1
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Gao XQ, Li HL, Wang M, Yang CT, Su R, Shao LH. Kaempferol inhibited invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by targeting AKT/GSK3β pathway based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024:1-21. [PMID: 39132822 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2387756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of kaempferol on the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) cells through network pharmacology prediction and experimental verification. It identifies core targets via PPI network analysis and finds that kaempferol binds to these targets well. In vitro experiments showed that kaempferol could inhibit the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of GC cells. Western blotting indicated kaempferol may reduce AKT and GSK3β phosphorylation, leading to lower expression of invasion-related genes SRC, MMP9, CXCR4, KDR, and MMP2. Overall, kaempferol may prevent migration and invasion of GC cells via the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Qing Gao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Gansu Provincial Prescription Mining and Innovative Translational Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hai-Long Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chun-Ting Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine New Product Creation Engineering Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rong Su
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li-Hua Shao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
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2
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Um JH, Zheng Y, Mao Q, Nam C, Zhao H, Koh YW, Shin SJ, Park YM, Lin DC. Genomic and single-cell characterization of patient-derived tumor organoid models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.601068. [PMID: 39005427 PMCID: PMC11244938 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.601068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a significant health burden due to tumor heterogeneity and treatment resistance, emphasizing the need for improved biological understanding and tailored therapies. This study enrolled 31 HNSCC patients for the establishment of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs), which faithfully maintained genomic features and histopathological traits of primary tumors. Long-term culture preserved key characteristics, affirming PDOs as robust representative models. PDOs demonstrated predictive capability for cisplatin treatment responses, correlating ex vivo drug sensitivity with patient outcomes. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing unveiled molecular subtypes and intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) in PDOs, paralleling patient tumors. Notably, a hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal transition (hEMT)-like ITH program is associated with cisplatin resistance and poor patient survival. Functional analyses identified amphiregulin (AREG) as a potential regulator of the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal state. Moreover, AREG contributes to cisplatin resistance via EGFR pathway activation, corroborated by clinical samples. In summary, HNSCC PDOs serve as reliable and versatile models, offer predictive insights into ITH programs and treatment responses, and uncover potential therapeutic targets for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Um
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yueyuan Zheng
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Mao
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R. China
| | - Chehyun Nam
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hua Zhao
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yoon Woo Koh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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3
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Werschler N, Quintard C, Nguyen S, Penninger J. Engineering next generation vascularized organoids. Atherosclerosis 2024:118529. [PMID: 39304390 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are self-organizing 3D cell culture models that are valuable for studying the mechanisms underlying both development and disease in multiple species, particularly, in humans. These 3D engineered tissues can mimic the structure and function of human organs in vitro. Methods to generate organoids have substantially improved to better resemble, in various ways, their in vivo counterpart. One of the major limitations in current organoid models is the lack of a functional vascular compartment. Here we discuss methodological approaches to generating perfusable blood vessel networks in organoid systems. Inclusion of perfused vascular compartments markedly enhances the physiological relevance of organoid systems and is a critical step in the establishment of next generation, higher-complexity in vitro systems for use in developmental, clinical, and drug-development settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Werschler
- University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, Canada; University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Clement Quintard
- University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, Canada; University of British Columbia, Medical Genetics, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephanie Nguyen
- University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Josef Penninger
- University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, Canada; University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, Canada; University of British Columbia, Medical Genetics, Vancouver, Canada; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Germany; Eric Kandel Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; IMBA Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Blomberg R, Sompel K, Hauer C, Smith AJ, Peña B, Driscoll J, Hume PS, Merrick DT, Tennis MA, Magin CM. Hydrogel-Embedded Precision-Cut Lung Slices Model Lung Cancer Premalignancy Ex Vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302246. [PMID: 37953708 PMCID: PMC10872976 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading global cause of cancer-related deaths. Although smoking cessation is the best prevention, 50% of lung cancer diagnoses occur in people who have quit smoking. Research into treatment options for high-risk patients is constrained to rodent models, which are time-consuming, expensive, and require large cohorts. Embedding precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) within an engineered hydrogel and exposing this tissue to vinyl carbamate, a carcinogen from cigarette smoke, creates an in vitro model of lung cancer premalignancy. Hydrogel formulations are selected to promote early lung cancer cellular phenotypes and extend PCLS viability to six weeks. Hydrogel-embedded PCLS are exposed to vinyl carbamate, which induces adenocarcinoma in mice. Analysis of proliferation, gene expression, histology, tissue stiffness, and cellular content after six weeks reveals that vinyl carbamate induces premalignant lesions with a mixed adenoma/squamous phenotype. Putative chemoprevention agents diffuse through the hydrogel and induce tissue-level changes. The design parameters selected using murine tissue are validated with hydrogel-embedded human PCLS and results show increased proliferation and premalignant lesion gene expression patterns. This tissue-engineered model of human lung cancer premalignancy is the foundation for more sophisticated ex vivo models that enable the study of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Blomberg
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver |Anschutz, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kayla Sompel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Caroline Hauer
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Alex J Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brisa Peña
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver |Anschutz, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute & Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer Driscoll
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Patrick S Hume
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Daniel T Merrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Meredith A Tennis
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Chelsea M Magin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver |Anschutz, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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5
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Ahmed TA, Eldaly B, Eldosuky S, Elkhenany H, El-Derby AM, Elshazly MF, El-Badri N. The interplay of cells, polymers, and vascularization in three-dimensional lung models and their applications in COVID-19 research and therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:114. [PMID: 37118810 PMCID: PMC10144893 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people have been affected ever since the emergence of the corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, leading to an urgent need for antiviral drug and vaccine development. Current experimentation on traditional two-dimensional culture (2D) fails to accurately mimic the in vivo microenvironment for the disease, while in vivo animal model testing does not faithfully replicate human COVID-19 infection. Human-based three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models such as spheroids, organoids, and organ-on-a-chip present a promising solution to these challenges. In this report, we review the recent 3D in vitro lung models used in COVID-19 infection and drug screening studies and highlight the most common types of natural and synthetic polymers used to generate 3D lung models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toka A Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bassant Eldaly
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
| | - Shadwa Eldosuky
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
| | - Hoda Elkhenany
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
| | - Azza M El-Derby
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
| | - Muhamed F Elshazly
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt.
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6
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Blomberg R, Sompel K, Hauer C, Pe A B, Driscoll J, Hume PS, Merrick DT, Tennis MA, Magin CM. Tissue-engineered models of lung cancer premalignancy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.15.532835. [PMID: 36993773 PMCID: PMC10055140 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading global cause of cancer-related deaths. Although smoking cessation is the best preventive action, nearly 50% of all lung cancer diagnoses occur in people who have already quit smoking. Research into treatment options for these high-risk patients has been constrained to rodent models of chemical carcinogenesis, which are time-consuming, expensive, and require large numbers of animals. Here we show that embedding precision-cut lung slices within an engineered hydrogel and exposing this tissue to a carcinogen from cigarette smoke creates an in vitro model of lung cancer premalignancy. Hydrogel formulations were selected to promote early lung cancer cellular phenotypes and extend PCLS viability up to six weeks. In this study, hydrogel-embedded lung slices were exposed to the cigarette smoke derived carcinogen vinyl carbamate, which induces adenocarcinoma in mice. At six weeks, analysis of proliferation, gene expression, histology, tissue stiffness, and cellular content revealed that vinyl carbamate induced the formation of premalignant lesions with a mixed adenoma/squamous phenotype. Two putative chemoprevention agents were able to freely diffuse through the hydrogel and induce tissue-level changes. The design parameters selected using murine tissue were validated with hydrogel-embedded human PCLS and results showed increased proliferation and premalignant lesion gene expression patterns. This tissue-engineered model of human lung cancer premalignancy is the starting point for more sophisticated ex vivo models and a foundation for the study of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention strategies.
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7
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Head and neck cancer patient-derived tumouroid cultures: opportunities and challenges. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1807-1818. [PMID: 36765173 PMCID: PMC10147637 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNC) are the seventh most prevalent cancer type globally. Despite their common categorisation, HNCs are a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising in various anatomical sites within the head and neck region. These cancers exhibit different clinical and biological manifestations, and this heterogeneity also contributes to the high rates of treatment failure and mortality. To evaluate patients who will respond to a particular treatment, there is a need to develop in vitro model systems that replicate in vivo tumour status. Among the methods developed, patient-derived cancer organoids, also known as tumouroids, recapitulate in vivo tumour characteristics including tumour architecture. Tumouroids have been used for general disease modelling and genetic instability studies in pan-cancer research. However, a limited number of studies have thus far been conducted using tumouroid-based drug screening. Studies have concluded that tumouroids can play an essential role in bringing precision medicine for highly heterogenous cancer types such as HNC.
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8
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He X, Lee B, Jiang Y. Extracellular matrix in cancer progression and therapy. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2022; 2:125-139. [PMID: 37724245 PMCID: PMC10471113 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The tumor ecosystem with heterogeneous cellular compositions and the tumor microenvironment has increasingly become the focus of cancer research in recent years. The extracellular matrix (ECM), the major component of the tumor microenvironment, and its interactions with the tumor cells and stromal cells have also enjoyed tremendously increased attention. Like the other components of the tumor microenvironment, the ECM in solid tumors differs significantly from that in normal organs and tissues. We review recent studies of the complex roles the tumor ECM plays in cancer progression, from tumor initiation, growth to angiogenesis and invasion. We highlight that the biomolecular, biophysical, and mechanochemical interactions between the ECM and cells not only regulate the steps of cancer progression, but also affect the efficacy of systemic cancer treatment. We further discuss the strategies to target and modify the tumor ECM to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu He
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Byoungkoo Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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9
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Wieleba I, Wojas-Krawczyk K, Krawczyk P, Milanowski J. Clinical Application Perspectives of Lung Cancers 3D Tumor Microenvironment Models for In Vitro Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042261. [PMID: 35216378 PMCID: PMC8876687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous progress and development of modern therapies, lung cancer remains one of the most common causes of death among men and women. The key element in the development of new anti-cancer drugs is proper planning of the preclinical research phase. The most adequate basic research exemplary for cancer study are 3D tumor microenvironment in vitro models, which allow us to avoid the use of animal models and ensure replicable culture condition. However, the question tormenting the scientist is how to choose the best tool for tumor microenvironment research, especially for extremely heterogenous lung cancer cases. In the presented review we are focused to explain the key factors of lung cancer biology, its microenvironment, and clinical gaps related to different therapies. The review summarized the most important strategies for in vitro culture models mimicking the tumor–tumor microenvironmental interaction, as well as all advantages and disadvantages were depicted. This knowledge could facilitate the right decision to designate proper pre-clinical in vitro study, based on available analytical tools and technical capabilities, to obtain more reliable and personalized results for faster introduction them into the future clinical trials.
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10
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Arnal-Estapé A, Foggetti G, Starrett JH, Nguyen DX, Politi K. Preclinical Models for the Study of Lung Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a037820. [PMID: 34518338 PMCID: PMC8634791 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Experimental preclinical models have been a cornerstone of lung cancer translational research. Work in these model systems has provided insights into the biology of lung cancer subtypes and their origins, contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie tumor progression, and revealed new therapeutic vulnerabilities. Initially patient-derived lung cancer cell lines were the main preclinical models available. The landscape is very different now with numerous preclinical models for research each with unique characteristics. These include genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and three-dimensional culture systems ("organoid" cultures). Here we review the development and applications of these models and describe their contributions to lung cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arnal-Estapé
- Department of Pathology
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | | | | | - Don X Nguyen
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology)
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Katerina Politi
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology)
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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11
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Padhye A, Konen JM, Rodriguez BL, Fradette JJ, Ochieng JK, Diao L, Wang J, Lu W, Solis LS, Batra H, Raso MG, Peoples MD, Minelli R, Carugo A, Bristow CA, Gibbons DL. Targeting CDK4 overcomes EMT-mediated tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance in KRAS mutant lung cancer. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148392. [PMID: 34309585 PMCID: PMC8492319 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of sustained response to therapeutic agents in patients with KRAS-mutant lung cancer poses a major challenge and arises partly due to intratumor heterogeneity that defines phenotypically distinct tumor subpopulations. To attain better therapeutic outcomes, it is important to understand the differential therapeutic sensitivities of tumor cell subsets. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a biological phenomenon that can alter the state of cells along a phenotypic spectrum and cause transcriptional rewiring to produce distinct tumor cell subpopulations. We utilized functional shRNA screens, in in vitro and in vivo models, to identify and validate an increased dependence of mesenchymal tumor cells on cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) for survival, as well as a mechanism of resistance to MEK inhibitors. High zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 levels in mesenchymal tumor cells repressed p21, leading to perturbed CDK4 pathway activity. Increased dependence on CDK4 rendered mesenchymal cancer cells particularly vulnerable to selective CDK4 inhibitors. Coadministration of CDK4 and MEK inhibitors in heterogeneous tumors effectively targeted different tumor subpopulations, subverting the resistance to either single-agent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Padhye
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Jessica M Konen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - B Leticia Rodriguez
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Jared J Fradette
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Joshua K Ochieng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Luisa S Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Harsh Batra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Maria G Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Michael D Peoples
- TRACTION Platform, Division of Therapeutics Development, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Rosalba Minelli
- TRACTION Platform, Division of Therapeutics Development, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- TRACTION Platform, Division of Therapeutics Development, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- TRACTION Platform, Division of Therapeutics Development, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
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12
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Dijkstra KK, Monkhorst K, Schipper LJ, Hartemink KJ, Smit EF, Kaing S, de Groot R, Wolkers MC, Clevers H, Cuppen E, Voest EE. Challenges in Establishing Pure Lung Cancer Organoids Limit Their Utility for Personalized Medicine. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107588. [PMID: 32375033 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical implementation of tumor organoids for personalized medicine requires that pure tumor organoids can be reliably established. Here, we present our experience with organoid cultures from >70 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples. We systematically evaluate several methods to identify tumor purity of organoids established from intrapulmonary tumors. Eighty percent of organoids from intrapulmonary lesions have a normal copy number profile, suggesting overgrowth by normal airway organoids (AOs). This is further supported by the failure to detect mutations found in the original tumor in organoids. Histomorphology alone is insufficient to determine tumor purity, but when combined with p63 immunostaining, tumor and normal AOs can be distinguished. Taking into account overgrowth by normal AOs, the establishment rate of pure NSCLC organoids is 17%. Therefore, current methods are insufficient to establish pure NSCLC organoids from intrapulmonary lesions. We discourage their use unless steps are taken to prevent overgrowth by normal AOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krijn K Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Department of Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk J Schipper
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen J Hartemink
- Department of Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Egbert F Smit
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sovann Kaing
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa de Groot
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monika C Wolkers
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hartwig Medical Foundation, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emile E Voest
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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13
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Bota-Rabassedas N, Banerjee P, Niu Y, Cao W, Luo J, Xi Y, Tan X, Sheng K, Ahn YH, Lee S, Parra ER, Rodriguez-Canales J, Albritton J, Weiger M, Liu X, Guo HF, Yu J, Rodriguez BL, Firestone JJA, Mino B, Creighton CJ, Solis LM, Villalobos P, Raso MG, Sazer DW, Gibbons DL, Russell WK, Longmore GD, Wistuba II, Wang J, Chapman HA, Miller JS, Zong C, Kurie JM. Contextual cues from cancer cells govern cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109009. [PMID: 33882319 PMCID: PMC8142261 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells function as primary architects of the tumor microenvironment. However, the molecular features of cancer cells that govern stromal cell phenotypes remain unclear. Here, we show that cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) heterogeneity is driven by lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells at either end of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) spectrum. LUAD cells that have high expression of the EMT-activating transcription factor ZEB1 reprogram CAFs through a ZEB1-dependent secretory program and direct CAFs to the tips of invasive projections through a ZEB1-driven CAF repulsion process. The EMT, in turn, sensitizes LUAD cells to pro-metastatic signals from CAFs. Thus, CAFs respond to contextual cues from LUAD cells to promote metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Bota-Rabassedas
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyam Banerjee
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yichi Niu
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenjian Cao
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiayi Luo
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanxin Xi
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaochao Tan
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kuanwei Sheng
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Sieun Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Edwin Roger Parra
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob Albritton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Michael Weiger
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hou-Fu Guo
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiang Yu
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Leticia Rodriguez
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Barbara Mino
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel W Sazer
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory D Longmore
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jordan S Miller
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Chenghang Zong
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Konen JM, Rodriguez BL, Padhye A, Ochieng JK, Gibson L, Diao L, Fowlkes NW, Fradette JJ, Peng DH, Cardnell RJ, Kovacs JJ, Wang J, Byers LA, Gibbons DL. Dual Inhibition of MEK and AXL Targets Tumor Cell Heterogeneity and Prevents Resistant Outgrowth Mediated by the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in NSCLC. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1398-1412. [PMID: 33402388 PMCID: PMC8026531 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic epigenetic reprogramming event that occurs in a subset of tumor cells and is an initiating step toward invasion and distant metastasis. The process is reversible and gives plasticity to cancer cells to survive under variable conditions, with the acquisition of cancer stem cell-like characteristics and features such as drug resistance. Therefore, understanding survival dependencies of cells along the phenotypic spectrum of EMT will provide better strategies to target the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tumors and prevent their ability to bypass single-inhibitor treatment strategies. To address this, we integrated the data from a selective drug screen in epithelial and mesenchymal KRAS/p53 (KP)-mutant lung tumor cells with separate datasets including reverse-phase protein array and an in vivo shRNA dropout screen. These orthogonal approaches identified AXL and MEK as potential mesenchymal and epithelial cell survival dependencies, respectively. To capture the dynamicity of EMT, incorporation of a dual fluorescence EMT sensor system into murine KP lung cancer models enabled real-time analysis of the epigenetic state of tumor cells and assessment of the efficacy of single agent or combination treatment with AXL and MEK inhibitors. Both two- and three-dimensional culture systems and in vivo models revealed that this combination treatment strategy of MEK plus AXL inhibition synergistically killed lung cancer cells by specifically targeting each phenotypic subpopulation. In conclusion, these results indicate that cotargeting the specific vulnerabilities of EMT subpopulations can prevent EMT-mediated drug resistance, effectively controlling tumor cell growth and metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that a novel combination of MEK and AXL inhibitors effectively bypasses EMT-mediated drug resistance in KRAS/p53-mutant non-small cell lung cancer by targeting EMT subpopulations, thereby preventing tumor cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Konen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - B Leticia Rodriguez
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aparna Padhye
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Joshua K Ochieng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura Gibson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Natalie W Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jared J Fradette
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David H Peng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Oncology & Angiogenesis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | - Robert J Cardnell
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey J Kovacs
- TRACTION, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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15
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Use of osteoblast-derived matrix to assess the influence of collagen modifications on cancer cells. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 8:100047. [PMID: 33543040 PMCID: PMC7852199 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagenous stromal accumulations predict a worse clinical outcome in a variety of malignancies. Better tools are needed to elucidate the way in which collagen influences cancer cells. Here, we report a method to generate collagenous matrices that are deficient in key post-translational modifications and evaluate cancer cell behaviors on those matrices. We utilized genetic and biochemical approaches to inhibit lysine hydroxylation and glucosylation on collagen produced by MC-3T3-E1 murine osteoblasts (MC cells). Seeded onto MC cell-derived matrix surface, multicellular aggregates containing lung adenocarcinoma cells alone or in combination with cancer-associated fibroblasts dissociated with temporal and spatial patterns that were influenced by collagen modifications. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of generating defined collagen matrices that are suitable for cell culture studies. Feasibility of culturing multicellular aggregates on matrices with defined collagen modifications. Collagen modifications influence cancer cell behavior. This methodology is a useful tool for cancer researchers.
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Key Words
- Co-culture models
- Collagen
- Collagen cross-links
- DHLNL, Dehydro-dihydroxylysinonorleucine/its ketoamine
- ER, Endoplasmic Reticulum
- G, Galactosyl group
- GG, Glucosylgalactosyl group
- HLCCs, Hydroxylysine aldehyde-derived collagen cross-links
- HLNL, Dehydro-hydroxylysinonorleucine/its ketoamine
- Hyl, Hydroxylysine
- Hylald, Aldehide Hydroxylysine
- Hyp, Hydroxyproline
- LCC, Lysine aldehyde–derived cross-links
- LH, Lysyl hydroxylases
- LOX, Lysyl oxidases
- Lung cancer
- Lys, Lysine
- Lysald, Aldehide Lysine
- Lysyl hydroxylases
- Metastasis
- PGGHG, Glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine glucosidase
- PTMs, Post-translational modifications
- Pro, Proline
- hLys, Helical domain Lysine
- tLys, Telopeptidyl Lysine
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16
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Development, characterization, and applications of multi-material stereolithography bioprinting. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3171. [PMID: 33542283 PMCID: PMC7862383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As a 3D bioprinting technique, hydrogel stereolithography has historically been limited in its ability to capture the spatial heterogeneity that permeates mammalian tissues and dictates structure-function relationships. This limitation stems directly from the difficulty of preventing unwanted material mixing when switching between different liquid bioinks. Accordingly, we present the development, characterization, and application of a multi-material stereolithography bioprinter that provides controlled material selection, yields precise regional feature alignment, and minimizes bioink mixing. Fluorescent tracers were first used to highlight the broad design freedoms afforded by this fabrication strategy, complemented by morphometric image analysis to validate architectural fidelity. To evaluate the bioactivity of printed gels, 344SQ lung adenocarcinoma cells were printed in a 3D core/shell architecture. These cells exhibited native phenotypic behavior as evidenced by apparent proliferation and formation of spherical multicellular aggregates. Cells were also printed as pre-formed multicellular aggregates, which appropriately developed invasive protrusions in response to hTGF-β1. Finally, we constructed a simplified model of intratumoral heterogeneity with two separate sub-populations of 344SQ cells, which together grew over 14 days to form a dense regional interface. Together, these studies highlight the potential of multi-material stereolithography to probe heterotypic interactions between distinct cell types in tissue-specific microenvironments.
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17
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Exploitation of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a platform for anti-metastatic drug testing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16876. [PMID: 33037240 PMCID: PMC7547099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73632-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of clinically relevant models for tumor metastasis and drug testing is a major challenge in cancer research. Here we report a physiologically relevant assay enabling quantitative analysis of metastatic capacity of tumor cells following implantation into the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Engraftment of as few as 103 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines was sufficient for both primary tumor and metastasis formation. Standard 2D-imaging as well as 3D optical tomography imaging were used for the detection of fluorescent metastatic foci in the chick embryo. H2228- and H1975-initiated metastases were confirmed by genomic analysis. We quantified the inhibitory effect of docetaxel on LNCaP, and that of cisplatin on A549- and H1299-initiated metastatic growths.
The CAM assay also mimicked the sensitivity of ALK-rearranged H2228 and EGFR-mutated H1975 NSCLC cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors crizotinib and gefitinib respectively, as well as sensitivity of LNCaP cells to androgen-dependent enzalutamide therapy. The assay was suggested to reconstitute the bone metastatic tropism of PCa cells. We show that the CAM chick embryo model may be a powerful preclinical platform for testing and targeting of the metastatic capacity of cancer cells.
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18
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Bhattacharya S, Calar K, Evans C, Petrasko M, de la Puente P. Bioengineering the Oxygen-Deprived Tumor Microenvironment Within a Three-Dimensional Platform for Studying Tumor-Immune Interactions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1040. [PMID: 33015012 PMCID: PMC7498579 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation within tumors is one of the most prevalent causes of resilient cancer cell survival and increased immune evasion in breast cancer (BCa). Current in vitro models do not adequately mimic physiological oxygen levels relevant to breast tissue and its tumor-immune interactions. In this study, we propose an approach to engineer a three-dimensional (3D) model (named 3D engineered oxygen, 3D-O) that supports the growth of BCa cells and generates physio- and pathophysiological oxygen levels to understand the role of oxygen availability in tumor-immune interactions. BCa cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) were embedded into plasma-derived 3D-O scaffolds that reflected physio- and pathophysiological oxygen levels relevant to the healthy and cancerous breast tissue. BCa cells grown within 3D-O scaffolds were analyzed by flow cytometry, confocal imaging, immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence for cell proliferation, extracellular matrix protein expression, and alterations in immune evasive outcomes. Exosome secretion from 3D-O scaffolds were evaluated using the NanoSight particle analyzer. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incorporated on the top of 3D-O scaffolds and the difference in tumor-infiltrating capabilities as a result of different oxygen content were assessed by flow cytometry and confocal imaging. Lastly, hypoxia and Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibition were validated as targets to sensitize BCa cells in order to overcome immune evasion. Low oxygen-induced adaptations within 3D-O scaffolds validated known tumor hypoxia characteristics such as reduced BCa cell proliferation, increased extracellular matrix protein expression, increased extracellular vesicle secretion and enhanced immune surface marker expression on BCa cells. We further demonstrated that low oxygen in 3D-O scaffolds significantly influence immune infiltration. CD8+ T cell infiltration was impaired under pathophysiological oxygen levels and we were also able to establish that hypoxia and PD-L1 inhibition re-sensitized BCa cells to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Bioengineering the oxygen-deprived BCa tumor microenvironment in our engineered 3D-O physiological and tumorous scaffolds supported known intra-tumoral hypoxia characteristics allowing the study of the role of oxygen availability in tumor-immune interactions. The 3D-O model could serve as a promising platform for the evaluation of immunological events and as a drug-screening platform tool to overcome hypoxia-driven immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somshuvra Bhattacharya
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Kristin Calar
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Claire Evans
- Histology and Imaging Core, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Mark Petrasko
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Sanford PROMISE, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Flow Cytometry Core, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
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19
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Leal-Egaña A, Balland M, Boccaccini AR. Re-engineering Artificial Neoplastic Milieus: Taking Lessons from Mechano- and Topobiology. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:142-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Jiang W, Xu Z, Yu L, Che J, Zhang J, Yang J. MicroRNA-144-3p suppressed TGF-β1-induced lung cancer cell invasion and adhesion by regulating the Src-Akt-Erk pathway. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:51-61. [PMID: 31038242 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a leading cause to cancer-related death worldwide. The anti-cancer ability of microRNA-144-3p has been reported in many cancer types. This study focused on the mechanisms underlying miR-144-3p in inhibiting lung cancer. The expression levels of miR-144-3p and steroid receptor coactivator (Src) in different lung cancer cell lines and those in bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) were compared. miR-144-3p mimic and siSrc were transfected into A549 cells. Under the conditions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Small interfering transfection or TGF-β1 treatment, cell invasive and adhesive abilities were analyzed by Transwell and cell adhesion assays. miR-144-3p inhibitor and siSrc were co-transfected into A549 cells and the changes in cell invasion and adhesion were detected. The activation of Src-protein kinase B-extracellular-regulated protein kinases (Src-Akt-Erk) pathway was determined using Western blot. The downregulated miR-144-3p and upregulated Src were generally detected in lung cancer cell lines and were the most significant genes in A549 cells. Both miR-144-3p overexpression and Src inhibition could obviously inhibit the invasion and adhesion abilities of A549 cells in the presence or absence of the effects of TGF-β1. The inhibition of Src could block the promotive effects of miR-144-3p inhibitor and TGF-β1 on cell invasion and adhesion. Furthermore, we found that miR-144-3p could negatively regulate the phosphorylation levels of Akt and Erk. Our data indicated the essential role of Src in the mechanisms underlying TGF-β1-induced cell invasion and adhesion of lung cancer, and that miR-144-3p could effectively suppress TGF-β1-induced aggressive lung cancer cells by regulating Src expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital of Yantai City, No. 91 Jiefang Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000, China
| | - Zhiying Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital of Yantai City, No. 91 Jiefang Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000, China
| | - Jianpeng Che
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital of Yantai City, No. 91 Jiefang Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital of Yantai City, No. 91 Jiefang Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital of Yantai City, No. 91 Jiefang Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000, China
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21
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Chen D, Cao L, Wang X. MPZL1 promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration via activation of Src kinase in ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:679-687. [PMID: 31233194 PMCID: PMC6610034 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Myelin protein zero like 1 (MPZL1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that promotes migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and is involved in extracellular matrix-induced signal transduction. However, the functional role of MPZL1 in ovarian cancer has not been well elucidated. The present study conducted western blotting, phase-contrast imaging and immunohistochemistry to reveal the functions of MPZL1 in ovarian cancer. The present study demonstrated that the expression levels of MPZL1 were associated with malignant features of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of MPZL1 significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Conversely, MPZL1 depletion by short hairpin RNA inhibited migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. In addition, this study demonstrated that phosphorylation of Src kinase was increased upon MPZL1 overexpression. Additionally, phosphorylation and activation of pro-metastatic proteins p130 and cortactin were induced by phosphorylated Src kinase. Collectively, these findings indicated that MPZL1 may be a novel pro-metastatic gene, which promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration through Src-mediated phosphorylation of p130 and cortactin in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
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