1
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Labat-de-Hoz L, Fernández-Martín L, Correas I, Alonso MA. INF2 formin variants linked to human inherited kidney disease reprogram the transcriptome, causing mitotic chaos and cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:279. [PMID: 38916773 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the human INF2 gene cause autosomal dominant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)-a condition characterized by podocyte loss, scarring, and subsequent kidney degeneration. To understand INF2-linked pathogenicity, we examined the effect of pathogenic INF2 on renal epithelial cell lines and human primary podocytes. Our study revealed an increased incidence of mitotic cells with surplus microtubule-organizing centers fostering multipolar spindle assembly, leading to nuclear abnormalities, particularly multi-micronucleation. The levels of expression of exogenous pathogenic INF2 were similar to those of endogenous INF2. The aberrant nuclear phenotypes were observed regardless of the expression method used (retrovirus infection or plasmid transfection) or the promoter (LTR or CMV) used, and were absent with exogenous wild type INF2 expression. This indicates that the effect of pathogenic INF2 is not due to overexpression or experimental cell manipulation, but instead to the intrinsic properties of pathogenic INF2. Inactivation of the INF2 catalytic domain prevented aberrant nuclei formation. Pathogenic INF2 triggered the translocation of the transcriptional cofactor MRTF into the nucleus. RNA sequencing revealed a profound alteration in the transcriptome that could be primarily attributed to the sustained activation of the MRTF-SRF transcriptional complex. Cells eventually underwent mitotic catastrophe and death. Reducing MRTF-SRF activation mitigated multi-micronucleation, reducing the extent of cell death. Our results, if validated in animal models, could provide insights into the mechanism driving glomerular degeneration in INF2-linked FSGS and may suggest potential therapeutic strategies for impeding FSGS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Labat-de-Hoz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Zhang R, Dang Y. The Recent Advances in the Function and Mechanism of Caveolin-1 in Retinal Neovascularization. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:465-472. [PMID: 38591209 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501310201240403065930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization diseases have relatively high rates of evitable blindness. Abnormal retinal neovascularization is their main hallmark, which can damage the structure and function of the eye and lead to impaired vision. Caveolin-1 is a membrane protein that is expressed in many types of retinal cells and is involved in retinal neovascularization. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of global research on specific functions of caveolin-1 in retinal neovascularization. We believe that the mechanism of action of caveolin-1 might be related to the regulation of relevant signal pathways and looked ahead the application prospects of modulating caveolin- 1 in retinal neovascularization diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sanmenxia Eye Hospital/Sanmenxia Central Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, 472000, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Outflow Engineering, Sanmenxia Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, 47200, China
| | - Yalong Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sanmenxia Eye Hospital/Sanmenxia Central Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, 472000, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Outflow Engineering, Sanmenxia Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, 47200, China
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3
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Syu JJ, Chang CH, Chang PY, Liu CH, Yu CJ, Jou TS. Lipid raft interacting galectin 8 regulates primary ciliogenesis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23300. [PMID: 37997673 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301943r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilium is a specialized sensory organelle that transmits environmental information into cells. Its length is tightly controlled by various mechanisms such as the frequency or the cargo size of the intraflagellar transport trains which deliver the building materials such as tubulin subunits essential for the growing cilia. Here, we show the sialoglycan interacting galectin 8 regulates the process of primary ciliogenesis. As the epithelia become polarized, there are more galectin 8 being apically secreted and these extracellular galectin 8 molecules apparently bind to a lipid raft enriched domain at the base of the primary cilia through interacting with lipid raft components, such as GD3 ganglioside and scaffold protein caveolin 1. Furthermore, the binding of galectin 8 at this critical region triggers rapid growth of primary cilia by perturbing the barrier function of the transition zone (TZ). Our study also demonstrates the functionality of this barrier depends on intact organization of lipid rafts at the cilia as genetically knockout of Cav1 and pharmacologically inhibition of lipid raft both phenocopy the effect of apical addition of recombinant galectin 8; that is, rapid elongation of primary cilia and redistribution of cilia proteins from TZ to the growing axoneme. Indeed, as cilia elongated, endogenous galectin 8, caveolin 1, and TZ component, TMEM231, also transited from the TZ to the growing axoneme. We also noted that the interaction between caveolin 1 and TMEM231 could be perturbed by exogenous galectin 8. Taken together, we proposed that galectin 8 promoted primary cilia elongation through impeding the barrier function of the TZ by interfering with the interaction between caveolin 1 and TMEM231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhan-Jhang Syu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsiang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzuu-Shuh Jou
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Sotodosos-Alonso L, Pulgarín-Alfaro M, Del Pozo MA. Caveolae Mechanotransduction at the Interface between Cytoskeleton and Extracellular Matrix. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060942. [PMID: 36980283 PMCID: PMC10047380 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is subjected to multiple mechanical forces, and it must adapt and respond to them. PM invaginations named caveolae, with a specific protein and lipid composition, play a crucial role in this mechanosensing and mechanotransduction process. They respond to PM tension changes by flattening, contributing to the buffering of high-range increases in mechanical tension, while novel structures termed dolines, sharing Caveolin1 as the main component, gradually respond to low and medium forces. Caveolae are associated with different types of cytoskeletal filaments, which regulate membrane tension and also initiate multiple mechanotransduction pathways. Caveolar components sense the mechanical properties of the substrate and orchestrate responses that modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) according to these stimuli. They perform this function through both physical remodeling of ECM, where the actin cytoskeleton is a central player, and via the chemical alteration of the ECM composition by exosome deposition. Here, we review mechanotransduction regulation mediated by caveolae and caveolar components, focusing on how mechanical cues are transmitted through the cellular cytoskeleton and how caveolae respond and remodel the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sotodosos-Alonso
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Novel Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pulgarín-Alfaro
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Novel Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Novel Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Iwano T, Sobajima T, Takeda S, Harada A, Yoshimura SI. The Rab GTPase-binding protein EHBP1L1 and its interactors CD2AP/CIN85 negatively regulate the length of primary cilia via actin remodeling. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102985. [PMID: 36754282 PMCID: PMC9986712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are organelles consisting of axonemal microtubules and plasma membranes, and they protrude from the cell surface to the extracellular region and function in signal sensing and transduction. The integrity of cilia, including the length and structure, is associated with signaling functions; however, factors involved in regulating the integrity of cilia have not been fully elucidated. Here, we showed that the Rab GTPase-binding protein EHBP1L1 and its newly identified interactors CD2AP and CIN85, known as adaptor proteins of actin regulators, are involved in ciliary length control. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that EHBP1L1 and CD2AP/CIN85 are localized to the ciliary sheath. EHBP1L1 depletion caused mislocalization of CD2AP/CIN85, suggesting that CD2AP/CIN85 localization to the ciliary sheath is dependent on EHBP1L1. Additionally, we determined that EHBP1L1- and CD2AP/CIN85-depleted cells had elongated cilia. The aberrantly elongated cilia phenotype and the ciliary localization defect of CD2AP/CIN85 in EHBP1L1-depleted cells were rescued by the expression of WT EHBP1L1, although this was not observed in the CD2AP/CIN85-binding-deficient mutant, indicating that the EHBP1L1-CD2AP/CIN85 interaction is crucial for controlling ciliary length. Furthermore, EHBP1L1- and CD2AP/CIN85-depleted cells exhibited actin nucleation and branching defects around the ciliary base. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the EHBP1L1-CD2AP/CIN85 axis negatively regulates ciliary length via actin network remodeling around the basal body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Iwano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sobajima
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sén Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Harada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Yoshimura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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6
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Aslanyan MG, Doornbos C, Diwan GD, Anvarian Z, Beyer T, Junger K, van Beersum SEC, Russell RB, Ueffing M, Ludwig A, Boldt K, Pedersen LB, Roepman R. A targeted multi-proteomics approach generates a blueprint of the ciliary ubiquitinome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1113656. [PMID: 36776558 PMCID: PMC9908615 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment and maintenance of the primary cilium as a signaling-competent organelle requires a high degree of fine tuning, which is at least in part achieved by a variety of post-translational modifications. One such modification is ubiquitination. The small and highly conserved ubiquitin protein possesses a unique versatility in regulating protein function via its ability to build mono and polyubiquitin chains onto target proteins. We aimed to take an unbiased approach to generate a comprehensive blueprint of the ciliary ubiquitinome by deploying a multi-proteomics approach using both ciliary-targeted ubiquitin affinity proteomics, as well as ubiquitin-binding domain-based proximity labelling in two different mammalian cell lines. This resulted in the identification of several key proteins involved in signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling and membrane and protein trafficking. Interestingly, using two different approaches in IMCD3 and RPE1 cells, respectively, we uncovered several novel mechanisms that regulate cilia function. In our IMCD3 proximity labeling cell line model, we found a highly enriched group of ESCRT-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis-related proteins, suggesting an important and novel role for this pathway in the regulation of ciliary homeostasis and function. In contrast, in RPE1 cells we found that several structural components of caveolae (CAV1, CAVIN1, and EHD2) were highly enriched in our cilia affinity proteomics screen. Consistently, the presence of caveolae at the ciliary pocket and ubiquitination of CAV1 specifically, were found likely to play a role in the regulation of ciliary length in these cells. Cilia length measurements demonstrated increased ciliary length in RPE1 cells stably expressing a ubiquitination impaired CAV1 mutant protein. Furthermore, live cell imaging in the same cells revealed decreased CAV1 protein turnover at the cilium as the possible cause for this phenotype. In conclusion, we have generated a comprehensive list of cilia-specific proteins that are subject to regulation via ubiquitination which can serve to further our understanding of cilia biology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam G. Aslanyan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cenna Doornbos
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gaurav D. Diwan
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany,Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zeinab Anvarian
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Beyer
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Junger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sylvia E. C. van Beersum
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert B. Russell
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany,Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Ludwig
- School of Biological Sciences, NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lotte B. Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Ronald Roepman,
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7
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Zhao H, Khan Z, Westlake CJ. Ciliogenesis membrane dynamics and organization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:20-31. [PMID: 35351373 PMCID: PMC9510604 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ciliogenesis is a complex multistep process used to describe assembly of cilia and flagella. These organelles play essential roles in motility and signaling on the surface of cells. Cilia are built at the distal ends of centrioles through the formation of an axoneme that is surrounded by the ciliary membrane. As is the case in the biogenesis of other cellular organelles, regulators of membrane trafficking play essential roles in ciliogenesis, albeit with a unique feature that membranes are organized around microtubule-based structures. Membrane association with the distal end of the centriole is a critical initiating step for ciliogenesis. Studies of this process in different cell types suggests that a singular mechanism may not be utilized to initiate cilium assembly. In this review, we focus on recent insights into cilium biogenesis and the roles membrane trafficking regulators play in described ciliogenesis mechanisms with relevance to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhao
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ziam Khan
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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8
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Labat-de-Hoz L, Comas L, Rubio-Ramos A, Casares-Arias J, Fernández-Martín L, Pantoja-Uceda D, Martín MT, Kremer L, Jiménez MA, Correas I, Alonso MA. Structure and function of the N-terminal extension of the formin INF2. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:571. [PMID: 36306014 PMCID: PMC9616786 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In INF2—a formin linked to inherited renal and neurological disease in humans—the DID is preceded by a short N-terminal extension of unknown structure and function. INF2 activation is achieved by Ca2+-dependent association of calmodulin (CaM). Here, we show that the N-terminal extension of INF2 is organized into two α-helices, the first of which is necessary to maintain the perinuclear F-actin ring and normal cytosolic F-actin content. Biochemical assays indicated that this helix interacts directly with CaM and contains the sole CaM-binding site (CaMBS) detected in INF2. The residues W11, L14 and L18 of INF2, arranged as a 1-4-8 motif, were identified as the most important residues for the binding, W11 being the most critical of the three. This motif is conserved in vertebrate INF2 and in the human population. NMR and biochemical analyses revealed that CaM interacts directly through its C-terminal lobe with the INF2 CaMBS. Unlike control cells, INF2 KO cells lacked the perinuclear F-actin ring, had little cytosolic F-actin content, did not respond to increased Ca2+ concentrations by making more F-actin, and maintained the transcriptional cofactor MRTF predominantly in the cytoplasm. Whereas expression of intact INF2 restored all these defects, INF2 with inactivated CaMBS did not. Our study reveals the structure of the N-terminal extension, its interaction with Ca2+/CaM, and its function in INF2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Labat-de-Hoz
- Centro de Biología Molecular (CBM) Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Comas
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando Rubio-Ramos
- Centro de Biología Molecular (CBM) Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Casares-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular (CBM) Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular (CBM) Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pantoja-Uceda
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Martín
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Angeles Jiménez
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular (CBM) Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular (CBM) Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Abstract
Primary cilia play a key role in the ability of cells to respond to extracellular stimuli, such as signaling molecules and environmental cues. These sensory organelles are crucial to the development of many organ systems, and defects in primary ciliogenesis lead to multisystemic genetic disorders, known as ciliopathies. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of several key aspects of the regulation of ciliogenesis. Primary ciliogenesis is thought to take different pathways depending on cell type, and some recent studies shed new light on the cell-type-specific mechanisms regulating ciliogenesis at the apical surface in polarized epithelial cells, which are particularly relevant for many ciliopathies. Furthermore, recent findings have demonstrated the importance of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in positively and negatively regulating multiple stages of ciliogenesis, including the vesicular trafficking of ciliary components and the positioning and docking of the basal body. Finally, studies on the formation of motile cilia in multiciliated epithelial cells have revealed requirements for actin remodeling in this process too, as well as showing evidence of an additional alternative ciliogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huxley K Hoffman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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10
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Kumar R, Francis V, Kulasekaran G, Khan M, Armstrong GAB, McPherson PS. A cell-based GEF assay reveals new substrates for DENN domains and a role for DENND2B in primary ciliogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk3088. [PMID: 35196081 PMCID: PMC8865772 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory antennae crucial for cell and organism development, and defects in their biogenesis cause ciliopathies. Ciliogenesis involves membrane trafficking mediated by small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) including Rabs, molecular switches activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). The largest family of Rab GEFs is the DENN domain-bearing proteins. Here, we screen all 60 Rabs against two major DENN domain families using a cellular GEF assay, uncovering 19 novel DENN/Rab pairs. The screen reveals Rab10 as a substrate for DENND2B, a protein previously implicated in cancer and severe mental retardation. Through activation of Rab10, DENND2B represses the formation of primary cilia. Through a second pathway, DENND2B functions as a GEF for RhoA to control the length of primary cilia. This work thus identifies an unexpected diversity in DENN domain-mediated activation of Rabs, a previously unidentified non-Rab substrate for a DENN domain, and a new regulatory protein in primary ciliogenesis.
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11
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Shi X, Tang D, Xing Y, Zhao S, Fan C, Zhong J, Cui Y, Shi K, Jiu Y. Actin nucleator formins regulate the tension-buffering function of caveolin-1. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:876-888. [PMID: 34718633 PMCID: PMC8800513 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the mechanosensitive actin cytoskeleton and caveolae contribute to active processes such as cell migration, morphogenesis, and vesicular trafficking. Although distinct actin components are well studied, how they contribute to cytoplasmic caveolae, especially in the context of mechano-stress, has remained elusive. Here, we identify two actin-associated mobility stereotypes of caveolin-1 (CAV-1)-marked intracellular vesicles, which are characterized as ‘dwelling’ and ‘go and dwelling’. In order to exploit the reason for their distinct dynamics, elongated actin-associated formin functions are perturbed. We find drastically decreased density, increased clustering, and compromised motility of cytoplasmic CAV-1 vesicles resulting from lacking actin nucleator formins by both chemical treatment and RNA silencing of formin genes. Furthermore, hypo-osmosis-stimulated diminishing of CAV-1 is dramatically intensified upon blocking formins. The clustering of CAV-1 vesicles when cells are cultured on soft substrate is also aggravated under formin inhibition condition. Together, we reveal that actin-associated formins are essential for maintaining the dynamic organization of cytoplasmic CAV-1 and importantly its sensitivity upon mechanical challenge. We conclude that tension-controlled actin formins act as a safety valve dampening excessive tension on CAV-1 and safeguarding CAV-1 against mechanical damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Shi
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, a. Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 and b. Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Daijiao Tang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yifan Xing
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China.,Unit of Viral Hepatitis, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, a. Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 and b. Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Changyuan Fan
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jin Zhong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China.,Unit of Viral Hepatitis, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yanqin Cui
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, a. Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 and b. Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Kun Shi
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, a. Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 and b. Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, a. Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 and b. Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China.,Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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12
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Vyhlidal MJ, Adesida AB. Mechanotransduction in meniscus fibrochondrocytes: What about caveolae? J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1171-1181. [PMID: 34676536 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Meniscus fibrochondrocytes (MFCs) are an important cell population responsible for regulating the biomechanical properties of the knee meniscus. Despite their significance, not much is known about them, including how they sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. Due to the mechanical nature of the knee joint, it is therefore paramount to our understanding of the meniscus that its mechanotransductive mechanism be elucidated. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on mechanotransduction in MFCs and highlight the relevance of caveolae in lieu of a recent discovery. Additionally, we will discuss the importance of future studies in this area to help advance the field of meniscus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Vyhlidal
- Divisions of Orthopedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- Divisions of Orthopedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Kasprzycka W, Trębińska-Stryjewska A, Lewandowski RB, Stępińska M, Osuchowska PN, Dobrzyńska M, Achour Y, Osuchowski ŁP, Starzyński J, Mierczyk Z, Trafny EA. Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Only Transiently Affects the Cellular and Molecular Processes of Leydig Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011236. [PMID: 34681896 PMCID: PMC8541366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify whether the nanosecond pulsed electric field, not eliciting thermal effects, permanently changes the molecular processes and gene expression of Leydig TM3 cells. The cells were exposed to a moderate electric field (80 quasi-rectangular shape pulses, 60 ns pulse width, and an electric field of 14 kV/cm). The putative disturbances were recorded over 24 h. After exposure to the nanosecond pulsed electric field, a 19% increase in cell diameter, a loss of microvilli, and a 70% reduction in cell adhesion were observed. Some cells showed the nonapoptotic externalization of phosphatidylserine through the pores in the plasma membrane. The cell proportion in the subG1 phase increased by 8% at the expense of the S and G2/M phases, and the DNA was fragmented in a small proportion of the cells. The membrane mitochondrial potential and superoxide content decreased by 37% and 23%, respectively. Microarray’s transcriptome analysis demonstrated a negative transient effect on the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, DNA repair, cell proliferation, and the overexpression of plasma membrane proteins. We conclude that nanosecond pulsed electric field affected the physiology and gene expression of TM3 cells transiently, with a noticeable heterogeneity of cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Kasprzycka
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Alicja Trębińska-Stryjewska
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Rafał Bogdan Lewandowski
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Stępińska
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Paulina Natalia Osuchowska
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Monika Dobrzyńska
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Yahia Achour
- Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (Y.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Łukasz Paweł Osuchowski
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Jacek Starzyński
- Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (Y.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Zygmunt Mierczyk
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Elżbieta Anna Trafny
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Speight P, Rozycki M, Venugopal S, Szászi K, Kofler M, Kapus A. Myocardin-related transcription factor and serum response factor regulate cilium turnover by both transcriptional and local mechanisms. iScience 2021; 24:102739. [PMID: 34278253 PMCID: PMC8261663 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Turnover of the primary cilium (PC) is critical for proliferation and tissue homeostasis. Each key component of the PC resorption machinery, the HEF1/Aurora kinase A (AurA)/HDAC6 pathway harbors cis-elements potentially targeted by the transcriptional co-activator myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) and/or its partner serum response factor (SRF). Thus we investigated if MRTF and/or SRF regulate PC turnover. Here we show that (1) both MRTF and SRF are indispensable for serum-induced PC resorption, and (2) they act via both transcriptional and local mechanisms. Intriguingly, MRTF and SRF are present in the basal body and/or the PC, and serum facilitates ciliary MRTF recruitment. MRTF promotes the stability and ciliary accumulation of AurA and facilitates SRF phosphorylation. Ciliary SRF interacts with AurA and HDAC6. MRTF also inhibits ciliogenesis. It interacts with and is required for the correct localization of the ciliogenesis modulator CEP290. Thus, MRTF and SRF are critical regulators of PC assembly and/or disassembly, acting both as transcription factors and as PC constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam Speight
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Room 621, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Matthew Rozycki
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Room 621, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Shruthi Venugopal
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Room 621, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Katalin Szászi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Room 621, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Michael Kofler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Room 621, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - András Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Room 621, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
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15
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Ukhanov K, Uytingco C, Green W, Zhang L, Schurmans S, Martens JR. INPP5E controls ciliary localization of phospholipids and the odor response in olfactory sensory neurons. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:jcs.258364. [PMID: 33771931 PMCID: PMC8126451 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid composition of the primary cilia membrane is emerging as a critical regulator of cilia formation, maintenance and function. Here, we show that conditional deletion of the phosphoinositide 5′-phosphatase gene Inpp5e, mutation of which is causative of Joubert syndrome, in terminally developed mouse olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), leads to a dramatic remodeling of ciliary phospholipids that is accompanied by marked elongation of cilia. Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], which is normally restricted to the proximal segment redistributed to the entire length of cilia in Inpp5e knockout mice with a reduction in phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2] and elevation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] in the dendritic knob. The redistribution of phosphoinositides impaired odor adaptation, resulting in less efficient recovery and altered inactivation kinetics of the odor-evoked electrical response and the odor-induced elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+. Gene replacement of Inpp5e through adenoviral expression restored the ciliary localization of PI(4,5)P2 and odor response kinetics in OSNs. Our findings support the role of phosphoinositides as a modulator of the odor response and in ciliary biology of native multi-ciliated OSNs. Summary: Cilia of olfactory sensory neurons have a unique lipid composition. Localization of phospholipids is controlled by the INPP5E phosphatase and is involved in modulation of the odor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Ukhanov
- University of Florida, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.,University of Florida, Center for Smell and Taste, FL 32610-0267, USA
| | - Cedric Uytingco
- University of Florida, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Warren Green
- University of Florida, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Lian Zhang
- University of Florida, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.,University of Florida, Center for Smell and Taste, FL 32610-0267, USA
| | - Stephane Schurmans
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Disease, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- University of Florida, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.,University of Florida, Center for Smell and Taste, FL 32610-0267, USA
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16
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Lolo FN, Jiménez-Jiménez V, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Del Pozo MÁ. Tumor-stroma biomechanical crosstalk: a perspective on the role of caveolin-1 in tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 39:485-503. [PMID: 32514892 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor stiffening is a hallmark of malignancy that actively drives tumor progression and aggressiveness. Recent research has shed light onto several molecular underpinnings of this biomechanical process, which has a reciprocal crosstalk between tumor cells, stromal fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix remodeling at its core. This dynamic communication shapes the tumor microenvironment; significantly determines disease features including therapeutic resistance, relapse, or metastasis; and potentially holds the key for novel antitumor strategies. Caveolae and their components emerge as integrators of different aspects of cell function, mechanotransduction, and ECM-cell interaction. Here, we review our current knowledge on the several pivotal roles of the essential caveolar component caveolin-1 in this multidirectional biomechanical crosstalk and highlight standing questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidel Nicolás Lolo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Jiménez-Jiménez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Labat-de-Hoz L, Rubio-Ramos A, Casares-Arias J, Bernabé-Rubio M, Correas I, Alonso MA. A Model for Primary Cilium Biogenesis by Polarized Epithelial Cells: Role of the Midbody Remnant and Associated Specialized Membranes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:622918. [PMID: 33585461 PMCID: PMC7873843 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.622918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are solitary, microtubule-based protrusions surrounded by a ciliary membrane equipped with selected receptors that orchestrate important signaling pathways that control cell growth, differentiation, development and homeostasis. Depending on the cell type, primary cilium assembly takes place intracellularly or at the cell surface. The intracellular route has been the focus of research on primary cilium biogenesis, whereas the route that occurs at the cell surface, which we call the "alternative" route, has been much less thoroughly characterized. In this review, based on recent experimental evidence, we present a model of primary ciliogenesis by the alternative route in which the remnant of the midbody generated upon cytokinesis acquires compact membranes, that are involved in compartmentalization of biological membranes. The midbody remnant delivers part of those membranes to the centrosome in order to assemble the ciliary membrane, thereby licensing primary cilium formation. The midbody remnant's involvement in primary cilium formation, the regulation of its inheritance by the ESCRT machinery, and the assembly of the ciliary membrane from the membranes originally associated with the remnant are discussed in the context of the literature concerning the ciliary membrane, the emerging roles of the midbody remnant, the regulation of cytokinesis, and the role of membrane compartmentalization. We also present a model of cilium emergence during evolution, and summarize the directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Labat-de-Hoz
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando Rubio-Ramos
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Casares-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernabé-Rubio
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Failler M, Giro-Perafita A, Owa M, Srivastava S, Yun C, Kahler DJ, Unutmaz D, Esteva FJ, Sánchez I, Dynlacht BD. Whole-genome screen identifies diverse pathways that negatively regulate ciliogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 32:169-185. [PMID: 33206585 PMCID: PMC8120696 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-02-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a high-throughput whole-genome RNAi screen to identify novel inhibitors of ciliogenesis in normal and basal breast cancer cells. Our screen uncovered a previously undisclosed, extensive network of genes linking integrin signaling and cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) with inhibition of ciliation in both normal and cancer cells. Surprisingly, a cohort of genes encoding ECM proteins was also identified. We characterized several ciliation inhibitory genes and showed that their silencing was accompanied by altered cytoskeletal organization and induction of ciliation, which restricts cell growth and migration in normal and breast cancer cells. Conversely, supplying an integrin ligand, vitronectin, to the ECM rescued the enhanced ciliation observed on silencing this gene. Aberrant ciliation could also be suppressed through hyperactivation of the YAP/TAZ pathway, indicating a potential mechanistic basis for our findings. Our findings suggest an unanticipated reciprocal relationship between ciliation and cellular adhesion to the ECM and provide a resource that could vastly expand our understanding of controls involving “outside-in” and “inside-out” signaling that restrain cilium assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Failler
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Ariadna Giro-Perafita
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Mikito Owa
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Shalini Srivastava
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Chi Yun
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - David J Kahler
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Derya Unutmaz
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine and University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06031
| | - Francisco J Esteva
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Irma Sánchez
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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19
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Del Pozo MA, Lolo FN, Echarri A. Caveolae: Mechanosensing and mechanotransduction devices linking membrane trafficking to mechanoadaptation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 68:113-123. [PMID: 33188985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces (extracellular matrix stiffness, vascular shear stress, and muscle stretching) reaching the plasma membrane (PM) determine cell behavior. Caveolae are PM-invaginated nanodomains with specific lipid and protein composition. Being highly abundant in mechanically challenged tissues (muscles, lungs, vessels, and adipose tissues), they protect cells from mechanical stress damage. Caveolae flatten upon increased PM tension, enabling both force sensing and accommodation, critical for cell mechanoprotection and homeostasis. Thus, caveolae are highly plastic, ranging in complexity from flattened membranes to vacuolar invaginations surrounded by caveolae-rosettes-which also contribute to mechanoprotection. Caveolar components crosstalk with mechanotransduction pathways and recent studies show that they translocate from the PM to the nucleus to convey stress information. Furthermore, caveolae components can regulate membrane traffic from/to the PM to adapt to environmental mechanical forces. The interdependence between lipids and caveolae starts to be understood, and the relevance of caveolae-dependent membrane trafficking linked to mechanoadaption to different physiopathological processes is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fidel-Nicolás Lolo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Echarri
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Pol A, Morales-Paytuví F, Bosch M, Parton RG. Non-caveolar caveolins – duties outside the caves. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/9/jcs241562. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Caveolae are invaginations of the plasma membrane that are remarkably abundant in adipocytes, endothelial cells and muscle. Caveolae provide cells with resources for mechanoprotection, can undergo fission from the plasma membrane and can regulate a variety of signaling pathways. Caveolins are fundamental components of caveolae, but many cells, such as hepatocytes and many neurons, express caveolins without forming distinguishable caveolae. Thus, the function of caveolins goes beyond their roles as caveolar components. The membrane-organizing and -sculpting capacities of caveolins, in combination with their complex intracellular trafficking, might contribute to these additional roles. Furthermore, non-caveolar caveolins can potentially interact with proteins normally excluded from caveolae. Here, we revisit the non-canonical roles of caveolins in a variety of cellular contexts including liver, brain, lymphocytes, cilia and cancer cells, as well as consider insights from invertebrate systems. Non-caveolar caveolins can determine the intracellular fluxes of active lipids, including cholesterol and sphingolipids. Accordingly, caveolins directly or remotely control a plethora of lipid-dependent processes such as the endocytosis of specific cargoes, sorting and transport in endocytic compartments, or different signaling pathways. Indeed, loss-of-function of non-caveolar caveolins might contribute to the common phenotypes and pathologies of caveolin-deficient cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pol
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Morales-Paytuví
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CMM) IMB, The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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21
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Abstract
Transcytosis of macromolecules through lung endothelial cells is the primary route of transport from the vascular compartment into the interstitial space. Endothelial transcytosis is mostly a caveolae-dependent process that combines receptor-mediated endocytosis, vesicle trafficking via actin-cytoskeletal remodeling, and SNARE protein directed vesicle fusion and exocytosis. Herein, we review the current literature on caveolae-mediated endocytosis, the role of actin cytoskeleton in caveolae stabilization at the plasma membrane, actin remodeling during vesicle trafficking, and exocytosis of caveolar vesicles. Next, we provide a concise summary of experimental methods employed to assess transcytosis. Finally, we review evidence that transcytosis contributes to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:491-508, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Correspondence to
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22
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Atherosclerosis: Insights into Vascular Pathobiology and Outlook to Novel Treatments. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 13:744-757. [PMID: 32072564 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-09961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pathobiology of atherosclerosis and its current and potential future treatments are summarized, with a spotlight on three central cell types involved: (i) endothelial cells (ECs), (ii) macrophages, and (iii) vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). (i) EC behaviour is regulated by the central transcription factors YAP/TAZ in reaction to biomechanical forces, such as hemodynamic shear stress. (ii) VSMC transdifferentiation (phenotype switching) to a macrophage-like phenotype contributes to the majority of cells positive for common cell surface macrophage markers in atherosclerotic plaques. (iii) Intra-plaque macrophages originate in a significant number from vascular resident macrophages. They can be activated via pattern recognition receptors on cell membrane (e.g. toll-like receptors) and inside cells (e.g. inflammasomes), requiring priming by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). ECs and macrophages can also be characterized by single-cell RNA sequencing. Adaptive immunity plays an important role in the inflammatory process. Future therapeutic options include vaccination, TRAF-STOPs, senolysis, or CD47 blockade. Graphical Abstract.
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Actin-based regulation of ciliogenesis - The long and the short of it. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 102:132-138. [PMID: 31862221 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilia is found on the mammalian cell surface where it serves as an antenna for the reception and transmission of a variety of cellular signaling pathways. At its core the cilium is a microtubule-based organelle, but it is clear that its assembly and function are dependent upon the coordinated regulation of both actin and microtubule dynamics. In particular, the discovery that the centrosome is able to act as both a microtubule and actin organizing centre implies that both cytoskeletal networks are acting directly on the process of cilia assembly. In this review, we set our recent results with the formin FHDC1 in the context of current reports that show each stage of ciliogenesis is impacted by changes in actin dynamics. These include direct effects of actin filament assembly on basal body positioning, vesicle trafficking to and entry into the cilium, cilia length, cilia membrane organization and cilia-dependent signaling.
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24
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Rausch V, Hansen CG. The Hippo Pathway, YAP/TAZ, and the Plasma Membrane. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 30:32-48. [PMID: 31806419 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane allows the cell to sense and adapt to changes in the extracellular environment by relaying external inputs via intracellular signaling networks. One central cellular signaling pathway is the Hippo pathway, which regulates homeostasis and plays chief roles in carcinogenesis and regenerative processes. Recent studies have found that mechanical stimuli and diffusible chemical components can regulate the Hippo pathway primarily through receptors embedded in the plasma membrane. Morphologically defined structures within the plasma membrane, such as cellular junctions, focal adhesions, primary cilia, caveolae, clathrin-coated pits, and plaques play additional key roles. Here, we discuss recent evidence highlighting the importance of these specialized plasma membrane domains in cellular feedback via the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rausch
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Carsten G Hansen
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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25
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Readler JM, AlKahlout AS, Sharma P, Excoffon KJDA. Isoform specific editing of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. Virology 2019; 536:20-26. [PMID: 31394408 PMCID: PMC6733617 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is both a viral receptor and cell adhesion protein. CAR has two transmembrane isoforms that localize distinctly in polarized epithelial cells. Whereas the seven exon-encoded isoform (CAREx7) exhibits basolateral localization, the eight exon-encoded isoform (CAREx8) can localize to the apical epithelial surface where it can mediate luminal adenovirus infection. To further understand the distinct biological functions of these two isoforms, CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing was used to specifically delete the eighth exon of the CXADR gene in a Madine Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line with a stably integrated lentiviral doxycycline-inducible CAREx8 cDNA. The gene-edited clone demonstrated a significant reduction in adenovirus susceptibility when both partially and fully polarized, and doxycycline-induction of CAREx8 restored sensitivity to adenovirus. These data reinforce the importance of CAREx8 in apical adenovirus infection and provide a new model cell line to probe isoform specific biological functions of CAR.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/metabolism
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/genetics
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein/genetics
- Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Dogs
- Doxycycline/pharmacology
- Exons
- Gene Editing/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Humans
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Readler
- Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA; Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Amal S AlKahlout
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Katherine J D A Excoffon
- Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA; Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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