potential to serve as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsolanku Sidney Maliehe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, Empangeni 3886, South Africa
- Department of Water and Sanitation, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - Mduduzi Innocent Nqotheni
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, Empangeni 3886, South Africa
| | - Jabulani Siyabonga Shandu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, Empangeni 3886, South Africa
| | - Tlou Nelson Selepe
- Department of Water and Sanitation, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - Peter Masoko
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - Ofentse Jacob Pooe
- School of Life Science, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Protasoni M, Serrano M. Targeting Mitochondria to Control Ageing and Senescence. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:352. [PMID: 36839673 PMCID: PMC9960816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by a progressive impairment of cellular function and a systemic deterioration of tissues and organs, resulting in increased vulnerability to multiple diseases. Here, we review the interplay between two hallmarks of ageing, namely, mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. The targeting of specific mitochondrial features in senescent cells has the potential of delaying or even reverting the ageing process. A deeper and more comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial biology in senescent cells is necessary to effectively face this challenge. Here, we discuss the main alterations in mitochondrial functions and structure in both ageing and cellular senescence, highlighting the differences and similarities between the two processes. Moreover, we describe the treatments available to target these pathways and speculate on possible future directions of anti-ageing and anti-senescence therapies targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Protasoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Cambridge Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GP, UK
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21
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Protective effects of edible insect protein extracts from Protaetia brevitarsis against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in mouse C2C12 myoblast cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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N, N'-Diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine Antioxidant's Potential Role in Enhancing the Pancreatic Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Therapeutic Capabilities of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Type I Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010058. [PMID: 36670919 PMCID: PMC9854452 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be a promising therapeutic protocol for diabetes mellitus (DM) management. The latter is attributed to their differentiation potentiality to pancreatic β-cells, angiogenesis, and immune-modulatory capabilities by releasing various paracrine factors. Interestingly, antioxidant co-administration increased the MSCs' hypoglycemic and regenerative activities. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the therapeutic implication of type 1 DM after the co-administration of adipose tissue-derived-MSCs (AD-MSCs) and N,N'-d iphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPD), compared to the single injection of either of them alone. In our four week long experiment, six rat groups were used as control, DPPD (250 mg/kg, i.p.), STZ-diabetic (D), D+DPPD, D+AD-MSCs (1 × 106 cell/rat, i.p.), and D+AD-MSCs+DPPD groups. Within this context, a single injection of AD-MSCs or DPPD into diabetic rats showed significant pancreatic anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic capacities, superior to AD-MSCs injection. However, AD-MSCs and DPPD co-administration into diabetic rats manifested the highest hypoglycemic and pancreatic regenerative activities in managing diabetes compared to the single shot of AD-MSCs or DPPD. These results highlight the synergetic role of DPPD as an antioxidant in enhancing AD-MSCs' therapeutic applications.
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Fraile M, Eiro N, Costa LA, Martín A, Vizoso FJ. Aging and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Basic Concepts, Challenges and Strategies. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1678. [PMID: 36421393 PMCID: PMC9687158 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Aging and frailty are complex processes implicating multifactorial mechanisms, such as replicative senescence, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, or autophagy disorder. All of these mechanisms drive dramatic changes in the tissue environment, such as senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors and inflamm-aging. Thus, there is a demand for new therapeutic strategies against the devastating effects of the aging and associated diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) participate in a "galaxy" of tissue signals (proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative stress, and proangiogenic, antitumor, antifibrotic, and antimicrobial effects) contributing to tissue homeostasis. However, MSC are also not immune to aging. Three strategies based on MSC have been proposed: remove, rejuvenate, or replace the senescent MSC. These strategies include the use of senolytic drugs, antioxidant agents and genetic engineering, or transplantation of younger MSC. Nevertheless, these strategies may have the drawback of the adverse effects of prolonged use of the different drugs used or, where appropriate, those of cell therapy. In this review, we propose the new strategy of "Exogenous Restitution of Intercellular Signalling of Stem Cells" (ERISSC). This concept is based on the potential use of secretome from MSC, which are composed of molecules such as growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles and have the same biological effects as their parent cells. To face this cell-free regenerative therapy challenge, we have to clarify key strategy aspects, such as establishing tools that allow us a more precise diagnosis of aging frailty in order to identify the therapeutic requirements adapted to each case, identify the ideal type of MSC in the context of the functional heterogeneity of these cellular populations, to optimize the mass production and standardization of the primary materials (cells) and their secretome-derived products, to establish the appropriate methods to validate the anti-aging effects and to determine the most appropriate route of administration for each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fraile
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33920 Gijon, Spain
| | - Noemi Eiro
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33920 Gijon, Spain
| | - Luis A. Costa
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33920 Gijon, Spain
| | - Arancha Martín
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33920 Gijon, Spain
- Department of Emergency, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Los Prados, 395, 33394 Gijon, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Vizoso
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33920 Gijon, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33920 Gijon, Spain
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A Review of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Properties of Piper Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196774. [PMID: 36235309 PMCID: PMC9573611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are compounds that are able to inhibit the negative effects that come from free radicals. The phenomenon of imbalanced antioxidant production and the accumulation of free radicals in cells and tissues can cause oxidative stress. Excessive free radicals that enter the body cannot be warded off by endogenous antioxidant compounds so that the required antioxidant compounds can come from the outside, which helps in the performance of endogenous antioxidants. Antioxidants that come from outside consist of synthetic and natural antioxidants; however, synthetic antioxidants are not an option because they have toxic and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the use of natural ingredients is an alternative method that is needed to create a new natural antioxidant compound. Piper species are being considered as possible medicinal plants for the development of new sources of antioxidants. Several studies have been carried out starting from the extract levels, fractions, and compounds of the Piper species, which showed good antioxidant activity. Currently, some of these plants are being used as ingredients in traditional medicines to treat allergies, toothaches, and coughs. This review examines the distribution, botanical data, pharmacology, especially antioxidant activity, and the compounds contained in five Piper species, namely Piper amalago L., Piper betle L., Piper hispidum Sw., Piper longum L., and Piper umbellatum L.
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Onasanya GO, Msalya GM, Thiruvenkadan AK, Murali N, Saravanan R, Raja A, Okpeku M, Jeyakumar M, Ikeobi CO. Exposure to high thermal conditions for a long time induces apoptosis and decreases total RNA concentration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells among Indian Zebu–Jersey crossbreds. Vet World 2022; 15:2192-2201. [PMID: 36341055 PMCID: PMC9631357 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2192-2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Global warming has grave consequences on livestock production systems and profound negative effects on animal production. This study aimed to carry out an in vitro thermal stress stimulation (TSS) of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using different thermal assault conditions (TACs), including normal to extreme temperatures and varying durations of thermal exposure (DTE) to understand how PBMCs of Indian Zebu–Jersey crossbreds respond to various levels and durations of heat shock. Materials and Methods: Ten milliliters of blood were collected from 70 Indian Zebu–Jersey crossbreds under aseptic conditions and were sampled for isolating PBMCs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were divided into seven groups, each comprising 10 PBMC samples isolated from 10 different animals. Aliquots of 500 μL of PBMCs were stressed by exposure to different TACs (37, 40, and 45°C) for DTEs of 3 or 6 h. Subsequently, the cells were harvested. The control unstressed samples (500 μL aliquots of PBMCs) were exposed to no TAC (0°C) and zero DTE (0 h). Total RNA from all the treatment groups of PBMCs were isolated and quantitated. Results: We found a very strong association between TACs and RNA levels. In addition, PBMCs viability was negatively affected by heat shock. This led to an exponential reduction in PBMC count as TACs toughened. Only 3.59 × 105 ± 0.34 cells/mL were viable after exposure to 45°C for a 6 h DTE. This cell viability was lower than that measured in controls subjected to no stress and zero time DTE (2.56 × 107 ± 0.22 cells/mL). We also observed a reduction in the concentration of RNA isolated from thermally stressed PBMCs. Conclusion: In vitro TSS of PBMCs provided biological information on the response of cellular systems to heat shock after exposure to TACs. This will help to mitigate and manage the effects of thermal stress in bovine species. The association between the reduction in PBMC count after in vitro TSS and the expression of heat shock protein 70 gene will be investigated in the future to further understand how Indian Zebu–Jersey crossbreds respond to in vitro thermal conditions. This will be used to determine the in vivo response of Indian Jersey crossbreds to different environmental thermal conditions and will further enable the in vivo understanding of thermotolerance potentials of bovine species for better adaptation, survival, and production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbolabo Olaitan Onasanya
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George M. Msalya
- Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Aranganoor K. Thiruvenkadan
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Murali
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Saravanan
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Angamuthu Raja
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Mani Jeyakumar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Christian O. Ikeobi
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Meng Z, Liu J, Feng Z, Guo S, Wang M, Wang Z, Li Z, Li H, Sui L. N-acetylcysteine regulates dental follicle stem cell osteogenesis and alveolar bone repair via ROS scavenging. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:466. [PMID: 36076278 PMCID: PMC9461171 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) show mesenchymal stem cell properties with the potential for alveolar bone regeneration. Stem cell properties can be impaired by reactive oxygen species (ROS), prompting us to examine the importance of scavenging ROS for stem cell-based tissue regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a promising antioxidant, on the properties of DFSCs and DFSC-based alveolar bone regeneration. Methods DFSCs were cultured in media supplemented with different concentrations of NAC (0–10 mM). Cytologic experiments, RNA-sequencing and antioxidant assays were performed in vitro in human DFSCs (hDFSCs). Rat maxillary first molar extraction models were constructed, histological and radiological examinations were performed at day 7 post-surgery to investigate alveolar bone regeneration in tooth extraction sockets after local transplantation of NAC, rat DFSCs (rDFSCs) or NAC-treated rDFSCs. Results 5 mM NAC-treated hDFSCs exhibited better proliferation, less senescent rate, higher stem cell-specific marker and immune-related factor expression with the strongest osteogenic differentiation; other concentrations were also beneficial for maintaining stem cell properties. RNA-sequencing identified 803 differentially expressed genes between hDFSCs with and without 5 mM NAC. “Developmental process (GO:0032502)” was prominent, bioinformatic analysis of 394 involved genes revealed functional and pathway enrichment of ossification and PI3K/AKT pathway, respectively. Furthermore, after NAC treatment, the reduction of ROS levels (ROS, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide), the induction of antioxidant levels (glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase), the upregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling (PI3K-p110, PI3K-p85, AKT, phosphorylated-PI3K-p85, phosphorylated-AKT) and the rebound of ROS level upon PI3K/AKT inhibition were showed. Local transplantation of NAC, rDFSCs or NAC-treated rDFSCs was safe and promoted oral socket bone formation after tooth extraction, with application of NAC-treated rDFSCs possessing the best effect. Conclusions The proper concentration of NAC enhances DFSC properties, especially osteogenesis, via PI3K/AKT/ROS signaling, and offers clinical potential for stem cell-based alveolar bone regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03161-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosong Meng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhipeng Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shuling Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mingzhe Wang
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lei Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Dutta R, Bhattacharya E, Pramanik A, Hughes TA, Mandal Biswas S. Potent nutraceuticals having antioxidant, DNA damage protecting potential and anti-cancer properties from the leaves of four Ficus species. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Borges G, Criqui M, Harrington L. Tieing together loose ends: telomere instability in cancer and aging. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3380-3396. [PMID: 35920280 PMCID: PMC9490142 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere maintenance is essential for maintaining genome integrity in both normal and cancer cells. Without functional telomeres, chromosomes lose their protective structure and undergo fusion and breakage events that drive further genome instability, including cell arrest or death. One means by which this loss can be overcome in stem cells and cancer cells is via re-addition of G-rich telomeric repeats by the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). During aging of somatic tissues, however, insufficient telomerase expression leads to a proliferative arrest called replicative senescence, which is triggered when telomeres reach a critically short threshold that induces a DNA damage response. Cancer cells express telomerase but do not entirely escape telomere instability as they often possess short telomeres; hence there is often selection for genetic alterations in the TERT promoter that result in increased telomerase expression. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the consequences of telomere instability in cancer and aging, and outline the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in exploiting the reliance of cells on telomere maintenance for preserving genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Borges
- Molecular Biology Programme, Institute for Research in Immunology and CancerUniversity of MontrealQCCanada
| | - Mélanie Criqui
- Molecular Biology Programme, Institute for Research in Immunology and CancerUniversity of MontrealQCCanada
| | - Lea Harrington
- Molecular Biology Programme, Institute for Research in Immunology and CancerUniversity of MontrealQCCanada
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of MontrealQCCanada
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Hernández-Pérez OR, Juárez-Navarro KJ, Diaz NF, Padilla-Camberos E, Beltran-Garcia MJ, Cardenas-Castrejon D, Corona-Perez H, Hernández-Jiménez C, Díaz-Martínez NE. Biomolecules resveratrol + coenzyme Q10 recover the cell state of human mesenchymal stem cells after 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced damage and improve proliferation and neural differentiation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:929590. [PMID: 36117620 PMCID: PMC9471188 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.929590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a critical affection with a high incidence around the world. Currently, there are no effective treatments to solve this problem. However, the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and antioxidants in neurodegenerative diseases has shown to be a promising tool due to their multiple therapeutic effects. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of a combination of resveratrol (RSV) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the proliferation and differentiation of MSC and the protector effects in induced damage. To characterize the MSCs, we performed flow cytometry, protocols of cellular differentiation, and immunocytochemistry analysis. The impact of RSV + CoQ10 in proliferation was evaluated by supplementing 2.5 and 10 μM of RSV + CoQ10 in a cellular kinetic for 14 days. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase levels (LDH) were also analyzed. The protective effect of RSV + CoQ10 was assessed by supplementing the treatment to damaged MSCs by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+); cellular viability, LDH, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated.. MSCs expressed the surface markers CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 and showed multipotential ability. The combination of RSV + CoQ10 increased the proliferation potential and cell viability and decreased LDH levels. In addition, it reverted the effect of MPP+-induced damage in MSCs to enhance cell viability and decrease LDH and ROS. Finally, RSV + CoQ10 promoted the differentiation of neural progenitors. The combination of RSV + CoQ10 represents a potential treatment to improve MSCs capacities and protect against neurodegenerative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar R. Hernández-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Karen J. Juárez-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Nestor F. Diaz
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Miguel J. Beltran-Garcia
- Departamento de Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Néstor E. Díaz-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Néstor E. Díaz-Martínez,
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Cellular senescence in neuroinflammatory disease: new therapies for old cells? Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:850-863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Varesi A, Chirumbolo S, Campagnoli LIM, Pierella E, Piccini GB, Carrara A, Ricevuti G, Scassellati C, Bonvicini C, Pascale A. The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1224. [PMID: 35883714 PMCID: PMC9311946 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest occurring in response to stressful stimuli, such as telomere attrition, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and oncogenic proteins. Although beneficial and protective in several physiological processes, an excessive senescent cell burden has been involved in various pathological conditions including aging, tissue dysfunction and chronic diseases. Oxidative stress (OS) can drive senescence due to a loss of balance between pro-oxidant stimuli and antioxidant defences. Therefore, the identification and characterization of antioxidant compounds capable of preventing or counteracting the senescent phenotype is of major interest. However, despite the considerable number of studies, a comprehensive overview of the main antioxidant molecules capable of counteracting OS-induced senescence is still lacking. Here, besides a brief description of the molecular mechanisms implicated in OS-mediated aging, we review and discuss the role of enzymes, mitochondria-targeting compounds, vitamins, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen non-protein molecules, minerals, flavonoids, and non-flavonoids as antioxidant compounds with an anti-aging potential, therefore offering insights into innovative lifespan-extending approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Almo Collegio Borromeo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | | | - Elisa Pierella
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK;
| | | | - Adelaide Carrara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Catia Scassellati
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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Targeting tumor cell senescence and polyploidy as potential therapeutic strategies. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 81:37-47. [PMID: 33358748 PMCID: PMC8214633 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a unique state of growth arrest that develops in response to a plethora of cellular stresses, including replicative exhaustion, oxidative injury, and genotoxic insults. Senescence has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple aging-related pathologies, including cancer. In cancer, senescence plays a dual role, initially acting as a barrier against tumor progression by enforcing a durable growth arrest in premalignant cells, but potentially promoting malignant transformation in neighboring cells through the secretion of pro-tumorigenic drivers. Moreover, senescence is induced in tumor cells upon exposure to a wide variety of conventional and targeted anticancer drugs (termed Therapy-Induced Senescence-TIS), representing a critical contributing factor to therapeutic outcomes. As with replicative or oxidative senescence, TIS manifests as a complex phenotype of macromolecular damage, energetic dysregulation, and altered gene expression. Senescent cells are also frequently polyploid. In vitro studies have suggested that polyploidy may confer upon senescent tumor cells the ability to escape from growth arrest, thereby providing an additional avenue whereby tumor cells escape the lethality of anticancer treatment. Polyploidy in tumor cells is also associated with persistent energy production, chromatin remodeling, self-renewal, stemness and drug resistance - features that are also associated with escape from senescence and conversion to a more malignant phenotype. However, senescent cells are highly heterogenous and can present with variable phenotypes, where polyploidy is one component of a complex reversion process. Lastly, emerging efforts to pharmacologically target polyploid tumor cells might pave the way towards the identification of novel targets for the elimination of senescent tumor cells by the incorporation of senolytic agents into cancer therapeutic strategies.
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A Micro-Immunotherapy Sequential Medicine MIM-seq Displays Immunomodulatory Effects on Human Macrophages and Anti-Tumor Properties towards In Vitro 2D and 3D Models of Colon Carcinoma and in an In Vivo Subcutaneous Xenograft Colon Carcinoma Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116059. [PMID: 35682738 PMCID: PMC9181410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of a sequential micro-immunotherapy medicine, referred as MIM-seq, were appraised in human primary M1 and M2 macrophages, in which the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, was inhibited. In addition, the potential anti-proliferative effects of MIM-seq on tumor cells was assessed in three models of colorectal cancer (CRC): an in vitro two-dimensions (2D) model of HCT-116 cells, an in vitro tri-dimensional (3D) model of spheroids, and an in vivo model of subcutaneous xenografted mice. In these models, MIM-seq displayed anti-proliferative effects when compared with the vehicle. In vivo, the tumor growth was slightly reduced in MIM-seq-treated animals. Moreover, MIM-seq could slightly reduce the growth of our spheroid models, especially under serum-deprivation. When MIM-seq was combined with two well-known anti-cancerogenic agents, either resveratrol or etoposide, MIM-seq could even further reduce the spheroid’s volume, pointing up the need to further assess whether MIM-seq could be beneficial for CRC patients as an adjuvant therapy. Altogether, these data suggest that MIM-seq could have anti-tumor properties against CRC and an immunomodulatory effect towards the mediators of inflammation, whose systemic dysregulation is considered to be a poor prognosis for patients.
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Nir D, Ribarski-Chorev I, Shimoni C, Strauss C, Frank J, Schlesinger S. Antioxidants Attenuate Heat Shock Induced Premature Senescence of Bovine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105750. [PMID: 35628565 PMCID: PMC9147428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have many roles that are important for the body's proper functioning. When the MSC pool is damaged, it is often correlated with impaired development or health of the organism. MSC are known for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and trophic characteristics that play an important role in the physiological homeostasis of many tissues. Heat shock impairs MSC capacity by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction, which, in turn, send the cells into a state of premature senescence. Here, we pre-exposed MSC to melatonin, resveratrol, or curcumin, which are natural antioxidative compounds, and tested the protective effects of these substances from oxidative stress and aging. Our data showed that pre-exposure of MSC to antioxidants decreased reactive oxygen species while mitochondrial damage remained high. Additionally, although the proliferation of the cells was slow, antioxidants protected the cells from premature senescence, and subsequent cytokine release was prevented. We conclude that while elevated temperatures directly cause mitochondrial damage, senescence is induced by elevated ROS levels. We suggest that heat shock alters cell and tissue homeostasis by several independent mechanisms; however, reducing tissue senescence will reduce damage and provide a pathway to overcome physiological challenges in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Nir
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.N.); (I.R.-C.); (C.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Ivana Ribarski-Chorev
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.N.); (I.R.-C.); (C.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Chen Shimoni
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.N.); (I.R.-C.); (C.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmit Strauss
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.N.); (I.R.-C.); (C.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Sharon Schlesinger
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.N.); (I.R.-C.); (C.S.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Piano I, Corsi F, Polini B, Gargini C. Nutraceutical Molecules Slow Down Retinal Degeneration, in Tvrm4 Mice a Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa, by Genetic Modulation of Anti-oxidant Pathway. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:868750. [PMID: 35516813 PMCID: PMC9063314 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.868750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodopsin (RHO) mutations are responsible for 25–40% of the dominant cases of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with different severity and progression rates. The Tvrm4 mice, heterozygous for an I307N dominant mutation of RHO, display a normal retinal phenotype when raised in ambient light conditions, but undergo photoreceptor degeneration when briefly exposed to strong white light. Here, The Tvrm4 mice is pre-treated with naringenin 100 mg/kg/die, quercetin 100 mg/kg/die, naringenin 50 + quercercetin 100 mg/kg/die or vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO 0.025%) in the drinking water for 35 days. On the 30th day, retinal degeneration was induced by exposure for 1 min to the white light of 12,000 lux intensity, and the treatment was repeated for another 5 days. At the end of the protocol retinal functionality was tested by recording an electroretinogram (ERG). The retinal tissue was collected and was used for further analyses, including immunohistochemically, biochemical, and molecular biology assays. The data obtained show that treatment with nutraceutical molecules is effective in counteracting retinal degeneration by preserving the functionality of photoreceptors and increasing the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways of retinal cells. The present data confirm that nutraceutical molecules are effective in slowing photoreceptor degeneration in a mutation-independent way by modulating the antioxidant response of the retina at the gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Piano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ilaria Piano,
| | | | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Gargini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Nutraceutical Research and Nutrition or Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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36
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Li M, Jiang Y, Hou Q, Zhao Y, Zhong L, Fu X. Potential pre-activation strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells: current status and future prospects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:146. [PMID: 35379361 PMCID: PMC8981790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has been considered as a promising approach targeting a variety of intractable diseases due to remarkable multiple effect of MSCs, such as multilineage differentiation, immunomodulatory property, and pro-regenerative capacity. However, poor engraftment, low survival rate of transplanted MSC, and impaired donor-MSC potency under host age/disease result in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Enhancement strategies, including genetic manipulation, pre-activation, and modification of culture method, have been investigated to generate highly functional MSC, and approaches for MSC pre-activation are highlighted. In this review, we summarized the current approaches of MSC pre-activation and further classified, analysed the scientific principles and main characteristics of these manipulations, and described the pros and cons of individual pre-activation strategies. We also discuss the specialized tactics to solve the challenges in this promising field so that it improves MSC therapeutic functions to serve patients better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Wound Repairing Department, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Hou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
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Yousefbeyk F, Hemmati G, Gholipour Z, Ghasemi S, Evazalipour M, Schubert C, Koohi DE, Böhm V. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of golden chamomile ( Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Schultz Bip). Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:331-342. [PMID: 35231163 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Schultz Bip. (Asteraceae), known as golden chamomile, has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents of total extract and different fractions of this plant were determined. The antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities were also evaluated. Moreover, the phenolic profiles of selected fractions were determined by HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis. Results demonstrated total phenolic contents of 37.8-57.2 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid contents of 3.0-111.2 mg QE/g. The ethyl acetate and methanol fractions (EF and MF) had the highest concentrations of phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid compounds. In both DPPH radical scavenging assay and phosphomolybdenum reduction assay, EF showed the best antioxidant activity, followed by MF. EF and MF indicated also the best antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis (MIC 1.56 and 12.5 mg ml-1) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 0.78 and 12.5 mg ml-1). Hexane fraction (HF) had no antibacterial effect. None of the samples had antifungal effect. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay revealed for EF and HF the highest antiproliferative activities (IC50 values ranged from 111.8 to 294.6 μg ml-1). The presence of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside in MF, and p-coumaric acid in EF was confirmed and quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yousefbeyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Hemmati
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ziba Gholipour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghasemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Evazalipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Clara Schubert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Diba E Koohi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Guo X, Wang J, Zou W, Wei W, Guan X, Liu J. Exploring microenvironment strategies to delay mesenchymal stem cell senescence. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 31:38-52. [PMID: 34913751 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently emerged as an important candidate for cell therapy and tissue regeneration. However, some limitations in translational research and therapies still exist, such as insufficient cell supply, inadequate differentiation potential, and decreased immune capacity, all of which result from replicative senescence during long-term in vitro culture. In vitro, stem cells lack a protective microenvironment owing to the absence of physical and biochemical cues compared with the in vivo niche, which provides dynamic physicochemical and biological cues. This difference results in accelerated aging after long-term in vitro culture. Therefore, it remains a great challenge to delay replicative senescence in culture. Constructing a microenvironment to delay replicative senescence of MSCs by maintaining their phenotypes, properties, and functions is a feasible strategy to solve this problem and has made measurable progress both in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Here, we review the current knowledge on the characteristics of senescent MSCs, explore the molecular mechanisms of MSCs senescence, describe the niche of MSCs, and discuss some current microenvironment strategies to delay MSCs replicative senescence that can broaden their range of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunhui Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 74710, Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, Dalian, China;
| | - Jiayi Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 74710, Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, Dalian, Dalian, China;
| | - Wei Zou
- Liaoning Normal University, 66523, College of Life Sciences, Dalian, China;
| | - Wenjuan Wei
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 74710, Dalian, China, 116011;
| | - Xin Guan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 74710, Dalian, China, 116011;
| | - Jing Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 74710, Dalian, China, 116011;
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Induction of Premature Cell Senescence Stimulated by High Doses of Antioxidants Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111851. [PMID: 34769282 PMCID: PMC8584632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that high doses of several substances with antioxidant capacities (Tempol, resveratrol, diphenyleneiodonium) can cause genotoxic stress and induce premature senescence in the human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, using whole-transcriptome analysis, we revealed the signs of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in MSCs stressed with Tempol and resveratrol. In addition, we found the upregulation of genes, coding the UPR downstream target APC/C, and E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulate the stability of cell cycle proteins. We performed the molecular analysis, which further confirmed the untimely degradation of APC/C targets (cyclin A, geminin, and Emi1) in MSCs treated with antioxidants. Human fibroblasts responded to antioxidant applications similarly. We conclude that endoplasmic reticulum stress and impaired DNA synthesis regulation can be considered as potential triggers of cell damage and premature senescence stimulated by high-dose antioxidant treatments.
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40
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Saul D, Monroe DG, Rowsey JL, Kosinsky RL, Vos SJ, Doolittle ML, Farr JN, Khosla S. Modulation of fracture healing by the transient accumulation of senescent cells. eLife 2021; 10:69958. [PMID: 34617510 PMCID: PMC8526061 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells have detrimental effects across tissues with aging but may have beneficial effects on tissue repair, specifically on skin wound healing. However, the potential role of senescent cells in fracture healing has not been defined. Here, we performed an in silico analysis of public mRNAseq data and found that senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers increased during fracture healing. We next directly established that the expression of senescence biomarkers increased markedly during murine fracture healing. We also identified cells in the fracture callus that displayed hallmarks of senescence, including distension of satellite heterochromatin and telomeric DNA damage; the specific identity of these cells, however, requires further characterization. Then, using a genetic mouse model (Cdkn2aLUC) containing a Cdkn2aInk4a-driven luciferase reporter, we demonstrated transient in vivo senescent cell accumulation during callus formation. Finally, we intermittently treated young adult mice following fracture with drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells (‘senolytics’, Dasatinib plus Quercetin), and showed that this regimen both decreased senescence and SASP markers in the fracture callus and significantly accelerated the time course of fracture healing. Our findings thus demonstrate that senescent cells accumulate transiently in the murine fracture callus and, in contrast to the skin, their clearance does not impair but rather improves fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Saul
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - David G Monroe
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Division of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Jennifer L Rowsey
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Robyn Laura Kosinsky
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Stephanie J Vos
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Madison L Doolittle
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Joshua N Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Division of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Division of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
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41
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Ivanova JS, Pugovkina NA, Neganova IE, Kozhukharova IV, Nikolsky NN, Lyublinskaya OG. Cell cycle-coupled changes in the level of reactive oxygen species support the proliferation of human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1671-1687. [PMID: 34460135 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study of proliferation regulation in human pluripotent stem cells is crucial to gain insights into understanding the physiology of these cells. However, redox regulation of the pluripotent cell cycle remains largely unexplored. Here, using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as well as human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we demonstrate that the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pluripotent cells oscillates in accordance with the cell cycle progression with the peak occurring at transition from S to G2 /M phase of the cycle. A decrease of this level by antioxidants leads to hindered S-phase initiation and progression but does not affect the early-G1 -phase or mitosis. Cells exposed to antioxidants in the early-G1 -phase accumulate the phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein and overcome the restriction point but are unable to accumulate the main regulators of the S phase-CYCLIN A and GEMININ. Based on the previous findings that CYCLIN A stability is affected by redox homeostasis disturbances in somatic cells, we compared the responses to antioxidant treatments in hESCs and in their differentiated fibroblast-like progeny cells (difESCs). In difESCs, similar to hESCs, a decrease in ROS level results in the disruption of S-phase initiation accompanied by a deficiency of the CYCLIN A level. Moreover, in antioxidant-treated cells, we revealed the accumulation of DNA breaks, which was accompanied by activation of the apoptosis program in pluripotent cells. Thus, we conclude that maintaining the physiological ROS level is essential for promotion of proliferation and accurate DNA synthesis in pluripotent cells and their differentiated descendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Ivanova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia A Pugovkina
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina E Neganova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina V Kozhukharova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Nikolsky
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga G Lyublinskaya
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Otero-Albiol D, Carnero A. Cellular senescence or stemness: hypoxia flips the coin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:243. [PMID: 34325734 PMCID: PMC8323321 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a complex physiological state whose main feature is proliferative arrest. Cellular senescence can be considered the reverse of cell immortalization and continuous tumor growth. However, cellular senescence has many physiological functions beyond being a putative tumor suppressive trait. It remains unknown whether low levels of oxygen or hypoxia, which is a feature of every tissue in the organism, modulate cellular senescence, altering its capacity to suppress the limitation of proliferation. It has been observed that the lifespan of mammalian primary cells is increased under low oxygen conditions. Additionally, hypoxia promotes self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance in adult and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we discuss the role of hypoxia facilitating senescence bypass during malignant transformation and acquisition of stemness properties, which all contribute to tumor development and cancer disease aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Otero-Albiol
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain.,CIBER de CANCER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain. .,CIBER de CANCER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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43
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Jhanji M, Rao CN, Sajish M. Towards resolving the enigma of the dichotomy of resveratrol: cis- and trans-resveratrol have opposite effects on TyrRS-regulated PARP1 activation. GeroScience 2021; 43:1171-1200. [PMID: 33244652 PMCID: PMC7690980 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike widely perceived, resveratrol (RSV) decreased the average lifespan and extended only the replicative lifespan in yeast. Similarly, although not widely discussed, RSV is also known to evoke neurite degeneration, kidney toxicity, atherosclerosis, premature senescence, and genotoxicity through yet unknown mechanisms. Nevertheless, in vivo animal models of diseases and human clinical trials demonstrate inconsistent protective and beneficial effects. Therefore, the mechanism of action of RSV that elicits beneficial effects remains an enigma. In a previously published work, we demonstrated structural similarities between RSV and tyrosine amino acid. RSV acts as a tyrosine antagonist and competes with it to bind to human tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS). Interestingly, although both isomers of RSV bind to TyrRS, only the cis-isomer evokes a unique structural change at the active site to promote its interaction with poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), a major determinant of cellular NAD+-dependent stress response. However, retention of trans-RSV in the active site of TyrRS mimics its tyrosine-bound conformation that inhibits the auto-poly-ADP-ribos(PAR)ylation of PARP1. Therefore, we proposed that cis-RSV-induced TyrRS-regulated auto-PARylation of PARP1 would contribute, at least in part, to the reported health benefits of RSV through the induction of protective stress response. This observation suggested that trans-RSV would inhibit TyrRS/PARP1-mediated protective stress response and would instead elicit an opposite effect compared to cis-RSV. Interestingly, most recent studies also confirmed the conversion of trans-RSV and its metabolites to cis-RSV in the physiological context. Therefore, the finding that cis-RSV and trans-RSV induce two distinct conformations of TyrRS with opposite effects on the auto-PARylation of PARP1 provides a potential molecular basis for the observed dichotomic effects of RSV under different experimental paradigms. However, the fact that natural RSV exists as a diastereomeric mixture of its cis and trans isomers and cis-RSV is also a physiologically relevant isoform has not yet gained much scientific attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Jhanji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Mathew Sajish
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Meng J, Lv Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Qiao X, Sun C, Chen Y, Guo M, Han W, Ye A, Xie T, Chu B, Shi C, Yang S, Chen C. Precision Redox: The Key for Antioxidant Pharmacology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1069-1082. [PMID: 33270507 PMCID: PMC8080931 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The redox balance of cells provides a stable microenvironment for biological macromolecules to perform their physiological functions. As redox imbalance is closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases, antioxidant therapies are an attractive option. However, redox-based therapeutic strategies have not yet shown satisfactory results. To find the key reason is of great significance. Recent Advances: We emphasize the precise nature of redox regulation and elucidate the importance and necessity of precision redox strategies from three aspects: differences in redox status, differences in redox function, and differences in the effects of redox therapy. We then propose the "5R" principle of precision redox in antioxidant pharmacology: "Right species, Right place, Right time, Right level, and Right target." Critical Issues: Redox status must be considered in the context of species, time, place, level, and target. The function of a biomacromolecule and its cellular signaling role are closely dependent on redox status. Accurate evaluation of redox status and specific interventions are critical for the success of redox treatments. Precision redox is the key for antioxidant pharmacology. The precise application of antioxidants as nutritional supplements is also key to the general health of the population. Future Directions: Future studies to develop more accurate methods for detecting redox status and accurately evaluating the redox state of different physiological and pathological processes are needed. Antioxidant pharmacology should consider the "5R" principle rather than continuing to apply global nonspecific antioxidant treatments. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1069-1082.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Meng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Lv
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmin Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhe Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Han
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aojun Ye
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xie
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boyu Chu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Shi
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shangpo Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Wang P, Sun Y, Shi X, Shen H, Ning H, Liu H. Bioscaffolds embedded with regulatory modules for cell growth and tissue formation: A review. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1283-1307. [PMID: 33251379 PMCID: PMC7662879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for artificial organs has greatly increased because of various aging-associated diseases and the wide need for organ transplants. A recent trend in tissue engineering is the precise reconstruction of tissues by the growth of cells adhering to bioscaffolds, which are three-dimensional (3D) structures that guide tissue and organ formation. Bioscaffolds used to fabricate bionic tissues should be able to not only guide cell growth but also regulate cell behaviors. Common regulation methods include biophysical and biochemical stimulations. Biophysical stimulation cues include matrix hardness, external stress and strain, surface topology, and electromagnetic field and concentration, whereas biochemical stimulation cues include growth factors, proteins, kinases, and magnetic nanoparticles. This review discusses bioink preparation, 3D bioprinting (including extrusion-based, inkjet, and ultraviolet-assisted 3D bioprinting), and regulation of cell behaviors. In particular, it provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods and devices for regulating cell growth and tissue formation and the effects of biophysical and biochemical stimulations on cell behaviors. In addition, the fabrication of bioscaffolds embedded with regulatory modules for biomimetic tissue preparation is explained. Finally, challenges in cell growth regulation and future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Wang
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yazhou Sun
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaoquan Shi
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Huixing Shen
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Haohao Ning
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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Targeting reactive oxygen species in stem cells for bone therapy. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1226-1244. [PMID: 33684524 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as key players in regulating the fate and function of stem cells from both non-hematopoietic and hematopoietic lineages in bone marrow, and thus affect the osteoblastogenesis-osteoclastogenesis balance and bone homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has linked ROS and associated oxidative stress with the progression of bone disorders, and ROS-based therapeutic strategies have appeared to achieve favorable outcomes in bone. We review current knowledge of the multifactorial roles and mechanisms of ROS as a target in bone pathology. In addition, we discuss emerging ROS-based therapeutic strategies that show potential for bone therapy. Finally, we highlight the opportunities and challenges facing ROS-targeted stem cell therapeutics for improving bone health.
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Dziurka M, Kubica P, Kwiecień I, Biesaga-Kościelniak J, Ekiert H, Abdelmohsen SAM, Al-Harbi FF, El-Ansary DO, Elansary HO, Szopa A. In Vitro Cultures of Some Medicinal Plant Species ( Cistus × incanus, Verbena officinalis, Scutellaria lateriflora, and Scutellaria baicalensis) as a Rich Potential Source of Antioxidants-Evaluation by CUPRAC and QUENCHER-CUPRAC Assays. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10030454. [PMID: 33673698 PMCID: PMC7997460 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Comparative estimations of the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from biomasses of different types of in vitro cultures of Cistus × incanus, Verbena officinalis, Scutellaria lateriflora, and S. baicalensis and also from plant raw materials were performed. The antioxidant measurements were based on the modern assays-cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and quick, easy, new, cheap, and reproducible CUPRAC (QUENCHER-CUPRAC). The total extractable antioxidants (CUPRAC assay) ranged from 10.4 to 49.7 mmol (100 g)-1 of dry weight (DW) expressed as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and the global antioxidant response (QUENCHER-CUPRAC assay) ranged from 16.0 to 79.1 mmol (100 g)-1 DW for in vitro cultures, whereas for plant raw materials the total extractable antioxidants ranged from 20.9 to 69.5 mmol (100 g)-1 DW, and the global antioxidant response ranged from 67.2 to 97.8 mmol (100 g)-1 DW. Finally, the in vitro cultures could be regarded as an antioxidant-rich alternative resource for the pharmaceutical, health food and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (J.B.-K.)
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (I.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Inga Kwiecień
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (I.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Jolanta Biesaga-Kościelniak
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (J.B.-K.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (I.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.M.A.); (F.F.A.-H.)
| | - Fatemah F. Al-Harbi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.M.A.); (F.F.A.-H.)
| | - Diaa O. El-Ansary
- Precision Agriculture Laboratory, Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (I.K.); (H.E.)
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Antioxidative Stress: Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species Production as a Cause of Radioresistance and Chemoresistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6620306. [PMID: 33628367 PMCID: PMC7884184 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6620306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most effective nonsurgical treatments for cancer treatment. They usually induce regulated cell death by increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumour cells. However, as intracellular ROS concentration increases, many antioxidant pathways are concurrently upregulated by cancer cells to inhibit ROS production, ultimately leading to drug resistance. Understanding the mechanism of antioxidant stress in tumour cells provides a new research direction for overcoming therapeutic resistance. In this review, we address (1) how radiotherapy and chemotherapy kill tumour cells by increasing the level of ROS, (2) the mechanism by which ROS activate antioxidant pathways and the subsequent cellular mitigation of ROS in radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments, and (3) the potential research direction for targeted treatment to overcome therapeutic resistance.
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Sávio-Silva C, Soinski-Sousa PE, Simplício-Filho A, Bastos RMC, Beyerstedt S, Rangel ÉB. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Pre-Clinical Model of Diabetic Kidney Disease and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1546. [PMID: 33557007 PMCID: PMC7913657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a worldwide microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). From several pathological mechanisms involved in T2DM-DKD, we focused on mitochondria damage induced by hyperglycemia-driven reactive species oxygen (ROS) accumulation and verified whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy modulation, and pro-mitochondria homeostasis therapeutic potential curtailed T2DM-DKD progression. For that purpose, we grew immortalized glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in hyper glucose media containing hydrogen peroxide. MSCs prevented these cells from apoptosis-induced cell death, ROS accumulation, and mitochondria membrane potential impairment. Additionally, MSCs recovered GMCs' biogenesis and mitophagy-related gene expression that were downregulated by stress media. In BTBRob/ob mice, a robust model of T2DM-DKD and obesity, MSC therapy (1 × 106 cells, two doses 4-weeks apart, intra-peritoneal route) led to functional and structural kidney improvement in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, MSC-treated animals exhibited lower levels of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, less mesangial expansion, higher number of podocytes, up-regulation of mitochondria-related survival genes, a decrease in autophagy hyper-activation, and a potential decrease in cleaved-caspase 3 expression. Collectively, these novel findings have important implications for the advancement of cell therapy and provide insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms of MSC-based therapy in T2DM-DKD setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sávio-Silva
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (C.S.-S.); (P.E.S.-S.); (A.S.-F.); (R.M.C.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Poliana E. Soinski-Sousa
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (C.S.-S.); (P.E.S.-S.); (A.S.-F.); (R.M.C.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Antônio Simplício-Filho
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (C.S.-S.); (P.E.S.-S.); (A.S.-F.); (R.M.C.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Rosana M. C. Bastos
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (C.S.-S.); (P.E.S.-S.); (A.S.-F.); (R.M.C.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Stephany Beyerstedt
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (C.S.-S.); (P.E.S.-S.); (A.S.-F.); (R.M.C.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Érika Bevilaqua Rangel
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (C.S.-S.); (P.E.S.-S.); (A.S.-F.); (R.M.C.B.); (S.B.)
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
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Zarei M, Uppin V, Acharya P, Talahalli R. Ginger and turmeric lipid-solubles attenuate heated oil-induced oxidative stress in the brain via the upregulation of NRF2 and improve cognitive function in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:225-238. [PMID: 33170419 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we elucidated the modulatory potentials of lipid-solubles from ginger and turmeric that may migrate to oils during heating on the brain antioxidant defense and cognitive response in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with control diet [including native canola oil (N-CNO), and native sunflower oil (N-SFO)], or experimental diets [including heated canola oil (H-CNO), heated sunflower oil (H-SFO), heated canola oil with ginger (H-CNO + GI), heated canola oil with turmeric (H-CNO + TU), heated sunflower oil with ginger (H-SFO + GI), heated sunflower oil with turmeric (H-SFO + TU)] for 90 days. Memory parameters [Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition test, T-maze (spontaneous alteration)], locomotor skills (open field test and rotarod test), antioxidant defense enzymes, reactive oxygen species, NOS2, ICAM-1, and NRF-2 level in the brain were assessed. Compared to their respective controls, heated oil-fed rats, but not those fed oils heated with ginger or turmeric, showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the memory, motor coordination skills, antioxidant defense enzymes, and NRF-2 activation in the brain. Compared to their respective controls, the brain NOS-2 and ICAM-1 were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in heated oil-fed rats, but not those fed oils heated with ginger or turmeric. Chronic intake of repeatedly heated oil causes brain dysfunction by inducing oxidative stress through NRF-2 downregulation. Lipid-solubles from ginger and turmeric that may migrate to oil during heating prevent the oxidative stress and cognitive dysfunction triggered by heated oils in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Zarei
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Vinayak Uppin
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Pooja Acharya
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Ramaprasad Talahalli
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.
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