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Abiri B, Ahmadi AR, Valizadeh A, Abbaspour F, Valizadeh M, Hedayati M. Obesity and thyroid cancer: unraveling the connection through a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:461-474. [PMID: 38932807 PMCID: PMC11196530 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background The relationship between adiposity indicators and thyroid cancer (TC) risk has garnered increasing attention due to the rising prevalence of obesity and its potential impact on cancer incidence. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate this association across various effect measures. Method Until July 2022, a comprehensive search of databases was conducted to identify cohort studies that assessed the association between adiposity and the development of TC. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects models. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using Begg's tests. Results A systematic literature search identified 27 eligible studies reporting odds ratios (OR), relative risks (RR), or hazard ratios (HR) as effect measures. Pooling the studies irrespective of the effect measure, a significant positive association between adiposity indicators and TC risk was observed, yielding an effect estimate of 1.16 (95% CI 1.12-1.21). The combined effect estimate for OR/RR studies was 1.10 (95%CI 1.04-1.17), while HR studies yielded an effect estimate of 1.20 (95%CI 1.13-1.26). Subgroup analyses revealed associations across different age groups, obesity indices, and regions, with some variations based on effect measure. Meta-regression identified follow-up duration as a confounding factor only in HR studies. Conclusion The synthesis of 27 studies with diverse designs and populations underscores a robust positive association between adiposity and TC risk, providing compelling evidence for the potential role of increased adiposity in TC development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-024-01425-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Abiri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faeze Abbaspour
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kim HR, Son M, Huh SJ, Moon SY, Moon H, Kang YW, Koh M, Lee JY. Relationship between METS-IR and thyroid cancer incidence in Korea: a nationwide population-based study. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1383864. [PMID: 38665956 PMCID: PMC11044182 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1383864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several previous studies found a positive relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and thyroid cancer (TC) risk. However, there is no research that has studied the relationship between the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a novel surrogate marker for IR, and TC incidence. Thus, we designed this retrospective cohort study to evaluate the relationship between the incidence of TC and METS-IR. Method We analyzed a cohort of 314,321 Korean adults aged over 40 years who participated in the National Health Screening Program from 2009 to 2010. The individuals were divided into four groups based on METS-IR quartiles. Follow-up was until the diagnosis of TC or death, or until December 31, 2019, if neither. The relationship between METS-IR and TC incidence was analyzed using the Cox proportional-hazards model with multi-variable adjustments. Results A total of 4,137 participants (1.3%) were diagnosed with TC during a mean follow-up of 9.5 ± 1.5 years. The population with Q1 METS-IR scores showed higher disease-free probabilities than those with Q4 METS-IR scores (p <0.001). The hazard ratio (95% confidential interval) for TC incidence in Q2, Q3, and Q4 METS-IR value were 1.14 (1.05 to 1.25), 1.21 (1.11 to 1.33), and 1.30 (1.18 to 1.42) compared with Q1 of METS-IR, respectively. The incidence of TC tended to increase with increasing METS-IR values in the total population, especially the male population in the restricted cubic spline. In subgroup analysis, the TC risk was more pronounced in the subgroups under 65 and with a BMI < 25 kg/m2. Conclusion METS-IR was positively correlated with TC incidence in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkook Son
- Department of Physiology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Data Sciences Convergence, Dong-A University Interdisciplinary Program, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jae Huh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yi Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeongdo Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Wool Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongseok Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Yoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Di Filippo G, Canu GL, Lazzari G, Serbusca D, Morelli E, Brazzarola P, Rossi L, Gjeloshi B, Caradonna M, Kotsovolis G, Pliakos I, Poulios E, Papavramidis T, Cappellacci F, Nocini PF, Calò PG, Materazzi G, Medas F. Exploring the Link between BMI and Aggressive Histopathological Subtypes in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma-Insights from a Multicentre Retrospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1429. [PMID: 38611106 PMCID: PMC11011018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity's role in thyroid cancer development is still debated, as well as its association with aggressive histopathological subtypes (AHSs). To clarify the link between Body Mass Index (BMI) and AHS of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), we evaluated patients who underwent thyroidectomy for DTC from 2020 to 2022 at four European referral centres for endocrine surgery. Based on BMI, patients were classified as normal-underweight, overweight, or obese. AHSs were defined according to 2022 WHO guidelines. Among 3868 patients included, 34.5% were overweight and 19.6% obese. Histological diagnoses were: 93.6% papillary (PTC), 4.8% follicular (FTC), and 1.6% Hürthle cell (HCC) thyroid carcinoma. Obese and overweight patients with PTC had a higher rate of AHSs (p = 0.03), bilateral, multifocal tumours (p = 0.014, 0.049), and larger nodal metastases (p = 0.017). In a multivariate analysis, BMI was an independent predictor of AHS of PTC, irrespective of gender (p = 0.028). In younger patients (<55 years old) with PTC > 1 cm, BMI predicted a higher ATA risk class (p = 0.036). Overweight and obese patients with FTC had larger tumours (p = 0.036). No difference was found in terms of AHS of FTC and HCC based on BMI category. Overweight and obese patients with PTC appear to be at an increased risk for AHS and aggressive clinico-pathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Di Filippo
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery and Oncology, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Canu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, SS554 Bivio Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lazzari
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery and Oncology, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Dorin Serbusca
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery and Oncology, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Morelli
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery and Oncology, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Brazzarola
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery and Oncology, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Rossi
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Benard Gjeloshi
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariangela Caradonna
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - George Kotsovolis
- First Propedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 85 Karakasi Str., 54453 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pliakos
- First Propedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 85 Karakasi Str., 54453 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthymios Poulios
- First Propedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 85 Karakasi Str., 54453 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodosios Papavramidis
- First Propedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 85 Karakasi Str., 54453 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Federico Cappellacci
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, SS554 Bivio Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pier Francesco Nocini
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery and Oncology, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Giorgio Calò
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, SS554 Bivio Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Medas
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, SS554 Bivio Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
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Kwon H, Han KD, Moon SJ, Park SE, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer Among Young Adults in South Korea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1095-e1104. [PMID: 37921093 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Obesity and metabolic syndrome are known risk factors for thyroid cancer. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between NAFLD and thyroid cancer risk in young adults. METHODS This nationwide cohort study included 1 135 967 participants aged 20 to 39 years who underwent 4 consecutive health screenings in South Korea. NAFLD was categorized using the fatty liver index (FLI), as follows: ≥60, 30 to 60, and <30. The cumulative FLI points were defined as the number of times participants had a FLI of ≥30 (0-4). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 4126 participants (0.36%) were newly diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Compared with the participants with an FLI of <30, those with an FLI of 30 to 60 (men: hazard ratio [HR] 1.36 [95% CI, 1.22-1.51] and women: HR 1.44 [1.21-1.70]) and those with an FLI of ≥60 (men: HR 1.71 [1.53-1.92] and women: HR 1.81 [1.46-2.25]) had a significantly higher risk of thyroid cancer. Participants with higher cumulative FLI points had a higher risk of thyroid cancer compared to those with a cumulative FLI point of 0 (P < .001). During the follow-up period, the participants with an increased FLI exhibited an increased risk of thyroid cancer. CONCLUSION NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in young adults. Repeatedly elevated FLI and progression of NAFLD were associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joon Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
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Li Q, Wang Y, Meng X, Wang W, Duan F, Chen S, Zhang Y, Sheng Z, Gao Y, Zhou L. METTL16 inhibits papillary thyroid cancer tumorigenicity through m 6A/YTHDC2/SCD1-regulated lipid metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:81. [PMID: 38334797 PMCID: PMC10857971 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) stands as the leading cancer type among endocrine malignancies, and there exists a strong correlation between thyroid cancer and obesity. However, the clinical significance and molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism in the development of PTC remain unclear. In this study, it was demonstrated that the downregulation of METTL16 enhanced lipid metabolism and promoted the malignant progression of PTC. METTL16 was expressed at lower levels in PTC tissues because of DNMT1-mediated hypermethylation of its promoter. Loss- and gain-of-function studies clarified the effects of METTL16 on PTC progression. METTL16 overexpression increased the abundance of m6A in SCD1 cells, increasing RNA decay via the m6A reader YTHDC2. The SCD1 inhibitor A939572 inhibited growth and slowed down lipid metabolism in PTC cells. These results confirm the crucial role of METTL16 in restraining PTC progression through SCD1-activated lipid metabolism in cooperation with YTHDC2. This suggests that the combination of METTL16 and anti-SCD1 blockade might constitute an effective therapy for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yaju Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangshu Meng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Feifan Duan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shuya Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiyong Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review explores recent evidence assessing the relationship between obesity and thyroid cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Consistent evidence from observational studies suggests that obesity increases the risk of thyroid cancer. The relationship persists when alternative measures of adiposity are used, but the strength of association may vary according to the timing and duration of obesity and how obesity or other metabolic parameters are defined as exposures. Recent studies have reported an association between obesity and thyroid cancers that are larger or have adverse clinicopathologic features, including those with BRAF mutations, thus providing evidence that the association is relevant for clinically significant thyroid cancers. The underlying mechanism for the association remains uncertain but may be driven by disruption in adipokines and growth-signaling pathways. SUMMARY Obesity is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, although further research is required to understand the biological mechanisms underpinning this relationship. Reducing the prevalence of obesity is predicted to lessen the future burden of thyroid cancer. However, the presence of obesity does not impact current recommendations for screening or management of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Burrage
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
- School of Medicine
| | - Donald S A McLeod
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland
| | - Susan J Jordan
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
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Seo JY, Jin EH, Chung GE, Kim YS, Bae JH, Yim JY, Han KD, Yang SY. The risk of colorectal cancer according to obesity status at four-year intervals: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8928. [PMID: 37264099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. However, the effect of body weight change on colorectal cancer is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between difference in body mass index and the risk of colorectal cancer. In this nationwide population-based cohort study, participants of the national cancer screening program in 2005 and 2009 were enrolled. Difference of body mass index was calculated from screening data from 2005 and 2009. Participants were divided into four groups according to direction of obesity status: non-obese/non-obese, non-obese/obese, obese/non-obese, and obese/obese. The effect of differences in body mass index on colorectal cancer was analyzed. Among 3,858,228 participants, 47,894 (1.24%) participants were newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer during the 9.2 years of follow-up. The incidence of colorectal cancer was higher in the obese/obese group than the non-obese/non-obese group (hazard ratio = 1.08 [1.06-1.11], P trend < 0.001). The men in the obese/obese group had a higher risk of colon cancer than women (hazard ratio = 1.13 [1.10-1.17] in men, and hazard ratio = 1.04 [1.01-1.18] in women, P = 0.001). Persistent obesity was associated with a higher risk of incidence of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Eun Hyo Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Goh Eun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Young Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yoon Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06978, South Korea.
| | - Sun Young Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea.
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Association of general and central obesity, and their changes with risk of knee osteoarthritis: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3796. [PMID: 36882508 PMCID: PMC9992488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between general and central obesity, and their changes with risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) using retrospective cohort data collected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. We studied 1,139,463 people aged 50 and over who received a health examination in 2009. To evaluate the association between general and/or central obesity and knee OA risk, a Cox proportional hazard models were used. Additionally, we investigate knee OA risk according to the change in obesity status over 2 years for subjects who had undergone health examinations for 2 consecutive years. General obesity without central obesity (HR 1.281, 95% CI 1.270-1.292) and central obesity without general obesity (HR 1.167, 95% CI 1.150-1.184) were associated with increased knee OA risk than the comparison group. Individuals with both general with central obesity had the highest risk (HR 1.418, 95% CI 1.406-1.429). This association was more pronounced in women and younger age group. Remarkably, the remission of general or central obesity over two years was associated with decreased knee OA risk (HR 0.884; 95% CI 0.867-0.902; HR 0.900; 95% CI 0.884-0.916, respectively). The present study found that both general and central obesity were associated with increased risk of knee OA and the risk was highest when the two types of obesity were accompanied. Changes in obesity status have been confirmed to alter the risk of knee OA.
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Li LR, Song JL, Liu HQ, Chen C. Metabolic syndrome and thyroid Cancer: risk, prognosis, and mechanism. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:23. [PMID: 36811728 PMCID: PMC9947216 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) cannot be fully explained by overdiagnosis. Metabolic syndrome (Met S) is highly prevalent due to the modern lifestyle, which can lead to the development of tumors. This review expounds on the relationship between Met S and TC risk, prognosis and its possible biological mechanism. Met S and its components were associated with an increased risk and aggressiveness of TC, and there were gender differences in most studies. Abnormal metabolism places the body in a state of chronic inflammation for a long time, and thyroid-stimulating hormones may initiate tumorigenesis. Insulin resistance has a central role assisted by adipokines, angiotensin II, and estrogen. Together, these factors contribute to the progression of TC. Therefore, direct predictors of metabolic disorders (e.g., central obesity, insulin resistance and apolipoprotein levels) are expected to become new markers for diagnosis and prognosis. cAMP, insulin-like growth factor axis, angiotensin II, and AMPK-related signaling pathways could provide new targets for TC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Rui Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jieang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jun-Long Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jieang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jieang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jieang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China.
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Dong Z, Liu W, Su F, Cheng R. Association of Body Mass Index With Clinicopathological Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study. Endocr Pract 2023; 29:83-88. [PMID: 36481471 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of body mass index (BMI) on clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS The clinical data of 4476 patients with PTC who underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different BMI of patients, it can be divided into underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m2), overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2). Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the BMI and the size of PTC tumor. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association of overweight and obesity with clinicopathological features of PTC. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between the BMI and PTC tumor size (r = 0.087, P < .001). As compared with normal weight patients with PTC, overweight and obese patients with PTC had a greater risk of bilaterality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.295, OR = 1.669), multifocality (OR = 1.273, OR = 1.617), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 1.560, OR = 2.477), T (3 + 4) stage (OR = 1.482, OR = 2.392), and recurrence risk (intermediate-high risk) (OR = 1.215, OR = 1.718) (P < .05 for all). As compared with normal weight patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), overweight and obese patients with PTMC had a greater risk of bilaterality (OR = 1.341, OR = 1.737), multifocality (OR = 1.244, OR = 1.640), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 1.992, OR = 2.080), T (3 + 4) stage (OR = 1898, OR = 2.039), and recurrence risk (intermediate-high risk) (OR = 1.458, OR = 1.536) (P < .05 for all). CONCLUSION Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological features of PTC and PTMC. The impact of overweight and obesity should be considered when choosing treatment decisions for PTC and PTMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Dong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Thyroid Diseases of Yunnan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Thyroid Diseases of Yunnan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruochuan Cheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Thyroid Diseases of Yunnan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Pidchenko N. Thyroid gland cancer and insulin resistance: a modern view of the problem. УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ РАДІОЛОГІЧНИЙ ТА ОНКОЛОГІЧНИЙ ЖУРНАЛ 2022. [DOI: 10.46879/ukroj.3.2022.79-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. The impact of insulin resistance on the probability of increase in thyroid cancer risk has been drawing a lot of attention of researchers lately. This problem is far from being completely solved. Studying this interrelationship may influence the effectiveness of the treatment of the mentioned widespread pathology.
Purpose – to review present literature sources on research of interrelationship between insulin resistance and thyroid cancer, and also possible mechanisms of this relationship.
Materials and methods. Literature search was performed manually by the keywords (thyroid cancer, insulin resistance, IGF-1, IGF-2, abdominal obesity, increase in body mass index, metformin), and also literature sources from evidential data bases PubMed, Web of Science were reviewed. Metaanalyses, systematic reviews and cohort studies were also taken into account. 148 literature sources were studied in total. The sources, which had been published within the last 10 years, were preferably selected.
Results. Insulin resistance is viewed as an important independent factor of development of numerous malignancies. The carcinogenic activity of insulin resistance is caused by the resistance itself, as well as by the metabolic disorders related to it. It has been established that excessive weight and obesity are to a great extent attributed to more aggressive clinical pathological signs of thyroid cancer. Recent research showed a larger volume of thyroid and higher risk of knot forming in patients with insulin resistance. Thus, thyroid cancer is one of the main factors of thyroid transformation. Therapeutic methods of eliminating metabolic syndrome and associated hormonal diseases for prevention and therapy of oncologic diseases are drawing ever-greater scientific interest. The anti-tumor features of metformin and its capability of retarding carcinogenesis are shown in the studies.
Conclusions. The given literature analysis has proved that the problem of treating malignant thyroid tumors and their metastasis is caused not only by morphological, cellular and molecular-biological features of the tumor itself, but also by insufficient knowledge about the interrelationship between insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, increase in body mass index, high-calorie diet and reduction of consumption of polyunsaturated fats, harmful impact of environment with molecular changes, specific for thyroid cancer. It is confirmed by a significant increase in thyroid cancer rate, especially papillary histotype, alongside with an increase in obesity rate. The studying of possibilities of decreasing incidence and mortality rates of oncologic pathology when using medications, which stabilize insulin and contribute to a decrease in degree of hyperinsulinemia, one of which is metformin, generates profound interest
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Kim J, Kim MK, Baek KH, Song KH, Han K, Kwon HS. Repeated Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Nationwide Population- Based Study in Korea. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:303-311. [PMID: 35381688 PMCID: PMC9081313 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) plays an important role in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway and prevents atherosclerosis-mediated disease. It has also been suggested that HDL-C may be a protective factor against cancer. However, an inverse correlation between HDL-C and cancer has not been established, and few studies have explored thyroid cancer. METHODS The study participants received health checkups provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2009 to 2013 and were followed until 2019. Considering the variability of serum HDL-C level, low HDL-C level was analyzed by grouping based on four consecutive health checkups. The data analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS A total of 3,134,278 total study participants, thyroid cancer occurred in 16,129. In the crude model, the hazard ratios for the association between repeatedly measured low HDL-C levels and thyroid cancer were 1.243, 1.404, 1.486, and 1.680 (P for trend <0.01), respectively, which were significant even after adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle factors, and metabolic diseases. The subgroup analysis revealed that low HDL-C levels likely had a greater impact on the group of patients with central obesity (P for interaction= 0.062), high blood pressure (P for interaction=0.057), impaired fasting glucose (P for interaction=0.051), and hyperlipidemia (P for interaction=0.126). CONCLUSION Repeatedly measured low HDL-C levels can be considered a risk factor for cancer as well as vascular disease. Low HDL-C levels were associated with the risk of thyroid cancer, and this correlation was stronger in a metabolically unhealthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Kyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Kyungdo Han Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Korea Tel: +82-2-820-7025, Fax: +82-2-823-1746, E-mail:
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Hyuk-Sang Kwon Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07345, Korea Tel: +82-2-3779-1039, Fax: +82-2-786-1479, E-mail:
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Ma XN, Ma CX, Hou LJ, Fu SB. The association of obesity with thyroid carcinoma risk. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1136-1144. [PMID: 35032114 PMCID: PMC8855891 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity and an increased incidence of thyroid carcinoma (TC) threaten public health in parallel on a global scale. Sufficient evidence supports excess body fatness in thyroid carcinogenesis, and the role and anthropometric markers of obesity have been causally associated with the rising risk of TC. Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed. Studies focused on the effect of obesity in TC. Results This review mainly discusses the global incidence and prevalence of obesity‐related TC. We also review the role of obesity in TC and potential clinical strategies for obesity‐related TC. Conclusions Excess body fatness in early life and TC survival initiate adverse effects later in life. The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing in the last decades all over the world. Such a steady growth cannot be entirely attributable to more sensitive diagnostic procedures. Obesity has increased with sufficient rapidity in the same time frame and may as possible promoters and modifiable risk factors for thyroid cancer in recent years. The aim of this review was to focus on the relationship between obesity and the risk of thyroid cancer. Obesity seems to play a relevant role in thyroid cancer carcinogenesis as well as in its severity and aggressiveness. The possible underlying mechanism is involved chronic inflammation mediated by cytokines, leptin, and adiponectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ni Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cheng-Xu Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li-Jie Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Song-Bo Fu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Wu WX, Feng JW, Ye J, Qi GF, Hong LZ, Hu J, Liu SY, Jiang Y, Qu Z. Influence of Obesity Parameters on Different Regional Patterns of Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:3797955. [PMID: 36389127 PMCID: PMC9663220 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3797955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity increases risk of thyroid cancer. However, the association between obesity and the progression of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains controversial. This retrospective study aimed to explore the relationship between obesity and regional patterns of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in PTC. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data from 1015 patients with PTC. We calculated obese parameters, such as body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), and body surface area (BSA). Logistic regression models were used to assess associations between obese parameters and the rate of lymph node metastasis (LNM), number of LNM, pattern of LNM, and lymph node ratio (LNR). RESULTS Higher BMI was not associated with different regional patterns of LNM in PTC. In men with PTC, high BFP was an independent predictor of total LNM, central lymph node metastasis (CLNM), total lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM), multiple lateral lymph node metastasis, and simultaneous metastasis in lateral compartment. In addition, male patients with high BFP had higher central LNR and higher number of CLNM. For women, high BSA was an independent predictor of LLNM and level IV metastasis. Female patients with high BSA had higher number of CLNM. CONCLUSION BFP and BSA, possibly influenced by gender, were positively associated with the number and risk of LNM in different regions of PTC patients. However, BMI was not the predictor for aggressiveness of PTC in terms of LNM. Clinical decision-making for regional LNM in PTC patients should consider the factor of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xiao Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Wei Feng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ye
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gao-Feng Qi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Zhao Hong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Hu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng-Yong Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Qu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Yin Y, Xu X, Shen L, Zhao W, Diao H, Li C. Influencing Factors and Cumulative Risk Analysis of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:644645. [PMID: 34660255 PMCID: PMC8514816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.644645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the influencing factors and cumulative risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients. Methods 607 patients confirmed PTMC pathologically after thyroidectomy were enrolled in this retrospective study. The rate of LNM was calculated. Different clinicopathological characteristics were compared in PTMC patients with and without LNM and in different subgroups of LNM, respectively. Correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and LNM was analyzed and the cumulative risk of LNM according to different clinicopathological characteristics was calculated. Results (1) There were 228 cases (37.56%) of PTMC combined with LNM. Compared with the non-lymph node metastasis group, the proportion of age <55 years, male, multiple foci, bilateral foci, diameter>0.5cm, extracapsular invasion, HT and intermediate-to-high risk stratification for recurrence of the LNM group was significantly increased (all p<0.05);(2) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age <55years, male, multiple foci, diameter>0.5cm,HT were independently positively correlated with LNM (all p <0.05); (3) Subgroup analysis showed that women aged <55 years combined with HT and aged≥55 years combined with BMI≥25 kg/m2 were independently positively associated with LNM; (4) With the increase of the tumor diameter, the cumulative risk of LNM in group of age <55 years, males, and multiple foci increased gradually, and was higher than those of age≥55 years, females and single foci, respectively. (5) Among the 228 cases of LNM, the proportion of lymph nodes (LN) >5 and the positive rate of LN were both higher in male group than that in the female group. The proportion of multiple foci and HT in LLNM group was higher than that in CLNM group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Age <55 years, males, multiple foci, diameter >0.5cm and HT were independent risk factors of LNM; HT was an independent risk factor for LNM in female <55 years old, and BMI≥25 kg/m2 was an independent risk factor for LNM in female ≥55 years old; The increase of tumor diameter in age <55 years, males, multiple foci, and bilateral foci increased the cumulative risk of LNM, respectively; The number of LNM and the positive rate of LNM were both higher in male, and patients with multiple foci or HT were more likely to develop into LLNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Yin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- International Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liyan Shen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongcui Diao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengqian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Shu X, Tang L, Hu D, Wang Y, Yu P, Yang Z, Deng C, Wang D, Su X. Prediction Model of Pathologic Central Lymph Node Negativity in cN0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:727984. [PMID: 34646771 PMCID: PMC8503674 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.727984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have an excellent prognosis. Although central lymph node invasion is frequent, management via central lymph node dissection (CLND) remains controversial. The present study retrospectively investigated independent predictors of pathologic central lymph node negativity (pCLN-) and established a prediction model for pCLN- in clinical lymph node negativity (cN0) PTC. Methods A total of 2,687 patients underwent thyroid surgery for cN0 PTC from 2013 to 2018 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and lobectomy plus ipsilateral CLND was the basic surgical extent. Clinicopathological characteristics were reviewed and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors related to pCLN-. A prediction model was established based on the results of multivariate analyses. Results The pCLN- rate was 51.5% (1,383/2,687). Multivariate analysis revealed that sex, age, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), size, location, laterality, unifocality and extrathyroidal extension negativity (ETE-) were independent predictors of pCLN-. The nomogram showed good discriminative ability (C-index: 0.784 and 0.787 in derivation and validation groups, respectively) and was well calibrated. We quantified the clinical usefulness of the nomogram by decision curve analysis. The median length of follow-up was 30 (range 12– 83) months, and 190 cases were lost, with a follow-up rate of 92.9% (2,497/2,687). Of the 2,687 patients included, 21 (0.8%) experienced recurrence. Conclusion This nomogram, which integrates available preoperative clinicopathological features and intraoperative frozen biopsy outcomes, is a reliable tool with high accuracy to predict pCLN- in cN0 PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Shu
- Department of Endocrinology and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfeng Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daixing Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Denghui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinliang Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Hu MJ, Zhao HH, Li GA, Zhang HS, He JL, Huang F. Body mass index and weight gain after middle adulthood are associated with risk of papillary thyroid cancer: A case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 75:102039. [PMID: 34562748 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether weight change after middle adulthood influences the risk of thyroid cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the risk of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and body mass index (BMI) and weight change after middle adulthood (age 35). METHODS A matched case-control study based on three hospitals included 516 pairs of cases newly diagnosed with PTC and controls. Current height and weight after defecation in the morning were measured by trained nurses. During measurement, all subjects were requested to wear lightweight clothing and no shoes. Weight at age 35 was self-reported. BMI and weight change were modeled as continuous and categorical variables. Conditional and unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for the association between BMI and weight change after middle adulthood and PTC. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, measured BMI at the time of current diagnosis was positively associated with PTC (OR 1.16, 95%CI 1.10-1.21). According to WHO BMI guidelines for Asia-Pacific populations, the OR (95%CI) for PTC risk in obesity was 2.99 (1.92-4.67) compared to normal weight (p-trend <0.001). Moreover, PTC was positively associated with BMI at age 35; the OR (95%CI) for PTC risk per unit increase in BMI was 1.06 (1.02-1.11). Compared to stable weight (changed <0.5 kg/year), weight gain ≥1.0 kg/year after middle adulthood was positively associated with PTC (OR 2.57, 95%CI 1.39-4.76, p-trend <0.001). Compared to maintaining non-overweight status, the PTC risk was significantly increased in those individuals who gained weight and became overweight after middle adulthood (OR 3.82, 95%CI 2.50-5.85). CONCLUSION This study showed that high BMI and obesity were positively associated with increased risk of PTC, and weight gain after middle adulthood also could elevate the PTC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Ao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Han-Shuang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Liu He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China; Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Partial Versus Total Thyroidectomy: What Influences Most Surgeons' Decision? Analysis of a Nationwide Cohort of 375,810 Patients Over 10 Years. Ann Surg 2021; 274:829-835. [PMID: 34353991 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
National and international guidelines about thyroid surgery seem to be moving more and more towards less radical surgical procedures but everyday practice does not seem to always align with them. We describe for the first time the role of non-surgical parameters in the surgeon's choice for thyroid surgery. OBJECTIVE To describe thyroid surgery and to identify the factors leading to either a total or a partial thyroidectomy regardless of the severity of the thyroid disease. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA National and international guidelines about thyroid surgery seem to be moving more and more towards less radical surgical procedures but everyday practice does not seem to always align with them. METHODS We based this nationwide retrospective cohort study on a national database that compiles discharge abstracts for every admission for thyroidectomy to French acute healthcare facilities (PMSI database 2010 to 2019). RESULTS In this study, 375,810 patients (male: 23%; age = 53 ± 15 y) had a thyroidectomy (partial: 28%) for cancer (17%), hyperthyroidism (16%), non-functioning goiter (64%) or other (3%). We noticed a global trend toward more partial thyroidectomy (p < 0.001) with a significant increase in the proportion of lobectomy in the post-ATA recommendations' period (p < 0.001) as well as in the "French Levothyrox crisis" period, in which we saw an unexpected rise of adverse events notifications associated with the marketing of a new formula of Levothyrox (p < 0.001) amid widespread media coverage. In a multivariate analysis, we also identified that complete resection was more frequently performed in centers with a caseload > 40/y (p < 0.001, OR = 1.48), for obese patients (BMI> 30 kg/m2; p < 0.001, OR = 1.42), and according to the indication of surgery (OR benign = 1, OR cancer = 2.25, OR hyperthyroidism = 4.13). CONCLUSION We describe for the first time the role of non-surgical parameters in the surgeon's choice for thyroid surgery.
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Association of BMI with Clinicopathological Features of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World J Surg 2021; 45:2805-2815. [PMID: 34136926 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-021-06193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common subtype of thyroid cancer. The incidence of PTC is rising in tandem with an obesity epidemic. Associations have been demonstrated between increased body mass index (BMI) and worse oncological outcomes in a number of malignancies. However, research on this topic in PTC to date has been inconsistent, often due to limited data. This study aimed to measure the association between BMI and potentially adverse clinicopathological features of PTC. METHODS A meta-analysis of studies reporting outcomes after surgical treatment of PTC was performed. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically to identify studies which provided data on BMI and clinicopathologic features of PTC. Relevant data were extracted and synthesis performed using adjusted odds ratios where available and crude values when not. Data were analysed by inverse variance using random and fixed effects models. RESULTS Data on 35,237 patients from 15 studies met the criteria for inclusion. Obesity was associated with larger tumour size (MD = 0.17 cm [0.05, 0.29]), increased rates of multifocality (OR = 1.41 [1.16, 1.70]), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 1.70 [1.39, 2.07]) and nodal spread (OR = 1.18 [1.07, 1.30]). Associations were more pronounced as BMI increased. There was no association between BMI and bilaterality, vascular invasion or metastatic spread. CONCLUSION Increased BMI is significantly associated with multiple potentially adverse features of PTC. The effect on long-term oncological outcomes requires further evaluation.
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Argyrakopoulou G, Dalamaga M, Spyrou N, Kokkinos A. Gender Differences in Obesity-Related Cancers. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:100-115. [PMID: 33523397 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize the role of obesity in carcinogenesis, providing details on specific cancer sites. Special emphasis is given to gender differences in obesity-related cancers and on the effect of bariatric surgery on cancer risk. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence has highlighted the detrimental role of overweight/obesity in cancer, with almost 55% of cancers diagnosed in women and 24% diagnosed in men considered overweight- and obesity-related cancers. Sufficient data have shown that higher BMI is associated with risk of gynecologic malignancies (mainly breast and endometrial cancers) as well as cancers in sites such as the esophagus (adenocarcinoma), gastric cardia, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, thyroid gland, and multiple myeloma. The main mechanisms underlying this relationship include the insulin/IGF1 system, the effect of sex hormones, and adipocytokines. Marked differences may be seen in specific cancer sites when comparing men to women. There is a higher overall incidence of obesity-related cancers among females (endometrial, ovarian, and postmenopausal female breast cancers), whereas cancers that concern both sexes show a higher incidence in males, particularly esophageal adenocarcinoma (male to female ratio: 9: 1 in the USA). Additionally, bariatric surgery has provided evidence of lowering overall cancer risk in patients with morbid obesity. Interestingly, bariatric surgery may lower overall cancer risk in women within the first 5 years after surgery due to the reduced risk of breast and endometrial cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Obesity constitutes the base for marked metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory alterations, including increased cancer risk in both men and women. Implementation of early obesity prevention strategies could ameliorate the continuously increasing incidence of cancer attributed to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Argyrakopoulou
- Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Athens Medical Center, Distomou 5-7, Amaroussio, 15127, Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
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Monestime S, Beech B, Kermah D, Norris K. Prevalence and predictors of obesity-related cancers among racial/ethnic groups with metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249188. [PMID: 33826671 PMCID: PMC8026066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity-related cancer (ORC) is associated with higher amounts of body fat, which could increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). A significant factor associated with CVD is metabolic syndrome (MetS), and MetS prevalence differs by race/ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence and predictors of ORCs by race/ethnicity among adults (>18) with MetS. Methods This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study using data from the 1999–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A chi-square test was performed to determine differences in ORC prevalence between non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Hispanic participants with MetS. A multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors (race, sex, income, insurance, education, marital status, and smoking status) of ORC among adults with MetS. Results Of the 1,554 adults, the prevalence of ORC was 30.6% among NHWs, 51.3% in NHBs, and 54.1% in Hispanics (p = <0.001). Females were 6.27 times more likely to have an ORC compared to males (95% CI = 4.95–14.11). Compared to NHWs, NHBs were 2.1 times more likely to have an ORC (95% CI = 1.40–3.38); and Hispanics were 2.5 times more likely (95% CI = 1.39–4.77). For every 1-year unit increase in age, the odds of ORC increased by 3% (95% CI = 1.00–1.05). Conclusions Among NHANES participants with MetS, the prevalence of ORCs was significantly higher in NHBs and Hispanics, females, and older adults with MetS. Future studies, by race/ethnicity, are warranted on mortality risk of persons with MetS and ORC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanada Monestime
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bettina Beech
- University of Houston, College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dulcie Kermah
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Keith Norris
- UCLA Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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22
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Zhou Y, Yang Y, Zhou T, Li B, Wang Z. Adiponectin and Thyroid Cancer: Insight into the Association between Adiponectin and Obesity. Aging Dis 2021; 12:597-613. [PMID: 33815885 PMCID: PMC7990371 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the incidence and diagnosis of thyroid cancer have risen dramatically, and thyroid cancer has now become the most common endocrine cancer in the world. The onset of thyroid cancer is insidious, and its progression is slow and difficult to detect. Therefore, early prevention and treatment have important strategic significance. Moreover, an in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer is key to early prevention and treatment. Substantial evidence supports obesity as an independent risk factor for thyroid cancer. Adipose tissue dysfunction in the obese state is accompanied by dysregulation of a variety of adipocytokines. Adiponectin (APN) is one of the most pivotal adipocytokines, and its connection with obesity and obesity-related disease has gradually become a hot topic in research. Recently, the association between APN and thyroid cancer has received increasing attention. The purpose of this review is to systematically review previous studies, give prominence to APN, focus on the relationship between APN, obesity and thyroid cancer, and uncover the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,2Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, China
| | - Ying Yang
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Taicheng Zhou
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bai Li
- 3School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhanjian Wang
- 4Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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23
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Obesity and Overweight Are Associated with Minimal Extrathyroidal Extension, Multifocality and Bilaterality of Papillary Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050970. [PMID: 33801171 PMCID: PMC7957777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between high body mass index (BMI) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We assessed the clinical and histopathological features of PTC in patients with a higher BMI and compared them to analogous parameters in PTC patients with a normal BMI. We retrospectively analyzed 5021 medical records of patients admitted and surgically treated for thyroid tumors in one center between 2008 and 2018. Finally, we extracted data from 523 adult patients with PTC and stratified patients into two groups according to BMI: Group 1 with BMI < 25 kg/m2 and Group 2 with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Data stratification was performed to estimate the association of overweight and obesity with clinical and histopathological features of PTC in both univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses. Overall, compared to patients with a normal BMI, overweight and obese patients had a greater risk of minimal extrathyroidal extension (minimal ETE), multifocality and bilaterality of PTC (p < 0.001 for all). Analysis did not show that BMI was significantly associated with the more advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.894). Obesity and overweight were significantly associated with higher aggressiveness of PTC. When considering various management options for PTC patients, these findings regarding overweight and obesity should be taken into consideration during the decision-making process.
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24
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Liu M, Song J, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Peng J, Liang H, Wang C, Jiang J, Liu X, Wei W, Peng J, Liu S, Li Y, Xu N, Zhou D, Zhang Q, Zhang J. A case-control study on the association of mineral elements exposure and thyroid tumor and goiter. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111615. [PMID: 33396135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid tumor and thyroid goiter are prevalent disease around the world. In this case-control study, we investigated the association between exposure to a total of twelve mineral elements and thyroid disease as well as thyroid functions. Participants with thyroid tumor or goiter (N = 197) were matched with a healthy population (N = 197) by age (± 2 years old) and same sex. Questionnaires were used to collect data about the demographic characteristics and information of subjects. Serum and urine samples were collected simultaneously for each of the subjects. Mineral elements, iodine level of urine and levels of the total seven thyroid function indexes in serum were detected respectively. Conditional logistic regression was applied to estimate the associations between mineral elements and the risk of thyroid tumor and goiter through single-element models and multiple-element models. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate relationships between mineral elements and percentage changes of thyroid functions. Higher concentrations of mineral elements in the recruited population were found in this study than other comparable studies, and the levels of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se), antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl) and lead (Pb) in the case group were lower than the control group. According to the single-element models, Cr, Mn, Ni, Sb and Tl showed significant negative associations with the risk of thyroid tumor and goiter, and, Cd showed nonmonotonic dose response. Cd and mercury (Hg) showed a nonmonotonic percentage change with T4, while Tl was associated with the increased FT4 in the control group. Therefore, Cd, Hg and Tl may disturb the balance of thyroid function to some extent, and Cr, Mn, Ni, Cd, Sb, and Tl may become potential influencing factors for the risk of thyroid tumor and goiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiayi Song
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yousheng Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinling Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huiwen Liang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Ji Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Si Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | | | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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25
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Park JH, Choi M, Kim JH, Kim J, Han K, Kim B, Kim DH, Park YG. Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Thyroid 2020; 30:1496-1504. [PMID: 32524894 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: The association of metabolic syndrome and its components with the risk of thyroid cancer is unclear. Thus, we conducted a large-scale, nationwide, population-based, cohort study to investigate this relationship. Methods: We studied 9,890,917 adults without thyroid cancer from the Korean National Health Insurance health checkup database from January 1 to December 31, 2009. Individuals with at least three of the following five components were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome: abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, elevated blood pressure, and hyperglycemia. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate thyroid cancer risk. Results: During the average 7.2 years of follow-up, 77,133 thyroid cancer cases were newly identified. The thyroid cancer risk was higher in the metabolic syndrome group than in the nonmetabolic syndrome group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.15 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.13-1.17]). The association between metabolic syndrome and thyroid cancer risk was significant in the obese group (HR 1.10 [CI 1.07-1.13]) and not in the nonobese group (HR 1.002 [CI 0.98-1.03]). The effect of metabolic syndrome on the risk of thyroid cancer differs according to obesity (p for interaction = 0.017). People with all five components of metabolic syndrome had a 39% higher risk than those without any components (HR 1.39 [CI 1.33-1.44]). The higher risk of thyroid cancer in people with all five components was significant in the obese group (HR 1.29 [CI 1.21-1.38]), but not in the nonobese group (HR 1.06 [CI 0.98-1.14]). There was a significant interaction between the number of metabolic syndrome components and obesity (p for interaction <0.0001). For the combined effect of obesity and metabolic syndrome on the risk of thyroid cancer, obese men with metabolic syndrome had the highest risk of thyroid cancer compared with those without (HR 1.58 [CI 1.52-1.64]), but obese women with metabolic syndrome did not. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in the Korean general population. Metabolic syndrome had a more significant risk of thyroid cancer in the obese group. Metabolic syndrome and obesity were associated with a higher risk of thyroid cancer in men but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hyun Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonyoung Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsung Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we evaluate recent findings related to the association between obesity and thyroid cancer. RECENT FINDINGS During the last several decades, the prevalence of obesity and thyroid cancer have been increasing in parallel on a global scale. Current evidence suggests that the growing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is pathogenically linked to the spread of obesity, but the biological mechanisms that may explain this connection have been only partially described. Furthermore, unlike other tumors, data on the impacts of obesity on the aggressiveness of DTC and response to treatment of DTC remain conflicting. SUMMARY Emergent knowledge regarding the links between obesity and thyroid cancer suggests a relevant role for obesity as a risk factor for DTC, with no apparent impact on its aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Matrone
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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27
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Eissa MS, Abdellateif MS, Elesawy YF, Shaarawy S, Al-Jarhi UM. Obesity and Waist Circumference are Possible Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer: Correlation with Different Ultrasonography Criteria. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6077-6089. [PMID: 32801859 PMCID: PMC7382758 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s256268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity has an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer; however, there are no clear mechanisms explaining the association between obesity and risk of thyroid cancer (TC). Methods It is a cross-sectional study including 184 patients with benign thyroid nodules (BN) and 19 patients with TC. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist/hip (W/H) ratio were assessed and correlated to relevant clinico-pathological features of the patients, different ultra-sonographic (U/S) criteria and risk of malignancy. Results There was a significant increase in BMI, WC and W/H ratio in TC patients compared to BN group (P=0.001, 0.011 and 0.003). Increased BMI, WC and HC were associated significantly with solid nodules (P<0.05). WC increased in hypoechoic (103.1±15.4cm) and heterogeneous (103.8±16.7cm) nodules, compared to isoechoic (97.3±15.5cm) and hyperechoic (96.1±10cm) nodules (P=0.046). It also increased with lymph nodes enlargement (P=0.04). There was a significant association between WC and TIRADS classification (P=0.032), as it increased with TR4b (118.5 ± 12.9 cm) and TR5 (117.3 ± 13.9 cm) compared to TR2 (114.1 ± 15.7 cm, P=0.025 and 0.008, respectively). WC is an independent predictor for TC [OR: 1.092, CI: 1.020-1.170, P=0.012]. It achieved sensitivity, specificity and AUC (71.4%, 68.7% and 0.750; respectively), at a cutoff value of 108.5 cm (P=0.003), and when combined with BMI at a cutoff value of 32.59 (77.8% and 68.4%, respectively, AUC: 0.780, P<0.001). Conclusion Central adiposity is strongly associated with the risk of TC. WC is more superior to BMI when correlated with TIRADS classification and also is an independent predictor for TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S Eissa
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Abdellateif
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine F Elesawy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sabry Shaarawy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ula M Al-Jarhi
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Kwon H, Park SE, Yun JS, Park CY. Serum Adiponectin and Progranulin Level in Patients with Benign Thyroid Nodule or Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:396-406. [PMID: 32615724 PMCID: PMC7386120 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.35.2.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with thyroid cancer risk. Adiponectin has insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects, while progranulin is associated with inflammation and tumorigenesis. We investigated serum adiponectin and progranulin levels in patients with benign thyroid nodule (benign group) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC; PTC group). The associations between these levels and the clinicopathological features of PTC were evaluated. METHODS We included 157 patients who underwent thyroid surgery (17% of benign and 83% of PTC group). Clinicopathological features including size, lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), multifocality, American Thyroid Association risk stratification were evaluated. RESULTS The age was 42.0 years, and 69% were female. Serum adiponectin and progranulin levels were 6.3 μg/mL and 101.5 ng/mL in the benign group and 5.4 μg/mL and 106.1 ng/mL in the PTC group, respectively (P=0.6 and P=0.4, respectively). Serum adiponectin levels showed no significant differences according to clinicopathological features of PTC. The proportions of patients with primary tumor size >1 cm were 3%, 5%, 8%, and 8% according to serum progranulin level quartiles, respectively (P=0.03). The proportions of patients with microscopic/gross ETE were 8%/0%, 9%/1%, 11%/1%, and 11%/2% according to serum progranulin level quartiles, respectively. Median serum progranulin level was significantly higher in patients with PTC >1 cm than in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (P=0.04, 115.3 ng/mL and 104.7 ng/mL, respectively). CONCLUSION Serum adiponectin and progranulin levels showed no significant difference between benign and PTC groups. Increased serum progranulin levels were significantly associated with PTC >1 cm and microscopic and gross ETE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ji-Sup Yun
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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McCafferty BJ, Hill JO, Gunn AJ. Obesity: Scope, Lifestyle Interventions, and Medical Management. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 23:100653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvir.2020.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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More Than an Adipokine: The Complex Roles of Chemerin Signaling in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194778. [PMID: 31561459 PMCID: PMC6801800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is widely recognized as an adipokine, with diverse biological roles in cellular differentiation and metabolism, as well as a leukocyte chemoattractant. Research investigating the role of chemerin in the obesity-cancer relationship has provided evidence both for pro- and anti-cancer effects. The tumor-promoting effects of chemerin primarily involve direct effects on migration, invasion, and metastasis as well as growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Chemerin can also promote tumor growth via the recruitment of tumor-supporting mesenchymal stromal cells and stimulation of angiogenesis pathways in endothelial cells. In contrast, the majority of evidence supports that the tumor-suppressing effects of chemerin are immune-mediated and result in a shift from immunosuppressive to immunogenic cell populations within the tumor microenvironment. Systemic chemerin and chemerin produced within the tumor microenvironment may contribute to these effects via signaling through CMKLR1 (chemerin1), GPR1 (chemerin2), and CCLR2 on target cells. As such, inhibition or activation of chemerin signaling could be beneficial as a therapeutic approach depending on the type of cancer. Additional studies are required to determine if obesity influences cancer initiation or progression through increased adipose tissue production of chemerin and/or altered chemerin processing that leads to changes in chemerin signaling in the tumor microenvironment.
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