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Stankovic M, Zeljkovic A, Vekic J, Antonic T, Ardalic D, Miljkovic-Trailovic M, Munjas J, Saric Matutinovic M, Gojkovic T, Jovicic S, Mikovic Z, Stefanovic A. Differences in HDL Remodeling during Healthy Pregnancy and Pregnancy with Cardiometabolic Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:948. [PMID: 39199194 PMCID: PMC11352027 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the longitudinal trajectory of changes in antioxidative and anti-inflammatory high-density lipoprotein (HDL) components during healthy pregnancy and pregnancy with cardiometabolic complications. We recruited and longitudinally followed 84 women with healthy pregnancies and 46 pregnant women who developed cardiometabolic pregnancy complications (gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy). Their general lipid profiles, oxidative stress status, inflammatory status, and antioxidative and anti-inflammatory HDL components were analyzed. The results of our study confirmed the expected trajectory for the routine lipid parameters. Our study results indicate more intensive oxidative stress and a higher level of inflammation in the group with complications compared with the control group. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was significantly lower in the first trimester in the group with complications compared with the control group (p < 0.05). We did not find significant differences in the apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) concentrations in the first trimester between the control group and the group with complications, but in the second and third trimesters, the group with complications had significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively). The S1P, paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations were significantly lower in the group with complications in the first trimester. During the second trimester, only the SAA concentrations were identified as significantly lower in the group with complications compared with the control group, while in the third trimester, the PON1, apolipoprotein M (Apo M), and SAA concentrations were all significantly lower in the group with complications. Through a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, the S1P concentration in the first trimester was distinguished as an HDL-associated marker independently associated with cardiometabolic pregnancy complications. In conclusion, our study results showed that HDL remodeling differs between healthy pregnancies and pregnancies with maternal cardiometabolic complications, with changed HDL composition and functionality consequently impacting its biological functionality in the latter case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Stankovic
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (D.A.); (Z.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (J.V.); (T.A.); (M.M.-T.); (J.M.); (M.S.M.); (T.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (J.V.); (T.A.); (M.M.-T.); (J.M.); (M.S.M.); (T.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Tamara Antonic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (J.V.); (T.A.); (M.M.-T.); (J.M.); (M.S.M.); (T.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Daniela Ardalic
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (D.A.); (Z.M.)
| | - Milica Miljkovic-Trailovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (J.V.); (T.A.); (M.M.-T.); (J.M.); (M.S.M.); (T.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Jelena Munjas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (J.V.); (T.A.); (M.M.-T.); (J.M.); (M.S.M.); (T.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Marija Saric Matutinovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (J.V.); (T.A.); (M.M.-T.); (J.M.); (M.S.M.); (T.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Tamara Gojkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (J.V.); (T.A.); (M.M.-T.); (J.M.); (M.S.M.); (T.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Snezana Jovicic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (J.V.); (T.A.); (M.M.-T.); (J.M.); (M.S.M.); (T.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Zeljko Mikovic
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (D.A.); (Z.M.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (J.V.); (T.A.); (M.M.-T.); (J.M.); (M.S.M.); (T.G.); (S.J.)
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Torres-Torres J, Espino-y-Sosa S, Martinez-Portilla R, Borboa-Olivares H, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Acevedo-Gallegos S, Ruiz-Ramirez E, Velasco-Espin M, Cerda-Flores P, Ramirez-Gonzalez A, Rojas-Zepeda L. A Narrative Review on the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7569. [PMID: 39062815 PMCID: PMC11277207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multifactorial pregnancy disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, posing significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. Despite extensive research, its complex pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. This narrative review aims to elucidate the intricate mechanisms contributing to PE, focusing on abnormal placentation, maternal systemic response, oxidative stress, inflammation, and genetic and epigenetic factors. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses, highlighting key molecular and cellular pathways involved in PE. The review integrates data on oxidative stress biomarkers, angiogenic factors, immune interactions, and mitochondrial dysfunction. PE is initiated by poor placentation due to inadequate trophoblast invasion and improper spiral artery remodeling, leading to placental hypoxia. This triggers the release of anti-angiogenic factors such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng), causing widespread endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial abnormalities, and immune dysregulation further exacerbate the condition. Genetic and epigenetic modifications, including polymorphisms in the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1) gene and altered microRNA (miRNA) expression, play critical roles. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, and specific molecular pathways like the heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide (HO-1/CO) and cystathionine gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulfide (CSE/H2S) pathways show promise in mitigating preeclampsia's effects. PE is a complex disorder with multifactorial origins involving abnormal placentation, endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Despite advances in understanding its pathophysiology, effective prevention and treatment strategies remain limited. Continued research is essential to develop targeted therapies that can improve outcomes for both mothers and their babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnatan Torres-Torres
- Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (R.M.-P.)
- Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico (P.C.-F.)
| | - Salvador Espino-y-Sosa
- Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (R.M.-P.)
| | - Raigam Martinez-Portilla
- Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (R.M.-P.)
| | - Hector Borboa-Olivares
- Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (R.M.-P.)
| | - Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
- Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (R.M.-P.)
| | - Sandra Acevedo-Gallegos
- Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (R.M.-P.)
| | - Erika Ruiz-Ramirez
- Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico (P.C.-F.)
| | - Martha Velasco-Espin
- Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico (P.C.-F.)
| | - Pablo Cerda-Flores
- Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico (P.C.-F.)
| | - Andrea Ramirez-Gonzalez
- Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico (P.C.-F.)
| | - Lourdes Rojas-Zepeda
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Instituto Materno Infantil del Estado de Mexico, Toluca 50170, Mexico
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3
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Nargis T, Lin X, Giordano E, Ijaz L, Suhail S, Gurzenda EM, Kiefer D, Quadro L, Hanna N, Hussain MM. Characterization of lipoproteins in human placenta and fetal circulation as well as gestational changes in lipoprotein assembly and secretion in human and mouse placentas. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159357. [PMID: 37315736 PMCID: PMC10529644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the maternal circulation, apoB-containing low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and apoA1-containing high-density lipoproteins (HDL) transport lipids. The production of lipoproteins in the placenta has been suggested, but the directionality of release has not been resolved. We compared apolipoprotein concentrations and size-exclusion chromatography elution profiles of lipoproteins in maternal/fetal circulations, and in umbilical arteries/veins; identified placental lipoprotein-producing cells; and studied temporal induction of lipoprotein-synthesizing machinery during pregnancy. We observed that maternal and fetal lipoproteins are different with respect to concentrations and elution profiles. Surprisingly, concentrations and elution profiles of lipoproteins in umbilical arteries and veins were similar indicating their homeostatic control. Human placental cultures synthesized apoB100-containing LDL-sized and apoA1-containing HDL-sized particles. Immunolocalization techniques revealed that ApoA1 was present mainly in syncytiotrophoblasts. MTP, a critical protein for lipoprotein assembly, was in these trophoblasts. ApoB was in the placental stroma indicating that trophoblasts secrete apoB-containing lipoproteins into the stroma. ApoB and MTP expressions increased in placentas from the 2nd trimester to term, whereas apoA1 expression was unchanged. Thus, our studies provide new information regarding the timing of lipoprotein gene induction during gestation, the cells involved in lipoprotein assembly and the gel filtration profiles of human placental lipoproteins. Next, we observed that mouse placenta produces MTP, apoB100, apoB48 and apoA1. The expression of genes gradually increased and peaked in late gestation. This information may be useful in identifying transcription factors regulating the induction of these genes in gestation and the importance of placental lipoprotein assembly in fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titli Nargis
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Elena Giordano
- Food Science Department, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Laraib Ijaz
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Suhail
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Ellen M Gurzenda
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Kiefer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Loredana Quadro
- Food Science Department, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nazeeh Hanna
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.
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4
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is accompanied by atherogenic dyslipidemia, a specific lipid disorder characterized by both quantitative and qualitative changes of plasma lipoproteins. The main alterations in the lipid profile include hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, and elevated small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. Epidemiological data show that obesity is more common in women and is a frequent risk factor for reproductive disorders, metabolic complications in pregnancy, and cardiometabolic disease later in life. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss recent advances in the research of dyslipidemia in obesity, with an emphasis on female-specific disorders and cardiometabolic risk. RECENT FINDINGS The focus of current research on dyslipidemia in obesity is moving toward structurally and functionally modified plasma lipoproteins. Special attention is paid to the pro-atherogenic role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants. Introduction of advanced analytical techniques enabled identification of novel lipid biomarkers with potential clinical applications. In particular, proteomic and lipidomic studies have provided significant progress in the comprehensive research of HDL's alterations in obesity. Obesity-related dyslipidemia is a widespread metabolic disturbance in polycystic ovary syndrome patients and high-risk pregnancies, but is seldom evaluated with respect to its impact on future cardiometabolic health. Obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases require a more depth insight into the quality of lipoprotein particles. Further application of omics-based techniques would enable a more comprehensive evaluation of dyslipidemia in order to reduce an excessive cardiovascular risk attributable to increased body weight. However, more studies on obesity-related female reproductive disorders are needed for this approach to be adopted in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Cerf ME. Maternal and Child Health, Non-Communicable Diseases and Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:756. [PMID: 37367913 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mothers influence the health and disease trajectories of their children, particularly during the critical developmental windows of fetal and neonatal life reflecting the gestational-fetal and lactational-neonatal phases. As children grow and develop, they are exposed to various stimuli and insults, such as metabolites, that shape their physiology and metabolism to impact their health. Non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and mental illness, have high global prevalence and are increasing in incidence. Non-communicable diseases often overlap with maternal and child health. The maternal milieu shapes progeny outcomes, and some diseases, such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, have gestational origins. Metabolite aberrations occur from diets and physiological changes. Differential metabolite profiles can predict the onset of non-communicable diseases and therefore inform prevention and/or better treatment. In mothers and children, understanding the metabolite influence on health and disease can provide insights for maintaining maternal physiology and sustaining optimal progeny health over the life course. The role and interplay of metabolites on physiological systems and signaling pathways in shaping health and disease present opportunities for biomarker discovery and identifying novel therapeutic agents, particularly in the context of maternal and child health, and non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon E Cerf
- Grants, Innovation and Product Development, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
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6
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The LDL receptor: Traffic and function in trophoblast cells under normal and pathological conditions. Placenta 2022; 127:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Schneider H, Albrecht C, Ahmed MS, Broekhuizen M, Aengenheister L, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Danser AHJ, Gil S, Hansson SR, Greupink R, Lewis RM, Markert UR, Mathiesen L, Powles-Glover N, Wadsack C, Brownbill P. Ex vivo dual perfusion of an isolated human placenta cotyledon: Towards protocol standardization and improved inter-centre comparability. Placenta 2022; 126:83-89. [PMID: 35785693 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the full development of the ex vivo dual perfusion model of the human placenta cotyledon, the technique has provided essential insight into how nutrients, lipids, gases, immunoglobulins, endocrine agents, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, nanoparticles, micro-organisms and parasites might traverse the maternofetal barrier. Additionally, the model has been instrumental in gaining a better understanding of the regulation of vascular tone, endocrinology and metabolism within this organ. The human placenta is unique amongst species in its anatomy and transfer modalities. This orthologous diversity therefore requires an appropriate consideration of placental transfer rates of compounds, particles and micro-organisms specific to humans. Different research centres have adapted this model with a wide variation in perfusion parameters, including in the establishment of perfusion, perfusate composition, gassing regime, cannulation method, flow rates, perfused tissue mass, and also in the application of quality control measures. The requirement to harmonise and standardise perfusion practice between centres is largely driven by the need to obtain consistency in our understanding of placental function, but also in the qualification of the model for acceptance by regulatory agencies in drug and toxicology testing. A pilot study is proposed, aiming to describe how existing inter-centre variation in perfusion methodology affects placental metabolism, protein synthesis, oxygen consumption, the materno-fetal transfer of key molecular markers, and placental structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Schneider
- Dept. Obstetrics & Gynecology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland.
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Mahmoud S Ahmed
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Michelle Broekhuizen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Leonie Aengenheister
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Sophie Gil
- University Paris Cité, Placentech®, Paris, F-75014, France.
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Lund University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Rick Greupink
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Udo R Markert
- Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Line Mathiesen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Paul Brownbill
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK.
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Lv Y, Ding H. Dissecting the Roles of Lipids in Preeclampsia. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070590. [PMID: 35888713 PMCID: PMC9323219 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multisystem pregnancy disorder that is characterized by different degrees of placental malperfusion, with release of antiangiogenic factors into the circulation, leading to maternal vascular endothelial injury and high blood pressure. As a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide, once preeclampsia has been diagnosed, there are no curative treatments except for delivery. Lipids serve as ubiquitous and multifunctional metabolites that are integral and essential to many diverse functions on both a cellular and organismal level. Lipid metabolic abnormalities have emerged as potential risk factors for the development and progression of preeclampsia. This review comprehensively examines decades of discovery to illuminate the roles of lipids and dysregulation in the levels of various lipid classes in preeclampsia. In addition, the roles of lipids are summarized to further understand the pathogenic mechanisms of preeclampsia. Overall, the review highlights the promising potential of pathophysiology and lipid-targeting therapeutic strategies in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Lv
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.D.)
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9
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Mistry HD, Klossner R, Kallol S, Lüthi MP, Moser R, Schneider H, Ontsouka EC, Kurlak LO, Mohaupt MG, Albrecht C. Effects of aldosterone on the human placenta: Insights from placental perfusion studies. Placenta 2022; 123:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Karahoda R, Zaugg J, Fuenzalida B, Kallol S, Moser-Haessig R, Staud F, Albrecht C. Trophoblast Differentiation Affects Crucial Nutritive Functions of Placental Membrane Transporters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:820286. [PMID: 35273963 PMCID: PMC8901483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.820286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotrophoblasts are progenitor cells that proliferate and fuse to form the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast layer, implicated in placental endocrine and transport functions. While membrane transporters play a critical role in the distribution of nutrients, hormones, and xenobiotics at the maternal-fetal interface, their selectivity to the syncytiotrophoblast layer is poorly characterized. We aimed to evaluate the regulation of placental transporters in response to trophoblast differentiation in vitro. Experiments were carried out in isolated primary human trophoblast cells before and after syncytialization. Gene expression of six molecular markers and thirty membrane transporters was investigated by qPCR analysis. Subsequently, functional expression was evaluated for proteins involved in the transplacental transfer of essential nutrients i.e., cholesterol (ABCA1, ABCG1), glucose (SLC2A1), leucine (SLC3A2, SLC7A5), and iron (transferrin receptor, TfR1). We identified that human chorionic gonadotropin, placental lactogen, endoglin, and cadherin-11 serve as optimal gene markers for the syncytialization process. We showed that trophoblast differentiation was associated with differential gene expression (mostly up-regulation) of several nutrient and drug transporters. Further, we revealed enhanced protein expression and activity of ABCG1, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, and TfR1 in syncytialized cells, with ABCA1 and GLUT1 displaying no change. Taken together, these results indicate that the syncytiotrophoblast has a dominant role in transporting essential nutrients cholesterol, leucine, and iron. Nonetheless, we present evidence that the cytotrophoblast cells may also be linked to transport functions that could be critical for the cell fusion processes. Our findings collectively yield new insights into the cellular functions associated with or altered by the trophoblast fusion. Importantly, defective syncytialization could lead to nutrient transfer imbalance, ultimately compromising fetal development and programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Fuenzalida
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sampada Kallol
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Tersigni C, Furqan Bari M, Cai S, Zhang W, Kandzija N, Buchan A, Miranda F, Di Simone N, Redman CW, Bastie C, Vatish M. Syncytiotrophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles carry apolipoprotein-E and affect lipid synthesis of liver cells in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:123-132. [PMID: 34894055 PMCID: PMC8742183 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal pregnancy, hepatic metabolism adaptation occurs with an increase in lipid biosynthesis. Placental shedding of syncytiotrophoblast‐derived extracellular vesicles (STBEVs) into the maternal circulation constitutes a major signalling mechanism between foetus and mother. We investigated whether STBEVs from normal pregnant women might target liver cells in vitro and induce changes in lipid synthesis. This study was performed at the Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Oxford, UK. STBEVs were obtained by dual‐lobe placental perfusion from 11 normal pregnancies at term. Medium/large and small STBEVs were collected by ultracentrifugation at 10,000g and 150,000g, respectively. STBEVs were analysed by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry for co‐expression of apolipoprotein‐E (apoE) and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). The uptake of STBEVs by liver cells and the effect on lipid metabolism was evaluated using a hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2 cells). Data were analysed by one‐way ANOVA and Student's t test. We demonstrated that: (a) STBEVs carry apoE; (b) HepG2 cells take up STBEVs through an apoE‐LDL receptor interaction; (c) STBEV incorporation into HepG2 cells resulted in (i) increased cholesterol release (ELISA); (ii) increased expression of the genes SQLE and FDPS (microarray) involved in cholesterol biosynthesis; (iii) downregulation of the CLOCK gene (microarray and PCR), involved in the circadian negative control of lipid synthesis in liver cells. In conclusion, the placenta may orchestrate the metabolic adaptation of the maternal liver through release of apoE‐positive STBEVs, by increasing lipid synthesis in a circadian‐independent fashion, meeting the nutritional needs of the growing foetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tersigni
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Shijei Cai
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neva Kandzija
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alice Buchan
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fabrizio Miranda
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher W Redman
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Bastie
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Nomoto M, Kotani T, Miki R, Ushida T, Imai K, Iitani Y, Tano S, Wang J, Moriyama Y, Kobayashi T, Mimura N, Iriyama T, Kikkawa F, Kajiyama H. Upregulation of ENDOU in cytotrophoblasts from placenta complicated with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 69:280-285. [PMID: 34857990 PMCID: PMC8611368 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental hypoplasia is associated with the pathophysiology of fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. The placenta consists of differentiated trophoblasts, including cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and extravillous trophoblasts. Cytotrophoblasts are thought to have stem-like characteristics and the ability to differentiate into syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts. However, it is poorly understood whether isolated cytotrophoblasts derived from hypoplastic placentas have specific features compared with those in normal placentas. This study aimed to determine the features of cytotrophoblasts in hypoplastic placentas. Differentially expressed proteins between isolated cytotrophoblasts from hypoplastic placenta with fetal growth restriction and those from the normal placenta were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Among 6,802 proteins, 1,253 and 2,129 proteins were more than 2-fold upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Among them, ENDOU (endonuclease, poly(U) specific), which has high homology with the coronavirus endoribonuclease nonstructural protein 15 (Nsp15), showed a significantly increased expression in cytotrophoblasts from the placenta with fetal growth restriction related to preeclampsia compared with those in normal control placenta. These results provide insight into the pathological mechanisms of placental hypoplasia and additional information on preeclamptic symptoms in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infected placenta, although further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Nomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Handa City Hospital, 2-29 Toyo-cho, Handa City, Aichi 475-8599, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kotani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.,Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Rika Miki
- Laboratory of Bell Research Center‑Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ushida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.,Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kenji Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yukako Iitani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sho Tano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Laboratory of Bell Research Center‑Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuko Mimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-655, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iriyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-655, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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13
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Roberts H, Woodman AG, Baines KJ, Jeyarajah MJ, Bourque SL, Renaud SJ. Maternal Iron Deficiency Alters Trophoblast Differentiation and Placental Development in Rat Pregnancy. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6396887. [PMID: 34647996 PMCID: PMC8559528 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency, which occurs when iron demands chronically exceed intake, is prevalent in pregnant women. Iron deficiency during pregnancy poses major risks for the baby, including fetal growth restriction and long-term health complications. The placenta serves as the interface between a pregnant mother and her baby, and it ensures adequate nutrient provisions for the fetus. Thus, maternal iron deficiency may impact fetal growth and development by altering placental function. We used a rat model of diet-induced iron deficiency to investigate changes in placental growth and development. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a low-iron or iron-replete diet starting 2 weeks before mating. Compared with controls, both maternal and fetal hemoglobin were reduced in dams fed low-iron diets. Iron deficiency decreased fetal liver and body weight, but not brain, heart, or kidney weight. Placental weight was increased in iron deficiency, due primarily to expansion of the placental junctional zone. The stimulatory effect of iron deficiency on junctional zone development was recapitulated in vitro, as exposure of rat trophoblast stem cells to the iron chelator deferoxamine increased differentiation toward junctional zone trophoblast subtypes. Gene expression analysis revealed 464 transcripts changed at least 1.5-fold (P < 0.05) in placentas from iron-deficient dams, including altered expression of genes associated with oxygen transport and lipoprotein metabolism. Expression of genes associated with iron homeostasis was unchanged despite differences in levels of their encoded proteins. Our findings reveal robust changes in placentation during maternal iron deficiency, which could contribute to the increased risk of fetal distress in these pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Roberts
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Andrew G Woodman
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada
| | - Kelly J Baines
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Mariyan J Jeyarajah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Stephane L Bourque
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada
| | - Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6C2V5, Canada
- Correspondence: Stephen J. Renaud, PhD, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5C1.
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14
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He Y, Yu H, Zhao H, Zhu H, Zhang Q, Wang A, Shen Y, Xu X, Li J. Transcriptomic analysis to elucidate the effects of high stocking density on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:620. [PMID: 34399686 PMCID: PMC8369720 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is one of the most widely cultivated fishes in China. High stocking density can reportedly affect fish growth and immunity. Herein we performed PacBio long-read single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and Illumina RNA sequencing to evaluate the effects of high stocking density on grass carp transcriptome. Results SMRT sequencing led to the identification of 33,773 genes (14,946 known and 18,827 new genes). From the structure analysis, 8,009 genes were detected with alternative splicing events, 10,219 genes showed alternative polyadenylation sites and 15,521 long noncoding RNAs. Further, 1,235, 962, and 213 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the intestine, muscle, and brain tissues, respectively. We performed functional enrichment analyses of DEGs, and they were identified to be significantly enriched in nutrient metabolism and immune function. The expression levels of several genes encoding apolipoproteins and activities of enzymes involved in carbohydrate enzymolysis were found to be upregulated in the high stocking density group, indicating that lipid metabolism and carbohydrate decomposition were accelerated. Besides, four isoforms of grass carp major histocompatibility complex class II antigen alpha and beta chains in the aforementioned three tissue was showed at least a 4-fold decrease. Conclusions The results suggesting that fish farmed at high stocking densities face issues associated with the metabolism and immune system. To conclude, our results emphasize the importance of maintaining reasonable density in grass carp aquaculture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07924-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honggang Zhao
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, 14853, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, 100068, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, 100068, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Costa J, Mackay R, de Aguiar Greca SC, Corti A, Silva E, Karteris E, Ahluwalia A. The Role of the 3Rs for Understanding and Modeling the Human Placenta. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153444. [PMID: 34362227 PMCID: PMC8347836 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling the physiology of the human placenta is still a challenge, despite the great number of scientific advancements made in the field. Animal models cannot fully replicate the structure and function of the human placenta and pose ethical and financial hurdles. In addition, increasingly stricter animal welfare legislation worldwide is incentivizing the use of 3R (reduction, refinement, replacement) practices. What efforts have been made to develop alternative models for the placenta so far? How effective are they? How can we improve them to make them more predictive of human pathophysiology? To address these questions, this review aims at presenting and discussing the current models used to study phenomena at the placenta level: in vivo, ex vivo, in vitro and in silico. We describe the main achievements and opportunities for improvement of each type of model and critically assess their individual and collective impact on the pursuit of predictive studies of the placenta in line with the 3Rs and European legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Costa
- Centro di Ricerca E.Piaggio, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (J.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Ruth Mackay
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
| | | | - Alessandro Corti
- Centro di Ricerca E.Piaggio, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (J.C.); (A.C.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabete Silva
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.-C.d.A.G.); (E.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.-C.d.A.G.); (E.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Arti Ahluwalia
- Centro di Ricerca E.Piaggio, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (J.C.); (A.C.)
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Interuniversity Centro for the Promotion of 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro3R), Italy
- Correspondence:
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16
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Cao L, Du Y, Zhang M, Wang F, Zhao JY, Ren YY, Gui YH. High maternal blood lipid levels during early pregnancy are associated with increased risk of congenital heart disease in offspring. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021; 100:1806-1813. [PMID: 34346055 PMCID: PMC8518762 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate whether maternal blood lipid levels during early pregnancy are associated with the occurrence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in their offspring. Material and methods In this single‐center case–control study, mothers of offspring with CHD (n = 230) and without CHD (n = 381) were included. Maternal lipid levels were determined on fasting blood samples taken in the first trimester. Relevant demographic and clinical data were extracted from the medical records. Maternal lipid profile was compared between the two groups, and regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between lipid profile and CHD risk in offspring. Results Compared with the control group, levels of triglyceride, apolipoprotein‐A1, and apolipoprotein‐B in early pregnancy were significantly higher in the CHD group. Multivariate analyses showed that triglyceride (odds ratio [OR] 2.46, 95% CI 1.62–3.73, p < 0.01), total/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.07–4.13, p = 0.03), and apolipoprotein‐A1 (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.16–6.40, p = 0.02) were positively associated with CHD risk in offspring. Conclusions Elevated maternal lipid profile was associated with increased risk of CHD in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ultrasound Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Du
- Office of Clinical Epidemiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Office of Clinical Epidemiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Yun Ren
- Ultrasound Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Hao Gui
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Screening Candidate Genes Regulating Placental Development from Trophoblast Transcriptome at Early Pregnancy in Dazu Black Goats ( Capra hircus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072132. [PMID: 34359260 PMCID: PMC8300351 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The trophoblast is an original placental tissue whose normal proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion, and angiopoiesis are essential for placenta formation and fetal survival during early pregnancy. However, the key genes and molecular mechanisms involved in placenta development in goats are unknown. Herein, the morphology and histological structures of trophoblast tissues from day 20 to 30 of pregnancy were determined. RNA-sequencing was used to screen potential functional genes in common highly expressed and differentially expressed genes. RAP1 signaling pathway was used as the contact center and coordinated with other pathways to regulate placenta development. This study could provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ruminant placentation. Abstract This study explored the trophoblast transcriptome to understand potential functional genes involved in early placental development in goats and their enriched signaling pathways. Trophoblast samples were collected from nine Dazu Black goats on days 20, 25, and 30 of pregnancy (D20, D25, and D30). As the pregnancy progressed, the morphology and histological structures showed significant growth, adhesion, and angiogenesis. A total of 23,253 commonly expressed genes (CEGs) and 4439 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by RNA sequencing. The common highly expressed genes (ChEGs) (the top 100 CEGs) with the highest FPKM percentage (29.9%) of all CEGs were annotated to the ribosome pathway and maintain pregnancy. DEGs were abundant in D30 vs. D20 (3715 DEGs). Besides, the DEGs were associated with the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and activation of PI3K-Akt, focal adhesion, ECM–receptor interaction, Rap1, and CAM signaling pathways. The RAP1 may be a central pathway since it coordinates with others to regulate the cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and fusion of trophoblasts. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed the transcriptional expression in IGF1, VEGFC, RAPGEF3, PIK3CA, AKT3, ITGB3, ITGA11, SPP1, NOS1, and ATP6V0B genes and protein levels in VEGF, RAPGEF3, and Akt. This is the first study of transcriptome profiling in goat placenta and provides diverse genetic resources for further research on placenta development.
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18
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Napso T, Zhao X, Lligoña MI, Sandovici I, Kay RG, George AL, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Meek CL, Hamilton RS, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Placental secretome characterization identifies candidates for pregnancy complications. Commun Biol 2021; 4:701. [PMID: 34103657 PMCID: PMC8187406 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in maternal physiological adaptation during pregnancy lead to complications, including abnormal birthweight and gestational diabetes. Maternal adaptations are driven by placental hormones, although the full identity of these is lacking. This study unbiasedly characterized the secretory output of mouse placental endocrine cells and examined whether these data could identify placental hormones important for determining pregnancy outcome in humans. Secretome and cell peptidome analyses were performed on cultured primary trophoblast and fluorescence-activated sorted endocrine trophoblasts from mice and a placental secretome map was generated. Proteins secreted from the placenta were detectable in the circulation of mice and showed a higher relative abundance in pregnancy. Bioinformatic analyses showed that placental secretome proteins are involved in metabolic, immune and growth modulation, are largely expressed by human placenta and several are dysregulated in pregnancy complications. Moreover, proof-of-concept studies found that secreted placental proteins (sFLT1/MIF and ANGPT2/MIF ratios) were increased in women prior to diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Thus, placental secretome analysis could lead to the identification of new placental biomarkers of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Napso
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marta Ibañez Lligoña
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ionel Sandovici
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard G Kay
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy L George
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire L Meek
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Russell S Hamilton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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19
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Low CETP activity and unique composition of large VLDL and small HDL in women giving birth to small-for-gestational age infants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6213. [PMID: 33737686 PMCID: PMC7973737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) regulates high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol (C) and HDL-C is essential for fetal development. We hypothesized that women giving birth to large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants differed in longitudinal changes in lipoproteins, CETP activity and HDL-C and that placentas from women with higher or lower circulating HDL-C displayed differential expression of mRNAs involved in cholesterol/nutrient transport, insulin signaling, inflammation/ extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Circulating lipids and CETP activity was measured during pregnancy, NMR lipidomics in late pregnancy, and associations with LGA and SGA infants investigated. RNA sequencing was performed in 28 placentas according to higher and lower maternal HDL-C levels. Lipidomics revealed high triglycerides in large VLDL and lipids/cholesterol/cholesteryl esters in small HDL in women giving birth to SGA infants. Placentas from women with higher HDL-C had decreased levels of CETP expression which was associated with mRNAs involved in cholesterol/nutrient transport, insulin signaling and inflammation/ECM remodeling. Both placental and circulating CETP levels were associated with growth of the fetus. Low circulating CETP activity at 36–38 weeks was associated with giving birth to SGA infants. Our findings suggest a link between increased maternal HDL-C levels, low CETP levels both in circulation and placenta, and SGA infants.
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Materno-fetal cholesterol transport during pregnancy. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:775-786. [PMID: 32369555 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a major nutrient required for fetal growth. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones and essential for the development and maturation of fetal organs. During pregnancy, the placenta controls the transport of cholesterol from the mother to the fetus and vice versa. Cholesterol originating from the maternal circulation has to cross two main membrane barriers to reach the fetal circulation: Firstly, cholesterol is acquired by the apical side of the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) from the maternal circulation as high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- or very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol and secreted at the basal side facing the villous stroma. Secondly, from the villous stroma cholesterol is taken up by the endothelium of the fetal vasculature and transported to the fetal vessels. The proteins involved in the uptake of HDL-, LDL-, VLDL- or unesterified-cholesterol are scavenger receptor type B class 1 (SR-B1), cubulin, megalin, LDL receptor (LDLR) or Niemann-Pick-C1 (NPC1) which are localized at the apical and/or basal side of the STB or at the fetal endothelium. Through interaction with apolipoproteins (e.g. apoA1) cholesterol is effluxed either to the maternal or fetal circulation via the ATP-binding-cassette (ABC)-transporter A1 and ABCG1 localized at the apical/basal side of the STB or the endothelium. In this mini-review, we summarize the transport mechanisms of cholesterol across the human placenta, the expression and localization of proteins involved in the uptake and efflux of cholesterol, and the expression pattern of cholesterol transport proteins in pregnancy pathologies such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth retardation.
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The polarized localization of lipoprotein receptors and cholesterol transporters in the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta is reproducible in a monolayer of primary human trophoblasts. Placenta 2021; 105:50-60. [PMID: 33548684 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The uptake of low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) through the LDL receptor (LDLR) and the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) mediates maternal to fetal cholesterol transfer in syncytiotrophoblast (STB) cells. STB cells deliver cholesterol via cholesterol efflux through the ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1, to ApoA-I), G1 (ABCG1, to HDL), and SR-BI (to HDL). In the human placenta, these proteins are localized in the apical (LDLR, SR-BI, ABCA1) and basal (SR-BI, ABCA1, ABCG1) membrane of STB cells. However, whether these proteins in polarized primary culture models of STB show a similar localization to those in the human placenta is currently unknown. METHODS Primary human trophoblasts (PHT) were isolated from normal placentas and cultured in Transwells® with Matrigel to obtain a polarized STB monolayer, proteins were determined by immunofluorescence and cholesterol efflux determined to different acceptors. RESULTS At day 5, LDLR and ABCA1 localized mainly in the apical membrane, ABCG1 in the basal membrane, and SR-BI in both. Cholesterol efflux towards the apical compartment was higher to adult and neonatal HDL compared to ApoA-I. When acceptors were added in the basal compartment, cholesterol was retained in the Matrigel. DISCUSSION Polarized STB monolayers express LDLR, SR-BI, ABCA1 and ABCG1, and their apical/basal localization resembles the one described in human placental tissue. This study confirms the high physiological value and suitability of this model for use in functional studies. Our findings also suggest that ABCA1 and SR-BI participate in cholesterol efflux to the maternal side of the cells.
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Aengenheister L, Favaro RR, Morales-Prieto DM, Furer LA, Gruber M, Wadsack C, Markert UR, Buerki-Thurnherr T. Research on nanoparticles in human perfused placenta: State of the art and perspectives. Placenta 2020; 104:199-207. [PMID: 33418345 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing human exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) from various sources raises concerns for public health, especially for vulnerable risk groups like pregnant women and their developing fetuses. However, nanomedicine and the prospect of creating safe and effective NP-based formulations of drugs hold great promise to revolutionize treatment during pregnancy. With maternal and fetal health at stake, risks and opportunities of NPs in pregnancy need to be carefully investigated. Importantly, a comprehensive understanding of NP transport and effects at the placenta is urgently needed considering the central position of the placenta at the maternal-fetal interface and its many essential functions to enable successful pregnancy. The perfusion of human placental tissue provides a great opportunity to achieve predictive human relevant insights, circumventing uncertainties due to considerable differences in placental structure and function across species. Here, we have reviewed the current literature on the ex vivo human placenta perfusion of NPs. From 16 available studies, it was evident that placental uptake and transfer of NPs are highly dependent on their characteristics like size and surface modifications, which is in line with previous observations from in vitro and animal transport studies. These studies further revealed that special considerations apply for the perfusion of NPs and we identified relevant controls that should be implemented in future perfusion studies. While current studies mostly focused on placental transfer of NPs to conclude on potential fetal exposure, the ex vivo placental perfusion model has considerable potential to reveal novel insights on NP effects on placental tissue functionality and signaling that could indirectly affect maternal-fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Aengenheister
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Rodolfo R Favaro
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana M Morales-Prieto
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Lea A Furer
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Gruber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Udo R Markert
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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23
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Desoye G, Herrera E. Adipose tissue development and lipid metabolism in the human fetus: The 2020 perspective focusing on maternal diabetes and obesity. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101082. [PMID: 33383022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During development, the human fetus accrues the highest proportion of fat of all mammals. Precursors of fat lobules can be found at week 14 of pregnancy. Thereafter, they expand, filling with triacylglycerols during pregnancy. The resultant mature lipid-filled adipocytes emerge from a developmental programme of embryonic stem cells, which is regulated differently than adult adipogenesis. Fetal triacylglycerol synthesis uses glycerol and fatty acids derived predominantly from glycolysis and lipogenesis in liver and adipocytes. The fatty acid composition of fetal adipose tissue at the end of pregnancy shows a preponderance of palmitic acid, and differs from the mother. Maternal diabetes mellitus does not influence this fatty acid profile. Glucose oxidation is the main source of energy for the fetus, but mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation also contributes. Indirect evidence suggests the presence of lipoprotein lipase in fetal adipose tissue. Its activity may be increased under hyperinsulinemic conditions as in maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity, thereby contributing to increased triacylglycerol deposition found in the newborns of such pregnancies. Fetal lipolysis is low. Changes in the expression of genes controlling metabolism in fetal adipose tissue appear to contribute actively to the increased neonatal fat mass found in diabetes and obesity. Many of these processes are under endocrine regulation, principally by insulin, and show sex-differences. Novel fatty acid derived signals such as oxylipins are present in cord blood with as yet undiscovered function. Despite many decades of research on fetal lipid deposition and metabolism, many key questions await answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - E Herrera
- Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
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Buczyńska A, Sidorkiewicz I, Ławicki S, Krętowski A, Zbucka-Krętowska M. The Significance of Apolipoprotein E Measurement in the Screening of Fetal Down Syndrome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123995. [PMID: 33321701 PMCID: PMC7764604 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal screening for Down syndrome (DS) is based on both noninvasive and invasive methods. Noninvasive, cell-free fetal DNA genetic tests are expensive, whereas biochemical methods remain imprecise. Amniocentesis is the most frequently used invasive diagnosis procedure, characterized by 99.8% diagnostic efficiency and less than 1% risk of miscarriage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the screening value of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) as a potential noninvasive biomarker for prenatal DS assessment. This study was conducted on a group of female patients who decided to undergo routine amniocentesis between the 15th and 18th week of pregnancy at the Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology of the Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. For the purpose of this study, 20 women with DS fetuses were selected as the study group, and 20 healthy pregnant women with euploid fetus karyotypes as the control group. The plasma levels of ApoE were significantly higher in the study group compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.978 (p < 0.001), with the cut-off set to 1.37 mg/mL, which was characterized by 80% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity. The high sensitivity and specificity demonstrate the screening utility of maternal ApoE concentration in prenatal fetal DS screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Buczyńska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (A.B.); (I.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Iwona Sidorkiewicz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (A.B.); (I.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Adam Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (A.B.); (I.S.); (A.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Zbucka-Krętowska
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Adolescent Gynecology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-746-8336
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25
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Schmidt JK, Keding LT, Block LN, Wiepz GJ, Koenig MR, Meyer MG, Dusek BM, Kroner KM, Bertogliat MJ, Kallio AR, Mean KD, Golos TG. Placenta-derived macaque trophoblast stem cells: differentiation to syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts reveals phenotypic reprogramming. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19159. [PMID: 33154556 PMCID: PMC7644694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates are excellent models for studying human placentation as experimental manipulations in vitro can be translated to in vivo pregnancy. Our objective was to develop macaque trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) as an in vitro platform for future assessment of primate trophoblast development and function. Macaque TSC lines were generated by isolating first and second trimester placental villous cytotrophoblasts followed by culture in TSC medium to maintain cellular proliferation. TSCs grew as mononuclear colonies, whereas upon induction of syncytiotrophoblast (ST) differentiation multinuclear structures appeared, indicative of syncytium formation. Chorionic gonadotropin secretion was > 4000-fold higher in ST culture media compared to TSC media. The secretion of chorionic gonadotropin by TSC-derived ST reflects a reprogramming of macaque TSCs to an earlier pregnancy phenotype. Characteristic trophoblast hallmarks were defined in TSCs and ST including expression of C19MC miRNAs and the macaque placental nonclassical MHC class I molecule, Mamu-AG. Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) were derived that express macaque EVT markers Mamu-AG and CD56, and also secrete high levels of MMP2. Our analyses of macaque TSCs suggests that these cells represent a proliferative, self-renewing population capable of differentiating to STs and EVTs in vitro thereby establishing an experimental model of primate placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Kropp Schmidt
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Logan T Keding
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lindsey N Block
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gregory J Wiepz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michelle R Koenig
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael G Meyer
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brittany M Dusek
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kamryn M Kroner
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mario J Bertogliat
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Avery R Kallio
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katherine D Mean
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Bidne KL, Rister AL, McCain AR, Hitt BD, Dodds ED, Wood JR. Maternal obesity alters placental lysophosphatidylcholines, lipid storage, and the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism‡. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:197-210. [PMID: 33048132 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a characteristic of maternal obesity and previous studies have demonstrated abnormalities in fatty acid oxidation and storage in term placentas. However, there is little information about the effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on placental lipid metabolism during early pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between lipid profiles and markers of metabolism in placentas from obese and lean dams at midgestation. Mice were fed a western diet (WD) or normal diet (ND) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and/or phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were measured in dam circulation and placenta sections using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry imaging, respectively. In WD dam, circulating LPCs containing 16:1, 18:1, 20:0, and 20:3 fatty acids were increased and 18:2 and 20:4 were decreased. In WD placenta from both sexes, LPC 18:1 and PC 36:1 and 38:3 were increased. Furthermore, there were moderate to strong correlations between LPC 18:1, PC 36:1, and PC 38:3. Treatment-, spatial-, and sex-dependent differences in LPC 20:1 and 20:3 were also detected. To identify genes that may regulate diet-dependent differences in placenta lipid profiles, the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and nutrient transport was measured in whole placenta and isolated labyrinth using droplet digital PCR and Nanostring nCounter assays. Several apolipoproteins were increased in WD placentas. However, no differences in nutrient transport or fatty acid metabolism were detected. Together, these data indicate that lipid storage is increased in midgestation WD placentas, which may lead to lipotoxicity, altered lipid metabolism and transport to the fetus later in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Bidne
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Alana L Rister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Andrea R McCain
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Brianna D Hitt
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Eric D Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.,Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer R Wood
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Gestational Diabetes Type 2: Variation in High-Density Lipoproteins Composition and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176281. [PMID: 32872663 PMCID: PMC7504441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Class A2 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDMA2) has short- and long-term effects on the mother and child. These may include abnormalities of placentation, damage to endothelial cells and cardiovascular disease. This research investigated the function and composition of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) among women with GDMA2 and their fetuses. Methods: Thirty pregnant women were recruited during admission for delivery. The function and expression of HDL, paraoxonase1 (PON1) and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) in the blood samples and the placental tissue were evaluated. The effect of HDL on migration of endothelial cells was measured in vitro. Results: Compared to normal pregnancy (NP), APOA1 in the maternal plasma of women with GDMA2 was decreased. More APOA1 and PON1 were released from HDL of women with GDMA2, compared to NP. Placental APOA1 and PON1 were decreased in GDMA2. For endothelial cells stimulated with TNFα, HDL cell migration was decreased when cells were evaluated with NP-HDL, as compared to GDMA2-HDL. Conclusions: GDMA2 affects the composition and function of HDL in plasma. Changes in HDL commonly seen in GDMA2 were observed in maternal and placental samples, but not in cord samples. These results might indicate a placental role in protecting the fetus by preserving the components and functions of HDL and require further investigation.
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28
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Cantin C, Fuenzalida B, Leiva A. Maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy: Potential modulation of cholesterol transport through the human placenta and lipoprotein profile in maternal and neonatal circulation. Placenta 2020; 94:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Cholesterol uptake and efflux are impaired in human trophoblast cells from pregnancies with maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5264. [PMID: 32210256 PMCID: PMC7093446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal physiological (MPH) or supraphysiological hypercholesterolaemia (MSPH) occurs during pregnancy. Cholesterol trafficking from maternal to foetal circulation requires the uptake of maternal LDL and HDL by syncytiotrophoblast and cholesterol efflux from this multinucleated tissue to ApoA-I and HDL. We aimed to determine the effects of MSPH on placental cholesterol trafficking. Placental tissue and primary human trophoblast (PHT) were isolated from pregnant women with total cholesterol <280 md/dL (MPH, n = 27) or ≥280 md/dL (MSPH, n = 28). The lipid profile in umbilical cord blood from MPH and MSPH neonates was similar. The abundance of LDL receptor (LDLR) and HDL receptor (SR-BI) was comparable between MSPH and MPH placentas. However, LDLR was localized mainly in the syncytiotrophoblast surface and was associated with reduced placental levels of its ligand ApoB. In PHT from MSPH, the uptake of LDL and HDL was lower compared to MPH, without changes in LDLR and reduced levels of SR-BI. Regarding cholesterol efflux, in MSPH placentas, the abundance of cholesterol transporter ABCA1 was increased, while ABCG1 and SR-BI were reduced. In PHT from MSPH, the cholesterol efflux to ApoA-I was increased and to HDL was reduced, along with reduced levels of ABCG1, compared to MPH. Inhibition of SR-BI did not change cholesterol efflux in PHT. The TC content in PHT was comparable in MPH and MSPH cells. However, free cholesterol was increased in MSPH cells. We conclude that MSPH alters the trafficking and content of cholesterol in placental trophoblasts, which could be associated with changes in the placenta-mediated maternal-to-foetal cholesterol trafficking.
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