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Imam RAEN, Aboulhoda BE, Amer MM, Hassan FE, Alghamdi MA, Abdel-Hamed MR. Role of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis and telocyte modulation in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: A closer look at the structural level. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1598-1614. [PMID: 38441397 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (Dox) is a major complication in cancer patients. Exosomes (Ex) derived from mesenchymal cells could be a promising therapeutic for various heart diseases. This study investigated the role of Ex in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and its mechanistic insights, using Sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) as a reference drug widely recommended in heart failure management. The study involved 24 Wistar rats, divided into a control, Dox, Dox + S/V, and Dox + Ex groups. The rats were assessed for cardiac enzymes, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Immunohistochemical expression of caspase-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NrF2), E-Cadherin, CD117/c-kit, and Platelet-derived growth factor-α (PDGFα) was evaluated. P53 and Annexin V were assessed by PCR. Histological examination was performed using hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red stains. Ex ameliorated the adverse cardiac pathological changes and significantly decreased the cardiac enzymes and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Ex also exerted antifibrotic and antiapoptotic effect in heart tissue. Ex treatment also improved NrF2 immunohistochemistry, up-regulated E-Cadherin immune expression, and restored the telocyte markers CD117/c-kit and PDGFα. Ex can mitigate Dox-induced cardiotoxicity by acting as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antifibrotic agents, restoring telocytes and modulating epithelial mesenchymal transition. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Exosomes exhibit positive expression for CD90 and CD105 whereas showing -ve expression for CD 34 by flow cytometry. Exosomes restore the immunohistochemical expression of the telocytes markers CD117/c-kit and PDGFα. Exosomes alleviate myocardial apoptosis, oxidative stress and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda A El Nasser Imam
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Amer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma E Hassan
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- General Medicine Practice Program, Department of Physiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour A Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R Abdel-Hamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Sanches BDA, Teófilo FBS, Brunet MY, Villapun VM, Man K, Rocha LC, Neto JP, Matsumoto MR, Maldarine JS, Ciena AP, Cox SC, Carvalho HF. Telocytes: current methods of research, challenges and future perspectives. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:141-155. [PMID: 38539007 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are CD34-positive interstitial cells that have long cytoplasmic projections, called telopodes; they have been identified in several organs and in various species. These cells establish a complex communication network between different stromal and epithelial cell types, and there is growing evidence that they play a key role in physiology and pathology. In many tissues, TC network impairment has been implicated in the onset and progression of pathological conditions, which makes the study of TCs of great interest for the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarise the main methods involved in the characterisation of these cells as well as their inherent difficulties and then discuss the functional assays that are used to uncover the role of TCs in normal and pathological conditions, from the most traditional to the most recent. Furthermore, we provide future perspectives in the study of TCs, especially regarding the establishment of more precise markers, commercial lineages and means for drug delivery and genetic editing that directly target TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco B S Teófilo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Y Brunet
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Victor M Villapun
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kenny Man
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Lara C Rocha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1515 24 A Ave., Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1515 24 A Ave., Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta R Matsumoto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano P Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1515 24 A Ave., Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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El-Desoky SMM, Elhanbaly R, Hifny A, Ibrahim N, Gaber W. Temporospatial dynamics of the morphogenesis of the rabbit retina from prenatal to postnatal life: Light and electron microscopic study. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:774-789. [PMID: 38062556 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The retina consists of various cell types arranged in eight cell layers and two membranes that originate from the neuroectodermal cells. In this study, the timing of differentiation and distribution of the cellular components and the layers of the rabbit retina are investigated using light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques. There were 32 rabbit embryos and 12 rabbits used. The rabbit retina begins its prenatal development on the 10th day of gestation in the form of optic cup. The process of neuro- and gliogenesis occurs in several stages: In the first stage, the ganglionic cells are differentiated at the 15th day. The second stage includes the differentiation of Muller, amacrine, and cone cells on the 23rd day. The differentiation of bipolar, horizontal, and rod cells and formation of the inner segments of the photoreceptors consider the late stage that occurs by the 27th and 30th day of gestation. On the first week of age postnatally, the outer segments of the photoreceptors are developed. S100 protein is expressed by the Muller cells and its processes that traverse the retina from the outer to the inner limiting membranes. Calretinin is intensely labeled within the amacrine and displaced amacrine cells. Ganglionic cells exhibited moderate immunoreactivity for calretinin confined to their cytoplasm and dendrites. In conclusion, all stages of neuro- and gliogenesis of the rabbit retina occur during the embryonic period. Then, the retina continues its development postnatally by formation of the photoreceptor outer segments and all layers of the retina become established. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The aim of this study is to investigate the morphogenesis of the rabbit retina during pre- and postnatal life. The primordia of the retina could be observed in the form of the optic cup. The ganglionic cells are the first cells to differentiate, while the photoreceptor cells are the last. S100 protein is expressed by the Muller cells and its processes. Calretinin is intensely labeled in the amacrine and displaced amacrine cells and moderately expressed in the cytoplasm and dendrites of ganglionic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M M El-Desoky
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ruwaida Elhanbaly
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdalla Hifny
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Ibrahim
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Gaber
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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4
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Pawlicki P, Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Tworzydlo W, Kotula-Balak M. Toward understanding the role of the interstitial tissue architects: Possible functions of telocytes in the male gonad. Theriogenology 2024; 217:25-36. [PMID: 38241912 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Telocytes represent a relatively recently discovered population of interstitial cells with a unique morphological structure that distinguishes them from other neighboring cells. Through their long protrusions extending from the cell body, telocytes create microenvironments via tissue compartmentalization and create homo- and hetero-cellular junctions. These establish a three-dimensional network enabling the maintenance of interstitial compartment homeostasis through regulation of extracellular matrix organization and activity, structural support, paracrine and juxtracrine communication, immunomodulation, immune surveillance, cell survival, and apoptosis. The presence of telocytes has also been confirmed in testicular interstitial tissue of many species of animals. The objective of this review is to summarize recent findings on telocytes in the male gonad, on which conclusions have been deduced that indicate the involvement of telocytes in maintaining the cytoarchitecture of the testicular interstitial tissue, in the processes of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, and photoperiod-mediated changes in the testes in seasonally reproductive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawlicki
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Begum Yurdakok-Dikmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, 06110, Dışkapı, Turkey.
| | - Waclaw Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-385, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
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5
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Sanches BDA, Tamarindo GH, da Silva ADT, Amaro GM, Dos Santos Maldarine J, Dos Santos VA, Guerra LHA, Baraldi CMB, Góes RM, Taboga SR, Carvalho HF. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) increases the number of telocytes in ex vivo and in vitro assays. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:419-433. [PMID: 37474667 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes are interstitial cells that are present in various tissues, have long cytoplasmic projections known as telopodes, and are classified as CD34+ cells. Telopodes form extensive networks that permeate the stroma, and there is evidence that these networks connect several stromal cell types, giving them an important role in intercellular communication and the maintenance of tissue organisation. Data have also shown that these networks can be impaired and the number of telocytes reduced in association with many pathological conditions such as cancer and fibrosis. Thus, techniques that promote telocyte proliferation have become an important therapeutic target. In this study, ex vivo and in vitro assays were conducted to evaluate the impact on prostatic telocytes of SDF-1, a factor involved in the proliferation and migration of CD34+ cells. SDF-1 caused an increase in the number of telocytes in explants, as well as morphological changes that were possibly related to the proliferation of these cells. These changes involved the fusion of telopode segments, linked to an increase in cell body volume. In vitro assays also showed that SDF-1 enriched prostate stromal cells with telocytes. Altogether, the data indicate that SDF-1 may offer promising uses in therapies that aim to increase the number of telocytes. However, further studies are needed to confirm the efficiency of this factor in different tissues/pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Domingos Azevedo Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russel Av., Carl Von Linnaeus Street., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Henrique Tamarindo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russel Av., Carl Von Linnaeus Street., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alana Della Torre da Silva
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo St., São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Matheus Amaro
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo St., São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dos Santos Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russel Av., Carl Von Linnaeus Street., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitória Alário Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo St., São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo St., São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Carolina Marques Bedolo Baraldi
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo St., São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo St., São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo St., São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russel Av., Carl Von Linnaeus Street., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Yang D, Yuan L, Chen S, Zhang Y, Ma X, Xing Y, Song J. Morphological and histochemical identification of telocytes in adult yak epididymis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5295. [PMID: 37002252 PMCID: PMC10066225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a newly discovered type of mesenchymal cell that are closely related to the tissue's internal environment. The study aimed to investigate the morphological identification of TCs in the epididymis of adult yak and their role in the local microenvironment. In this study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blotting were used to analyze the cell morphology of TCs. The results showed that there are two types of TCs in the epididymal stroma of yak by TEM; one type is distributed around the capillaries with full cell bodies, longer TPs, and a large number of secretory vesicles; the other is distributed outside the basement membrane with irregularly long, striped, large nuclei and short telopodes (TPs). In addition, these TCs formed complex TC cell networks through TPs with epididymal interstitial capillaries and basal fibroblasts. TCs often appear near the capillaries and basement membrane by special staining. The surface markers of TCs (CD34, vimentin, and CD117) were positively expressed in the epididymal stroma and epithelium by immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence co-expression of vimentin + CD34 and CD117 + CD34 was observed on the surface of TCs. The trends in the mRNA and protein expression of TCs surface markers revealed expression was highest in the caput epididymis. In summary, this is first report of TCs in the epididymis of yak, and two phenotypes of TCs were observed. The existence and distribution characteristics of TCs in the epididymis of plateau yaks provide important clues for further study of the adaptation to reproductive function in the plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ligang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Shaoyu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yindi Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juanjuan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Soliman SA, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abou-Elhamd AS, Kamel BM, Abdellah N, Mustafa FEZA. Role of Uterine Telocytes During Pregnancy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS 2023; 29:283-302. [DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Endometrial remolding and angiogenesis are critical events that occur during pregnancy in order to establish uteroplacental vascular communication. This study investigated the role of uterine telocytes (TCs) in pregnancy. We analyzed the distribution of TCs and morphological changes in the endometrium of the gravid rabbit uterus at different stages of pregnancy: after ovulation, pre-implantation (day 7), post-implantation (days 8 and 9), and mid-pregnancy (day 14) and late (days 21–28) pregnancy. TCs gradually increased with the progression of pregnancy. They had distinctive telopodes (TPs) and podoms, with intranucleolar chromatin. The TCs established contact with decidual cells, growing a glandular epithelium, blood vessels, and immune cells, such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages. The TCs underwent morphological changes at the post-implantation phase. They acquired thick and voluminous TPs, formed an extensive three-dimensional (3D) labyrinth at mid-pregnancy, and exhibited irregular-shaped nuclei and a dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum at late pregnancy. They also acquired a convoluted contour-formed complex network. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed an extensive 3D network in the endometrium, forming a condensed sheath at late pregnancy. Transmission electron microscopy and SEM detected fenestrated TPs, and TCs were identified by CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. TCs also expressed matrix metalloproteinase-9 and transforming growth factor beta-1. Results suggested that TCs might play an essential role in maternal placenta formation, especially decidualization, regulation of uterine gland development, and neovascularization of maternal uterine blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University , Qena , Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
| | - Alaa S Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University , Jazan , Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Mohamed Kamel
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City , Sadat City 32897 , Egypt
| | - Nada Abdellah
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University , Sohag 82524 , Egypt
| | - Fatma El-Zahraa A Mustafa
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
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Soliman SA, Madkour FA. Pre-gastric secretory epithelium: A light, scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of an epithelial modification of the esophagus in embryonic quails. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3932-3944. [PMID: 36223520 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated epithelial modification of embryonic quail esophagus using gross examination, light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. By semithin sections, the pre-gastric modified region had unfolded mucosa, formed epithelial flabs and pockets, and had reduced muscularis mucosae, thin muscular layer, less glandular tissue, and outer esophageal groove. Conversely, the normal esophageal mucosa was folded, had abundant glandular tissue and prominent muscularis mucosae, with two muscular layers; the outer and the inner. The modified epithelium resembled stratified squamous type that had a high affinity for PAS, methylene blue, and PAP stains. Ultra-structural features of the modified esophageal epithelium resembled stratified squamous epithelium and contained hypertrophic Keratinocytes; dark and light. Hypertrophic keratinocytes had RER organized, few ribosomes, and developed loose bundle of cytokeratin compared with squamous keratinocytes. Hypertrophic Keratinocytes synthesize two types of granules; peripherally located small electron-dense granules and large electron-lucent granules. Hypertrophic keratinocytes had peroxisomes that were identified by the crystalline core of the urate oxidase. In conclusion, epithelia modification may have secretory function. Further studies should be carried out to explain the exact function of this type of modified epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Madkour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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9
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Soliman SA, Sobh A, Ali LA, Abd-Elhafeez HH. Two distinctive types of telocytes in gills of fish: A light, immunohistochemical and ultra-structure study. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3653-3663. [PMID: 35920019 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a vital constituent of interstitial tissue. They contribute to regulating cell function in heterotypic connections via direct contact or paracrine singling. Few studies mentioned intraepithelial TCs; however, they have been identified with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this study, we investigated the intraepithelial and interstitial TCs using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and TEM. TCs can be identified by their distinctive telopodes (TPs), which consist of podoms and podomere, using TEM and immunohistochemical staining with CD34, CD117, and VEGF antibodies. Intraepithelial TCs established heterocontact with the lamellar capillary and interstitial TCs connected with the blood vessel in lamina propria. Intraepithelial TCs established direct contact with epithelial cells, which formed the lymph space while interstitial TCs connected with the secondary vascular vessels. The study provides evidence for TCs' heterocontact with lamellar blood capillaries, the blood vessels, chloride cells, and immune cells, such as rodlet cells and lymphocytes. In conclusion, TCs have a role in regulating respiratory activities, maintaining osmotic pressure, modulating the immune response, and conducting immunosurveillance. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We investigated the intraepithelial and interstitial TCs using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and TEM. TCs can be identified by their distinctive telopodes (TPs), which consist of podoms and podomere, using TEM and immunohistochemical staining with CD34, CD117, and VEGF antibodies. Intraepithelial TCs established heterocontact with the lamellar capillary and interstitial TCs connected with the blood vessel in lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Sobh
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jizan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lobna A Ali
- Cell Biology and Histochemistry, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of cell and tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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10
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El-Sherry TM, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Sayed MAM. New insights into sperm rheotaxis, agglutination and bundle formation in Sharkasi chickens based on an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13003. [PMID: 35906270 PMCID: PMC9338266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertility in birds is dependent on their ability to store adequate populations of viable sperm for extended durations in sperm storage tubules (SSTs). The exact mechanisms by which sperm enter, reside, and egress from the SSTs are still controversial. Sharkasi chicken sperm showed a high tendency to agglutinate, forming motile thread-like bundles comprising many cells. Since it is difficult to observe sperm motility and behavior inside the opaque oviduct, we employed a microfluidic device with a microchannel cross-section resembling close to that of sperm glands allowing for the study of sperm agglutination and motility behavior. This study discusses how sperm bundles are formed, how they move, and what role they may have in extending sperm residency inside the SSTs. We investigated sperm velocity and rheotaxis behavior when a fluid flow was generated inside a microfluidic channel by hydrostatic pressure (flow velocity = 33 µm/s). Spermatozoa tended to swim against the flow (positive rheotaxis) and sperm bundles had significantly lower velocity compared to lonesome sperm. Sperm bundles were observed to swim in a spiral-like motion and to grow in length and thickness as more lonesome sperm are recruited. Sperm bundles were observed approaching and adhering to the sidewalls of the microfluidic channels to avoid being swept with fluid flow velocity > 33 µm/s. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that sperm bundles were supported by a copious dense substance. The findings show the distinct motility of Sharkasi chicken sperm, as well as sperm's capacity to agglutinate and form motile bundles, which provides a better understanding of long-term sperm storage in the SSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taymour M El-Sherry
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - M A M Sayed
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
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Soliman SA, Emeish WFA, Abdel-Hafeez HH. Lactoferrin improves the immune response and resistance of silver carp, a hematological, light (histochemical and immunohistochemical), fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopic study. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3565-3581. [PMID: 35876377 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein that has roles in iron metabolism, cell generation and differentiation, and antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic activity. The study aim was to evaluate the effect of dietary lactoferrin powder on the innate immune response and disease resistance of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) infected with Vibrio vulnificus. The study also investigates immune cells in different organs including gills, intestine, spleen, liver, and pancreas using light, scan electron microcopy. Two diet regimes, a basic diet and a 600-mg/kg bovine lactoferrin-supplemented diet were used. The fish were fed for 30 successive days. We included 270 apparently healthy silver carp (H. Molitrix) with an average body weight of 10 ± 2 g/fish. Addition of lactoferrin to the diet led to an increase in the activity of non-specific immune parameters; lymphocytes, and in the monocytes percentage, and in total protein, serum globulin, and albumin, with a corresponding increase in phagocytic activities and indices. The histological analysis revealed increase immune cells such as lymphocytes in intestine, rodlet cells in liver, gills, and pancreas, and the macrophages in liver, pancreas as well as spleen. The lactoferrin-supplemented diet significantly increased survival and disease resistance following V. vulnificus challenge, which seemed to correspond to an enhancement of non-specific immune functions in H. molitrix. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The study evaluates the effect of dietary lactoferrin powder on the innate immune response and disease resistance of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) infected with Vibrio vulnificus. The study also investigates immune cells in different organs including gills, intestine, spleen, liver, and pancreas using light, scan electron microcopy. Lactoferrin increases the activity of nonspecific immune parameters; lymphocytes, and in the monocytes percentage, and in total protein, serum globulin, and albumin, with a corresponding increase in phagocytic activities and indices. The histological analysis revealed increase immune cells such as lymphocytes in intestine, rodlet cells in liver, gills, and pancreas, and the macrophages in liver, pancreas as well as spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Walaa F A Emeish
- Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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12
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, El-Sayed AM, Ahmed AM, Soliman SA, Zaki RS, Abd El-Mageed DS. Detection of food fraud of meat products from the different brands by application of histological methods. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:1538-1556. [PMID: 34894030 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In Sohag City, 400 samples were collected from different food markets of different meat products from two companies with high and low prices (e.g., minced meat, kofta sausage, beef burger, and luncheon meat) for determining food fraud. Light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the samples. "Special histochemical stains" permit the microscopic examination of different cell types, structures, and/or microorganisms. Histological examination revealed variant tissue types, besides skeletal muscles. Nuchal ligaments, bones, hyaline cartilages, white fibrocartilages, large and medium arteries, cardiac muscles, tendons, and collagenous connective tissues comprised the capsule of a parenchymatous organ. Additionally, a crystal of food additives was recognized using light microscopy and SEM. SEM allows the visualization of bacterial contamination. Using different microscopic anatomy techniques is an efficient methodology for qualitative evaluations of various meat products. No difference in quality was observed between low- and high-priced meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Meawad Ahmed
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Mustafa FEZA. The Cellular Architecture of the Primo Vascular System. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2022; 15:4-11. [DOI: 10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Mirancea N, Mirancea GV, Moroşanu AM, Moroşanu AM. Telocytes inside of the peripheral nervous system - a 3D endoneurial network and putative role in cell communication. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2022; 63:335-347. [PMID: 36374139 PMCID: PMC9804078 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.63.2.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we developed the hypothesis concerning the reasons to assimilate endoneurial fibroblast-like dendritic phenotype [shortly termed endoneurial dendritic cells (EDCs)] to the endoneurial telocytes (TCs). We reviewed the literature concerning EDCs status and report our observations on ultrastructure and some immune electron microscopic aspects of the cutaneous peripheral nerves. Our data demonstrate that EDCs long time considered as fibroblasts or fibroblast-like, with an ovoidal nucleus and one or more moniliform cell extensions [telopodes (Tps)], which perform homocellular junctions, also able to shed extracellular microvesicles can be assimilated to TC phenotype. Sometimes, small profiles of basement membrane accompany to some extent Tps. Altogether data resulted from scientific literature and our results strength the conclusion EDCs are really TCs inside of the peripheral nervous system. The inner three-dimensional (3D) network of endoneurial TCs by their homo- and heterocellular communications appears as a genuine cell-to-cell communication system inside of each peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Mirancea
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | - Ana-Maria Moroşanu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of
Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Mustafa FEZA, Abdelhafez EA, Abd-Elhafeez HH. Characterization of the primo vascular system in rabbit vagina. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:799-806. [PMID: 34590388 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The primo vascular system (PVS) is observed in different parts of the body under different physiological and disease conditions. Previously, the PVS was not observed in the vagina. The vaginal samples of this study were collected from the female genitalia of healthy New Zealand white rabbits from the animal house, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University. The vaginal samples were fixed in Bouin's solution. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Crossmon's trichrome. Additionally, the sections were immunohistochemically stained with neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). A primo node was observed on the lymph vessel of the vagina and has several characteristics that resemble those of the previously discovered primo nodes. The primo node in this study was surrounded by mesothelial cells that provide positive immunoreactivity to NSE and VEGF. Sinuses of different sizes, floating cells, telocyte-like cell, and primo microcells were observed as the main constituents of the primo node. Additionally, migratory cells were detected, which passed from the primo node to the enclosing lymph vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma El-Zahraa A Mustafa
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Enas A Abdelhafez
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Aleksandrovych V, Wrona A, Bereza T, Pityński K, Gil K. Oviductal Telocytes in Patients with Uterine Myoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081060. [PMID: 34440264 PMCID: PMC8391874 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubal factor infertility occurs in 30–35% of infertile pairs and may be caused by impaired muscular contractility and ciliary beating as well as immunological imbalance and chronic inflammation. Newly discovered telocytes (TCs) have a wide palette of features, which play a role in oviduct physiology. We have observed tissue samples from human fallopian tubes in patients with and without uterine myoma by immunolabelling. According to the immunohistochemical co-expression of markers, it has been determined that TCs are engaged in a wide range of physiological processes, including local innervation, sensitivity to hypoxia, regulation of calcium, and sex steroid hormones balances. Due to the proximity of NOS- and ChAT-positive nerve fibers and the expression of ion channels markers, tubal TCs might be considered conductor cells. Additionally, their integration in contractions and cilia physiology in the context of fertility has been revealed. We have observed the difference in telocytes expression in the human oviduct between groups of patients and attempted to describe this population of cells specifically in the case of infertility development, a clinically relevant avenue for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Aleksandrovych
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Anna Wrona
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Ward with Gynecologic Oncology Subdivision, J.Śniadecki’s Specialistic Hospital, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Bereza
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Kazimierz Pityński
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Soliman SA, Attaai AH, Abdel-Hakeem SS, El-Sayed AM, Abou-Elhamd AS. Endocrine, Stemness, Proliferative, and Proteolytic Properties of Alarm Cells in Ruby-Red-Fin Shark (Rainbow Shark), Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-14. [PMID: 34344492 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the morphological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics of alarm cells and their precursors in ruby-red-fin shark (rainbow shark), Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Precursor alarm cells were shown to be small, cuboidal, pyramidal, or round in shape, with eosinophilic cytoplasm, resting on the basement membrane of the epidermis. The cells later elongated to become columnar in shape. Subsequently, they enlarged and became large oval-shaped cells. They then underwent shrinkage and vacuolation. The superficial alarm cells were collapsed. Alarm cells were found to have an affinity for different histochemical stains, including bromophenol blue, iron hematoxylin, Sudan black, Mallory triple trichrome, Crossman's trichrome, Safranin O, and Weigert's stains, as well as lipase and alkaline phosphatase. Endocrine properties of the alarm cells were identified by silver staining and synaptophysin immunostaining. Alarm cells exhibited stemness activities and had a strong immunoaffinity for CD117. They had a proteolytic function, as identified by lysosome-specific staining with acridine orange and strong immunoaffinity for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9). They also exhibited proliferatively, reflected by immunological staining by proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In conclusion, alarm cells are unique epidermal cells with multiple functions. They play immunological, and endocrine, roles. They also retain stemness and proliferative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
| | - Abdelraheim H Attaai
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
| | - Sara S Abdel-Hakeem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut71516, Egypt
| | - Abeera M El-Sayed
- Fellow, Sohag University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag82524, Egypt
| | - Alaa S Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
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18
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Identification of the Molecular Basis of Nanocurcumin-Induced Telocyte Preservation within the Colon of Ulcerative Colitis Rat Model. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:7534601. [PMID: 34373677 PMCID: PMC8349286 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7534601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Telocytes (TCs) are a distinct type of interstitial cells that play a vital role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and colonic tissue hemostasis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of nanocurcumin (NC) on the morphometric and immunohistochemical characterization of TCs in the ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into control, NC, UC, and UC+NC groups. At the end of the experiment, the colon was dissected and prepared for histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment. Tissue homogenates were prepared for real-time PCR assessment of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) gene expression. Our results revealed extensive mucosal damage with inflammatory cell infiltration, significant reduction of CD34, and vimentin immunostained TCs in the colon of the UC group with significant elevation of expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β. The UC+NC-treated group revealed significant elevation of TC count compared to the UC group besides, a significant reduction of the three gene expression. Conclusion NC successfully targeted the colonic tissue, improved the mucosal lesion, preserve TCs distribution, and count through its anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic properties.
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19
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Developmental events and cellular changes occurred during esophageal development of quail embryos. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7257. [PMID: 33790338 PMCID: PMC8012389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study focused on the histogenesis of the esophagus in quail embryos. Formation of the gut tube occurred on the 4th day of incubation. Development of the muscular layers occurred in a sequential manner; the inner circular layer on the 7th day, the outer longitudinal layer on the 8th day and the muscularis mucosae on the 9th day. Glandular development began on the 13th day of incubation. The epithelium was pseudostratified columnar that consisted of mucous cells, dendritic cells, and keratinocyte precursors. Epithelial stratification occurred on the 15th day of incubation. We used Mallory trichrome, Weigert-Van Gieson, and Gomori silver stains to visualize fibrous components. Scanned samples showed formation of endoderm and mesoderm on the 5th day of incubation. A layer of myoblasts developed on the 8th day of incubation. Formation of mucosal folds, which contained glandular openings, occurred on the 14th to 17th days of incubation. On the 5th to 8th days of incubation, CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) positive-mesodermal cells, and telocytes (TCs) were detected. On the 15th day of incubation, CD34 and VEGF positive-telocytes, and fibroblasts, were identified. The current study described the correlations between functional morphology and evolutionary biology.
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20
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Soliman SA. Telocytes are major constituents of the angiogenic apparatus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5775. [PMID: 33707590 PMCID: PMC7952407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85166-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated role of telocytes (TCs) in angiogenesis during embryonic development of quail using immunohistochemistry (IHC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The angiogenic apparatus consisted of TCs, endothelial cells, and macrophages. TCs were identified morphologically by their telopodes and podoms using TEM and SEM and immunohistochemically using CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). TCs also expressed CD68. TCs formed a three-dimensional network and established direct contact with blood vessels, sprouting endothelial cells, and active macrophages, while exerting their effect through paracrine signaling. VEGF was also expressed by endothelial cells and macrophages. Matrix metalloproteinase–9 (MMP-9) was expressed by TCs, endothelial cells, and macrophages. In conclusion, the expression of VEGF by TCs, endothelial cells, and macrophages is required for the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and vascular growth. The expression of MMP-9 by TCs, endothelial cells, and macrophages is essential for the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components during neoangiogenesis. Macrophages may facilitate phagocytosis and elimination of the degraded ECM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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21
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Hassan AHS, Hussein MT. Melatonin administration provokes the activity of dendritic reticular cells in the seminal vesicle of Soay ram during the non-breeding season. Sci Rep 2021; 11:872. [PMID: 33441634 PMCID: PMC7806754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells which engulf, process and present antigens to the naïve T-lymphocyte cells. However, little is known about the effect of melatonin on the DCs. The present study aimed to investigate the morphology and distribution of the DCs by transmission electron microscopy and Immunohistochemistry after melatonin administration. A total of 8 out of 15 adult ram was randomly selected to receive the melatonin implant and the remaining 7 animals received melatonin free implants. DCs showed positive immunoreactivity for CD117, S-100 protein and CD34. There is an obvious increase in the number of the positive immunoreactive cells to CD3, estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone in the treated groups. The expression of CD56 and MHCII in the DCs was abundant in the treated groups. The ultrastructure study revealed that melatonin exerts a stimulatory effect on the DCs which was associated with increment in the secretory activity of DCs. The secretory activity demarcated by an obvious increase in the number of mitochondria, cisternae of rER and a well-developed Golgi apparatus. The endosomal- lysosomal system was more developed in the treated groups. A rod-shaped Birbeck granule was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the melatonin treated group. DCs were observed in a close contact to telocytes, T-Lymphocytes, nerve fibers and blood vessels. Taken together, melatonin administration elicits a stimulatory action on the DCs and macrophages through increasing the size, the number and the endosomal compartments which may correlate to increased immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - A H S Hassan
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Manal T Hussein
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
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22
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abdo W, Kamal BM, Soliman SA. Fish telocytes and their relation to rodlet cells in ruby-red-fin shark (rainbow shark) Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:18907. [PMID: 33144597 PMCID: PMC7641163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes comprise the major constituents of the supportive interstitial framework within the various organs. They form a 3D network between different types of stromal and non-stromal cells, which makes them distinctively vital. We have previously explored the origin of the peculiar rodlet cells, especially on their differential stages in aquatic species. The current study aimed at highlighting the relation of telocytes with different rodlet stages. Samples of fish, olfactory organs, and gills were processed for semi thin sections, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. It was evident in the study that telocytes formed a 3D interstitial network, entrapping stem cells and differentiating rodlet cells, to establish direct contact with stem cells. Differentiated stem cells and rodlet progenitor cells, practically in the granular and transitional stages, also formed ultrastructure junctional modifications, by which nanostructures are formed to establish cell contact with telocytes. Telocytes in turn also connected with macrophage progenitor cells. Telocytes (TCs) expressed CD34, CD117, VEGF, and MMP-9. In conclusion, telocytes established direct contact with the stem and rodlet cells in various differential stages. Telocytes may vitally influence stem/progenitor cell differentiation, regulate rodlet cell function, and express MPP-9 that may regulate immune cells functions especially, including movement and migration ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Basma Mohamed Kamal
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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Hussein MT, Abdel-Maksoud FM. Structural Investigation of Epididymal Microvasculature and Its Relation to Telocytes and Immune Cells in Camel. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:1024-1034. [PMID: 32665042 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620001786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The vascular and perivascular cells, including telocytes (TCs) and immune cells, play an important role in male fertility. The current study intended to describe in detail the microvascular structures harboring special regulatory devices in addition to the interstitial cellular components of the one-humped camel epididymis. The samples were collected from 10 clinically healthy mature camels (Camelus dromedarius). The distribution and characteristics of TCs, peripheral blood vessels of the epididymis, and immune cells were investigated using the light, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Frequent occlusive or throttle arterioles were demonstrated in the epididymal interstitium and their tunica media consisted of glomus cells. In addition, some vein walls consisted of one or two layers of glomus cells. TCs, fibroblasts, muscle cells, and tunica media of the blood vessels, that present in the loose connective tissue surrounding the intertubular interstitium of camel epididymis, showed a positive reaction with vimentin. The endothelium of blood vessels and veins showed positive immunoreactivity for CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, VEGF, CD34, and S100 proteins were expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) as well as TCs. The current data suggest the involvement of DCs and TCs in angiogenesis and a possible role for the interstitial components in creating an appropriate milieu for the full maturation of sperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal T Hussein
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abou-Elhamd AS, Abdo W, Soliman SA. Migratory Activities and Stemness Properties of Rodlet Cells. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:1035-1052. [PMID: 32819453 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620001828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to characterize different stages of rodlet cells using light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Granular rodlet cells have a distinct granular cytoplasm. Transitional rodlet cells had distinct capsules, and immature granules. Mature rodlet cells were pear-shaped and had elongated granules. Ruptured rodlet cells had a granular cytoplasm. The affinity of rodlet cells for different histochemical techniques was detected. Immunohistochemical analysis of rodlet cells for stem cell markers such as CD117, CD34, proliferation marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), endopeptidase activity; matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MPP-9) and the angiogenic factor; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was investigated. All stages of rodlet cells were expressed CD117. However, the ruptured stage was CD117-negative. The granular, transitional, and mature stages had strong CD34 immunoaffinity, while the ruptured rodlet cells were CD34-negative. The most potent immunoreactivity for PCNA was the granular rodlet cells. The transitional cells exhibited less immunoreactivity, while mature rodlet cells had no immunoaffinity for PCNA. All stages of rodlet cells had high enzyme activity as indicated by Acridine orange and exhibited strong MPP-9 immunoaffinity. VEGF is mostly expressed by granular, transitional, and mature rodlet cells. In conclusion, rodlet cells relatively had stemness properties, endopeptidase activity, express a proliferation marker, and angiogenic factors. We suggest a potential role of rodlet cells in immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
| | - Alaa S Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
| | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh33516, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abou-Elhamd AS, Soliman SA. Morphological and immunohistochemical phenotype of TCs in the intestinal bulb of Grass carp and their potential role in intestinal immunity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14039. [PMID: 32820212 PMCID: PMC7441181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated telocytes (TCs) in the intestinal bulb of Grass carp using light microscopy (LM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). By LM, TCs were distinguished by the typical morphological features that had a cell body and telopodes using HE, toluidine blue, methylene blue, Marsland silver stain, Grimelius's silver nitrate, Giemsa, PAS, combined AB pH2,5/PAS, Crossmon's and Mallory triple trichrome, Van Gieson stains, Verhoeff's stain, Sudan black, osmic acid, performic acid with methylene blue and bromophenol blue. TCs were identified under the epithelium as an individual cell or formed a TCs sheath. They detected in the lamina propria, between muscle fibers, around the myenteric plexus and fibrous tissue. TCs acquired immunological features of endocrine cells that exhibited high affinity for silver stain, performic acid with methylene blue, Marsland stain, and immunohistochemical staining using chromogranin A. Sub epithelial TCs were closely related to the endocrine cells. TCs and their secretory activities were recognized using acridine orange. TCs were identified by IHC using CD34, CD117, S100-protein, desmin. TCs formed a3D network that established contact with macrophage, mast cells, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, smooth muscle fibers, fibroblast, Schwann cells and nerve fibers. In conclusion, the localization of TCs in relation to different types of immune cells indicated their potential role in the maintenance of intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Alaa S Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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Mustafa FEZA, Elhanbaly R. Distribution of estrogen receptor in the rabbit cervix during pregnancy with special reference to stromal elements: an immunohistochemical study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13655. [PMID: 32788713 PMCID: PMC7423906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen plays a critical role during pregnancy through their receptors. Although the rabbit is one of the most important lab animal estrogen receptor alpha (ERA) localization on basic cells, newly discovered cells including telocyte and neuroendocrine cells, vascular compartments and interstitium during pregnancy not been described. At 0 day pregnancy, the most prominent immunoreactivity was moderate to ERA and observed on the ciliated cells, secretory cells, blood plasma, and interstitium. The smooth muscles and the endothelial cells showed mild immunoreactivity to ERA. Lymphocytes only exhibited strong immunoreactivity to ERA. At 7 days pregnancy moderate immunoreactivity to ERA observed on ciliated cells, secretory cells, smooth muscles, interstitium, and lymphocytes. Strong immunoreactivity to ERA detected on endothelial cells and blood plasma. At 14 days of pregnancy, the most prominent immunoreactivity was strong and detected on ciliated cells, smooth muscles, lymphocytes, and interstitium. Moderate immunoreactivity detected on endothelial cells and blood plasma. Secretory cells only exhibited mild immunoreactivity to ERA. At 21 days of pregnancy, the immunoreactivity to ERA ranged between mild on ciliated cells, smooth muscles, blood plasma and interstitium and negative on secretory cells, endothelial cells and lymphocytes. Our results indicated that the frequency and intensity of ERA immunostaining in the rabbit cervix varied on different structural compartments of the cervix during different pregnancy stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma El-Zahraa A Mustafa
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
| | - Ruwaida Elhanbaly
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
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Soliman SA, Kamal BM, Abuo-Elhmad AS, Abd-Elhafeez HH. Morphological and Histochemical Characterization of the Dermal Plates of Pleco ( Hypostomus plecostomus). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:551-566. [PMID: 32423526 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studying the dermal skeleton in fish is valuable for phylogenetic specification. The current study describes the detailed structure of the plecostomus dermal skeleton, including its morphogenesis and distribution in the skin. The denticles have a crown and a basal part and are embedded in bony depressions, to which they are attached by denticle ligaments. During denticle morphogenesis, denticle papillae formed from denticle precursor cells align in two cellular layers: an outer ameloblast precursor layer and an inner odontoblast precursor layer. The ameloblast precursors and odontoblast precursors differentiate and secrete enamel and dentine, respectively. We used different histochemical techniques, including Crossmon's trichrome staining, Weigert-Van Gieson staining, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, combined Alcian blue (AB; pH 2.5)/PAS staining, Weigert-Van Gieson staining, Mallory trichrome staining, and AB staining to distinguish the dentine and denticle ligaments. We used acridine orange to detect lysosome activity during denticle eruption. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the denticle ultrastructure, and scanning electron microscopy was used to detect the topographic distributions of different types of dermal tissues in different anatomical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
| | - Basma Mohamed Kamal
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Alaa S Abuo-Elhmad
- Anatomy, Embryology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Respiratory Care, Faculty of Medical Applied Sciences, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Anatomy, Embryology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Mustafa FEZA, El-Desoky SMM. Architecture and Cellular Composition of the Spleen in the Japanese Quail ( Coturnix japonica). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:589-598. [PMID: 32393414 DOI: 10.1017/s143192762000152x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spleen is considered a key player in birds' immunity. The stroma and the parenchyma of the spleen of the adult quail were demonstrated histologically, histochemically, and ultrastructurally. A thin capsule and the absence of trabeculae were the most characteristics of spleen stroma. The demarcation between white pulp and red pulp was not observed in the quail. White pulp formed from the periarterial lymphatic sheath and the periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath, both of which were surrounded by arteriole and ellipsoid, respectively. Ellipsoids appeared more numerous and were characterized by cuboidal lining of the epithelium and supporting cells. Red pulp consisted of sinuses and cords. White pulp and red pulp of the quail spleen contained various cells, such as red blood cells, macrophages, heterophils with characteristic granules, lymphocytes of different sizes, dendritic cells, plasma cells, and telocytes. In addition, closed circulation and open circulation established the blood flow on the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma El-Zahraa A Mustafa
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Sara M M El-Desoky
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Abdel-Hakeem SS, Mahmoud GAE, Abdel-Hafeez HH. Evaluation and Microanalysis of Parasitic and Bacterial Agents of Egyptian Fresh Sushi, Salmo salar. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:1498-1508. [PMID: 31718724 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761901506x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of fresh sushi in Egypt. Fifty samples of sushi (Salmo salar) were collected from restaurants in Alexandria, Egypt. Paraffin, semi-thin and ultra-thin sections were used for parasitological analysis by light and transmission electron microscopy. Bacteria were isolated by the dilution plate and direct plate methods and identified by a Vitek system. Twenty (40%) of the total examined samples showed microsporidia and helminth metacercariae infections. Histochemical stains showed distinct pinkish-red pyriform microspores embedded in muscular tissue stained with Gram, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stains. Semi-thin sections showed double membrane xenoma-inducing granulomas containing spores at different developmental stages. Empty sporophorous vesicles and free spores were observed in the electron microscopic images. A bacteriological assay showed forty samples (80%) contaminated with human pathogenic bacteria with the average total bacterial counts ranging from 32 to 526 CFU/g. Four species of human pathogenic bacteria were identified in the examined samples, namely Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Serratia plymuthica in 40, 38, 11, and 6 samples, respectively. These constitute the first record of fresh sushi product in Egypt and indicate the potential pathogenicity associated with raw seafood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Abdel-Hakeem
- Parasitology Lab, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | | | - Hanan H Abdel-Hafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
- (Previous PhD student) Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstrasse 13, DE-80539 Munich, Germany
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Soliman SA. Morphological and Histochemical Description of Quail Feather Development. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1865-1883. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Soliman SA, Kamal BM, Abd-Elhafeez HH. Cellular Invasion and Matrix Degradation, a Different Type of Matrix-Degrading Cells in the Cartilage of Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus) and Japanese Quail Embryos ( Coturnix coturnix japonica). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:1283-1292. [PMID: 31583991 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619014892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We previously studied the phenomena of the mesenchymal cell-dependent mode of cartilage growth in quail and catfish. Thus, we selected the two cartilage models in which mesenchymal cells participate in their growth. In such models, cartilage degradation occurred to facilitate cellular invasion. The studies do not explain the nature of the cartilage degrading cells. The current study aims to explore the nature of the cartilage-degrading cells using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry. Samples of cartilage have been isolated from the air-breathing organ of catfish and the cartilage of the prospective occipital bone of quail embryos. Samples have been processed for TEM and immunohistochemistry. We found that two different cell types are involved in cartilage degradation; the macrophage in the cartilage of catfish and mesenchymal cells in the cartilage of the quail. Areas of cellular invasion in both catfish cartilage and quail embryo cartilage had an immunological affinity for MMP-9. In catfish, cartilage-degrading cells had identical morphological features of macrophages, whereas in quail embryos, cartilage-degrading cells were mesenchymal-like cells which had cell processes rich in vesicles and expressed CD117. Further study should consider the role of macrophage and mesenchymal cells during cartilage degradation. This could be valuable to be applied to remove the defective cartilage matrix formed in osteoarthritic patients to improve cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Basma Mohamed Kamal
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat-City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
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