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Xu J, Wei Y, Huang Y, Weng X, Wei X. Current understanding and future perspectives on the extraction, structures, and regulation of muscle function of tea pigments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11522-11544. [PMID: 35770615 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2093327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the aggravating aging of modern society, the sarcopenia-based aging syndrome poses a serious potential threat to the health of the elderly. Natural dietary supplements show great potential to reduce muscle wasting and enhance muscle performance. Tea has been widely recognized for its health-promoting effects. which contains active ingredients such as tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine, caffeine, and vitamins. In different tea production processes, the oxidative condensation and microbial transformation of catechins and other natural substances from tea promotes the production of various tea pigments, including theaflavins (TFs), thearubigins (TRs), and theabrownins (TBs). Tea pigments have shown a positive effect on maintaining muscle health. Nevertheless, the relationship between tea pigments and skeletal muscle function has not been comprehensively elucidated. In addition, the numerous research on the extraction and purification of tea pigments is disordered with the limited recent progress due to the complexity of species and molecular structure. In this review, we sort out the strategies for the separation of tea pigments, and discuss the structures of tea pigments. On this basis, the regulation mechanisms of tea pigments on muscle functional were emphasized. This review highlights the current understanding on the extraction methods, molecular structures and regulation mechanisms of muscle function of tea pigments. Furthermore, main limitations and future perspectives are proposed to provide new insights into broadening theoretical research and industrial applications of tea pigments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Baoshan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchu Weng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Baoshan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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2
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Włodarczyk K, Smolińska B, Majak I. The Antioxidant Potential of Tomato Plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) under Nano-ZnO Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11833. [PMID: 37511592 PMCID: PMC10380518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most valuable horticulture crops, consumed in both its raw and processed forms. To increase yield and efficiency, conventional and organic fertilizers are utilized in modern agriculture. Traditional fertilizers increase crop yield but are harmful to the environment. These circumstances motivate the pursuit of an alternate solution. The purpose of this research was to investigate how the application of nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) combined with conventional fertilizer influence tomato plants' development, including the antioxidant potential of cultivated plants. Three factors such as different types of cultivars, dosage of applied nano-ZnO solution and the method of nanoparticles application were implemented. Multiple analysis of selected antioxidants content and their activities such as malondialdehyde (MDA), flavonoids, polyphenols, ascorbic acid, peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase (CAT) were analyzed. The obtained data exhibited that all examined parameters were strongly dependent on three implemented factors: concentration of nano-ZnO suspension, the type of cultivated tomato and the method of nanoparticles application. For instance, the accumulation of MDA in cultivated plants was different among plants under nanoparticles treatment, but in one specific case (Malinowy Bossman cultivar treated with 50 mg/L nano-ZnO suspension) the content of this marker was decreased by 34% in comparison to the corresponding control. Nevertheless, the results presented in this study showed that the usage of certain doses of nano-ZnO suspension may increase the antioxidant potential of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Włodarczyk
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Smolińska
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Majak
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
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3
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Borromeo I, Domenici F, Del Gallo M, Forni C. Role of Polyamines in the Response to Salt Stress of Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091855. [PMID: 37176913 PMCID: PMC10181493 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants irrigated with saline solutions undergo osmotic and oxidative stresses, which affect their growth, photosynthetic activity and yield. Therefore, the use of saline water for irrigation, in addition to the increasing soil salinity, is one of the major threats to crop productivity worldwide. Plant tolerance to stressful conditions can be improved using different strategies, i.e., seed priming and acclimation, which elicit morphological and biochemical responses to overcome stress. In this work, we evaluated the combined effect of priming and acclimation on salt stress response of a tomato cultivar (Solanum lycopersicum L.), very sensitive to salinity. Chemical priming of seeds was performed by treating seeds with polyamines (PAs): 2.5 mM putrescine (PUT), 2.5 mM spermine (SPM) and 2.5 mM spermidine (SPD). Germinated seeds of primed and non-primed (controls) were sown in non-saline soil. The acclimation consisted of irrigating the seedlings for 2 weeks with tap water, followed by irrigation with saline and non-saline water for 4 weeks. At the end of the growth period, morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters were determined. The positive effects of combined treatments were evident, when primed plants were compared to non-primed, grown under the same conditions. Priming with PAs improved tolerance to salt stress, reduced the negative effects of salinity on growth, improved membrane integrity, and increased photosynthetic pigments, proline and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses in all salt-exposed plants. These results may open new perspectives and strategies to increase tolerance to salt stress in sensitive species, such as tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Borromeo
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Domenici
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Del Gallo
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Cinzia Forni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Chlorogenic Acid from Potato Sprout Waste and Enhancement of the In Vitro Total Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020348. [PMID: 36829906 PMCID: PMC9952679 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato sprouts, an underutilized by-product of potato processing, could be exploited for the recovery of caffeoyl-quinic acids (CQAs), a family of polyphenols with well-recognized biological activities. In this work, the predominant compound of this class, 5-CQA, was extracted by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) under conditions optimized by an Experimental Design. The investigated variables solid/solvent ratio (1:10-1:50 g/mL), water content in ethanol (30-100% v/v) and UAE time (5-20 min) highlighted a critical influence of the last two factors on the extraction efficiency: extracts richer in 5-CQA were obtained with lower water content (30%) and time (5 min). The addition of ascorbic acid (1.7 mM) as anti-browning agent to the extraction solvent improved the extraction efficiency of 5-CQA compared to acetic and citric acids (3158.71 μg/mL, 1766.71 μg/mL, 1468.20 μg/mL, respectively). A parallel trend for the three acids and an increase in 5-CQA recovery was obtained with the use of freeze-dried sprouts (4980.05 μg/mL, 4795.62, 4211.25 μg/mL, respectively). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in vitro demonstrated UAE being a more valuable technique than conventional maceration. Furthermore, three-times-higher values of TPC (7.89 mg GAE/g) and TAC (FRAP: 24.01 mg TE/g; DPPH: 26.20 mg TE/g; ABTS 26.72 mg TE/g) were measured for the optimized extract compared to the initial one. An HPLC-DAD method was applied to monitor 5-CQA recovery, while an LC-HRMS/MS investigation allowed us to perform analyte identity confirmation along with detection of the glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine. This evidence underlines the necessity to develop purification strategies in order to maximize the potential of potato sprout waste as a source of 5-CQA.
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Zhu J, Liu J, Li W, Ru Y, Sun D, Liu C, Li Z, Liu W. Dynamic changes in community structure and degradation performance of a bacterial consortium MMBC-1 during the subculturing revival reveal the potential decomposers of lignocellulose. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:110. [PMID: 38647799 PMCID: PMC10991580 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial consortium is an important source of lignocellulolytic strains, but it is still a challenge to distinguish the direct decomposers of lignocellulose from other bacteria in such a complex community. This study aims at addressing this issue by focusing on the dynamic changes in community structure and degradation activity of MMBC-1, an established and stable lignocellulolytic bacterial consortium, during its subculturing revival. MMBC-1 was cryopreserved with glycerol as a protective agent and then inoculated for revival. Its enzyme activities for degradation recovered to the maximum level after two rounds of subculturing. Correspondingly, the cellulose and hemicellulose in lignocellulosic carbon source were gradually decomposed during the revival. Meanwhile, the initial dominant bacteria represented by genus Clostridium were replaced by the bacteria belonging to Lachnospira, Enterococcus, Bacillus, Haloimpatiens genera and family Lachnospiraceae. However, only three high-abundance (> 1%) operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (Lachnospira, Enterococcus and Haloimpatiens genera) were suggested to directly engage in lignocellulose degradation according to correlation analysis. By comparison, many low-abundance OTUs, such as the ones belonging to Flavonifractor and Anaerotruncus genera, may play an important role in degradation. These findings showed the dramatic changes in community structure that occurred during the subculturing revival, and paved the way for the discovery of direct decomposers in a stable consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yunrui Ru
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Di Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Weijie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China.
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García-Machado FJ, García-García AL, Borges AA, Jiménez-Arias D. Root treatment with a vitamin K 3 derivative: a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides against Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:974-981. [PMID: 34738317 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold has a great economic impact on several important crops. This necrotrophic fungus causes disease symptoms during vegetative growth and also into postharvest stages. The current method to combat this disease is fungicide application, with high economic costs and environmentally unsustainable impacts. Moreover, there is an increasing general public health concern about these strategies of crop protection. We studied the protection of tomato plants against B. cinerea by previous root treatment with menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB), a known plant defense activator. RESULTS Root treatment 48 h before inoculation with MSB 0.6 mmol L-1 reduced leaf lesion diameter by 30% and notably cell deaths, compared to control plants 72 h after inoculation. We studied the expression level of several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes from different defense transduction pathways, and found that MSB primes higher PR1 expression against B. cinerea. However, this stronger induced resistance was impaired in transgenic salicylic acid-deficient NahG line. Additionally, in the absence of pathogen challenge, MSB increased tomato plant growth by 28% after 10 days. Our data provide evidence that MSB protects tomato plants against B. cinerea by priming defense responses through the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent signaling pathway and reducing oxidative stress. CONCLUSION This work confirms the efficacy of MSB as plant defense activator against B. cinerea and presents a novel alternative to combat gray mold in important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J García-Machado
- Chemical Plant Defense Activators Group, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, IPNA-CSIC, Campus de Anchieta, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Applied Plant Biology Group, Department of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics. Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Anchieta, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana L García-García
- Chemical Plant Defense Activators Group, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, IPNA-CSIC, Campus de Anchieta, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Applied Plant Biology Group, Department of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics. Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Anchieta, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Andrés A Borges
- Chemical Plant Defense Activators Group, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, IPNA-CSIC, Campus de Anchieta, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - David Jiménez-Arias
- Chemical Plant Defense Activators Group, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, IPNA-CSIC, Campus de Anchieta, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Sharma A, Vázquez LAB, Hernández EOM, Becerril MYM, Oza G, Ahmed SSSJ, Ramalingam S, Iqbal HMN. Green remediation potential of immobilized oxidoreductases to treat halo-organic pollutants persist in wastewater and soil matrices - A way forward. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133305. [PMID: 34929272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The alarming presence of hazardous halo-organic pollutants in wastewater and soils generated by industrial growth, pharmaceutical and agricultural activities is a major environmental concern that has drawn the attention of scientists. Unfortunately, the application of conventional technologies within hazardous materials remediation processes has radically failed due to their high cost and ineffectiveness. Consequently, the design of innovative and sustainable techniques to remove halo-organic contaminants from wastewater and soils is crucial. Altogether, these aspects have led to the search for safe and efficient alternatives for the treatment of contaminated matrices. In fact, over the last decades, the efficacy of immobilized oxidoreductases has been explored to achieve the removal of halo-organic pollutants from diverse tainted media. Several reports have indicated that these enzymatic constructs possess unique properties, such as high removal rates, improved stability, and excellent reusability, making them promising candidates for green remediation processes. Hence, in this current review, we present an insight of green remediation approaches based on the use of immobilized constructs of phenoloxidases (e.g., laccase and tyrosinase) and peroxidases (e.g., horseradish peroxidase, chloroperoxidase, and manganese peroxidase) for sustainable decontamination of wastewater and soil matrices from halo-organic pollutants, including 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, diclofenac, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, 76130, Mexico.
| | - Luis Alberto Bravo Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, 76130, Mexico
| | | | | | - Goldie Oza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/n, Sanfandila. Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, 76703, Mexico
| | - Shiek S S J Ahmed
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Sathishkumar Ramalingam
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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Zeng W, Li B, Li H, Jin H, Wu D, Li Y. A pervaporation-crystallization (PC) process for simultaneous recovery of ethanol and sodium pyruvate from waste centrifugal mother liquid. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Koohi S, Nasernejad B, Zare MH, Elahifard M, Shirazian S, Ghadiri M. Extraction of Oxidative Enzymes from Green Tea Leaves and Optimization of Extraction Conditions. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Koohi
- Amirkabir University of Technology Chemical Engineering Department Tehran Iran
| | - Bahram Nasernejad
- Amirkabir University of Technology Chemical Engineering Department Tehran Iran
| | - Masoud Habibi Zare
- Isfahan University of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering 84156-83111 Isfahan Iran
| | - Maryam Elahifard
- Islamic Azad University Department of Food Technology, Mahallat Branch Mahallat Iran
| | - Saeed Shirazian
- University of Limerick Department of Chemical Sciences Bernal Institute Limerick Ireland
- South Ural State University Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs 76 Lenin prospekt 454080 Chelyabinsk Russia
| | - Mahdi Ghadiri
- Duy Tan University Institute of Research and Development 550000 Da Nang Vietnam
- Duy Tan University The Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering 550000 Da Nang Vietnam
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A Green and Simple Protocol for Extraction and Application of a Peroxidase-Rich Enzymatic Extract. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:mps3020025. [PMID: 32224955 PMCID: PMC7359449 DOI: 10.3390/mps3020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently there is a great social expectation that scientists should produce more sustainable and environmentally friendly chemical processes. Within this necessity, biocatalysis presents many attractive features because reactions are often performed in water, under mild conditions, the catalyst is biodegradable and can be obtained from renewable raw materials. In this work, we propose a simple, rapid and low-cost method for the preparation and application of an enzymatic extract from turnip root. The protocol described includes (1) the preparation of the enzymatic extract, (2) the procedure for the assessment of the more favorable working parameters (temperature, pH) and (3) the methodology for the application of the extract as the catalyst for biotransformation reactions. We anticipate that the protocol in this research will provide a simple way for obtaining an enzymatic extract which can operate efficiently under mild conditions and can effectively catalyze the biotransformation of simple phenols.
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Zhang G, Yang J, Cui D, Zhao D, Li Y, Wan X, Zhao J. Transcriptome and Metabolic Profiling Unveiled Roles of Peroxidases in Theaflavin Production in Black Tea Processing and Determination of Tea Processing Suitability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3528-3538. [PMID: 32129069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Theaflavins (TFs) are generated by endogenous polyphenol oxidase (PPO)- and peroxidase (POD)-catalyzed catechins oxidation during black tea processing, which needs to be well-controlled to obtain a proper TFs/thearubigins (TRs) ratio for better quality. Not all leaves from any tea plant cultivars or varieties are suitable for making high-quality black teas, regardless of the processing techniques. The mechanisms underlying TFs formation and the main factors determining the tea leaf processing suitability are not fully understood. We here integrated transcriptome and metabolite profiling of tea leaves to unveil how enzymes or metabolites in leaves are changed during black tea processing. The information enabled us to identify several PPO and POD genes potentially involved in tea processing for TF production. We characterized a POD gene, whose recombinant enzyme showed TF creation activity. The capacity for POD-catalyzed TF production could be used as a molecular marker for breeding tea plant varieties suitable for high-quality black tea production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jihong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dandan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
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