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Wang L, He Z, Fan S, Mo L, Li Y, Yuan X, Xu B, Mou Y, Yin Y. Quantitative analysis of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma and their relevance for prognosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113109. [PMID: 39255678 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a high malignant tumor with no effective treatment. To comprehensively characterize the landscape of immune cells in GBM and evaluate their correlation with prognosis, we developed a multispectral fluorescent imaging pipeline that included tumor-infiltrating lymphocytic markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, NKP46), immune checkpoint markers (PD-1, PD-L1), and markers to characterize myeloid cells (CD68, CD66b, CD163, HLA-DR), to spatially quantify 18 immune cell subsets in 21 GBM cases. We found that macrophages are the most abundant in GBM microenvironment, followed by T cells and neutrophils, while NK and NKT cells are the least. Previously unreported CD8+ Treg, PD-L1+ neutrophils, and high proportion of PD-1+ NK and PD-1+ T cells were also detected. Single high densities of PD-1+CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and PD-L1-expressing CD68+ cells were associated with longer survival. Moreover, closer proximity of T cells to PD-L1+ macrophages or PD-L1+ neutrophils were associated with poor prognosis. Correlative analysis revealed circulating PMN-MDSC and e-MDSC were positively correlated with intratumoral M2 macrophages, while circulating NK cells were inversely associated with infiltrating CD4+ Treg cells in GBM patients. Our findings highlighted the potential roles of infiltrating immune cells in prognosis prediction and developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenqiang He
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shuning Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Mo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yonggao Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yanhui Yin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Tone M, Iwahori K, Hirata M, Ueyama A, Tani A, Haruta JI, Takeda Y, Shintani Y, Kumanogoh A, Wada H. Tetracyclines enhance antitumor T-cell immunity via the Zap70 signaling pathway. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008334. [PMID: 38621815 PMCID: PMC11328671 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors is only effective for a limited population of patients with cancer. Therefore, the development of novel cancer immunotherapy is anticipated. In preliminary studies, we demonstrated that tetracyclines enhanced T-cell responses. Therefore, we herein investigated the efficacy of tetracyclines on antitumor T-cell responses by human peripheral T cells, murine models, and the lung tumor tissues of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with a focus on signaling pathways in T cells. METHODS The cytotoxicity of peripheral and lung tumor-infiltrated human T cells against tumor cells was assessed by using bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) technology (BiTE-assay system). The effects of tetracyclines on T cells in the peripheral blood of healthy donors and the tumor tissues of patients with NSCLC were examined using the BiTE-assay system in comparison with anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody, nivolumab. T-cell signaling molecules were analyzed by flow cytometry, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. To investigate the in vivo antitumor effects of tetracyclines, tetracyclines were administered orally to BALB/c mice engrafted with murine tumor cell lines, either in the presence or absence of anti-mouse CD8 inhibitors. RESULTS The results obtained revealed that tetracyclines enhanced antitumor T-cell cytotoxicity with the upregulation of granzyme B and increased secretion of interferon-γ in human peripheral T cells and the lung tumor tissues of patients with NSCLC. The analysis of T-cell signaling showed that CD69 in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was upregulated by minocycline. Downstream of T-cell receptor signaling, Zap70 phosphorylation and Nur77 were also upregulated by minocycline in the early phase after T-cell activation. These changes were not observed in T cells treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies under the same conditions. The administration of tetracyclines exhibited antitumor efficacy with the upregulation of CD69 and increases in tumor antigen-specific T cells in murine tumor models. These changes were canceled by the administration of anti-mouse CD8 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, tetracyclines enhanced antitumor T-cell immunity via Zap70 signaling. These results will contribute to the development of novel cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tone
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kota Iwahori
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michinari Hirata
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Biopharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Azumi Ueyama
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Biopharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Tani
- Compound Library Screening Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Haruta
- Lead Explorating Units, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Murakami H, Takahama S, Akita H, Kobayashi S, Masuta Y, Nagatsuka Y, Higashiguchi M, Tomokuni A, Yoshida K, Takahashi H, Doki Y, Eguchi H, Matsuura N, Yamamoto T. Circulating tumor-associated antigen-specific IFNγ +4-1BB + CD8 + T cells as peripheral biomarkers of treatment outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363568. [PMID: 38550601 PMCID: PMC10972947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells affect the outcomes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Using tissue samples at pre-treatment to monitor the immune response is challenging, while blood samples are beneficial in overcoming this limitation. In this study, we measured peripheral antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses against four different tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in PDAC using flow cytometry and investigated their relationships with clinical features. We analyzed the optimal timing within the treatment course for effective immune checkpoint inhibition in vitro. We demonstrated that the frequency of TAA-specific IFNγ+4-1BB+ CD8+ T cells was correlated with a fold reduction in CA19-9 before and after neoadjuvant therapy. Moreover, patients with TAA-specific IFNγ+4-1BB+ CD8+ T cells after surgery exhibited a significantly improved disease-free survival. Anti-PD-1 treatment in vitro increased the frequency of TAA-specific IFNγ+4-1BB+ CD8+ T cells before neoadjuvant therapy in patients, suggesting the importance of the timing of anti-PD-1 inhibition during the treatment regimen. Our results indicate that peripheral immunophenotyping, combined with highly sensitive identification of TAA-specific responses in vitro as well as detailed CD8+ T cell subset profiling via ex vivo analysis, may serve as peripheral biomarkers to predict treatment outcomes and therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotomo Murakami
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shokichi Takahama
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Next-Generation Precision Medicine Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Masuta
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Nagatsuka
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Higashiguchi
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Tomokuni
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yoshida
- Next-Generation Precision Medicine Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nariaki Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Next-Generation Precision Medicine Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Aging and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Schumacher M, Beer S, Moraes Ribeiro E, Korkmaz F, Keppeler H, Fitzel R, Erkner E, Radszuweit P, Lengerke C, Schneidawind C, Hoefert S, Mauz PS, Schneidawind D. Treatment response of advanced HNSCC towards immune checkpoint inhibition is associated with an activated effector memory T cell phenotype. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1333640. [PMID: 38515578 PMCID: PMC10955476 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1333640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with a poor prognosis. The introduction of PD-1 inhibitors has led to a significant improvement in survival, but only a subpopulation of patients responds to therapy. Current biomarkers cannot reliably identify these patients. The identification of biomarkers for the prediction and monitoring of immunotherapy is therefore of great importance. In this study, we characterized lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients under PD-1 inhibition. Patients with primary response (n=11) to PD-1 inhibition showed an increase of the CD3+ effector memory (CD3/EM) population and an elevated expression of the activation marker CD69 in CD3+ T cells, particularly in the CD3/EM subpopulation at 3 months when treatment response was assessed. In contrast, patients with primary treatment failure and progressive disease (n=9) despite PD-1 inhibition had lower absolute lymphocyte counts and an increased expression of CTLA-4 in CD3+ T cells at the time of treatment failure compared with baseline, particularly in CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory populations. Our results demonstrate that HNSCC patients' response to immune checkpoint inhibition shows a distinct immune signature in peripheral blood, which could help identify refractory patients earlier. Furthermore, strategies to overcome primary therapy failure by inducing a beneficial T cell phenotype or adding alternative immune checkpoint inhibitors could improve response rates and survival of HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schumacher
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sina Beer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Moraes Ribeiro
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fulya Korkmaz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hildegard Keppeler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rahel Fitzel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Estelle Erkner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pia Radszuweit
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corina Schneidawind
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Hoefert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Head and Neck Cancer Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Stefan Mauz
- Head and Neck Cancer Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneidawind
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Head and Neck Cancer Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Lao J, Xu H, Liang Z, Luo C, Shu L, Xie Y, Wu Y, Hao Y, Yuan Y. Peripheral changes in T cells predict efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152391. [PMID: 37167681 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies has brought great benefits to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Nevertheless, not all patients respond to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. This study aimed to find response markers to predict efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in NSCLC patients. 80 patients with NSCLC who would accept anti-PD-1 immunotherapy were recruited, and peripheral blood was obtained before and after treatment. Flow cytometry was used to detect proportions of circulating cell subsets and expression of co-stimulatory molecules, co-inhibitory molecules and cytokines in T cells from pre- and post-treatment patients. Results showed that proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, NK, γδT and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells were higher and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were lower in responders (n = 50) after treatment but no obvious difference was found in non-responders (n = 30). After treatment, responders showed an increase in the frequency of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, as well as the production of cytokines in T cells. This study indicates that monitoring the alterations of immune markers in circulating cells from NSCLC patients may be helpful to discriminate responders and non-responders, which provides a potential novel way to assess efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanfeng Lao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Huiting Xu
- Center for Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Zibin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519020, China
| | - Changliang Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Liuyang Shu
- Department of Medical Oncology I, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Research Center of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Yuping Xie
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519020, China
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Center for Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Yanrong Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology I, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Research Center of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China.
| | - Yulin Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China.
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Sesti F, Puliani G, Feola T, Campolo F, Sciarra F, Hasenmajer V, Lenzi A, Faggiano A, Isidori AM, Venneri MA, Giannetta E. Characterization of circulating immune cells and correlation with Tie2/Angiopoietins level in well differentiated neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors: a cross-sectional analysis. Endocrine 2023; 80:221-230. [PMID: 36509928 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immune environment represents a new, but little explored, tool for understanding neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) behavior. An immunosuppressed microenvironment is hypothesized to promote NENs progression. A missing profiling of circulating leukocyte and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) subpopulations would open new perspectives in the still limited diagnostic-therapeutic management of NENs. METHODS A cross-sectional case-control pilot study was performed recruiting 30 consecutive subjects: 15 patients naïve to treatment, with histologically proven gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and 15 healthy controls, matched for age and sex. PBMCs subpopulations were studied by flow cytometry. Soluble Tie2 (sTie2), Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS Immune cell profiling revealed a significant lower CD3-CD56+ natural killer (NK) cell count in NETs vs controls (p = 0.04). NK subset analysis showed a reduced relative count of CD56+CD16+ NK cells (p =0.002) in NETs vs controls. Patients with NET showed a higher percentage of CD14+CD16++ non-classical monocytes (p = 0.01), and a lower percentage of CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes (p = 0.04). A decrease in percentage (p = 0.004) of CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes was found in NET patients. Evaluation of cellular and serum angiopoietin pathway mediators revealed in NET patients a higher relative count of Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) (p < 0.001), and high levels of Ang-1 (p = 0.003) and Ang-2 (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Patients with GEP-NET presented an immunosuppressed environment characterized by a low count of cytotoxic NK cells, a high count of anti-inflammatory non-classical monocytes, and a low count of T-helper lymphocytes. Higher levels of TEMs and angiopoietins suggest a crosstalk between innate immunity and angiogenic pathways in NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Puliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - T Feola
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology, Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - F Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - V Hasenmajer
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Faggiano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M A Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - E Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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7
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Maniar R, Wang PH, Washburn RS, Kratchmarov R, Coley SM, Saqi A, Pan SS, Hu J, Shu CA, Rizvi NA, Henick BS, Reiner SL. Self-Renewing CD8+ T-cell Abundance in Blood Associates with Response to Immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:164-170. [PMID: 36512052 PMCID: PMC9898128 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) often fails to elicit durable antitumor immunity. Recent studies suggest that ICB does not restore potency to terminally dysfunctional T cells, but instead drives proliferation and differentiation of self-renewing progenitor T cells into fresh, effector-like T cells. Antitumor immunity catalyzed by ICB is characterized by mobilization of antitumor T cells in systemic circulation and tumor. To address whether abundance of self-renewing T cells in blood is associated with immunotherapy response, we used flow cytometry of peripheral blood from a cohort of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with ICB. At baseline, expression of T-cell factor 1 (TCF1), a marker of self-renewing T cells, was detected at higher frequency in effector-memory (CCR7-) CD8+ T cells from patients who experienced durable clinical benefit compared to those with primary resistance to ICB. On-treatment blood samples from patients benefiting from ICB also exhibited a greater frequency of TCF1+CCR7-CD8+ T cells and higher proportions of TCF1 expression in treatment-expanded PD-1+CCR7-CD8+ T cells. The observed correlation of TCF1 frequency in CCR7-CD8+ T cells and response to ICB suggests that broader examination of self-renewing T-cell abundance in blood will determine its potential as a noninvasive, predictive biomarker of response and resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Maniar
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter H. Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert S. Washburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Radomir Kratchmarov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Shana M. Coley
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY; USA
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY; USA
| | - Samuel S. Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University; New York, NY; USA
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University; New York, NY; USA
| | - Catherine A. Shu
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Naiyer A. Rizvi
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian S. Henick
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven L. Reiner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York, NY, USA
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8
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Peripheral T cell cytotoxicity predicts the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17461. [PMID: 36261600 PMCID: PMC9582215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) therapy exerts beneficial effects in a limited population of cancer patients. Therefore, more accurate diagnostics to predict the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy are desired. The present study investigated whether peripheral T cell cytotoxicity predicts the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Advanced NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) were consecutively enrolled in the present study. Peripheral blood samples were subjected to an analysis of peripheral T cell cytotoxicity and flow cytometry prior to the initiation of anti-PD-1 therapy. Peripheral T cell cytotoxicity was assessed using bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) technology. We found that progression-free survival was significantly longer in patients with high peripheral T cell cytotoxicity (p = 0.0094). In the multivariate analysis, treatment line and peripheral T cell cytotoxicity were independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival. The analysis of T cell profiles revealed that peripheral T cell cytotoxicity correlated with the ratio of the effector memory population in CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the results of flow cytometry showed that the peripheral CD45RA+CD25+/CD4+ T cell ratio was higher in patients with than in those without severe adverse events (p = 0.0076). These results indicated that the peripheral T cell cytotoxicity predicted the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy for advanced NSCLC patients.
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9
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Ji F, Chen L, Chen Z, Luo B, Wang Y, Lan X. TCR repertoire and transcriptional signatures of circulating tumour-associated T cells facilitate effective non-invasive cancer detection. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e853. [PMID: 36134717 PMCID: PMC9494610 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fansen Ji
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,General Surgery Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhuo Chen
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Luo
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongwang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xun Lan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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10
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Valančiūtė A, Mathieson L, O’Connor RA, Scott JI, Vendrell M, Dorward DA, Akram AR, Dhaliwal K. Phototherapeutic Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death and CD8+ T Cell-Granzyme B Mediated Cytolysis in Human Lung Cancer Cells and Organoids. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4119. [PMID: 36077656 PMCID: PMC9454585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Augmenting T cell mediated tumor killing via immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD) is the cornerstone of emerging immunotherapeutic approaches. We investigated the potential of methylene blue photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) to induce ICD in human lung cancer. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and primary human lung cancer organoids were evaluated in co-culture killing assays with MB-PDT and light emitting diodes (LEDs). ICD was characterised using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Phototherapy with MB treatment and low energy LEDs decreased the proliferation of NSCLC cell lines inducing early necrosis associated with reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl2 and increased expression of ICD markers, calreticulin (CRT), intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) in NSCLC cells. MB-PDT also potentiated CD8+ T cell-mediated cytolysis of lung cancer via granzyme B in lung cancer cells and primary human lung cancer organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Valančiūtė
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Layla Mathieson
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Richard A. O’Connor
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jamie I. Scott
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David A. Dorward
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Ahsan R. Akram
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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11
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Nelli F, Panichi V, Fabbri A, Natoni F, Giannarelli D, Topini G, Virtuoso A, Giron Berrios JR, Marrucci E, Pessina G, Silvestri MA, Ruggeri EM. Dynamic Changes of Peripheral NK Cells Predict Outcome in Patients with PD-L1 Positive Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as Second-line Therapy. Cancer Invest 2022; 40:710-721. [PMID: 35736808 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2092635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated immune cell frequencies in peripheral blood samples of 41 NSCLC patients before and after second-line therapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents. Changes in lymphocyte subsets and their correlation with clinical response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. We observed an increase in median values of all lymphocyte subsets, being significant only for NK cells. A correlation was retrieved between higher post-treatment NK cell level and clinical benefit. On multivariate analysis, PD-L1 tumor proportion score ≥1% and higher post-treatment NK cell counts were predictive of longer PFS and OS. Co-presence of these factors was characterized by longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Nelli
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Valentina Panichi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Flow Cytometry, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Agnese Fabbri
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Federica Natoni
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Molecular Biology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistics Unit, Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Topini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Flow Cytometry, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antonella Virtuoso
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Marrucci
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gloria Pessina
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Molecular Biology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Silvestri
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Flow Cytometry, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Enzo Maria Ruggeri
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
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12
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Noguchi Y, Yamamoto Y, Iwahori K, Matsumoto M, Hirata M, Okuyama H, Shintani Y, Kumanogoh A, Wada H. Tetracyclines Enhance Anti-tumor T-Cell Responses Induced by a Bispecific T-Cell Engager. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:429-437. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Noguchi
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Kota Iwahori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Mitsunobu Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Michinari Hirata
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
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13
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Effect of non-repetitive linker on in vitro and in vivo properties of an anti-VEGF scFv. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5449. [PMID: 35361822 PMCID: PMC8971466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Single chain antibody fragments (scFvs) are favored in diagnostic and therapeutic fields thanks to their small size and the availability of various engineering approaches. Linker between variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains of scFv covalently links these domains and it can affect scFv’s bio-physical/chemical properties and in vivo activity. Thus, scFv linker design is important for a successful scFv construction, and flexible linkers are preferred for a proper pairing of VH–VL. The flexibility of the linker is determined by length and sequence content and glycine-serine (GS) linkers are commonly preferred for scFvs based on their highly flexible profiles. Despite the advantage of this provided flexibility, GS linkers carry repeated sequences which can cause problems for PCR-based engineering approaches and immunogenicity. Here, two different linkers, a repetitive GS linker and an alternative non-repetitive linker with similar flexibility but lower immunogenicity are employed to generate anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor scFvs derived from bevacizumab. Our findings highlight a better in vitro profile of the non-repetitive linker such as a higher monomer ratio, higher thermal stability while there was no significant difference in in vivo efficacy in a zebrafish embryonic angiogenesis model. This is the first study to compare in vivo efficacy of scFvs with different linkers in a zebrafish model.
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14
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Molinaro AM, Wiencke JK, Warrier G, Koestler DC, Chunduru P, Lee JY, Hansen HM, Lee S, Anguiano J, Rice T, Bracci PM, McCoy L, Salas LA, Christensen BC, Wrensch M, Kelsey KT, Taylor JW, Clarke JL. Interactions of Age and Blood Immune Factors and Noninvasive Prediction of Glioma Survival. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:446-457. [PMID: 34597382 PMCID: PMC8902347 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-based classification of human glioma portends patient prognosis, but considerable unexplained survival variability remains. Host factors (eg, age) also strongly influence survival times, partly reflecting a compromised immune system. How blood epigenetic measures of immune characteristics and age augment molecular classifications in glioma survival has not been investigated. We assess the prognostic impact of immune cell fractions and epigenetic age in archived blood across glioma molecular subtypes for the first time. METHODS We evaluated immune cell fractions and epigenetic age in archived blood from the University of California San Francisco Adult Glioma Study, which included a training set of 197 patients with IDH-wild type, 1p19q intact, TERT wild type (IDH/1p19q/TERT-WT) glioma, an evaluation set of 350 patients with other subtypes of glioma, and 454 patients without glioma. RESULTS IDH/1p19q/TERT-WT patients had lower lymphocyte fractions (CD4+ T, CD8+ T, natural killer, and B cells) and higher neutrophil fractions than people without glioma. Recursive partitioning analysis delineated 4 statistically significantly different survival groups for patients with IDH/1p19q/TERT-WT based on an interaction between chronological age and 2 blood immune factors, CD4+ T cells, and neutrophils. Median overall survival ranged from 0.76 years (95% confidence interval = 0.55-0.99) for the worst survival group (n = 28) to 9.72 years (95% confidence interval = 6.18 to not available) for the best (n = 33). The recursive partitioning analysis also statistically significantly delineated 4 risk groups in patients with other glioma subtypes. CONCLUSIONS The delineation of different survival groups in the training and evaluation sets based on an interaction between chronological age and blood immune characteristics suggests that common host immune factors among different glioma types may affect survival. The ability of DNA methylation-based markers of immune status to capture diverse, clinically relevant information may facilitate noninvasive, personalized patient evaluation in the neuro-oncology clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gayathri Warrier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Pranathi Chunduru
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joaquin Anguiano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucie McCoy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Departments of Molecular and Systems Biology and Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Departments of Epidemiology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennie W Taylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Clarke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Wang JJ, Siu MKY, Jiang YX, Leung THY, Chan DW, Wang HG, Ngan HYS, Chan KKL. A Combination of Glutaminase Inhibitor 968 and PD-L1 Blockade Boosts the Immune Response against Ovarian Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121749. [PMID: 34944392 PMCID: PMC8698585 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) blockade has been used therapeutically in the treatment of ovarian cancer, and potential combination treatment approaches are under investigation to improve the treatment response rate. The increased dependence on glutamine is widely observed in various type of tumors, including ovarian cancer. Kidney-type glutaminase (GLS), as one of the isotypes of glutaminase, is found to promote tumorigenesis. Here, we have demonstrated that the combined treatment with GLS inhibitor 968 and PD-L1 blockade enhances the immune response against ovarian cancer. Survival analysis using the Kaplan–Meier plotter dataset from ovarian cancer patients revealed that the expression level of GLS predicts poor survival and correlates with the immunosuppressive microenvironment of ovarian cancer. 968 inhibits the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells and enhances granzyme B secretion by CD8+ T cells as detected by XTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, 968 enhances the apoptosis-inducing ability of CD8+ T cells toward cancer cells and improves the treatment effect of anti-PD-L1 in treating ovarian cancer as assessed by Annexin V apoptosis assay. In vivo studies demonstrated the prolonged overall survival upon combined treatment of 968 with anti-PD-L1 accompanied by increased granzyme B secretion by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from ovarian tumor xenografts. Additionally, 968 increases the infiltration of CD3+ T cells into tumors, possibly through enhancing the secretion of CXCL10 and CXCL11 by tumor cells. In conclusion, our findings provide a novel insight into ovarian cancer cells influence the immune system in the tumor microenvironment and highlight the potential clinical implication of combination of immune checkpoints with GLS inhibitor 968 in treating ovarian cancer.
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16
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Watson RA, Tong O, Cooper R, Taylor CA, Sharma PK, de Los Aires AV, Mahé EA, Ruffieux H, Nassiri I, Middleton MR, Fairfax BP. Immune checkpoint blockade sensitivity and progression-free survival associates with baseline CD8 + T cell clone size and cytotoxicity. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabj8825. [PMID: 34597125 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abj8825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Watson
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.,MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Orion Tong
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rosalin Cooper
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Chelsea A Taylor
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Piyush K Sharma
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alba Verge de Los Aires
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Elise A Mahé
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Hélène Ruffieux
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Isar Nassiri
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Mark R Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.,Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Benjamin P Fairfax
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.,Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
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17
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Yokouchi H, Nishihara H, Harada T, Amano T, Ohkuri T, Yamazaki S, Kikuchi H, Oizumi S, Uramoto H, Tanaka F, Harada M, Akie K, Sugaya F, Fujita Y, Takamura K, Kojima T, Higuchi M, Honjo O, Minami Y, Watanabe N, Nishimura M, Suzuki H, Dosaka-Akita H, Isobe H. Prognostic significance of OX40 + lymphocytes in tumor stroma of surgically resected small-cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1971430. [PMID: 34552823 PMCID: PMC8451465 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1971430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OX40 (CD134) is a co-stimulatory molecule mostly expressed on activated T lymphocytes. Previous reports have shown that OX40 can be an immuno-oncology target and a clinical biomarker for cancers of various organs. In this study, we collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 124 patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) who had undergone surgery. We analyzed the expression profiles of OX40 and other relevant molecules, such as CD4, CD8, and Foxp3, in tumor stroma and cancer nest using immunohistochemistry and investigated their association with survival. High infiltration of OX40+ lymphocytes (OX40high) in tumor stroma was positively associated with relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with low infiltration of OX40+ lymphocytes (OX40low) (RFS, median, 26.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI), not reached (NR)–NR] vs 13.2 months [9.1–17.2], p = .024; OS, NR [95% CI, NR–NR] vs 29.8 months [21.3–38.2], p = .049). Multivariate analysis revealed that OX40high in tumor stroma was an independent indicator of prolonged RFS. Moreover, RFS of patients with OX40high/CD4high in tumor stroma was significantly longer than that of patients with OX40low/CD4low. The RFS of patients with tumor stroma with OX40high/CD8high was significantly longer than that of patients with tumor stroma with OX40low/CD8high, OX40high/CD8low, or OX40low/CD8low. These findings suggest that OX40+ lymphocytes in tumor stroma play a complementary role in regulating the relapse of early-stage SCLC. Reinforcing immunity by coordinating the recruitment of OX40+ lymphocytes with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor stroma may constitute a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yokouchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Translational Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Harada
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, JCHO Hokkaido Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toraji Amano
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohkuri
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yamazaki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kikuchi
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Obihiro-Kosei General Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oizumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Second Department of Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kita-kyushu, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Tanaka
- Second Department of Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kita-kyushu, Japan
| | - Masao Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Akie
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Sugaya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuka Fujita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Asahikawa Medical Center, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kei Takamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Obihiro-Kosei General Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kojima
- Department of Medical Oncology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Higuchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fukushima Red Cross Hospital, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aizu Medical Center, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Osamu Honjo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sapporo-Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sapporo Minami Sanjo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Minami
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naomi Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Sunagawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nishimura
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Isobe
- Department of Medical Oncology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
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18
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Wang L, Li L, Li Y, Huang C, Lian R, Wu T, Ma J, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Diao L, Zeng Y. A History of Endometriosis Is Associated With Decreased Peripheral NK Cytotoxicity and Increased Infiltration of Uterine CD68 + Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711231. [PMID: 34531861 PMCID: PMC8438297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with endometriosis may have a defective immune system. However, evidence of the immune responses of endometriosis patients with a history of endometriosis surgery is lacking, and the association between the location of endometriosis lesions and immune responses is unclear. This retrospective study included 117 females with reproductive failure and a history of endometriosis and 200 females with reproductive failure but without endometriosis to analyze their endometrial and peripheral immune responses. The results show that endometriosis was associated with decreased peripheral natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity and increased uterine macrophages. Peripheral NK cytotoxicity at effector-to-target ratios of 25:1 and 50:1 was significantly reduced in women with a history of endometriosis from that of the control group (26.6% versus 33.3% and 36.1% versus 43.3%, respectively, both P < 0.001). Furthermore, after further division of patients into three subgroups according to the location of endometriosis lesions, we observed that NK cytotoxicity in the endometriosis subgroups, especially the mixed endometriosis group, was strongly decreased from that of the controls (P = 0.001). The endometrial CD68+ macrophage proportion in the mixed endometriosis subgroup was higher than that in the control group (2.8% versus 2.1%, P = 0.043). In addition, the baseline estradiol (E2) level was weakly correlated with the percentage of endometrial macrophages (r = 0.251, P = 0.009), indicating a potential association among the endocrine system, endometrial immune environment, and endometriosis. This study indicated that peripheral NK cytotoxicity and endometrial immune cell profiles could be useful for diagnosing and treating endometriosis and endometriosis-related reproductive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuye Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunyu Huang
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Ruochun Lian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tonghua Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianghui Diao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Dart SJ, Cook AM, Millward MJ, McDonnell AM, Chin WL, Hakeem MU, Meniawy TM, Bowyer SE. Changes in expression of PD-L1 on peripheral T cells in patients with melanoma and lung cancer treated with PD-1 inhibitors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15312. [PMID: 34321489 PMCID: PMC8319434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer immunology have increased the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice, however not all patients respond, and treatment can have severe side-effects. Blood-based immunological biomarkers are an attractive method for predicting which patients will respond to therapy, however, reliable biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade are lacking. This study aimed to identify patients before or early in treatment who would best respond to PD-1 inhibitors. We hypothesised that higher baseline PD-L1 and/or PD-1 on peripheral blood T cells could predict radiological response to PD-1 inhibitors. This pilot prospective cohort study assessed 26 patients with melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer, treated with pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or nivolumab/ipilimumab combined. Response was assessed by RECIST 1.1. Peripheral blood lymphocytes collected at baseline, after one cycle, 10 weeks and at discontinuation of therapy were analysed by flow cytometry. Patients with a higher proportion of PD-L1+ T cells at baseline had improved objective response to PD-1 inhibitor therapy, and patients with a lower proportion of regulatory T cells at baseline experienced more immune-related adverse events. These findings may prove useful to assist in clinical decision making. Further studies with larger cohorts are required to validate these findings.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Ipilimumab/administration & dosage
- Ipilimumab/adverse effects
- Ipilimumab/pharmacology
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nivolumab/administration & dosage
- Nivolumab/adverse effects
- Nivolumab/pharmacology
- Nivolumab/therapeutic use
- Pilot Projects
- Progression-Free Survival
- Prospective Studies
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Dart
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alistair M Cook
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Michael J Millward
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alison M McDonnell
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wee L Chin
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Muhammad U Hakeem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tarek M Meniawy
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Samantha E Bowyer
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
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20
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Kaiser M, Semeraro MD, Herrmann M, Absenger G, Gerger A, Renner W. Immune Aging and Immunotherapy in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7016. [PMID: 34209842 PMCID: PMC8269421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune functions decline as we age, while the incidence of cancer rises. The advent of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has not only revolutionized cancer therapy, but also spawned great interest in identifying predictive biomarkers, since only one third of patients show treatment response. The aging process extensively affects the adaptive immune system and thus T cells, which are the main target of ICB. In this review, we address age-related changes regarding the adaptive immune system with a focus on T cells and their implication on carcinogenesis and ICB. Differences between senescence, exhaustion, and anergy are defined and current knowledge, treatment strategies, and studies exploring T cell aging as a biomarker for ICB are discussed. Finally, novel approaches to improve immunotherapies and to identify biomarkers of response to ICB are presented and their potential is assessed in a comparative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kaiser
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.D.S.); (M.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Maria Donatella Semeraro
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.D.S.); (M.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.D.S.); (M.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Gudrun Absenger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Wilfried Renner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.D.S.); (M.H.); (W.R.)
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21
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Lai JZ, Zhu YY, Liu Y, Zhou LL, Hu L, Chen L, Zhang QY. Abscopal Effects of Local Radiotherapy Are Dependent on Tumor Immunogenicity. Front Oncol 2021; 11:690188. [PMID: 34249740 PMCID: PMC8264447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.690188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although abscopal tumor regression remains a rare phenomenon, interest in exploiting how radiation stimulates the immune system to induce systemic abscopal response is increasing. Here, we tested the hypothesis that tumor immunogenicity determined the ability of radiotherapy to induce abscopal effects. We established highly (MC-38 and E.G7-OVA) or poorly (LL/2 and B16-F10) immunogenic tumor models in this study and treated them with sham radiation, a single dose of 15 Gy, or three fractions of 5 Gy on three consecutive days. Alterations in the tumor microenvironment after radiation were examined by flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. Our results demonstrated the positive correlation between tumor immunogenicity and the abscopal effect of radiotherapy. The single dose of 15 Gy radiation was an effective regimen for inducing abscopal effects in highly immunogenic tumors. Local radiation reshaped the tumor microenvironment of irradiated and non-irradiated distant tumors by increasing CD8 T-cell infiltration and reducing suppressive immune cell accumulation. However, radiation alone was insufficient to elicit abscopal effects in poorly immunogenic tumors. No significant alterations were detected in the non-irradiated distant tumor microenvironment after radiation of poorly immunogenic tumors. In addition, tumor immunogenic subtypes were associated with the radiological response and clinical outcome of patients receiving radiotherapy. These findings indicated that tumor immunogenicity was the dominant characteristic that could predict the abscopal effect of radiotherapy. Our study provides an in-depth understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in abscopal effects and highlights the impact of tumor heterogeneity on the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy and their combination with immunotherapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhi Lai
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yang Zhu
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhou
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Hu
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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22
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Wang J, Bie Z, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Nie X, Zhang P, Cheng G, Di X, Li X, Cheng S, Feng L. Prognostic value of the baseline circulating T cell receptor β chain diversity in advanced lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1899609. [PMID: 33796410 PMCID: PMC7993185 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1899609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An indicator for systemic evaluation of the adaptive immune status is lacking. Peripheral blood is important in antitumour immunity, and the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity is key for effective immunity. This study aimed to investigate changes in the circulating T cell receptor β chain (TCRB) diversity during the first few (1 ~ 4) treatment cycles and its clinical value in patients with advanced lung cancer. TCRB-enriched sequencing data combined with transcriptomic RNA sequencing data of peripheral blood leukocytes were obtained from 72 patients with advanced lung cancer before and after targeted therapy or chemotherapy. Changes in the circulating TCRB diversity during treatment and the relationship of the baseline circulating TCRB diversity with prognosis and therapeutic effects were evaluated. We found that targeted therapy or chemotherapy did not significantly affect the T lymphocyte composition or circulating TCRB diversity (3.83 vs 3.74, T-test, p = .16) in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) during the first few treatment cycles. The higher circulating TCRB diversity was linked to improved therapeutic effects (T-test, p = .00083) in LUAD patients receiving targeted therapy. Higher baseline circulating TCRB diversity was associated with better prognosis. In addition, a five-factor prognostic risk score model was built for more accurate prognosis prediction for LUAD patients. The chemotherapeutic agents for advanced lung cancer do not significantly affect adaptive immune function over the first few treatment cycles. The circulating TCRB diversity reflects the adaptive immunological repertoire and might be a convenient indicator for evaluating the adaptive immune status and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Bie
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebing Di
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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23
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Baseline effector cells predict response and NKT cells predict pulmonary toxicity in advanced breast cancer patients treated with everolimus and exemestane. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107404. [PMID: 33524804 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mTOR inhibitor everolimus used in cancer has immune-modulating effects, potentially contributing to an antitumor response but also leading to pulmonary toxicity. We studied the association of immunological cell subsets with antitumor response and pulmonary toxicity in breast cancer patients treated with everolimus plus exemestane. METHODS In this exploratory analysis, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at baseline and 14, 35, 60, and 90 days after start of treatment, and at the moment of pulmonary toxicity. The percentage and absolute number of T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells, monocytes and numerous subtypes were measured in peripheral blood using flow cytometric analysis and were compared using a (paired) t-test. RESULTS From 20 patients, a total of 89 samples were collected. At baseline, responders versus non-responders had 0.86% versus 0.32% CD4+ effector cells (CD45RA+CD27-) (p = 0.1266) and non-response could be predicted with 0.71 sensitivity and 0.82 specificity. Patients who developed pulmonary toxicity compared to patients without pulmonary toxicity had relatively more NKT-cells at baseline (6.0% versus 1.3%, p = 0.0068, 59 k versus 12 k * 109/l, p = 0.0081) and at the moment of toxicity (5.2% versus 1.2%, p = 0.0106 and 47 k versus 16 k * 109/l, p = 0.0466). Baseline percentage NKT cells predicted pulmonary toxicity with 0.78 sensitivity and 1.0 specificity. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that baseline CD4+ effector cells may be predictive of antitumor responses and baseline NKT cells may be predictive of pulmonary toxicity. These results warrant further validation.
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24
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Fattori S, Gorvel L, Granjeaud S, Rochigneux P, Rouvière MS, Ben Amara A, Boucherit N, Paul M, Dauplat MM, Thomassin-Piana J, Paciencia-Gros M, Avenin M, Pakradouni J, Barrou J, Charafe-Jauffret E, Houvenaeghel G, Lambaudie E, Bertucci F, Goncalves A, Tarpin C, Nunès JA, Devillier R, Chretien AS, Olive D. Quantification of Immune Variables from Liquid Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients Links Vδ2 + γδ T Cell Alterations with Lymph Node Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:441. [PMID: 33503843 PMCID: PMC7865589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The rationale for therapeutic targeting of Vδ2+ γδ T cells in breast cancer is strongly supported by in vitro and murine preclinical investigations, characterizing them as potent breast tumor cell killers and source of Th1-related cytokines, backing cytotoxic αβ T cells. Nonetheless, insights regarding Vδ2+ γδ T cell phenotypic alterations in human breast cancers are still lacking. This paucity of information is partly due to the challenging scarcity of these cells in surgical specimens. αβ T cell phenotypic alterations occurring in the tumor bed are detectable in the periphery and correlate with adverse clinical outcomes. Thus, we sought to determine through an exploratory study whether Vδ2+ γδ T cells phenotypic changes can be detected within breast cancer patients' peripheral blood, along with association with tumor progression. By using mass cytometry, we quantified 130 immune variables from untreated breast cancer patients' peripheral blood. Supervised analyses and dimensionality reduction algorithms evidenced circulating Vδ2+ γδ T cell phenotypic alterations already established at diagnosis. Foremost, terminally differentiated Vδ2+ γδ T cells displaying phenotypes of exhausted senescent T cells associated with lymph node involvement. Thereby, our results support Vδ2+ γδ T cells implication in breast cancer pathogenesis and progression, besides shedding light on liquid biopsies to monitor surrogate markers of tumor-infiltrating Vδ2+ γδ T cell antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Fattori
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.F.); (L.G.); (P.R.); (M.-S.R.); (A.B.A.); (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.A.N.); (R.D.)
- Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.F.); (L.G.); (P.R.); (M.-S.R.); (A.B.A.); (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.A.N.); (R.D.)
- Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Granjeaud
- Systems Biology Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Philippe Rochigneux
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.F.); (L.G.); (P.R.); (M.-S.R.); (A.B.A.); (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.A.N.); (R.D.)
- Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (F.B.); (A.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Marie-Sarah Rouvière
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.F.); (L.G.); (P.R.); (M.-S.R.); (A.B.A.); (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.A.N.); (R.D.)
- Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Amira Ben Amara
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.F.); (L.G.); (P.R.); (M.-S.R.); (A.B.A.); (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.A.N.); (R.D.)
- Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Boucherit
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.F.); (L.G.); (P.R.); (M.-S.R.); (A.B.A.); (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.A.N.); (R.D.)
- Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Magali Paul
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.F.); (L.G.); (P.R.); (M.-S.R.); (A.B.A.); (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.A.N.); (R.D.)
- Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marie Mélanie Dauplat
- Department of Pathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (M.M.D.); (J.T.-P.); (M.P.-G.); (M.A.); (E.C.-J.)
| | - Jeanne Thomassin-Piana
- Department of Pathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (M.M.D.); (J.T.-P.); (M.P.-G.); (M.A.); (E.C.-J.)
| | - Maria Paciencia-Gros
- Department of Pathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (M.M.D.); (J.T.-P.); (M.P.-G.); (M.A.); (E.C.-J.)
| | - Morgan Avenin
- Department of Pathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (M.M.D.); (J.T.-P.); (M.P.-G.); (M.A.); (E.C.-J.)
| | - Jihane Pakradouni
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovations, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Julien Barrou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (J.B.); (G.H.); (E.L.)
| | - Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret
- Department of Pathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (M.M.D.); (J.T.-P.); (M.P.-G.); (M.A.); (E.C.-J.)
- Team Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France
- Faculty of Medical and Paramedic Sciences, Aix Marseille University, UM 105, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Houvenaeghel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (J.B.); (G.H.); (E.L.)
- Faculty of Medical and Paramedic Sciences, Aix Marseille University, UM 105, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Eric Lambaudie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (J.B.); (G.H.); (E.L.)
- Faculty of Medical and Paramedic Sciences, Aix Marseille University, UM 105, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (F.B.); (A.G.); (C.T.)
- Team Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Goncalves
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (F.B.); (A.G.); (C.T.)
- Team Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Carole Tarpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (F.B.); (A.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Jacques A. Nunès
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.F.); (L.G.); (P.R.); (M.-S.R.); (A.B.A.); (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.A.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Raynier Devillier
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.F.); (L.G.); (P.R.); (M.-S.R.); (A.B.A.); (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.A.N.); (R.D.)
- Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
- Faculty of Medical and Paramedic Sciences, Aix Marseille University, UM 105, 13005 Marseille, France
- Department of Haematology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Chretien
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.F.); (L.G.); (P.R.); (M.-S.R.); (A.B.A.); (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.A.N.); (R.D.)
- Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
- Faculty of Medical and Paramedic Sciences, Aix Marseille University, UM 105, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.F.); (L.G.); (P.R.); (M.-S.R.); (A.B.A.); (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.A.N.); (R.D.)
- Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
- Faculty of Medical and Paramedic Sciences, Aix Marseille University, UM 105, 13005 Marseille, France
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25
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de Aguiar RB, da Silva TDA, Costa BA, Machado MFM, Yamada RY, Braggion C, Perez KR, Mori MAS, Oliveira V, de Moraes JZ. Generation and functional characterization of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of the anti-FGF2 3F12E7 monoclonal antibody. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1432. [PMID: 33446839 PMCID: PMC7809466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) are small-sized artificial constructs composed of the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable regions connected by a peptide linker. We have previously described an anti-fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) monoclonal antibody (mAb), named 3F12E7, with notable antitumor potential revealed by preclinical assays. FGF2 is a known angiogenesis-associated molecule implicated in tumor progression. In this report, we describe a recombinant scFv format for the 3F12E7 mAb. The results demonstrate that the generated 3F12E7 scFv, although prone to aggregation, comprises an active anti-FGF2 product that contains monomers and small oligomers. Functionally, the 3F12E7 scFv preparations specifically recognize FGF2 and inhibit tumor growth similar to the corresponding full-length IgG counterpart in an experimental model. In silico molecular analysis provided insights into the aggregation propensity and the antigen-recognition by scFv units. Antigen-binding determinants were predicted outside the most aggregation-prone hotspots. Overall, our experimental and prediction dataset describes an scFv scaffold for the 3F12E7 mAb and also provides insights to further engineer non-aggregated anti-FGF2 scFv-based tools for therapeutic and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barbosa de Aguiar
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04044-020, Brazil.
| | - Tábata de Almeida da Silva
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Bruno Andrade Costa
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ferreira Marcondes Machado
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Renata Yoshiko Yamada
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Camila Braggion
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Kátia Regina Perez
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04044-020, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Jane Zveiter de Moraes
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04044-020, Brazil.
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26
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Gaissmaier L, Christopoulos P. Immune Modulation in Lung Cancer: Current Concepts and Future Strategies. Respiration 2020; 99:1-27. [PMID: 33291116 DOI: 10.1159/000510385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy represents the most dynamic field of biomedical research currently, with thoracic immuno-oncology as a forerunner. PD-(L)1 inhibitors are already part of standard first-line treatment for both non-small-cell and small-cell lung cancer, while unprecedented 5-year survival rates of 15-25% have been achieved in pretreated patients with metastatic disease. Evolving strategies are mainly aiming for improvement of T-cell function, increase of immune activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and supply of tumor-reactive lymphocytes. Several novel therapeutics have demonstrated preclinical efficacy and are increasingly used in rational combinations within clinical trials. Two overarching trends dominate: extension of immunotherapy to earlier disease stages, mainly as neoadjuvant treatment, and a shift of focus towards multivalent, individualized, mutatome-based antigen-specific modalities, mainly adoptive cell therapies and cancer vaccines. The former ensures ample availability of treated and untreated patient samples, the latter facilitates deeper mechanistic insights, and both in combination build an overwhelming force that is accelerating progress and driving the greatest revolution cancer medicine has seen so far. Today, immune modulation represents the most potent therapeutic modality in oncology, the most important topic in clinical and translational cancer research, and arguably our greatest, meanwhile justified hope for achieving cure of pulmonary neoplasms and other malignancies in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gaissmaier
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany,
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27
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Proia TA, Singh M, Woessner R, Carnevalli L, Bommakanti G, Magiera L, Srinivasan S, Grosskurth S, Collins M, Womack C, Griffin M, Ye M, Cantin S, Russell D, Xie M, Hughes A, Deng N, Mele DA, Fawell S, Barry S, Reimer C, Barrett JC, McCoon P. STAT3 Antisense Oligonucleotide Remodels the Suppressive Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Immune Activation in Combination with Anti-PD-L1. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6335-6349. [PMID: 32943458 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Danvatirsen is a therapeutic antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that selectively targets STAT3 and has shown clinical activity in two phase I clinical studies. We interrogated the clinical mechanism of action using danvatirsen-treated patient samples and conducted back-translational studies to further elucidate its immunomodulatory mechanism of action. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Paired biopsies and blood samples from danvatirsen-treated patients were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and gene-expression analysis. To gain mechanistic insight, we used mass cytometry, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence analysis of CT26 tumors treated with a mouse surrogate STAT3 ASO, and human immune cells were treated in vitro with danvatirsen. RESULTS Within the tumors of treated patients, danvatirsen uptake was observed mainly in cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Gene expression analysis comparing baseline and on-treatment tumor samples showed increased expression of proinflammatory genes. In mouse models, STAT3 ASO demonstrated partial tumor growth inhibition and enhanced the antitumor activity when combined with anti-PD-L1. Immune profiling revealed reduced STAT3 protein in immune and stromal cells, and decreased suppressive cytokines correlating with increased proinflammatory macrophages and cytokine production. These changes led to enhanced T-cell abundance and function in combination with anti-PD-L1. CONCLUSIONS STAT3 ASO treatment reverses a suppressive TME and promotes proinflammatory gene expression changes in patients' tumors and mouse models. Preclinical data provide evidence that ASO-mediated inhibition of STAT3 in the immune compartment is sufficient to remodel the TME and enhance the activity of checkpoint blockade without direct STAT3 inhibition in tumor cells. Collectively, these data provide a rationale for testing this combination in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Proia
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Maneesh Singh
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Larissa Carnevalli
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gayathri Bommakanti
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Lukasz Magiera
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Srimathi Srinivasan
- Translational Medicine, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mike Collins
- Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Medford, Massachusetts
| | | | - Matthew Griffin
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Minwei Ye
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Cantin
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Deanna Russell
- Translational Medicine, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Mingchao Xie
- Translational Medicine, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Adina Hughes
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Deanna A Mele
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen Fawell
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Simon Barry
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Corinne Reimer
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - J Carl Barrett
- Translational Medicine, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia McCoon
- Translational Medicine, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts.
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28
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Dosset M, Castro A, Carter H, Zanetti M. Telomerase and CD4 T Cell Immunity in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061687. [PMID: 32630460 PMCID: PMC7352225 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is a conserved self-tumor antigen which is overexpressed in most tumors and plays a critical role in tumor formation and progression. As such, TERT is an antigen of great relevance to develop widely applicable immunotherapies. CD4 T cells play a major role in the anti-cancer response alone or with other effector cells such as CD8 T cells and NK cells. To date, efforts have been made to identify TERT peptides capable of stimulating CD4 T cells that are also able to bind diverse MHC-II alleles to ease immune status monitoring and immunotherapies. Here, we review the current status of TERT biology, TERT/MHC-II immunobiology, and past and current vaccine clinical trials. We propose that monitoring CD4 T cell immunity against TERT is a simple and direct way to assess immune surveillance in cancer patients and a new way to predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi). Finally, we present the initial results of a systematic discovery of TERT peptides able to bind the most common HLA Class II alleles worldwide and show that the repertoire of MHC-II TERT peptides is wider than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Dosset
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-081, USA;
| | - Andrea Castro
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.C.); (H.C.)
- Health Science, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Maurizio Zanetti
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-081, USA;
- Correspondence:
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29
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Chocarro de Erauso L, Zuazo M, Arasanz H, Bocanegra A, Hernandez C, Fernandez G, Garcia-Granda MJ, Blanco E, Vera R, Kochan G, Escors D. Resistance to PD-L1/PD-1 Blockade Immunotherapy. A Tumor-Intrinsic or Tumor-Extrinsic Phenomenon? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:441. [PMID: 32317979 PMCID: PMC7154133 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoints such as programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed cell-death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), are revolutionizing cancer treatment and transforming the practice of medical oncology. However, despite all the recent successes of this type of immunotherapies, most patients are still refractory and present either intrinsic resistance or acquired resistance. Either way, this is a major clinical problem and one of the most significant challenges in oncology. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers to predict clinical responses or for patient stratification by probability of response has become a clinical necessity. However, the mechanisms leading to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade resistance are still poorly understood. A deeper understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying resistance to cancer immunotherapies will provide insight for further development of novel strategies designed to overcome resistance and treatment failure. Here we discuss some of the major molecular mechanisms of resistance to PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade and argue whether tumor intrinsic or extrinsic factors constitute main determinants of response and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miren Zuazo
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra CHN-IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Hernandez
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Fernandez
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra CHN-IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruth Vera
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra CHN-IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
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30
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Programmed Cell Death-1: Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Interaction Protects Human Cardiomyocytes Against T-Cell Mediated Inflammation and Apoptosis Response In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072399. [PMID: 32244307 PMCID: PMC7177768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Immunological checkpoint therapy is considered a powerful method for cancer therapy and acts by re-activating autologous T cells to kill the cancer cell. Myocarditis cases have been reported in cancer patients after immunological therapy; for example, nivolumab treatment is a monoclonal antibody that blocks programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 ligand interaction. This project provided insight into the inflammatory response as a benchmark to investigate the potential cardiotoxic effect of T cell response to the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis in regulating cardiomyocyte injury in vitro. Methods and Results: We investigated cardiomyopathy resulted from the PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade using the anti-PD-1 antibody in Rockefeller University embryonic stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (RUES2-CMs) and a melanoma tumor-bearing murine model. We found that nivolumab alone did not induce inflammatory-related proteins, including PD-L1 expression, and did not induce apoptosis, which was contrary to doxorubicin, a cardiotoxic chemotherapy drug. However, nivolumab was able to exacerbate the immune response by increasing cytokine and inflammatory gene expression in RUES2-CMs when co-cultured with CD4+ T lymphocytes and induced apoptosis. This effect was not observed when RUES2-CMs were co-cultured with CD8+ T lymphocytes. The in vivo model showed that the heart function of tumor-bearing mice was decreased after treatment with anti-PD-1 antibody and demonstrated a dilated left ventricle histological examination. The dilated left ventricle was associated with an infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes into the myocardium. PD-L1 and inflammatory-associated gene expression were significantly increased in anti-PD-1-treated tumor-bearing mice. Cleaved caspase-3 and mouse plasma cardiac troponin I expressions were increased significantly. Conclusion: PD-L1 expression on cardiomyocytes suppressed T-cell function. Blockade of PD-1 by nivolumab enhanced cardiomyocyte inflammation and apoptosis through the enhancement of T-cell response towards cardiomyocytes.
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31
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Immunotherapeutic potential of CD4 and CD8 single-positive T cells in thymic epithelial tumors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4064. [PMID: 32132638 PMCID: PMC7055333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Indications for current immune checkpoint inhibitors are expanding and now include thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). Although clinical trials on immune checkpoint inhibitors for TETs are ongoing, a rationale has not yet been established for immunotherapy for TETs. Therefore, we herein performed phenotypic and functional analyses of T cells in surgically resected TET tissues with a focus on the anti-tumor properties of T cells to TETs as a step towards establishing a rationale for immunotherapy for TETs. We examined T-cell profiles in surgically resected TET tissues, particularly CD4 and CD8 single-positive T cells, using flow cytometry. In the functional analysis of T cells in TETs, we investigated not only cytokine production by T cells, but also their cytotoxicity using bispecific T-cell engager technology. The cluster analysis of T-cell profiles based on flow cytometric data revealed that type B3 thymoma and thymic carcinoma (B3/C) belonged to the hot cluster characterized by a high proportion of Tim-3+ and CD103+ in CD4 and CD8 single-positive T cells. Enhancements in cytokine production and the cytotoxicity of T cells by the anti-PD-1 antibody were significantly greater in B3/C. These results indicate the potential of immunotherapy for patients with B3/C.
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32
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Iwahori K. Cytotoxic CD8 + Lymphocytes in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1224:53-62. [PMID: 32036604 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35723-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, CD8+ T cells play a major role in tumor immunity. CD8+ T cells differentiate to cytotoxic T cells, traffic into the tumor microenvironment, and exhibit cytotoxicity against tumor cells. These processes have both positive and negative effects. Enhancements in the cytotoxic activity of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells in the tumor microenvironment are crucial for the development of cancer immunotherapy. To achieve this, several immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells), and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), have been developed. In contrast to cancer vaccines, CAR T cells, and BiTEs, immune checkpoint inhibitors enhance the activity of cytotoxic T cells by inhibiting the negative regulators of T cells.The total number, type, and activity of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells in the tumor microenvironment need to be clarified, particularly for the development of companion diagnostics to identify patients for whom these therapies are effective. Therefore, technologies including TCR repertoire, single-cell, and T-cell cytotoxicity analyses using BiTEs have been developed.Based on these and future innovations, the generation of effective cancer immunotherapies is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Iwahori
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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33
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Otoshi T, Nagano T, Tachihara M, Nishimura Y. Possible Biomarkers for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070935. [PMID: 31277279 PMCID: PMC6678720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have drastically changed the clinical care of cancer. Although cancer immunotherapy has shown promise in various types of malignancies, thus far, the proportion of patients who can benefit from ICIs is relatively small. Immune-related adverse events and high cost are unavoidable problems. Therefore, biomarkers defining patients that are most likely to benefit from ICIs are urgently needed. The expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a logical biomarker for the prediction of response to anti-PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapies. However, its usefulness is currently debatable because of its varied definition, threshold, and spatial/temporal heterogeneity. Recently, it was reported that the tumor mutational burden, expression of neoantigens, mismatch repair status, and specific gene mutations may be markers for the success of treatment with ICIs. Moreover, it was suggested that the fecal microbiota prior to immunotherapy may play an important role in predicting the efficacy of ICIs. In this review, we focused on these potential biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy reported in recent clinical articles. Further studies are warranted to develop a predictive model using these biomarkers, with the aim of practicing precision medicine in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Otoshi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Motoko Tachihara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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