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Kouti M, Ansari-Asl K, Namjoo E. EEG dynamic source imaging using a regularized optimization with spatio-temporal constraints. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:3073-3088. [PMID: 38771431 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
One of the most important needs in neuroimaging is brain dynamic source imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution. EEG source imaging estimates the underlying sources from EEG recordings, which provides enhanced spatial resolution with intrinsically high temporal resolution. To ensure identifiability in the underdetermined source reconstruction problem, constraints on EEG sources are essential. This paper introduces a novel method for estimating source activities based on spatio-temporal constraints and a dynamic source imaging algorithm. The method enhances time resolution by incorporating temporal evolution of neural activity into a regularization function. Additionally, two spatial regularization constraints based on L 1 and L 2 norms are applied in the transformed domain to address both focal and spread neural activities, achieved through spatial gradient and Laplacian transform. Performance evaluation, conducted quantitatively using synthetic datasets, discusses the influence of parameters such as source extent, number of sources, correlation level, and SNR level on temporal and spatial metrics. Results demonstrate that the proposed method provides superior spatial and temporal reconstructions compared to state-of-the-art inverse solutions including STRAPS, sLORETA, SBL, dSPM, and MxNE. This improvement is attributed to the simultaneous integration of transformed spatial and temporal constraints. When applied to a real auditory ERP dataset, our algorithm accurately reconstructs brain source time series and locations, effectively identifying the origins of auditory evoked potentials. In conclusion, our proposed method with spatio-temporal constraints outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms in estimating source distribution and time courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayadeh Kouti
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh Campus of Technology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Karim Ansari-Asl
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Namjoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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2
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Rho G, Callara AL, Scilingo EP, Greco A, Bonfiglio L. Habituation of Central and Electrodermal Responses to an Auditory Two-Stimulus Oddball Paradigm. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5053. [PMID: 39124100 PMCID: PMC11314637 DOI: 10.3390/s24155053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The orienting reaction (OR) towards a new stimulus is subject to habituation, i.e., progressively attenuates with stimulus repetition. The skin conductance responses (SCRs) are known to represent a reliable measure of OR at the peripheral level. Yet, it is still a matter of debate which of the P3 subcomponents is the most likely to represent the central counterpart of the OR. The aim of the present work was to study habituation, recovery, and dishabituation phenomena intrinsic to a two-stimulus auditory oddball paradigm, one of the most-used paradigms both in research and clinic, by simultaneously recording SCRs and P3 in twenty healthy volunteers. Our findings show that the target stimulus was capable of triggering a more marked OR, as indexed by both SCRs and P3, compared to the standard stimulus, that could be due to its affective saliency and relevance for task completion; the application of temporal principal components analysis (PCA) to the P3 complex allowed us to identify several subcomponents including both early and late P3a (eP3a; lP3a), P3b, novelty P3 (nP3), and both a positive and a negative Slow Wave (+SW; -SW). Particularly, lP3a and P3b subcomponents showed a similar behavior to that observed for SCRs , suggesting them as central counterparts of OR. Finally, the P3 evoked by the first standard stimulus after the target showed a significant dishabituation phenomenon which could represent a sign of the local stimulus change. However, it did not reach a sufficient level to trigger an SCR/OR since it did not represent a salient event in the context of the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rho
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (G.R.); (A.L.C.); (E.P.S.); (A.G.)
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alejandro Luis Callara
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (G.R.); (A.L.C.); (E.P.S.); (A.G.)
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enzo Pasquale Scilingo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (G.R.); (A.L.C.); (E.P.S.); (A.G.)
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Greco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (G.R.); (A.L.C.); (E.P.S.); (A.G.)
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Bonfiglio
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Unit of Developmental Neurorehabilitation, Neuroscience Department, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Uemura M, Katagiri Y, Imai E, Kawahara Y, Otani Y, Ichinose T, Kondo K, Kowa H. Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Coordinates Contextual Mental Imagery for Single-Beat Manipulation during Rhythmic Sensorimotor Synchronization. Brain Sci 2024; 14:757. [PMID: 39199452 PMCID: PMC11352649 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible pulse-by-pulse regulation of sensorimotor synchronization is crucial for voluntarily showing rhythmic behaviors synchronously with external cueing; however, the underpinning neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays a key role by coordinating both proactive and reactive motor outcomes based on contextual mental imagery. To test our hypothesis, a missing-oddball task in finger-tapping paradigms was conducted in 33 healthy young volunteers. The dynamic properties of the dACC were evaluated by event-related deep-brain activity (ER-DBA), supported by event-related potential (ERP) analysis and behavioral evaluation based on signal detection theory. We found that ER-DBA activation/deactivation reflected a strategic choice of motor control modality in accordance with mental imagery. Reverse ERP traces, as omission responses, confirmed that the imagery was contextual. We found that mental imagery was updated only by environmental changes via perceptual evidence and response-based abductive reasoning. Moreover, stable on-pulse tapping was achievable by maintaining proactive control while creating an imagery of syncopated rhythms from simple beat trains, whereas accuracy was degraded with frequent erroneous tapping for missing pulses. We conclude that the dACC voluntarily regulates rhythmic sensorimotor synchronization by utilizing contextual mental imagery based on experience and by creating novel rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Uemura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (Y.O.); (H.K.)
- School of Music, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8558, Japan;
| | - Yoshitada Katagiri
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Emiko Imai
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan;
| | - Yasuhiro Kawahara
- Department of Human life and Health Sciences, Division of Arts and Sciences, The Open University of Japan, Chiba 261-8586, Japan;
| | - Yoshitaka Otani
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (Y.O.); (H.K.)
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe International University, Kobe 658-0032, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ichinose
- School of Music, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8558, Japan;
| | | | - Hisatomo Kowa
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (Y.O.); (H.K.)
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4
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Lamekina Y, Titone L, Maess B, Meyer L. Speech Prosody Serves Temporal Prediction of Language via Contextual Entrainment. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1041232024. [PMID: 38839302 PMCID: PMC11236583 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1041-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal prediction assists language comprehension. In a series of recent behavioral studies, we have shown that listeners specifically employ rhythmic modulations of prosody to estimate the duration of upcoming sentences, thereby speeding up comprehension. In the current human magnetoencephalography (MEG) study on participants of either sex, we show that the human brain achieves this function through a mechanism termed entrainment. Through entrainment, electrophysiological brain activity maintains and continues contextual rhythms beyond their offset. Our experiment combined exposure to repetitive prosodic contours with the subsequent presentation of visual sentences that either matched or mismatched the duration of the preceding contour. During exposure to prosodic contours, we observed MEG coherence with the contours, which was source-localized to right-hemispheric auditory areas. During the processing of the visual targets, activity at the frequency of the preceding contour was still detectable in the MEG; yet sources shifted to the (left) frontal cortex, in line with a functional inheritance of the rhythmic acoustic context for prediction. Strikingly, when the target sentence was shorter than expected from the preceding contour, an omission response appeared in the evoked potential record. We conclude that prosodic entrainment is a functional mechanism of temporal prediction in language comprehension. In general, acoustic rhythms appear to endow language for employing the brain's electrophysiological mechanisms of temporal prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Lamekina
- Research Group Language Cycles, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Titone
- Research Group Language Cycles, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Burkhard Maess
- Methods and Development Group Brain Networks, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Lars Meyer
- Research Group Language Cycles, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- University Clinic Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
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Barmpas K, Panagakis Y, Zoumpourlis G, Adamos DA, Laskaris N, Zafeiriou S. A causal perspective on brainwave modeling for brain-computer interfaces. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:036001. [PMID: 38621380 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad3eb5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Machine learning (ML) models have opened up enormous opportunities in the field of brain-computer Interfaces (BCIs). Despite their great success, they usually face severe limitations when they are employed in real-life applications outside a controlled laboratory setting.Approach. Mixing causal reasoning, identifying causal relationships between variables of interest, with brainwave modeling can change one's viewpoint on some of these major challenges which can be found in various stages in the ML pipeline, ranging from data collection and data pre-processing to training methods and techniques.Main results. In this work, we employ causal reasoning and present a framework aiming to breakdown and analyze important challenges of brainwave modeling for BCIs.Significance. Furthermore, we present how general ML practices as well as brainwave-specific techniques can be utilized and solve some of these identified challenges. And finally, we discuss appropriate evaluation schemes in order to measure these techniques' performance and efficiently compare them with other methods that will be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Barmpas
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London SW7 2RH, United Kingdom
- Cogitat Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yannis Panagakis
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
- Archimedes Research Unit, Research Center Athena, Athens 15125, Greece
- Cogitat Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dimitrios A Adamos
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London SW7 2RH, United Kingdom
- Cogitat Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Laskaris
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Cogitat Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanos Zafeiriou
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London SW7 2RH, United Kingdom
- Cogitat Ltd, London, United Kingdom
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Aydin M, Lucia S, Casella A, Di Bello B, Di Russo F. Bayesian interpretation of the prefrontal P2 ERP component based on stimulus/response mapping uncertainty. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 199:112337. [PMID: 38537889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The brain can be seen as a predictive system continuously computing prior information to guess posterior probabilities minimizing sources of uncertainty. To test this Bayesian view of the brain, event-related potentials (ERP) methods have been used focusing on the well-known P3 component, traditionally associated with decision-making processes and sources of uncertainty regarding target probability. Another ERP component linked with decision-making is the prefrontal P2 (pP2) component, which has never been considered within the Bayesian framework. To test which source of uncertainty could be associated with the pP2, uncertainty induced by target probability and stimulus-response (S/R) mapping were modulated in three visuomotor tasks. Results showed that the pP2 had the largest amplitude in the task with the largest uncertainty regarding the S/R mapping and degraded as the S/R mapping became more predictable. The P3 was maximal in the tasks with larger uncertainty regarding the target probability. While we confirmed the P3 association with target probability, we extended our knowledge on the pP2 associating it with S/R mapping uncertainty. This component, which has been previously localized within the anterior insular cortex, may minimize S/R mapping uncertainty allowing response-related evidence accumulation and comparing current events with internal representations to extract action-related probabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Aydin
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Lucia
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Casella
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - BiancaMaria Di Bello
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
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Li H, Li H, Ma L, Polina D. Revealing brain's cognitive process deeply: a study of the consistent EEG patterns of audio-visual perceptual holistic. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1377233. [PMID: 38601801 PMCID: PMC11004307 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1377233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To investigate the brain's cognitive process and perceptual holistic, we have developed a novel method that focuses on the informational attributes of stimuli. Methods We recorded EEG signals during visual and auditory perceptual cognition experiments and conducted ERP analyses to observe specific positive and negative components occurring after 400ms during both visual and auditory perceptual processes. These ERP components represent the brain's perceptual holistic processing activities, which we have named Information-Related Potentials (IRPs). We combined IRPs with machine learning methods to decode cognitive processes in the brain. Results Our experimental results indicate that IRPs can better characterize information processing, particularly perceptual holism. Additionally, we conducted a brain network analysis and found that visual and auditory perceptual holistic processing share consistent neural pathways. Discussion Our efforts not only demonstrate the specificity, significance, and reliability of IRPs but also reveal their great potential for future brain mechanism research and BCI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haifeng Li
- Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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8
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Amodeo L, Goris J, Nijhof AD, Wiersema JR. Electrophysiological correlates of self-related processing in adults with autism. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024:10.3758/s13415-024-01157-0. [PMID: 38316706 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The term "self-bias" refers to the human propensity to prioritize self- over other-related stimuli and is believed to influence various stages of the processing stream. By means of event-related potentials (ERPs), it was recently shown that the self-bias in a shape-label matching task modulates early as well as later phases of information processing in neurotypicals. Recent claims suggest autism-related deficits to specifically impact later stages of self-related processing; however, it is unclear whether these claims hold based on current findings. Using the shape-label matching task while recording ERPs in individuals with autism can clarify which stage of self-related processing is specifically affected in this condition. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the temporal course of self-related processing in adults with and without autism. Thirty-two adults with autism and 27 neurotypicals completed a shape-label matching task while ERPs were concomitantly recorded. At the behavioral level, results furnished evidence for a comparable self-bias across groups, with no differences in task performance between adults with and without autism. At the ERP level, the two groups showed a similar self-bias at early stages of self-related information processing (the N1 component). Conversely, the autism group manifested a lessened differentiation between self- and other-related stimuli at later stages (the parietal P3 component). In line with recent claims of later phases of self-related processing being altered in autism, we found an equivalent self-bias between groups at an early, sensory stage of processing, yet a strongly diminished self-bias at a later, cognitive stage in adults with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Amodeo
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- EXPLORA, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Judith Goris
- EXPLORA, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annabel D Nijhof
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- EXPLORA, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan R Wiersema
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- EXPLORA, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Boetzel C, Stecher HI, Kasten FH, Herrmann CS. Modulating the difficulty of a visual oddball-like task and P3m amplitude. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1505. [PMID: 38233455 PMCID: PMC10794184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
It is often necessary to modulate the difficulty of an experimental task without changing physical stimulus characteristics that are known to modulate event-related potentials. Here, we developed a new, oddball-like visual discrimination task with varying levels of difficulty despite using almost identical visual stimuli. Gabor patches of one orientation served as frequent standard stimuli with 75% probability. Gabor patches with a slightly different orientation served as infrequent target stimuli (25% probability). Analyzing the behavioral outcomes revealed a successful modulation of task difficulty, i.e. the hard condition revealed decreased d' values and longer reaction times for standard stimuli. In addition, we recorded MEG and computed event-related fields in response to the stimuli. In line with our expectation, the amplitude of the P3m was reduced in the hard condition. We localized the sources of the P3m with a focus on those that are modulated by changes in task difficulty. The sources of P3m modulation by difficulty were found primarily in the centro-parietal regions of both hemispheres. Additionally, we found significant differences in source activity between the easy and hard conditions in parts of the pre and post-central gyrus and inferior parietal lobe. Our findings are in line with previous research suggesting that the brain areas responsible for the conventional P3m generators also contribute to a modulation by task difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Boetzel
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Cluster for Excellence "Hearing for All", Carl von Ossietzky University, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Heiko I Stecher
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Cluster for Excellence "Hearing for All", Carl von Ossietzky University, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Florian H Kasten
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau and Cognition, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christoph S Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Cluster for Excellence "Hearing for All", Carl von Ossietzky University, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Neuroimaging Unit, European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
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Ishida T, Nittono H. Effects of sensory modality and task relevance on omitted stimulus potentials. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:47-57. [PMID: 37947851 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Omitted stimulus potentials (OSPs) occur when a sensory stimulus is unexpectedly omitted. They are thought to reflect predictions about upcoming sensory events. The present study examined how OSPs differ across the sensory modalities of predicted stimuli. Twenty-nine university students were asked to press a mouse button at a regular interval of 1-2 s, which was immediately followed by either a visual or auditory stimulus in different blocks. The stimuli were sometimes omitted (p = 0.2), to which event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The results showed that stimulus omissions in both modalities elicited ERP waveforms consisting of three components, oN1, oN2, and oP3. The peak latencies of these components were shorter in the auditory modality than in the visual modality. The amplitudes of OSPs were larger when participants were told that the omission indicated their poor performance (i.e., they pressed a button at an irregular interval) than when it was irrelevant to their performance. These findings suggest that OSPs occur from around 100 ms in a modality-specific manner and increase in amplitude depending on the task relevance of stimulus omissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Ishida
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nittono
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Sarrias-Arrabal E, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Vázquez-Marrufo M, Perri RL, Di Russo F. Temporal spectral evolution of pre-stimulus brain activity in visual and visuomotor tasks. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1433-1446. [PMID: 37969946 PMCID: PMC10640439 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the spectral features of pre-stimulus event-related potential (ERP) components elicited in visual tasks such as the Bereitschaftspotential (BP), prefrontal negativity (pN) and visual negativity (vN). ERPs are considered time-locked and phase-locked (evoked) activity, but we have also analyzed the non-phase but time-locked (induced) activity in the same interval by applying the temporal spectral evolution (TSE) method. Participants (N = 26) were tested in a passive task, a simple response task (SRT) and a discriminative response task (DRT), where EEG activity was recorded with 64 scalp electrodes. We analyzed the time-frequency modulations (phase and non-phase) prior to the onset of the stimuli in the sub-delta, delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. The results showed that all the pre-stimulus ERP components were mainly regulated by evoked activity in the sub-delta band. On the other hand, induced activity seems to be linked to evoked responses but with a different psychophysiological role. We concluded that other preparatory cognitive mechanisms associated with ERPs can also be detected by the TSE method. This finding may suggest underlying mechanisms in non-phase activity and requires the addition of non-phase activity analysis to the traditional analysis (phase and evoked activity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Sarrias-Arrabal
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Marrufo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
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12
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Bayne T, Frohlich J, Cusack R, Moser J, Naci L. Consciousness in the cradle: on the emergence of infant experience. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:1135-1149. [PMID: 37838614 PMCID: PMC10660191 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Although each of us was once a baby, infant consciousness remains mysterious and there is no received view about when, and in what form, consciousness first emerges. Some theorists defend a 'late-onset' view, suggesting that consciousness requires cognitive capacities which are unlikely to be in place before the child's first birthday at the very earliest. Other theorists defend an 'early-onset' account, suggesting that consciousness is likely to be in place at birth (or shortly after) and may even arise during the third trimester. Progress in this field has been difficult, not just because of the challenges associated with procuring the relevant behavioral and neural data, but also because of uncertainty about how best to study consciousness in the absence of the capacity for verbal report or intentional behavior. This review examines both the empirical and methodological progress in this field, arguing that recent research points in favor of early-onset accounts of the emergence of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Bayne
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Brain, Mind, and Consciousness Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Joel Frohlich
- Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, University Hospital and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Rhodri Cusack
- Thomas Mitchell Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julia Moser
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lorina Naci
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Xu BX, Ding Y, Bilal M, Wang MY. Event-related potentials for investigating the willingness to recycle household medical waste. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20722. [PMID: 37842614 PMCID: PMC10570574 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Household medical waste (HMW) recycling in the reverse supply chain has become a primary channel for infectious, toxic, or radioactive substances for environmental protection and a circular economy. Recycling managers need to understand the recycling decision-making mechanisms of households to improve the intention-behavior gap and recycling participation rate, especially in cognitive neuroscience. This study designed an event-related potential (ERPs) experiment to explore the differences in ERPs components between the willingness and unwillingness to make recycling decisions. Our findings confirmed that willingness and unwillingness to recycle can lead to a significant difference in the P300 and N400 scores. A larger P300 was evoked by willingness rather than unwillingness in the prefrontal, frontal, and frontal-temporal regions. This indicates that willingness to recycle results from a rational choice in the decision-making process. However, a larger N400 was evoked by unwillingness rather than willingness in the parietal, parietal-occipital, and occipital regions. A negative wave was evoked in households unwilling to recycle because they thought it was dangerous and unsanitary, causing a higher conflict with intrinsic cognition. The combination of HMW recycling decisions and neurology may accurately measure pro-environmental decision-making processes through brain science. Advancing the knowledge of psychological and brain mechanism activities for understanding pro-environmental choices. In turn, this can help recycling managers to accurately understand household demands for increasing the recycling intention and designing effective HMW take-back systems to solve the intention-behavior gap related to the global recycling dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Xiu Xu
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Yi Ding
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Mia Y. Wang
- Department of Computer Science, College of Charleston, SC, USA
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14
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Costa S, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Croce P, Di Russo F, Quinzi F, Bertollo M, Zappasodi F. Brain dynamics of visual anticipation during spatial occlusion tasks in expert tennis players. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 65:102335. [PMID: 37665843 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus identification and action outcome understanding for a rapid and accurate response selection, play a fundamental role in racquet sports. Here, we investigated the neurodynamics of visual anticipation in tennis manipulating the postural and kinematic information associated with the body of opponents by means of a spatial occlusion protocol. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were evaluated in two groups of professional tennis players (N = 37) with different levels of expertise, while they observed pictures of opponents and predicted the landing position as fast and accurately as possible. The observed action was manipulated by deleting different body districts of the opponent (legs, ball, racket and arm, trunk). Full body image (no occlusion) was used as control condition. The worst accuracy and the slowest response time were observed in the occlusion of trunk and ball. The former was associated with a reduced amplitude of the ERP components likely linked to body processing (the N1 in the right hemisphere) and visual-motor integration awareness (the pP1), as well as with an increase of the late frontal negativity (the pN2), possibly reflecting an effort by the insula to recover and/or complete the most correct sensory-motor representation. In both occlusions, a decrease in the pP2 may reflect an impairment of decisional processes upon action execution following sensory evidence accumulation. Enhanced amplitude of the P3 and the pN2 components were found in more experienced players, suggesting a greater allocation of resources in the process connecting sensory encoding and response execution, and sensory-motor representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Costa
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Croce
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Quinzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bertollo
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Filippo Zappasodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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15
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Frohlich J, Bayne T, Crone JS, DallaVecchia A, Kirkeby-Hinrup A, Mediano PA, Moser J, Talar K, Gharabaghi A, Preissl H. Not with a “zap” but with a “beep”: measuring the origins of perinatal experience. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120057. [PMID: 37001834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
When does the mind begin? Infant psychology is mysterious in part because we cannot remember our first months of life, nor can we directly communicate with infants. Even more speculative is the possibility of mental life prior to birth. The question of when consciousness, or subjective experience, begins in human development thus remains incompletely answered, though boundaries can be set using current knowledge from developmental neurobiology and recent investigations of the perinatal brain. Here, we offer our perspective on how the development of a sensory perturbational complexity index (sPCI) based on auditory ("beep-and-zip"), visual ("flash-and-zip"), or even olfactory ("sniff-and-zip") cortical perturbations in place of electromagnetic perturbations ("zap-and-zip") might be used to address this question. First, we discuss recent studies of perinatal cognition and consciousness using techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and, in particular, magnetoencephalography (MEG). While newborn infants are the archetypal subjects for studying early human development, researchers may also benefit from fetal studies, as the womb is, in many respects, a more controlled environment than the cradle. The earliest possible timepoint when subjective experience might begin is likely the establishment of thalamocortical connectivity at 26 weeks gestation, as the thalamocortical system is necessary for consciousness according to most theoretical frameworks. To infer at what age and in which behavioral states consciousness might emerge following the initiation of thalamocortical pathways, we advocate for the development of the sPCI and similar techniques, based on EEG, MEG, and fMRI, to estimate the perinatal brain's state of consciousness.
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16
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Bel-Bahar TS, Khan AA, Shaik RB, Parvaz MA. A scoping review of electroencephalographic (EEG) markers for tracking neurophysiological changes and predicting outcomes in substance use disorder treatment. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:995534. [PMID: 36325430 PMCID: PMC9619053 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.995534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) constitute a growing global health crisis, yet many limitations and challenges exist in SUD treatment research, including the lack of objective brain-based markers for tracking treatment outcomes. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a neurophysiological technique for measuring brain activity, and although much is known about EEG activity in acute and chronic substance use, knowledge regarding EEG in relation to abstinence and treatment outcomes is sparse. We performed a scoping review of longitudinal and pre-post treatment EEG studies that explored putative changes in brain function associated with abstinence and/or treatment in individuals with SUD. Following PRISMA guidelines, we identified studies published between January 2000 and March 2022 from online databases. Search keywords included EEG, addictive substances (e.g., alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine), and treatment related terms (e.g., abstinence, relapse). Selected studies used EEG at least at one time point as a predictor of abstinence or other treatment-related outcomes; or examined pre- vs. post-SUD intervention (brain stimulation, pharmacological, behavioral) EEG effects. Studies were also rated on the risk of bias and quality using validated instruments. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. More consistent findings included lower oddball P3 and higher resting beta at baseline predicting negative outcomes, and abstinence-mediated longitudinal decrease in cue-elicited P3 amplitude and resting beta power. Other findings included abstinence or treatment-related changes in late positive potential (LPP) and N2 amplitudes, as well as in delta and theta power. Existing studies were heterogeneous and limited in terms of specific substances of interest, brief times for follow-ups, and inconsistent or sparse results. Encouragingly, in this limited but maturing literature, many studies demonstrated partial associations of EEG markers with abstinence, treatment outcomes, or pre-post treatment-effects. Studies were generally of good quality in terms of risk of bias. More EEG studies are warranted to better understand abstinence- or treatment-mediated neural changes or to predict SUD treatment outcomes. Future research can benefit from prospective large-sample cohorts and the use of standardized methods such as task batteries. EEG markers elucidating the temporal dynamics of changes in brain function related to abstinence and/or treatment may enable evidence-based planning for more effective and targeted treatments, potentially pre-empting relapse or minimizing negative lifespan effects of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik S. Bel-Bahar
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anam A. Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Riaz B. Shaik
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Muhammad A. Parvaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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17
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Mussini E, Bianco V, Pitzalis S, Di Russo F. Modulation of neurocognitive functions associated with action preparation and early stimulus processing by response-generated feedback. Biol Psychol 2022; 172:108360. [PMID: 35618162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Receiving feedback on action correctness is a relevant factor in learning, but only a few recent studies have investigated the neural bases involved in feedback processing and its consequences on performance. Several event-related potentials (ERP) studies investigated the feedback-related negativity, which is an ERP occurring after the presentation of a feedback stimulus. In contrast, the present study investigates the effect of providing feedback on brain activities before and after the presentation of an imperative stimulus with the aim to show how this could have an impact on cognitive functions related to anticipatory and post-stimulus task processing. Participants performed a standard visuomotor task and a modified version of the same task in which feedback sounds were emitted when participants committed performance errors. Overall, results showed that in the feedback task subjects have better cognitive control than in the standard task. All behavioral measures were improved in the feedback task. At the brain level, all the studied components were modulated by the presence of the feedback cue. Results pointed to a possible increase of anticipatory activity in the prefrontal cortex, a reduction of perceptual awareness in areas previously associated with the anterior insular cortex, and an increase of activity associated with selective attention in sensory cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mussini
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Dept of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pitzalis
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Dep. of Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Dep. of Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
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18
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Wicht CA, De Pretto M, Mouthon M, Spierer L. Neural correlates of expectations-induced effects of caffeine intake on executive functions. Cortex 2022; 150:61-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Bianco V, Berchicci M, Gigante E, Perri RL, Quinzi F, Mussini E, Di Russo F. Brain Plasticity Induced by Musical Expertise on Proactive and Reactive Cognitive Functions. Neuroscience 2021; 483:1-12. [PMID: 34973386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proactive and reactive brain activities usually refer to processes occurring in anticipation or in response to perceptual and/or cognitive events. Previous studies found that, in auditory tasks, musical expertise improves performance mainly at the reactive stage of processing. In the present work, we aimed at acknowledging the effects of musical practice on proactive brain activities as a result of neuroplasticity processes occurring at the level of anticipatory motor/cognitive functions. Accordingly, performance and electroencephalographic recordings were compared between professional musicians and non-musicians during an auditory go/no-go task. Both proactive (pre-stimulus) and reactive (post-stimulus) event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed. Behavioral findings showed improved performance in musicians compared to non-musicians in terms of accuracy. For what concerns electrophysiological results, different ERP patterns of activity both before and after the presentation of the auditory stimulus emerged between groups. Specifically, musicians showed increased proactive cognitive activity in prefrontal scalp areas, previously localized in the prefrontal cortex, and reduced anticipatory excitability in frontal scalp areas, previously localized in the associative auditory cortices (reflected by the pN and aP components, respectively). In the reactive stage of processing (i.e., following stimulus presentation), musicians showed enhanced early (N1) and late (P3) components, in line with longstanding literature of enhanced auditory processing in this group. Crucially, we also found a significant correlation between the N1 component and years of musical practice. We interpreted these findings in terms of neural plasticity processes resulting from musical training, which lead musicians to high efficiency in auditory sensorial anticipation and more intense cognitive control and sound analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianco
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dept. of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Gigante
- International Association for Analytical Psychology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Federico Quinzi
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Mussini
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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20
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Bae E, Kim JY, Han SW. The role of right temporo-parietal junction in stimulus evaluation. Brain Cogn 2021; 152:105770. [PMID: 34174747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A predominant model of the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) claims that this region is critical for attentional orienting/reorienting toward an unexpected, but behaviorally significant stimulus. However, recent studies have suggested that the TPJ is also involved in the process of evaluating stimulus, especially matching between external sensory inputs and internal representations. While some studies provide evidence for the involvement of the TPJ in stimulus evaluation, the nature of the evaluative process mediated by the TPJ remains unclear. To address this issue, we tested whether the TPJ activation amplitude and its peak latency is proportional to the demand of the evaluative process. We found that when the amount of sensory evidence for the matching process was abundant, the TPJ was transiently activated. Importantly, the TPJ activation showed a greater and more sustained pattern while the sensory evidence was accumulating for a longer period of time. These findings suggest that the TPJ function is associated with the evaluative process of matching sensory inputs with internal representations, as well as attentional reorienting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Bae
- Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Kim
- Department of Research Equipment Operation, Koera Basic Science Institute, Cheong-won, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Won Han
- Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Palidis DJ, McGregor HR, Vo A, MacDonald PA, Gribble PL. Null effects of levodopa on reward- and error-based motor adaptation, savings, and anterograde interference. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:47-67. [PMID: 34038228 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00696.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine signaling is thought to mediate reward-based learning. We tested for a role of dopamine in motor adaptation by administering the dopamine precursor levodopa to healthy participants in two experiments involving reaching movements. Levodopa has been shown to impair reward-based learning in cognitive tasks. Thus, we hypothesized that levodopa would selectively impair aspects of motor adaptation that depend on the reinforcement of rewarding actions. In the first experiment, participants performed two separate tasks in which adaptation was driven either by visual error-based feedback of the hand position or binary reward feedback. We used EEG to measure event-related potentials evoked by task feedback. We hypothesized that levodopa would specifically diminish adaptation and the neural responses to feedback in the reward learning task. However, levodopa did not affect motor adaptation in either task nor did it diminish event-related potentials elicited by reward outcomes. In the second experiment, participants learned to compensate for mechanical force field perturbations applied to the hand during reaching. Previous exposure to a particular force field can result in savings during subsequent adaptation to the same force field or interference during adaptation to an opposite force field. We hypothesized that levodopa would diminish savings and anterograde interference, as previous work suggests that these phenomena result from a reinforcement learning process. However, we found no reliable effects of levodopa. These results suggest that reward-based motor adaptation, savings, and interference may not depend on the same dopaminergic mechanisms that have been shown to be disrupted by levodopa during various cognitive tasks.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Motor adaptation relies on multiple processes including reinforcement of successful actions. Cognitive reinforcement learning is impaired by levodopa-induced disruption of dopamine function. We administered levodopa to healthy adults who participated in multiple motor adaptation tasks. We found no effects of levodopa on any component of motor adaptation. This suggests that motor adaptation may not depend on the same dopaminergic mechanisms as cognitive forms or reinforcement learning that have been shown to be impaired by levodopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios J Palidis
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather R McGregor
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew Vo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Penny A MacDonald
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul L Gribble
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut
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22
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Perri RL, Bianco V, Facco E, Di Russo F. Now You See One Letter, Now You See Meaningless Symbols: Perceptual and Semantic Hypnotic Suggestions Reduce Stroop Errors Through Different Neurocognitive Mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:600083. [PMID: 33510612 PMCID: PMC7835729 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.600083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling literature has suggested the possibility of adopting hypnotic suggestions to override the Stroop interference effect. However, most of these studies mainly reported behavioral data and were conducted on highly hypnotizable individuals. Thus, the question of the neural locus of the effects and their generalizability remains open. In the present study, we used the Stroop task in a within-subject design to test the neurocognitive effects of two hypnotic suggestions: the perceptual request to focus only on the central letter of the words and the semantic request to observe meaningless symbols. Behavioral results indicated that the two types of suggestions did not alter response time (RT), but both favored more accurate performance compared to the control condition. Both types of suggestions increased sensory awareness and reduced discriminative visual attention, but the perceptual request selectively engaged more executive control of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and the semantic request selectively suppressed the temporal cortex activity devoted to graphemic analysis of the words. The present findings demonstrated that the perceptual and the semantic hypnotic suggestions reduced Stroop errors through common and specific top-down modulations of different neurocognitive processes but left the semantic activation unaltered. Finally, as we also recruited participants with a medium level of hypnotizability, the present data might be considered potentially representative of the majority of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Livio Perri
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico,”Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bianco
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Facco
- Studium Patavinum, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Inst. F. Granone—Italian Center of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico,”Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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23
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Sustained visuospatial attention enhances lateralized anticipatory ERP activity in sensory areas. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:457-470. [PMID: 33392666 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The existence of neural correlates of spatial attention is not limited to the reactive stage of stimulus processing: neural activities subtending spatial attention are deployed well ahead of stimulus onset. ERP evidence supporting this proactive (top-down) attentional control is based on trial-by-trial S1-S2 paradigms, where the onset of a directional cue (S1) indicates on which side attention must be directed to respond to an upcoming target stimulus (S2). Crucially, S1 onset trigger both attention and motor preparation, therefore, these paradigms are not ideal to demonstrate the effect of attention at preparatory stage of processing. To isolate top-down anticipatory attention, the present study used a sustained attention paradigm based on a steady cue that indicates the attended side constantly throughout an entire block of trials, without any onset of an attentional cue. The main result consists in the description of the attention effect on the visual negativity (vN) component, a growing neural activity starting before stimulus presentation in extrastriate visual areas. The vN was consistently lateralized in the hemisphere contralateral to the attended side, regardless of the hand to be used. At the opposite, the lateralized motor activity emerged long after, confirming that the hand-selection process followed the spatial attention orientation process. The present study confirms the anticipatory nature of the vN component and corroborate its role in terms of preparatory visuospatial attention.
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24
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Di Russo F, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Perri RL, Pitzalis S, Mussini E. Modulation of anticipatory visuospatial attention in sustained and transient tasks. Cortex 2020; 135:1-9. [PMID: 33341592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The anticipation of upcoming events is a key-feature of cognition. Previous investigations on anticipatory visuospatial attention mainly adopted transient and-more rarely-sustained tasks, whose main difference consists in the presence of transient or sustained cue stimuli and different involvement of top-down or bottom-up forms of attention. In particular, while top-down control has been suggested to drive sustained attention, it is not clear whether both endogenous and exogenous controls are recruited in transient attention task, or whether the cue-evoked attention may be interpreted as a mainly bottom-up guided process. To solve this issue, the present study focused on the preparatory brain activity of participants performing a sustained and a transient attention task. To this aim, the focus was on pre-stimulus event-related potential (ERP) components, i.e., the prefrontal negativity (pN) and the visual negativity (vN), associated with cognitive and sensorial preparation, emerging from prefrontal and visual areas, respectively. Results indicated that the pN was specific for the sustained task, while the vN emerged for both tasks, although smaller in the transient task, with a hemispheric lateralization contralateral to the attended hemifield. The present findings support the interpretation of the vN as a modality-specific index of attentional preparation, and suggest the presence of cognitive endogenous control in sustained tasks only, as revealed by the presence of a prefrontal activity that was interpreted as the locus of the top-down attentional modulation during the stimulus expectancy stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Russo
- Cognition and Action Neuroscience Lab, Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Electrophysiology of Cognition Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Cognition and Action Neuroscience Lab, Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Electrophysiology of Cognition Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Dept. of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Rinaldo L Perri
- Cognition and Action Neuroscience Lab, Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; University "Niccolò Cusano", Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pitzalis
- Cognition and Action Neuroscience Lab, Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Electrophysiology of Cognition Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Mussini
- Cognition and Action Neuroscience Lab, Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
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25
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Jedrzejczak WW, Milner R, Ganc M, Pilka E, Skarzynski H. No Change in Medial Olivocochlear Efferent Activity during an Auditory or Visual Task: Dual Evidence from Otoacoustic Emissions and Event-Related Potentials. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E894. [PMID: 33238438 PMCID: PMC7700184 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial olivocochlear (MOC) system is thought to be responsible for modulation of peripheral hearing through descending (efferent) pathways. This study investigated the connection between peripheral hearing function and conscious attention during two different modality tasks, auditory and visual. Peripheral hearing function was evaluated by analyzing the amount of suppression of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) by contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS), a well-known effect of the MOC. Simultaneously, attention was evaluated by event-related potentials (ERPs). Although the ERPs showed clear differences in processing of auditory and visual tasks, there were no differences in the levels of OAE suppression. We also analyzed OAEs for the highest magnitude resonant mode signal detected by the matching pursuit method, but again did not find a significant effect of task, and no difference in noise level or number of rejected trials. However, for auditory tasks, the amplitude of the P3 cognitive wave negatively correlated with the level of OAE suppression. We conclude that there seems to be no change in MOC function when performing different modality tasks, although the cortex still remains able to modulate some aspects of MOC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Wiktor Jedrzejczak
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ul. M. Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; (R.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (H.S.)
- World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Rafal Milner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ul. M. Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; (R.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (H.S.)
- World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Ganc
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ul. M. Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; (R.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (H.S.)
- World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Edyta Pilka
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ul. M. Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; (R.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (H.S.)
- World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarzynski
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ul. M. Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; (R.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (H.S.)
- World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
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Mussini E, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Perri RL, Quinzi F, Di Russo F. Effect of task complexity on motor and cognitive preparatory brain activities. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 159:11-16. [PMID: 33227366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated scalp-recorded activities of motor and cognitive preparation preceding stimulus presentation in relatively simple and complex visual motor discriminative response tasks (DRTs). Targets and non-targets were presented (with equal probability) in both tasks, and the complexity of the task depended on the discrimination and categorization processing load, which was based on the number of stimuli used (two stimuli in the simple- and four in the complex-DRT, respectively). We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in 16 participants in simple-DRT and 16 participants in complex-DRT. At the behavioral level, the performance was faster and more accurate in simple-DRT. Two pre-stimulus ERPs were considered: the central Bereitschaftspotential (BP) and the prefrontal negativity (pN). Both components showed earlier onset and larger amplitude in the complex-DRT. Overall, the simple-DRT required less motor and cognitive preparation in premotor and prefrontal areas compared to the complex-DRT. Present findings also suggest that the pN component was not reported in previous studies, likely because most ERP literature focusing on pre-stimulus ERP used simple-DRTs, and with such a task the pN amplitude is small and can easily go undetected.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mussini
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
| | - M Berchicci
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - V Bianco
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - R L Perri
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; University "Niccolò Cusano", Rome, Italy
| | - F Quinzi
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Di Russo
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
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Mussini E, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Perri RL, Quinzi F, Di Russo F. The Role of Task Complexity on Frontal Event-related Potentials and Evidence in Favour of the Epiphenomenal Interpretation of the Go/No-Go N2 Effect. Neuroscience 2020; 449:1-8. [PMID: 33010340 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that task complexity can affect both performance and brain processing. Event-related potentials (ERPs) studies have shown modulation of the well-known N2 and P3 components. However, limited information is available on the recently described frontal components associated with processing within the anterior insular cortex. This work aims to shed light on the effect of task complexity on the insular ERP components associated with perceptual (pN1) and sensory-motor awareness (pP1), as well as with stimulus-response mapping (the pP2). Moreover, this comparison of tasks with different complexity was expected to provide a new point of view on the debate on inhibitory or conflict monitoring role of the N2 component. Thirty-two participants were assigned to two groups: one performed an easy response task (with only a target and a non-target stimulus), the other one performed a complex response task (with two target and two non-target stimuli). The task comparison revealed enhanced pP1 and pP2 components but a reduced N2 component in the complex paradigm. These results suggest that task complexity may entail greater processing strength in the anterior insula functions associated with endogenous perceptual processing. Also, findings on the N2 activity provide evidence against both the inhibitory and conflict interpretation of this component, as the N2 amplitude was reduced in the complex task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mussini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rinaldo Livio Perri
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; University "Niccolò Cusano", Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Quinzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
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28
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Bianco V, Berchicci M, Livio Perri R, Quinzi F, Mussini E, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Preparatory ERPs in visual, auditory, and somatosensory discriminative motor tasks. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13687. [PMID: 32970337 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous event-related potential (ERP) studies mainly from the present research group showed a novel component, that is, the prefrontal negativity (pN), recorded in visual-motor discriminative tasks during the pre-stimulus phase. This component is concomitant to activity related to motor preparation, that is, the Bereitschaftspotential (BP). The pN component has been reported in experiments based on the visual modality only; for other modalities (acoustic and/or somatosensory) the presence of the pN warrants further investigation. This study represents a first step toward this direction; indeed, we aimed at describing the pN and the BP components in discriminative response tasks (DRTs) for three sensory modalities. In experiment 1 ERPs were recorded in 29 adults in visual and auditory DRT; an additional group of 15 adults participated to a somatosensory DRT (experiment 2). In line with previous results both the pN and the BP were clearly detectable in the visual modality. In the auditory modality the prefrontal pN was not detectable directly; however, the pN could be derived by subtraction of separate EEG traces recorded in a "passive" version of the same auditory task, in which motor responses were not required. In the somatosensory modality both the pN and the BP were detectable, although with lower amplitudes with respect to other two sensory modalities. Overall, regardless of the sensory modality, anticipatory task-related pN and BP components could be detected (or derived by subtraction) over both the prefrontal and motor cortices. These results support the view that anticipatory processes share common components among sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianco
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology Processes, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federico Quinzi
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology Processes, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Mussini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Spinelli
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology Processes, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology Processes, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
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The role of cognitive reserve on prefrontal and premotor cortical activity in visuo-motor response tasks in healthy old adults. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94:185-195. [PMID: 32645547 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR) is a key factor to mitigate the cognitive decline during the aging process. Here, we used event-related potentials to target the preparatory brain activities associated with different levels of CR during visuo-motor simple response tasks (SRTs) and discriminative response tasks (DRTs). EEG was recorded from 28 healthy old (Age: 72.2 ± 4.7 years) and 14 young (Age: 22.2 ± 2.4 years) individuals during an SRT and a DRT. Depending on the CR median score, old participants were divided into either a high (High-CR) or a low CR (Low-CR) group. Behavioral performance and electrophysiological data were compared across the 3 groups. Compared with the Low-CR, the High-CR group showed larger prestimulus prefrontal (prefrontal negativity) and premotor activity (Bereitschaftspotential-BP), in the SRT, and increased premotor readiness (BP), in the DRT. The High-CR was faster and more accurate than the Low-CR group in the DRT and SRT, respectively. The High-CR group revealed enhanced brain preparatory activities that, paralleled to their behavioral performance, might reflect neural compensation and maintenance effects possibly counteracting the age-related decline in cognitive functioning.
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Berchicci M, Sulpizio V, Mento G, Lucci G, Civale N, Galati G, Pitzalis S, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Prompting future events: Effects of temporal cueing and time on task on brain preparation to action. Brain Cogn 2020; 141:105565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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de Tommaso M, Betti V, Bocci T, Bolognini N, Di Russo F, Fattapposta F, Ferri R, Invitto S, Koch G, Miniussi C, Piccione F, Ragazzoni A, Sartucci F, Rossi S, Arcara G, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Delussi M, Gentile E, Giovannelli F, Mannarelli D, Marino M, Mussini E, Pauletti C, Pellicciari MC, Pisoni A, Raggi A, Valeriani M. Pearls and pitfalls in brain functional analysis by event-related potentials: a narrative review by the Italian Psychophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience Society on methodological limits and clinical reliability-part I. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:2711-2735. [PMID: 32388645 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are obtained from the electroencephalogram (EEG) or the magnetoencephalogram (MEG, event-related fields (ERF)), extracting the activity that is time-locked to an event. Despite the potential utility of ERP/ERF in cognitive domain, the clinical standardization of their use is presently undefined for most of procedures. The aim of the present review is to establish limits and reliability of ERP medical application, summarize main methodological issues, and present evidence of clinical application and future improvement. The present section of the review focuses on well-standardized ERP methods, including P300, Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), Mismatch Negativity (MMN), and N400, with a chapter dedicated to laser-evoked potentials (LEPs). One section is dedicated to proactive preparatory brain activity as the Bereitschaftspotential and the prefrontal negativity (BP and pN). The P300 and the MMN potentials have a limited but recognized role in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and consciousness disorders. LEPs have a well-documented usefulness in the diagnosis of neuropathic pain, with low application in clinical assessment of psychophysiological basis of pain. The other ERP components mentioned here, though largely applied in normal and pathological cases and well standardized, are still confined to the research field. CNV, BP, and pN deserve to be largely tested in movement disorders, just to explain possible functional changes in motor preparation circuits subtending different clinical pictures and responses to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Tommaso
- Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Betti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (Santa Lucia Foundation), Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bocci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology & NeuroMi, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Invitto
- INSPIRE - Laboratory of Cognitive and Psychophysiological Olfactory Processes, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (Santa Lucia Foundation), Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.,Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Piccione
- Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Aldo Ragazzoni
- Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Fondazione PAS, Scandicci, Florence, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Sartucci
- Section of Neurophysiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (SI-BIN Lab), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arcara
- Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bianco
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (Santa Lucia Foundation), Rome, Italy.,Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Delussi
- Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gentile
- Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Giovannelli
- Section of Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Mannarelli
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marino
- Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Mussini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Pauletti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Pisoni
- Department of Psychology & NeuroMi, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Raggi
- Unit of Neurology, G.B. Morgagni - L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Neurology Ward Unit, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, Italy. .,Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Chacko SC, Quinzi F, De Fano A, Bianco V, Mussini E, Berchicci M, Perri RL, Di Russo F. A single bout of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise affects reactive, but not proactive cognitive brain functions. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 147:233-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Females are more proactive, males are more reactive: neural basis of the gender-related speed/accuracy trade-off in visuo-motor tasks. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 225:187-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ruggiero F, Ferrucci R, Bocci T, Nigro M, Vergari M, Marceglia S, Barbieri S, Priori A. Spino-cerebellar tDCS modulates N100 components of the P300 event related potential. Neuropsychologia 2019; 135:107231. [PMID: 31628894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of the cerebellum and spinal cord in cognitive processes, we assessed changes in event-related potentials (ERPs), before and after different combinations of spinal and cerebellar direct current stimulation (tDCS) in healthy subjects. METHOD We enrolled 37 volunteers (11 males and 26 females, aged 20-50 years), who were subsequently randomly assigned to one of four stimulation conditions: i) anodal cerebellar tDCS, with the reference electrode over the right shoulder; ii) anodal spinal tDCS, with the reference electrode over the right shoulder; iii) anodal spinal tDCS with cathodal cerebellar tDCS, and iv) sham stimulation. Stimulation intensity was set at 2 mA and delivered for 20 min. ERPs were assessed in an auditory oddball task before (T0) and 5 (T1) and 30 min (T2) after tDCS offset. RESULTS In condition iii, spino-cerebellar tDCS, the N100 component at T2 increased in amplitude by 60% (p = 0.019), whereas the sham stimulation left the N100 amplitude unchanged (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The N100 wave reflects pre-attentive processes and correlates with arousal due to a specific stimuli and selective attention. Because spino-cerebellar tDCS induces electric fields in the brainstem, the facilitation of the N100 may be due to the modulation of the reticular formation. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, spino-cerebellar tDCS can help patients with deficits at the pre-attentive or selective attentional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Ruggiero
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurophysiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrucci
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurophysiology Unit, Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Dipartimento di Scienze della salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; III Neurology Clinic, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bocci
- "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Dipartimento di Scienze della salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; III Neurology Clinic, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Nigro
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurophysiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vergari
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurophysiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Marceglia
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurophysiology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Barbieri
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurophysiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Priori
- "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Dipartimento di Scienze della salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; III Neurology Clinic, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.
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Di Russo F, M B, V B, RL P, S P, F Q, D S. Normative event-related potentials from sensory and cognitive tasks reveal occipital and frontal activities prior and following visual events. Neuroimage 2019; 196:173-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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36
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Guo Y, Bai Y, Xia X, Li J, Wang X, Dai Y, Dang Y, He J, Liu C, Zhang H. Effects of Long-Lasting High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Chronic Disorders of Consciousness: A Pilot Study. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:412. [PMID: 31114475 PMCID: PMC6502996 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) recently was shown to benefit rehabilitation of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). However, high-Definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) has not been applied in DOC. In this study, we tried to use HD-tDCS protocol (2 mA, 20 min, the precuneus, and sustaining 14 days) to rehabilitate 11 patients with DOC. Electroencephalography (EEG) and Coma Recovery Scale–Revised (CRS-R) scores were recorded at before (T0), after a single session (T1), after 7 days’ (T2), and 14 days’ HD-tDCS (T3) to assess the modulation effects. EEG coherence was measured to evaluate functional connectivity during the experiment. It showed that 9 patients’ scores increased compared with the baseline. The central-parietal coherence significantly decreased in the delta band in patients with DOC. EEG coherence might be useful for assessing the effect of HD-tDCS in patients with DOC. Long-lasting HD-tDCS over the precuneus is promising for the treatment of patients with DOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- International Vegetative State and Consciousness Science Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinju Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiwu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dang
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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37
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Berchicci M, Ten Brink AF, Quinzi F, Perri RL, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Electrophysiological evidence of sustained spatial attention effects over anterior cortex: Possible contribution of the anterior insula. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13369. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Italico” Rome Italy
| | - Antonia Francisca Ten Brink
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Federico Quinzi
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia) Rome Italy
| | | | - Donatella Spinelli
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Italico” Rome Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Italico” Rome Italy
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Perri RL, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Quinzi F, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Perceptual load in decision making: The role of anterior insula and visual areas. An ERP study. Neuropsychologia 2019; 129:65-71. [PMID: 30902649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at describing the effects of perceptual load on neurocognitive processes of decision-making. To this aim, we used a visual-motor discriminative task in which pairs of stimuli were assigned to either target or non-target categories. For each category, stimulus configuration was defined as simple or complex according to orientation and arrangement of the constituent segments. Analyses of prefrontal ERPs revealed that the pP1 component (at 180 ms) was larger for complex stimuli than simple for both categories, and the same result was found for the pP2 component (at 320 ms). Occipital ERPs revealed effects of perceptual load on the N1 component, but not on the mainly exogenous P1 component, indicating that amplitude modulations of prefrontal ERPs were not due to physical difference between simple and complex stimuli. Based on the recent literature, we discussed the pP1 activity as reflecting a process of sensory-motor integration, and the pP2 as a stimulus-response mapping process resulting from two gradients of activity: one category-based (larger for target than non-target stimuli), the other decision effort-based (enhanced when categorization implied a greater attentional load). Previous ERP-fMRI studies and present source analysis support the view that prefrontal ERPs were generated mainly by activity in the anterior Insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Livio Perri
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy; University of Rome "Niccolò Cusano", Italy.
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy
| | | | | | - Donatella Spinelli
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy
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